Application of emerging technologies

8/16/2019 Application of emerging technologies

1/49

Sept 07, 2004

Application of Emergingpplication of EmergingTechnologies forechnologies for

Development of Indianevelopment of IndianPower stemower stem

R.N.Nayak, Y.K. Sehgal & Subir SenPower Grid Corporation of India td.

!" th #orld $nergy Congre%%, Sydney


2/49

Sept 07, 2004

Power stem in India

• Electricity is a concurrent subject – both State and Central Govt. responsible for

development & management of this sector

• State Electricity Boards (SEBs) State !r. "tilityresponsible for #heeling of po#er from state generatingunits and state level $%% S

• %' E G $* + the Central transmission utility #heelspo#er of central generating utilities and interstate mega$%% s

• %o#er distribution responsibility is generally #ith SEB s *$SC', %rivate distribution utilities

• - levels for Grid management system adopted namelyState egional & /ational


3/49

Sept 07, 2004

!ierarch of Indian Power stem


4/49

Sept 07, 2004

,inistry of %o#erGovt of $ndia

,'% State Govt.

Central Sector

Companies• Generating Utilities,

NTPC, NHPC,NEEPCO, NPCIL

• Transmission Utility,POWERGRID

• Trading Com any, PTC

• !inan"e, P!C

• R#ral Ele"tri$i"ationREC

0uthorities

CE%, RE&s,

&*

CPRI, NPTI,P'TI,

,ega $%%s ,

State Sector "tilities

• Generation

• Transmission

• Distri(#tionState $%%s

Instit"tional#ramewor$

$ndependent

CE C

$ndependent

SE C


5/49Sept 07, 2004

Indian Power stem


6/49Sept 07, 2004

Indian Power ector% A Profile

• $nstalled capacity + 112 333 ,

• %ea4 *emand + 56 333 ,

• %ea4 0vailability 7 86 333 ,

• !ransmission system 7 – 8694: ; :*C ; 9533 c4t 4m – ?334: ; 98 333 c4t. 4m

– 2234: and belo# ; ,ore than 9 million c4t. 4m

• Gro#th rate of energy +


7/49Sept 07, 2004

#"t"re Power cenario

• %ea4 demand (eApected) 7 )*+, -W

• Capacity 0ddition envisaged 7 ) , -W

• Goal – Power for all by '!

B !>E E0 2312

d f


8/49Sept 07, 2004

&onsiderations for #"t"reDevelopment

"neven distribution of /atural resources7 Coal reserves concentrated in Eastern region. >ydro potential mainly in /orth Eastern &

/orthern region

oad Centers located at distant locations in/orthern estern & Southern regions

Conservation of ight7of7 ay ( ' )


9/49Sept 07, 2004

Energ 'eso"rce (ap

Coal

Hydro

& id i f #" "


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Sept 07, 2004

&onsiderations for #"t"reDevelopment

egulatory reDuirements on environmental andsocial aspects

leAibility to enhance transfer capacity + %hase#ise development

'pen Electricity ,ar4et 7 adeDuate !r. capacity

,inimisation of !ransmission cost + immediateas #ell as long7term

!ime optimisation in project eAecution

()ontd


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Sept 07, 2004

Technolog Integration

!o ensure development of %o#erSystem in an optimal manner +

– Enhance the capacity of eAisting system +!r. asset management

– !echnology for ne# system 4eeping invie# long7term perspective


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Sept 07, 2004

Emerging TechnologApplication in E)isting

s stem


13/49

Sept 07, 2004

Enhancement of Thermalcapacit

)*)/01/*1*

)/0) 1+0*0*

&ase0*2)*+*

In"rease345-6%

!hermal ratingCurrent carryingcapacity (0)

Conductortemp.(deg C)


14/49

Sept 07, 2004

Increase in &ond"ctor ag

1-.69

1-.26

12.58

Conductor Sagfor ?33 m span

Base+*

F3.85 m 6.1@1*

F3.-< m -@0*

$ncrease in sagConductortemp.(deg C)


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Sept 07, 2004

*ptions + Increase in &ond,Temp,

'ption71; $ncrease the height of to#ers

'ption72 ; $ncrease conductor tension

'ption7- ; educe ruling span


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Sept 07, 2004

'ed"ction in '"ling pan

-56

-


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Sept 07, 2004

Economic anal sis % Thermalcapacit enhancement

70)7)$ncreasing to#erheight

0*

)7+)70eduction inruling span

)7*/7/$ncreasing to#erheight

1*

7071eduction inruling span

8 96 D:"8 96 ':"

$ncrease in capital cost(@)'ptionConductortemp.(deg C)


18/49

Sept 07, 2004

-pgradation of lower voltageto higher voltage line

• :oltage upgradation +

– 1-24: * c to 2234: * c

– 2234: * c to ?334: S c

•Saving in '

• ess capital investment compared to construction of ne#lines

• 'ptions + – Change eAisting conductors #ith lo#er sag & high current

capacity conductors

– $nsulated cross7arm and or line post insulators + compaction


19/49

Sept 07, 2004

-pgradation of lower voltageto higher voltage line

• "pgradation of 2234: * c to ?334: S c – Capacity enhancement + 1.5 p.u over conventional 2234:

line

– $ncrease in ' from -9 m to -8 m (less than ?334: line)

• ?334: * c to 9334: >:*C bipole being eAplored – Electrical & Structural reDuirements

…contd


20/49

Sept 07, 2004

D namic Thermal 'ating• ine loading depends upon +

– :oltage regulation

– System stability – !hermal limit

• !hermal rating influenced by 7 – 0mbient temperature

– ind velocity

– Solar radiation emissivity etc.

• Based on the dynamic monitoring of eal7timeparameters from time7to7 time increase in capacityby about 13@ feasible


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Sept 07, 2004

Power #low in A& .ine

Line lengt;

P:P -a<

T;ermal limit

'ta(ility limit


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Sept 07, 2004

eries &ompensation

• $nserting capacitive voltage to compensate

for the inductive voltage drop in the line

• educe the effective reactance of thetransmission line

• Series capacitor has self7regulating action

• Enhance line loadability upto its thermal limit

• *efer $nvestment for ne# lines


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Sept 07, 2004

Impact of eries &ompensation

Th ristor &ontrolled eries


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Sept 07, 2004

Th ristor &ontrolled eries&apacitor /T& &0

• *amping electro7mechanicaloscillations – TC'C is "a a(le o$ $ast "ontrol o$

a"ti=e o>er t;ro#g;transmission line

• eatures of damping effect – E$$e"ti=eness o$ TC'C $or

"ontrolling lo> $re?#en"y o>er

s>ings – Dam ing e$$e"t o$ TC'C on an

inter.tie im ro=es system sta(ility – En;an"es line loada(ility

ti f T li


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Sept 07, 2004

-prating of Tr, line

• 0lternate conductor system 7

– $/:0 0CSS Compact conductors etc. have high temp.endurance (233 deg C)

– ith the increase in temperature sag reduces

• $ncrease in thermal capacity to 1.97-.9 p.u over 0CSconductor

• Cost implication + 0bout -371-3@ more over conventional line

• !#in $/:0 in place of Duad 0CS Bersimis for ?334: * c +higher cost offset by savings in structures and specialfoundations in river crossing


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Sept 07, 2004

Emerging TechnologApplication in 1ew s stem

("lti%cond"ctor 2"ndle line


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Sept 07, 2004

("lti%cond"ctor 2"ndle line

• !ripple Duad conductors bundle line $nstead of t#in

conductors enhances po#er transfer capacity by 2.3p.u – /o additional ight7of7 ay reDuired

– ess construction time compared to conventional line

– Suitable for short length #here line loading limited bythermal limits

• ,ulti circuit to#er to enhance Capacity optimise'

• 0pplication in narro# (Chic4en7nec4) area + 15A224ms. for transfer of po#er from various hydro

op on o e) g er


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Sept 07, 2004

op on o e) g er3oltage

1-29353

223193123

?33?33933

869933-933

Economical

voltage(4:)

*istance

(4m)

%o#er transfer

reDuirement (, )

• or transfer of bul4 po#er over long distance #ithintermediate tappings 8694: voltage class adopted to overlaythe vast ?334: net#or4

• ess loss lo#er cost per , per m

745$3 Tr stem


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Sept 07, 2004

745$3 Tr, stem

• Suitable for phase7#ise !ransmissioncapacity development

• /eeds careful attention on $nsulation

*esign eactive %o#er ,anagement and'perational aspects – Large rea"ti=e "om ensation

– -aintain large so#r"e strengt; – C;an"es o$ resonant.o=er=oltages – 'el$.e


30/49

Sept 07, 2004

!3D& stem

• arge Duantum of po#er i.e fe# tens ofthrousands , to be transmitted over fe#thousands of 4ms in neAt 9713 years

• 'ption 7 >igh capacity ">: 0C or *C ?33375333,

• Generation projects implemented in a phased

manner + necessitates modular upgradabledevelopment

!3D& stem


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Sept 07, 2004

!3D& stem

•EAploring ">: *C of ?333 6333 5333,uprated upgradable !r. system

• ong distance 23337-3334ms 6334: >:*C may

not be economical in the long7run

• ,odular development 7 $nitially to be operated at6334: and upgradable to 5334:

• 'ptimisation of investment ' and otherresources

… contd

! I


32/49

Sept 07, 2004

! I.

L

C/2 C/2

• 'IL is go=erned (y @ 'IL A 96 / : √3L:C5

• !or a arti"#lar =oltage le=el,'IL α ): √ L

α √ C

& C depend% upon • Conductor diameter • /o. of sub7conductor in a bundle

• Spacing bet#een sub7conductors #ithin bundle• !o#er configuration

• Spacing bet#een phases• >eight of conductor

! I


33/49

Sept 07, 2004

! I.'IL 3-W5 A 6 2:B

Traditional T:L @ B A Bs . Bm

H'IL Line @ B ABs . Bm

B A Bs . Bm B A Bs . Bm

!o $ncrease S$ of the line7

Hs can be reduced by increase in Bundle SpacingHm can be increased by reducing the %7% distance (%haseCompaction)

…contd

! I


34/49

Sept 07, 2004

! I.#ith *e)rea%e in Pha%e+Pha%e %eparation+

* ! - SI /0' 1# * 2 - SI 2 3 1#

#ith In)rea%e in 4undle Spa)ing+

S '.5 !.' '.5 '.5 SI 2 3 1#

S './ !.' './ './ SI 233 1#

…contd

D1

D2

! I d


35/49

Sept 07, 2004

! I.Sno !o#er Configuration %7% Spacing Bundle

SpacingS$

meter meter ,

) Triang#lar Con$ig.3&5 D)A)/, D/A)/ 7*,)7 , 7*, 7* +8

/ .do. D)A)/, *2I11 7*,)7 , 7*, 7* +8+

.do. D)A)/, *2I13 7*,)7 , 7*, 7* +*+

8 .do. D)A)/, *2I< 7*,)7 , 7*, 7* +2+

* .do. D)A)/, *2I5 7*,)7 , 7*, 7* ++0

2 .do. *1I11 *2I5 7*,)7 , 7*, 7* +00

+ .do. *1I13 *2I5 7*,)7 , 7*, 7* 0

0 .do. *1I< *2I5 7*,)7 , 7*, 7* 0)/

1 .do. *1I5 *2I5 7*,)7 , 7*, 7* 0/2

) .do. *1I5 *2I5 7+,)7 , 7+, 7+ 022

)) .do. *1I5 *2I5 'ymm. 7+ m +**

)/ .do. *1I5 *2I5 'ymm.)7/ m 0*

…contd

! I. d


36/49

Sept 07, 2004

! I.

• >igh Surge $mpedance oading ine (>S$ ) +

– 'ptimise clearances – "se of insulated cross7arms

– /on7symetric disposition of sub7conductors etc.

• Characteristics of >S$ + – Enhanced po#er transfer capacity over the same

corridor

– $mproved voltage regulation on highly stressed !r. line – ,aA. utilisation of '

– educed environmental impact

…contd

! I td


37/49

Sept 07, 2004

! I.

Conventional ?33 4: Juad ,oose ine7

,:0 GenerationI66.9 ,:0 per 133 4m>S$ ine7

,:0 GenerationIS$Conv. Juad

!otal :oltage ise (4:)

…contd

! I contd


38/49

Sept 07, 2004

! I.%o#er lo#7


39/49

Sept 07, 2004

6station &ompaction

• Substation compaction + – imit land use from environmental point of vie#

– Compaction by optimising electrical clearances

– Substation automation + remote control – Gas $nsulated substation

• Substantial savings on land + cost of thesubstation less !r. cost


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Sept 07, 2004

#"t"re Tr, Development

Plan

P.A1 #*' 1ATI*1A. 'ID


41/49

Sept 07, 2004

%hase + 1 + 0lready completed• $nterconnection of egional Grids through >:*C Bac47to7Bac4 lin4s

having cumulative capacity of 9333 ,

%hase + 2 + %artly completed• >ybrid system comprising of high capacity >:*C and >:0C lines

(both 869 4: and ?33 4:)2333, 1?334ms long >:*C bipole bet#een Eastern and

Southern regions + completed & being upgraded to 2933,?334: synchronous interconnections bet#een Eastern and esternregions resulting into synchronous operation of po#er systemhaving 93 333, capacity 7 completed

• ,ost of transmission lines #ould be part of associated transmissionsystem of large siKed generation project.

• Cumulative inter7regional capacity #ould be 2- 333 ,

%hase + - + to be completed by 2312• ing of 869 4: transmission lines inter7connecting E and /• Cumulative capacity #ould be -3 333 ,

P.A1 # 1ATI 1A. ID

1ational rid % Present


42/49

Sept 07, 2004

,0L' $/!E EG$'/0 $/ S7 5333 , C0%C$!


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Sept 07, 2004

Salakati

Bongaigaon

Birpara

Malda

Dehri

Sasaram

Sahupuri

Allahabad North-eastern

Eastern

Northern

Belgaum

Kolhapur

Budhipadar

Rourkela

Korba

Raipur

Auraiya

Malanpur

Western

Southern

Balimela

UpperSileru

Chandrapur

Ramagundam

Jeypore

Gazu aka

Singrauli

!indhya"hal

?334:

2234:2234:

933 ,

933 ,2234:

1333 , 933 , 2234:

?334:

223 4:

2234:

#al"her

Kolar

2933 ,

Gorakhpur$%u"kno

Inter%regional lin$


44/49

Sept 07, 2004

500 MW500 MW1200 MW1200 MW

1000MW1000MW

2000MW2000MW

500 MW500 MW

500 MW500 MW


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Sept 07, 2004

-1I#IED .*AD DE PAT&! 8 &*((-1I&ATI*1&!E(E


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Sept 07, 2004

!o facilitate smooth operation of vast transmission net#or4the eAisting egional oad *espatch & Communicationfacilities are being upgraded and modernised

!o#ards this %' E G $* is implementing " *C schemes in allfive regions #ith state7of7art7 SC0*0 E,S and dedicated

Communication system 7Schemes for Northern, Southern & North Eastern Regionalready completed

Schemes for Eastern and Western regions are under advance

stage of implementation.

Establishment of /ational oad *espatch Centre (/ *C) byinterconnecting all the regions by 2339

(

!IE'A'&!I&A. ET-P *# .*AD DE PAT&!&E1TE'


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Sept 07, 2004

RTU RTU RTU

SUB LDC SUB LDC SUB LDC

SLDC SLDC SLDC

ERLDC

WRLDC NRLDC SRLDC

NERLDC

NLDC

32Nos.

51Nos.

1160Nos.

5 Nos.

NationalLevel

RegionalLevel

State HQLevel

Group /Distt Level

Plant / SubStation Level

&E1TE'

2enefits of 1ational rid


48/49

Sept 07, 2004

Re!u"tion in "apa"it# a!!ition re$uire%ent b# about 1&'50MW hence saving on investment of US $ 12 billion (due to

peak time diversity and saving in spinning reserve)

Saving in operational "ost ( )S * 250 %illion per annu%

+rans%ission ,ig,-a# -oul! enable setting up o. large pit,ea! stations ,aving lo-er "ost o. energ#

Savings on account of this ( US $ 1.95 billion per annum .

Nation s invest%ent to-ar!s .uel transportationin.rastru"ture "oul! be avoi!e!

etter overall ,#!ro t,er%al %i

&oncl"sions


49/49

Sept 07, 2004

%bitious +r3 Develop%ent Planul4 po-er trans.er .ro% resour"e ri", area to long !istan"e loa!

"entres%ple%entation o. ,ig, "apa"it# ,#bri! "o%prising 600478 '9547: an! H7D: +r3 S#ste%

More t,an 508000 "4t3 ;% +r3 Lines an! 90 nos3 o. Substations to be

a!!e! in ne t ' < #ears

+o ensure opti%al !evelop%ent o. +r3 S#ste% %at",ing -it,progressive gro-t, o. generation in !i..erent p,ases (

=%erging te",nologies in e isting s#ste% ( en,an"e%ent o. e isting+r3 in.rastru"ture "apa"it#+e",nolog# integration in .uture +r3 s#ste%

Application of emerging technologies

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