Appendix NPC Productivity 2009

8/7/2019 Appendix NPC Productivity 2009

1/25

APPENDIX


2/25

PRODUCTIVITY REPORT 200914

APPENDIX A

TERMINOLOGY AND DEFINITION

Added Value

Added value measures the wealth generated by collective efforts of those who work in an

enterprise (the employees) and the capital providers (e.g. investors and shareholders).

Added value is different from sales revenue or value of production because it does not

include the wealth created by the suppliers to the enterprise.

Methods Of Added Value Calculation

There are two ways added value can be calculated:

(i) Addition MethodThis is called the wealth distribution method.

Added Value = Labour Cost + Interest + Tax + Depreciation + Prot

It is called wealth distribution because the added value created is used to pay

those who have contributed to its creation in terms of wages & salaries(labour cost)

for the employees, interest and loan for capital providers, taxes to the Government,

depreciation for capital equipment usage and prots to the owner.

(ii) Subtraction MethodThis is called the wealth creation method.

Added Value = Total Output less Bought-In Materials and

Services (BIMS)

In order to produce goods or services, a company has to purchase the necessary

raw materials and other inputs. The difference between the total value of output

and total cost of inputs (all inputs and services bought from another company) is

called added value.

Total Output

It is dened as value of products manufactured (ex-factory value) + value of

construction work done + change in Work-In-Progress (WIP) + capital expenditure

on own construction + income from services rendered + income from sales of goods

purchased in same condition.

1.

2.


3/25


APPENDIXA

2009

Total Input

It is dened as value of materials consumed + value of supplies consumed + cost of

printing + cost of goods sold in same condition + water + electricity + fuels + lubricants

+ supplies + salaries and wages + fees paid to non-working directors + payments

to contractors + payment in kind to paid employees + value of free wearing apparel

+ employers contribution to government funds + payments for industrial work done

by others + payments for non-industrial services + interest charges + depreciation +indirect taxes.

Labour Cost

It is dened as payments in the form of gross salary and wages, bonuses, and other cash

allowances paid to employees + salaries, allowances, fees, bonuses and commissions

paid to working directors + fees paid to non-working directors for their attendance at

the Board of Directorsmeetings + payments in kind to paid employees + value of free

wearing apparel provided + employers contribution to government funds.

Bought-In Materials and Services (BIMS)It is dened as Bought-In Materials plus Bought-In Services, where Bought-In Materials

is the value of materials consumed in production (including transport charges incurred

and taxes and duties paid on the materials); while Bought-In Services is the value

of supplies consumed such as packaging materials,consumable stores (including

stationery and ofce supplies, materials for repairs and maintenance) + cost of printing

+ lubricants + cost of goods sold in same condition as purchases + water + electricity

+ fuels + payments to contractors + payments for industrial work done by others +

supplies + payments for non-industrial services.

Total Factor Productivity (TFP)TFP measures the efciency of the utilisation of both capital and human resources. It

is also regarded as a measure of the degree of technological advancement associated

with economic growth. Higher TFP growth indicates efcient utilisation and management

of resources, materials and inputs necessary for the production of goods and services.

At the national level, Total Factor Productivity (TFP) growth reects the portion of the

growth in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) that is not explained by the growth in

inputs such as employment, capital investment and natural resources.

At the rm level, TFP growth implies the upgrading of skilled and technical manpower,application of technology and creation of new technologies, adoption of best

management practices and developing corporate culture and work ethics.

3.

4.

5.

6.


4/25

PRODUCTIVITY REPORT 2009 14

2

Productivity Indicators

7.1 Labour Cost Competitiveness

7.2 Labour Productivity

7.3 Capital Productivity

7.4 Capital Intensity

7.5 Process Efciency

7.6 Added Value Content

Labour Cost Competitiveness

Competitiveness in terms of labour cost indicates the comparability of the industry

in producing products or services at the lower possible labour cost. Three

competitiveness ratios, which include Added Value per Labour Cost, Labour Cost

per Employee and Unit Labour Cost are described below.

7.

1.

2.

3.

7.1

RATIO UNIT WHAT IT TELLS

Added Value

per Labour Cost

= Added Value

Labour Cost

Labour Cost perEmployee

=

Unit Labour Cost

=

This ratio indicates how

competitive the enterprise is in

terms of labour cost.

A low ratio indicates high labour

cost which does not

commensurate with added value

creation.

This ratio measures the averageremuneration per employee.

A high ratio means high returns to

individual workers and vice-versa.

This ratio indicates the propotion

of labour cost to total output.

A high ratio indicates high labour

cost. This could be due to labourshortage and lack of skilled

labour, or poor labour mix. It

could also be due to high labour

turnover.

Pure Number

Pure Number

RM

Labour Cost

Number of Employees

Labour Cost

Total Output


5/25


APPENDIXA

2009

Labour Productivity

It can be used as one of the ways of gauging the productivity performance of the

industry. The commonly used indicator is added value per employee.

1.

2.

7.2

RATIO UNIT WHAT IT TELLS

Added Value

per Employee

=

Total Output per

Employee

=

Reects the amount of wealth

per employee created by

the company, relative to the

number of employees it has. It is

inuenced by:

- Management efciency

- Work attitudes

- Price effects

- Demand for the products

A high ratio indicates thefavourable effects of labour factor

in the wealth creation process.

A low ratio means unfavourable

working procedures such as:

- High bought-in materials and

services

- Wastages of time and materials

- Inadequate salary/wages rates

The size of output generated by

employee each employee of the

enterprise.

Give an indication of efciency

and/or marketing capability.

A high ratio reects a good

marketing strategy adopted by

the enterprise.

A low ratio indicates:

- Deliberate business policy of

having low turnover but high

prot margin/added value.

- Low product proles and

quality.

RM

RM

Added Value

Number of Employees

Total Output

Number of Employees


6/25


2

Capital Productivity

Capital productivity indicates the degree of utilisation of xed assets and their

efciency with which assets are utilised. It is dened as added value generated per

ringgit of xed assets. High ratio indicates better performance of enterprise.

Capital Intensity

Capital intensity is the ratio measuring the amount of xed assets allocated

to each employee. It is also known as xed assets per employee or simply

capital-to-labour ratio. This ratio is used to measure whether an industry is

relatively capital-intensive or labour-intensive.

7.3

7.4

RATIO

RATIO

UNIT

UNIT

WHAT IT TELLS

WHAT IT TELLS

Added Value

per Fixed Assets

=

Fixed Assets

per Employee

=

Indicates the degree of utilisation

of tangible xed assets.

A high ratio indicates the

efciency of assets utilisation.

A low ratio reects poor assets.

This ratio indicates whether an

enterprise adopts a capital-

intensive

or labour-intensive policy.

A high ratio indicates the high

capital intensity.

A low ratio means:

- Dependence on labour-intensive methods

- Low technological inputs

Pure Number

RM

Added Value

Fixed Assets

Fixed Assets

Number of Employees


7/25


APPENDIXA

2009

Process Efciency

Process Efciency measures how efcient the business utilises its own resources

namely labour, plant and machinery and capital to generate added value and

minimise the bought-in materials and services.

Process Efciency

The level of productivity of an enterprise can also be assessed by analysing at the

major components of added value and total output.

7.5

7.6

RATIO

RATIO

UNIT

UNIT

WHAT IT TELLS

WHAT IT TELLS

Process Efciency

=

Added Value Content

=

This ratio indicates the efciency

and effectiveness of the process,

which is normally affected by

production techniques used,

technological innovation,

managerial and labour skills.

A high ratio indicates an efcient

and effective process system andvice-versa.

This ratio can be used to gauge

the degree of utilisation of

bought-in materials and services

and changes in the price

differentials between products

and purchases.

A high ratio indicates efcient

usage of purchase or favourableprice differentials.

A low ratio means:

- High costs of bought-in

materials and services

- Poor products quality

- Low price competition

Pure Number

Percent

Added Value

[(Total Input) -

(Bought-in Materials

and Services)]

Added Value

Total Output

x 100


8/25


APPENDIX B

DERIVING THE SOURCES OF LONG-TERMECONOMIC AND PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH

SOURCES OF LONG-TERM ECONOMIC GROWTH

A production function is used to compute the sources of economic and productivity

growth:

Q = f( K,L ) (1)

where

Q = Output or GDP

K = Capital

L = Number of workers

By including a time variable (due to technical progress), the resulting shifts of the

production can be represented by:

Qt = f( Kt , Lt , t ) (2)

thus implying that the same input quantities yield a different output at different points of

time.

Assuming that technical progress is both neutral and disembodied (Solow, 1957), the

production function (2) can be expressed as:Qt = A(t ) . f( Kt , Lt ) (3)

where

Qt , Kt and Lt = output and factor inputs during period t

A(t ) = technical progress or TFP as a function of time

Differentiating (3) with respect to time and denoting the derivatives by putting a dot over

the variable, hence

dQ/dt = Q we have

Q = A . f ( Kt , Lt ) + A . f . K + A . f . L (4)

K L

Dividing throughout by Q leads to an expression for the proportionate rate of change in

output:

Q = A . f( Kt , Lt )/Q + A . f . K + A . f . L (5)

Q K Q L Q


9/25


APPENDIXB

2009

Q = A . f (Kt, L

t)/Q + A . f . K . K + A . f . L . L (6)

Q K Q K L Q L

Solow (1957) assumed that factors are paid the value of their marginal products under

competitive equilibrium conditions, so that

Q = A. f = r

K K p

Q = A. f = w

L L p

where

p = prices of output

r = prices of capital inputs

w = prices of labour inputs

Q = A + r K . K + wL . L (7)

Q A pQ K pQ L

In Solows notation, the shares of capital and labour are denoted by wK= r.K/p.Q and

wL = w.L/p.Q respectively, thus with this assumption the equation (7) becomes:

Q/Q = A/A + wK

. K/K + wL

. L/L (8)

Further, assuming constant returns to scale, where percentage change in inputs leads to

the same percentage change in output, the following holds:

wK + wL = 1

Therefore equation (8) becomes:

Q/Q = A/A + wK

. K/K + ( 1- wK

) . L/L (9)

where

Q/Q = Proportionate rate of change of output

.

A/A = Proportionate rate of change of technical progress of TFP

.

K/K = Proportionate rate of change of capital

.L/L = Proportionate rate of change of labour


10/25


2

SOURCES OF LONG-TERM PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH

Subtracting L/L from both sides of equation (9) to express the equation in terms of

productivity:

Q/Q - L/L = A/A + wK

. K/K + ( 1 - wK

) . L/L - L/L

Q/Q - L/L = A/A + wK . ( K/K - L/L )

Therefore

q/q = A/A + wK

. k/k (10)

where

q/q = Q/Q - L/L = Proportionate rate of change of productivity

A/A = Proportionate rate of change of technical progress or TFP

k/k = K/K - L/L = Proportionate rate of change of capital to labour ratio

Equation (10) denotes that changes in productivity over time are therefore the result of

neutral technical progress (or TFP) and of increases in capital to labour ratio (capital

intensity).

SOURCES OF LONG-TERM ECONOMIC GROWTH EXPRESSED IN TERMS OF

PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH

Subtracting (10) from (9) to derive the relation between economic growth and

productivity growth

Q/Q - q/q = wK . K/K + ( 1 - wK ) . L/L - wK . k/k

= wK . K/K + L/L - wK . L/L - wK . k/k

= wK . k/k + L/L - wK . k/k

= L/L


11/25


APPENDIXB

2009

Therefore

Q/Q = q/q + L/L (11)

where

Q/Q = Proportionate rate of change of output

q/q = Proportionate rate of change of productivity

L/L = Proportionate rate of change of labour

Alternatively, equation (11) can be written as:

Q/Q = A/A + wK . k/k + L/L (12)

Equation (11) expresses economic growth in terms of productivity growth and an increase

in labour input (employment expansion), while that of equation (12) expresses it in terms

of TFP growth and an increase in labour and capital inputs.


12/25


Code

D

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

Sub- Sectors

Manufacturing

Food Products and

Beverages

Tobacco Products

Textiles

Wearing Apparel;

Dressing and dyeing

of Fur

Tanning and

Dressing of Leather;

Manufacture

of Luggage,

Handbags,

Saddlery, Harness

and Footwear

Wood and Products

of Wood and Cork,

Except Furniture;

Manufacture of

Articles of Straw and

Plaiting Materials

Paper and Paper

Products

Publishing, Printing

and Reproduction of

Recorded Media

Coke, Rened

Petroleum Products

and Nuclear Fuel

Chemicals and

Chemical Products

Rubber and Plastic

Products

Other Non- Metallic

Mineral Products

Basic Metals

Fabricated Metal

Products, Except

Machinery and

Equipment

Machinery andEquipment n.e.c.

Ofce, Accounting

and Computing

Machinery

Electrical Machinery

and Apparatus n.e.c.

Total

Output

(RM Million)

585,152

56,299

1,595

7,943

4,453

429

5,079

9,881

6,052

28,000

53,755

29,179

11,103

25,955

14,285

13,425

107,809

15,548

Share of

Total

Output (%)

100.00

9.62

0.27

1.36

0.76

0.07

0.87

1.69

1.03

4.79

9.19

4.99

1.90

4.44

2.44

2.29

18.42

2.66

Added

Value

(RM Million)

110,020

8,965

332

1,512

1,011

92

1,334

1,886

2,276

2,107

13,167

6,164

3,800

5,167

4,607

2,935

8,813

4,010

Share of

Added

Value (%)

100.00

8.15

0.30

1.37

0.92

0.08

1.21

1.71

2.07

1.92

11.97

5.60

3.45

4.70

4.19

2.67

8.01

3.64

Number

of

Employee

1,363,801

98,271

10,321

31,790

54,667

6,724

39,549

33,544

31,868

3,651

52,837

174,630

46,106

38,133

60,518

41,733

96,100

57,022

Share

of

Employee (%)

100.00

7.21

0.76

2.33

4.01

0.49

2.90

2.46

2.34

0.27

3.87

12.80

3.38

2.80

4.44

3.06

7.05

4.18

Labour

Cost

(RM Million)

36,045

2,377

176

542

780

120

779

800

1,058

212

2,432

3,701

1,249

1,329

1,510

1,554

3,206

1,494

Share of

Labour

Cost (%)

100.00

6.59

0.49

1.50

2.16

0.33

2.16

2.22

2.93

0.59

6.75

10.27

3.46

3.69

4.19

4.31

8.89

4.15

APPENDIX C

THE CONTRIBUTION BY SUB - SECTORS, 2009


13/25


APPENDIXC

2009

Code

32

33

34

35

36

37

Sub- Sectors

Radio, Television

and Communication

Equipment and

ApparatusMedical, precision

and Optical

Instruments,

Watches and Clocks

Motor Vehicles,

Trailers and Semi-

Trailers

Other Transport

Equipment

Furniture;

Manufacturing n.e.c

Recycling

Total

Output

(RM Million)

151,026

4,077

18,436

6,295

14,410

117

Share of

Total

Output (%)

25.81

0.70

3.15

1.08

2.46

0.02

Added

Value

(RM Million)

32,199

1,155

3,690

1,896

2,889

12

Share of

Added

Value (%)

29.27

1.05

3.35

1.72

2.63

0.01

Number

of

Employee

294,747

20,117

48,294

28,080

94,793

307

Share

of

Employee (%)

21.61

1.48

3.54

2.06

6.95

0.02

Labour

Cost

(RM Million)

8,144

512

1,395

1,048

1,615

12

Share of

Labour

Cost (%)

22.59

1.42

3.87

2.91

4.48

0.03


14/25


Code

D

15

151

15111

15119

15120

15131

15139

15142

15143

15144

15149

152

15201

15202

153

15311

15312

15319

15322

Sub- Sectors

Manufacturing

MANUFACTURE OF

FOOD PRODUCTS AND

BEVERAGES

Production, Processing andPreservation of Meat, Fish,

Fruit, Vegetables, Oils and

Fats

Processing and preserving

of poultry and poultry

products

Production, processing and

preserving of other meat

products

Processing and preserving

of sh and sh products

Pineapple canning

Canning and preserving of

other fruits and vegetables

Manufacture of crude palmoil

Manufacture of rened

palm oil

Manufacture of palm kernel

oil

Manufacture of other

vegetable and animal oils

and fats

Manufacture of Dairy

Products

Manufacture of condensed,

powdered and evaporated

milk

Rice milling

Manufacture of Grain Mill

Products, Starches and

Starch Products, and

Prepared Animal Feeds

Flour milling

Manufacture of other our /

grain mill products

Manufacture of glucose and

glucose syrup, maltose

Manufacture of sago and

tapioca our / products

Fixed Assets

per

Employee

(RM)

95,642

103,067

86,223

47,826

6,192

12,050

13,142

4,761

45,020

169,346

748,451

225,246

197,129

11,610

230,232

151,995

46,495

367,960

8,397

29,496

Added Value

per

Employee

(RM)

80,671

91,228

83,896

44,779

56,783

35,634

41,334

24,519

110,884

49,877

119,980

107,243

124,174

44,200

138,445

186,681

161,253

205,903

42,930

152,794

Labour Cost

per

Employee

(RM)

26,429

24,185

21,400

29,778

23,407

14,308

20,885

14,553

17,533

44,205

33,729

38,252

42,288

25,408

45,300

33,600

21,508

44,424

17,367

41,592

Unit Labour

Cost

(Pure Number)

0.0616

0.0422

0.0249

0.0708

0.0679

0.0928

0.2004

0.2701

0.0224

0.0138

0.0116

0.0271

0.0577

0.1312

0.0547

0.0417

0.0376

0.0475

0.1189

0.0975

Added Value

per

Fixed Asset

(Pure Number)

0.8435

0.8851

0.9730

0.9363

9.1707

2.9572

3.1451

5.1496

2.4630

0.2945

0.1603

0.4761

0.6299

3.8072

0.6013

1.2282

3.4682

0.5596

5.1124

5.1801

APPENDIX D

PRODUCTIVITY INDICATORS -MANUFACTURING SECTOR, 2009


15/25


APPENDIXD

2009

Code

15323

15330

154

15411

15412

15420

15431

15432

15440

15491

15492

15493

15494

15495

15496

15497

15499

155

15510

15541

15542

16

160

16000

17

171

17111

17112

17121

17122

172

17210

Sub- Sectors

Manufacture of other starch

products

Manufacture of preparedanimal feeds

Manufacture of Other Food

Products

Manufacture of biscuits and

cookies

Manufacture of bread, cake

and other bakery products

Manufacture of sugar

Manufacture of cocoa

products

Manufacture of chocolate

products and sugar

confectionery

Manufacture of macaroni,

noodles and similarproducts

Manufacture of ice

Manufacture of coffee

Manufacture of tea

Manufacture of spices and

curry powder

Manufacture of nut and nut

products

Manufacture of sauces

including avouring extracts

Manufacture of snack

Manufacture of other food

products

Manufacture Of Beverages

Distilling, rectifying andblending of spirits

Manufacture of soft drinks

Production of mineral

waters

MANUFACTURE OF

TOBACCO PRODUCTS

Manufacture of Tobacco

Products

Manufacture of tobacco

products

MANUFACTURE OF

TEXTILES

Spinning, Weaving and

Finishing of Textiles

Natural bre spinning;weaving of textiles

Man-made bre spinning;

weaving of textiles

Dyeing, bleaching, printing

and nishing of yarns and

fabrics (excluding batek)

Batek making

Manufacture of Other

Textiles

Manufacture of made-

up textile articles except

apparel

Fixed Assets

per

Employee

(RM)

126,473

39,689

69,406

44,663

45,803

80,308

59,466

51,462

17,958

23,374

31,273

2,678

24,557

12,308

1,742,879

114,793

48,275

341,033

3,156

442,009

106,607

69,647

69,647

69,647

194,089

274,906

39,207

176,082

89,258

7,155,181

41,759

10,358

Added Value

per

Employee

(RM)

25,497

216,850

75,301

25,096

30,272

150,083

160,936

88,839

49,177

36,573

61,362

60,819

66,654

41,767

260,750

50,657

168,082

121,090

90,586

151,383

29,867

32,202

32,202

32,202

47,548

44,889

24,214

39,643

88,994

14,993

77,542

86,880

Labour Cost

per

Employee

(RM)

19,649

31,811

21,170

14,447

12,493

50,648

51,755

22,196

14,010

22,257

20,098

14,968

19,902

9,879

82,180

19,959

26,767

38,901

19,499

48,523

12,790

17,006

17,006

17,006

17,053

17,151

22,565

12,669

20,813

6,738

17,288

13,702

Unit Labour

Cost

(Pure Number)

0.1354

0.0326

0.0790

0.1716

0.0959

0.0477

0.0315

0.0935

0.1319

0.4704

0.1285

0.0582

0.0962

0.0676

0.0967

0.0915

0.0644

0.0664

0.0583

0.0654

0.0895

0.1100

0.1100

0.1100

0.0683

0.0571

0.1066

0.0310

0.1047

0.0532

0.0931

0.1168

Added Value

per

Fixed Asset

(Pure Number)

0.2016

5.4637

1.0849

0.5619

0.6609

1.8689

2.7064

1.7263

2.7384

1.5647

1.9621

22.7104

2.7143

3.3934

0.1496

0.4413

3.4817

0.3551

28.7020

0.3425

0.2802

0.4624

0.4624

0.4624

0.2450

0.1633

0.6176

0.2251

0.9970

0.0021

1.8569

8.3873


16/25


2

Code

17220

17230

17291

17299

173

17300

18

181

18101

18102

18109

19

191

19110

19120

192

19200

20

201

20100

202

Sub- Sectors

Manufacture of carpets and

rugs

Manufacture of cordage,rope, twine and netting

Handicraft spinning and

weaving


textiles n.e.c

Manufacture of Knitted and

Crocheted Fabrics and

Articles

Manufacture of knitted

and crocheted fabrics and

articles

MANUFACTURE OF

WEARING APPAREL;

DRESSING AND DYEING

OF FURManufacture of Wearing

Apparel, Except Fur Apparel

Manufacture of clothings

Custom tailoring and

dressmaking

Manufacture of

miscellaneous wearing

apparel n.e.c

TANNING AND

DRESSING OF LEATHER;

MANUFACTURE OF

LUGGAGE, HANDBAGS,

SADDLERY, HARNESS

AND FOOTWEAR

Tanning and Dressingof Leather; Manufacture

of Luggage, Handbags,

Saddlery and Harness

Tanning and dressing of

leather

Manufacture of luggage,

handbags and the like,

saddlery and harness

of leather and leather

substitutes

Manufacture of Footwear

Manufacture of footwear

MANUFACTURE OF

WOOD AND PRODUCTS

OF WOOD AND CORK,EXCEPT FURNITURE;

MANUFACTURE OF

ARTICLES OF STRAW

AND PLAITING

MATERIALS

Sawmilling and Planing of

Wood

Sawmilling and planning of

Wood

Manufacture of Products

of Wood, Cork, Straw and

Plaiting Materials

Added Value

per

Employee

(RM)

55,051

131,393

52,955

46,625

41,222

41,222

18,488

18,488

17,210

20,828

37,969

13,644

7,518

13,282

7,000

15,647

15,647

33,726

27,848

27,848

37,675

Labour Cost

per

Employee

(RM)

22,245

15,027

19,086

19,969

16,714

16,714

14,263

14,263

14,157

10,960

17,575

17,811

14,985

16,139

14,881

18,735

18,735

19,691

18,776

18,776

20,305

Unit Labour

Cost

(Pure Number)

0.0863

0.0918

0.1582

0.0788

0.1084

0.1084

0.1751

0.1751

0.1743

0.2342

0.1723

0.2793

0.1869

0.0374

0.3061

0.3208

0.3208

0.1533

0.1536

0.1536

0.1532

Added Value

per

Fixed Asset

(Pure Number)

0.6800

3.5937

1.6436

0.7707

0.6601

0.6601

1.9012

1.9012

2.2464

39.9535

0.7996

1.2683

0.6462

0.8350

0.6222

1.4943

1.4943

1.5617

2.9171

2.9171

1.2689

Fixed Assets

per

Employee

(RM)

80,962

36,562

32,219

60,500

62,445

62,445

9,724

9,724

7,661

521

47,484

10,758

11,635

15,908

11,251

10,471

10,471

21,595

9,547

9,547

29,692


17/25


APPENDIXD

2009

Code

20211

20212

20220

20230

20291

20299

21

210

21010

21020

21091

21092

21093

21095

21096

21097

21099

22

221

22110

22120

22130

Sub- Sectors

Manufacture of veneer

sheets and plywood

Manufacture of laminboard,particle board and other

panels and board.

Manufacture of builders

carpentry and joinery

Manufacture of wooden

and cane containers

Manufacture of charcoal


products of wood, cane,

articles of cork, straw

and plaiting materials

MANUFACTURE OF

PAPER AND PAPER

PRODUCTS

Manufacture of Paper andPaper Products

Manufacture of pulp, paper

and paperboard

Manufacture of corrugated

paper and paperboard and

containers of paper and

paperboard

Manufacture of carbon

papers

Manufacture of

envelopes, letter cards,

correspondence cards or

plain postcards

Manufacture of toilet

papers, cleansing tissues,towels, serviettes

Manufacture of sanitary

towels and tampons

disposable napkins and

napkin liners for babies

Manufacture of gummed or

adhesive paper in strips or

rolls and labels, wall paper

Manufacture of efgies,

funeral paper goods, joss

papers


articles of paper and

paperboard, n.e.c. (e.g.

cigarette papers andChinese lanterns)

PUBLISHING, PRINTING

AND REPRODUCTION OF

RECORDED MEDIA

Publishing

Publishing of books,

brochures, musical books

and other publications

Publishing of newspapers,

journals and periodicals

Publishing of recorded

media

Added Value

per

Employee

(RM)

20,309

79,661

39,444

27,618

36,761

36,116

56,218

56,218

81,063

53,612

25,121

24,636

51,625

52,254

58,394

13,929

25,220

71,428

91,769

65,635

33,711

61,126

Labour Cost

per

Employee

(RM)

16,159

31,207

21,117

16,678

18,854

18,640

23,864

23,864

34,013

18,372

24,821

33,057

25,099

19,231

31,982

14,478

37,891

33,190

42,872

29,596

50,641

20,170

Unit Labour

Cost

(Pure Number

0.1700

0.1259

0.1440

0.1706

0.2615

0.1935

0.0810

0.0810

0.0951

0.0637

0.0869

0.1364

0.1077

0.0570

0.1050

0.0804

0.1262

0.1748

0.1680

0.1488

0.1894

0.1112

Added Value

per

Fixed Asset

(Pure Number)

1.5147

0.6452

1.8612

3.4392

3.6668

4.6688

0.4054

0.4054

0.2248

0.6964

0.1366

0.4453

0.5619

0.7544

0.2907

1.8428

0.1718

0.3195

0.2056

1.0531

0.0282

0.3690

Fixed Assets

per

Employee

(RM)

13,408

123,476

21,192

8,030

10,026

7,736

138,659

138,659

360,644

76,988

183,952

55,329

91,878

69,268

200,892

7,559

146,799

223,534

446,410

62,326

1,196,499

165,640


18/25


2

Code

22190

222

22210

22220

23

232

23200

24

241

24111

24119

24120

24130

242

24210

24221

24222

24230

24240

24290

25

251

25111

Sub- Sectors

Other publishing

Printing and Service

Activities Related to PrintingPrinting

Service activities related to

printing

MANUFACTURE OF

COKE, REFINED

PETROLEUM PRODUCTS

AND NUCLEAR FUEL

Manufacture of Rened

Petroleum Products

Manufacture of rened

petroleum products(2)

MANUFACTURE OF

CHEMICALS AND

CHEMICAL PRODUCTS

Manufacture of BasicChemicals

Manufacture of industrial

gases, whether

compressed, liqueed or in

solid state

Manufacture of other basic

industrial chemicals except

fertilizers and nitrogen

compounds

Manufacture of fertilizers

and nitrogen compounds

Manufacture of plastics

in primary forms and of

synthetic rubber

Manufacture of OtherChemical Products

Manufacture of pesticides

and other agrochemical

products

Manufacture of paints,

varnishes and similar

coatings and mastics

Manufacture of printing ink

Manufacture of

pharmaceuticals, medicinal

chemicals and botanical

products

Manufacture of soap and

detergents, cleaning and

polishing preparations,perfumes and toilet

preparations


chemical products n.e.c.

MANUFACTURE OF

RUBBER AND PLASTIC

PRODUCTS

Manufacture of Rubber

Products

Manufacture of rubber tyres

and tubes

Added Value

per

Employee

(RM)

155,931

56,175

46,076

63,600

577,192

577,192

577,192

249,197

371,011

1,137,459

222,325

210,488

289,832

135,680

92,440

121,415

129,423

59,937

149,565

278,699

35,298

51,884

45,607

Labour Cost

per

Employee

(RM)

45,606

25,930

22,123

28,728

58,135

58,135

58,135

46,032

59,613

69,712

67,105

52,376

48,688

33,376

26,118

42,034

51,778

20,991

25,860

48,785

21,196

21,008

29,347

Unit Labour

Cost

(Pure Number)

0.1615

0.1839

0.1705

0.1924

0.0076

0.0076

0.0076

0.0452

0.0357

0.0259

0.0444

0.0408

0.0315

0.0819

0.0587

0.0954

0.1069

0.1684

0.0501

0.0672

0.1269

0.0965

0.1130

Added Value

per

Fixed Asset

(Pure Number)

1.9258

0.9956

0.5166

1.9672

0.1521

0.1521

0.1521

0.3859

0.3782

0.3733

0.4651

1.1876

0.3113

0.4069

3.2571

11.7327

7.3279

6.5231

1.1655

0.1915

0.8548

1.2986

0.5400

Fixed Assets

per

Employee

(RM)

80,969

56,421

89,194

32,330

3,794,007

3,794,007

3,794,007

645,829

981,009

3,047,421

477,972

177,237

931,076

333,480

28,381

10,348

17,662

9,188

128,325

1,455,593

41,294

39,953

84,463


19/25


APPENDIXD

2009

Code

25112

25191

25192

25193

25199

252

25201

25202

25203

25204

25205

25206

25209

26

261

26100

269

26910

26920

26930

26941

26942

26951

26959

26960

26990

27

Sub- Sectors

Retreading and rebuilding

of rubber tyres

Rubber remilling and latexprocessing

Rubber smokehouses

Manufacture of rubber

gloves

Manufacture of other rubber

products, n.e.c

Manufacture of Plastic

Products

Manufacture of plastic blow

moulded products

Manufacture of plastic

extruded products

Manufacture of plastic bags

and lms

Manufacture of plasticproduct rigid bre reinforced

Manufacture of plastic foam

products

Manufacture of plastic

injection moulded

components

Manufacture of other plastic

products n.e.c

MANUFACTURE OF

OTHER NON- METALLIC

MINERAL PRODUCTS

Manufacture of Glass and

Glass Products

Manufacture of glass and

glass productsManufacture of Non-

Metallic Mineral Products

n.e.c.

Manufacture of non-

structural non-refractory

ceramic ware

Manufacture of refractory

ceramic products

Manufacture of structural

non-refractory clay and

ceramic products

Manufacture of hydraulic

cement

Manufacture of lime and

plasterManufacture of ready-mix

concrete


articles of concrete, cement

and plaster

Cutting, shaping and

nishing of stone

Manufacture of other non-

metallic mineral products,

n.e.c

MANUFACTURE OF

BASIC METALS

Added Value

per

Employee

(RM)

88,517

74,775

60,043

58,193

35,791

26,876

35,901

29,071

18,216

23,719

45,465

29,314

25,475

82,421

110,078

110,078

76,105

29,097

66,745

29,947

348,197

49,436

80,625

71,179

47,369

64,956

135,491

Labour Cost

per

Employee

(RM)

25,858

20,934

10,227

18,441

21,796

21,291

22,177

25,900

24,152

20,979

18,415

22,510

18,877

27,080

30,067

30,067

26,397

17,936

24,591

23,446

60,824

23,865

33,090

21,871

18,443

31,400

34,843

Unit Labour

Cost

(Pure Number)

0.1060

0.0217

0.0566

0.1159

0.1818

0.1505

0.1855

0.1207

0.1259

0.2555

0.1460

0.1520

0.1642

0.1125

0.0904

0.0904

0.1201

0.2758

0.1766

0.2624

0.0644

0.1148

0.0682

0.1080

0.1412

0.1631

0.0512

Added Value

per

Fixed Asset

(Pure Number

1.1627

1.7860

49.8563

1.4695

1.4730

0.6403

1.4854

0.2343

0.2941

4.5419

0.8130

0.4344

1.4562

0.5162

0.4871

0.4871

0.5266

1.3140

0.5755

0.6479

0.2932

2.0208

6.6765

3.2998

0.9980

0.6554

0.8205

Fixed Assets

per

Employee

(RM)

76,130

41,866

1,204

39,600

24,299

41,975

24,169

124,094

61,933

5,222

55,923

67,485

17,494

159,674

225,991

225,991

144,528

22,144

115,988

46,225

1,187,691

24,463

12,076

21,571

47,466

99,107

165,130


20/25


2

Sub- Sectors

Manufacture of Basic Iron

and Steel

Manufacture of basic ironand steel products

Manufacture of Basic

Precious and Non-Ferrous

Metals

Manufacture of other basic

precious and non-ferrous

metals

Casting of Metals

Casting of iron and steel

Casting of non-ferrous

metals

MANUFACTURE OF

FABRICATED METAL

PRODUCTS, EXCEPT

MACHINERY ANDEQUIPMENT

Manufacture of Structural

Metal Products, Tanks,

Reservoirs and Steam

Generators

Manufacture of structural

metal products

Manufacture of tanks,

reservoirs and containers

of metal


Fabricated Metal Products;

Metal Working Service

Activities

Forging, pressing, stampingand roll-forming metal;

powder metallurgy

Treatment and coating of

metals, general mechanical

engineering on a fee or

contract basis

Manufacture of cutlery,

hand tools and general

hardware

Manufacture of tin cans and

metal boxes

Manufacture of wire,

wire products and metal

fasteners

Manufacture of brass,copper, pewter and

aluminium products


fabricated metal products

n.e.c.

MANUFACTURE OF

MACHINERY AND

EQUIPMENT N.E.C.

Manufacture of General

Purpose Machinery

Code

271

27100

272

27209

273

27310

27320

28

281

28110

28120

289

28910

28920

28930

28991

28992

28993

28999

29

291

Added Value

per

Employee

(RM)

147,039

147,039

154,972

154,972

80,473

85,184

61,739

76,132

87,627

90,392

71,883

72,581

34,330

66,156

60,608

117,342

91,548

85,514

45,485

70,318

80,522

Labour Cost

per

Employee

(RM)

36,119

36,119

37,522

37,522

28,034

27,909

28,529

24,948

25,389

23,592

35,616

24,811

21,102

23,972

22,501

36,949

25,963

26,187

19,984

37,239

38,614

Unit Labour

Cost

(Pure Number)

0.0478

0.0478

0.0476

0.0476

0.0804

0.0763

0.1013

0.1057

0.1002

0.0982

0.1085

0.1075

0.1740

0.1029

0.1417

0.0997

0.0826

0.0963

0.1700

0.1158

0.1118

Added Value

per

Fixed Asset

(Pure Number)

0.7721

0.7721

0.7735

0.7735

1.4673

1.4080

1.9084

2.2608

2.7444

3.5525

1.0441

2.1214

1.8825

1.3169

1.3225

2.9634

1.9324

2.7248

1.9917

1.2968

1.0173

Fixed Assets

per

Employee

(RM)

190,449

190,449

200,363

200,363

54,844

60,500

32,352

33,674

31,929

25,445

68,850

34,213

18,236

50,238

45,827

39,597

47,375

31,383

22,838

54,225

79,151


21/25


APPENDIXD

2009

Sub- Sectors

Manufacture of engines

and turbines except aircraft,

vehicle and cycle enginesManufacture of pumps,

compressors, taps and

valves

Manufacture of bearings,

gears, gearing and driving

elements

Manufacture of ovens,

furnaces and furnace

burners

Manufacture of lifting

and handling equipment

Manufacture of air-

conditioning, refrigerating

and ventilating machinery

Manufacture of othergeneral purpose machinery

n.e.c

Manufacture of Special

Purpose Machinery

Manufacture of agricultural

and forestry machinery

Manufacture of machine

tools

Manufacture of machinery

for metallurgy


for mining, quarrying and

construction


for food, beverage andtobacco processing


for textile, apparel and

leather production

Manufacture of weapons

and ammunition


special purpose machinery

n.e.c.

Manufacture of Domestic

Appliances n.e.c.

Manufacture of domestic

appliances n.e.c.

MANUFACTURE OF

OFFICE, ACCOUNTINGAND COMPUTING

MACHINERY

Manufacture of Ofce,

Accounting and Computing

Machinery

Manufacture of ofce and

accounting machinery

Manufacture of computers

and computer peripherals

MANUFACTURE OF

ELECTRICAL MACHINERY

AND APPARATUS N.E.C.

Code

29110

29120

29130

29140

29150

29191

29199

292

29210

29220

29230

29240

29250

29260

29270

29290

293

29300

30

300

30001

30002

31

Added Value

per

Employee

(RM)

28,387

87,835

61,155

34,379

45,906

111,344

31,708

67,329

53,617

65,536

20,371

127,324

50,789

71,317

28,409

57,926

43,096

43,096

91,710

91,710

35,761

95,637

70,325

Labour Cost

per

Employee

(RM)

25,930

38,384

32,208

23,315

34,198

47,548

25,073

36,554

36,433

35,650

38,329

41,654

35,878

23,181

22,773

43,396

34,390

34,390

33,360

33,360

22,932

34,092

26,205

Unit Labour

Cost

(Pure Number)

0.1749

0.0866

0.1500

0.1702

0.1997

0.1078

0.1589

0.1378

0.1842

0.1407

0.1294

0.0847

0.1798

0.0610

0.5370

0.1742

0.0854

0.0854

0.0297

0.0297

0.0538

0.0291

0.0961

Added Value

per

Fixed Asset

(Pure Number)

1.3760

2.0774

0.2281

8.2676

3.3383

1.3129

0.9695

2.3656

12.4420

2.4846

2.5264

1.3855

1.4292

2.5557

18.4595

4.2450

1.0442

1.0442

4.2425

4.2425

3.7122

4.2585

0.9939

Fixed Assets

per

Employee

(RM)

20,631

42,281

268,147

4,158

13,751

84,805

32,704

28,462

4,309

26,377

8,063

91,900

35,536

27,905

1,539

13,646

41,273

41,273

21,617

21,617

9,633

22,458

70,759


22/25


2

Sub- Sectors

Manufacture of Electrical

Motors, Generators and

TransformersManufacture of electric

motors, generators and

transformers

Manufacture of Electricity

Distribution, And Control

Apparatus

Manufacture of electricity

distribution and control

apparatus

Manufacture of Insulated

Wire and Cable

Manufacture of

telecommunication cables

and wires

Manufacture of electricpower cables and wires


insulated wires and cables,

n.e.c.

Manufacture of

Accumulators, Primary

Cells and Primary

Batteries

Manufacture of

accumulators, primary cells

and primary batteries

Manufacture of Electric

Lamps and Lighting

Equipment

Manufacture or electriclamps and lighting

equipment


Electrical Equipment n.e.c.


electrical equipment n.e.c.

MANUFACTURE OF

RADIO, TELEVISION

AND COMMUNICATION

EQUIPMENT AND

APPARATUS

Manufacture of Electronic

Valves and Tubes

and Other Electronic

ComponentsManufacture of semi-

conductor devices

Manufacture of electronic

valves and tubes and

printed circuit boards


electronic components

n.e.c.

Code

311

31100

312

31200

313

31301

31302

31309

314

31400

315

31500

319

31900

32

321

32101

32102

32109

Added Value

per

Employee

(RM)

48,866

48,866

97,597

97,597

81,888

85,134

87,954

76,015

51,033

51,033

70,195

70,195

50,183

50,183

109,244

126,506

184,672

65,019

111,935

Labour Cost

per

Employee

(RM)

16,215

16,215

33,739

33,739

28,971

27,613

34,680

25,290

26,981

26,981

30,096

30,096

22,403

22,403

27,630

30,166

37,798

21,698

30,331

Unit Labour

Cost

(Pure Number)

0.0955

0.0955

0.1158

0.1158

0.0704

0.0624

0.0861

0.0625

0.1426

0.1426

0.1126

0.1126

0.1689

0.1689

0.0539

0.0572

0.0568

0.0519

0.0987

Added Value

per

Fixed Asset

(Pure Number)

1.4448

1.4448

1.6144

1.6144

0.7052

1.4942

0.4442

0.9510

0.6348

0.6348

0.7685

0.7685

3.8258

3.8258

2.0833

1.5933

1.3650

2.3499

4.1058

Fixed Assets

per

Employee

(RM)

33,821

33,821

60,454

60,454

116,118

56,977

197,990

79,930

80,389

80,389

91,337

91,337

13,117

13,117

52,438

79,399

135,293

27,668

27,263


23/25


APPENDIXD

2009

Sub- Sectors

Manufacture of Television

and Radio Transmitters

and Apparatus For LineTelephony and Line

Telegraphy Goods

Manufacture of television

and radio transmitters and

apparatus for line telephony

and telegraphy

Manufacture of Television

and Radio Receivers,

Sound or Video Recording

or Reproducing Apparatus,

and Associated Goods

Manufacture of television

and radio receivers, sound

or video recording or

reproducing apparatus, andassociated goods

MANUFACTURE OF

MEDICAL, PRECISION

AND OPTICAL

INSTRUMENTS,

WATCHES AND CLOCKS

Manufacture of Medical

Appliances and Instruments

and Appliances for

Measuring, Checking,

Testing, Navigating and

Other Purposes, Except

Optical Instruments

Manufacture of medical

and surgical equipmentorthopaedic appliances

Manufacture of instruments

and appliances for

measuring, checking,

texting, navigating and

other purposes, except

industrial process control

equipment

Manufacture of Optical

Instruments and

Photographic Equipment

Manufacture of optical

instruments

Manufacture of

photographic equipmentManufacture of Watches

and Clocks

Manufacture of watches

and clocks

MANUFACTURE OF

MOTOR VEHICLES,

TRAILERS AND SEMI-

TRAILERS

Manufacture of Motor

Vehicles

Manufacture of motor

vehicles

Code

322

32200

323

32300

33

331

33110

33120

332

33201

33202

333

33300

34

341

34100

Added Value

per

Employee

(RM)

124,080

124,080

74,593

74,593

57,430

79,891

100,446

52,309

29,749

24,777

32,550

53,050

53,050

76,414

96,642

96,642

Labour Cost

per

Employee

(RM)

25,120

25,120

23,229

23,229

25,464

22,642

25,010

19,464

30,394

21,472

35,421

24,184

24,184

28,891

31,623

31,623

Unit Labour

Cost

(Pure Number)

0.0417

0.0417

0.0494

0.0494

0.1257

0.1057

0.1513

0.0695

0.1271

0.2566

0.1084

0.1775

0.1775

0.0757

0.0563

0.0563

Added Value

per

Fixed Asset

(Pure Number)

7.3825

7.3825

10.6766

10.6766

3.2873

3.8606

3.7508

4.1755

1.6533

2.1050

1.5139

4.7496

4.7496

1.6163

1.8827

1.8827

Fixed Assets

per

Employee

(RM)

16,807

16,807

6,987

6,987

17,470

20,694

26,780

12,528

17,994

11,771

21,500

11,169

11,169

47,277

51,332

51,332


24/25


2

Sub- Sectors

Manufacture of Bodies

(Coachwork) for Motor

Vehicles; Manufacture ofTrailers and Semi-Trailers

Manufacture of bodies

(coachwork) for motor

vehicles, Manufacture of

trailers and semi-trailers

Manufacture of Parts and

Accessories for Motor

Vehicles and Their Engines

Manufacture of parts and

accessories for motor

vehicles and their engines

MANUFACTURE OF

OTHER TRANSPORT

EQUIPMENT

Building and Repairing ofShips and Boats

Building and repairing of

ships

Building and repairing of

pleasure and sporting boats

Manufacture of Aircraft and

Spacecraft

Manufacture of aircraft and

spacecraft

Manufacture of Transport

Equipment n.e.c.

Manufacture of motor

cycles

Manufacture of bicycles and

invalied carriagesManufacture of other

transport equipment ne.c.

MANUFACTURE

OF FURNITURE;

MANUFACTURING N.E.C

Manufacture of Furniture

Manufacture of wooden and

cane furniture

Manufacture of metal

furniture


furniture, except of stone,

concrete or ceramic

Manufacturing n.e.c.

Manufacture of jewelleryand related articles

Manufacture of sports

goods

Manufacture of games and

toys

Code

342

34200

343

34300

35

351

35110

35120

353

35300

359

35910

35920

35990

36

361

36101

36102

36109

369

36910

36930

36940

Added Value

per

Employee

(RM)

21,845

21,845

62,469

62,469

67,537

66,540

68,163

40,427

29,096

29,096

83,753

106,646

53,861

29,636

30,474

28,728

24,487

49,110

41,791

37,796

42,809

37,673

28,141

Labour Cost

per

Employee

(RM)

24,065

24,065

26,486

26,486

37,310

40,759

41,428

30,009

44,174

44,174

27,462

25,149

31,702

28,040

17,042

16,094

15,032

23,495

16,617

21,015

20,918

19,117

29,319

Unit Labour

Cost

(Pure Number)

0.1941

0.1941

0.1259

0.1259

0.1664

0.1972

0.1949

0.2658

0.3443

0.3443

0.0926

0.0805

0.1033

0.2085

0.1121

0.1074

0.1100

0.0969

0.1067

0.1304

0.0949

0.1195

0.2240

Added Value

per

Fixed Asset

(Pure Number)

1.5779

1.5779

1.2724

1.2724

2.1441

2.3895

2.4273

1.6799

1.1663

1.1663

2.0103

1.6660

9.4060

1.8697

1.4876

1.3989

1.1930

2.2193

2.2310

1.8644

1.6019

1.4658

0.7322

Fixed Assets

per

Employee

(RM)

13,844

13,844

49,096

49,096

31,499

27,846

28,082

24,064

24,946

24,946

41,663

64,014

5,726

15,851

20,485

20,536

20,525

22,128

18,732

20,273

26,723

25,701

38,431


25/25

APPENDIXD

2009

Sub- Sectors

Manufacture of brooms,

brushes and mops

Manufacture of pens,pencils, ofce and artists

supplies

Manufacture of umbrella

Other manufacturing n.e.c.

RECYCLING

Recycling of Metal Waste

and Scrap

Recycling of other metal

waste and scrap

Recycling of Non-Metal

Waste and Scrap

Recycling of other non-

metal waste and scrap

Code

36991

36992

36993

36999

37

371

37109

372

37209

Added Value

per

Employee

(RM)

32,765

39,700

25,391

41,302

40,164

25,621

25,621

57,752

57,752

Labour Cost

per

Employee

(RM)

20,962

21,969

16,332

16,454

40,570

46,089

46,089

33,896

33,896

Unit Labour

Cost

(Pure Number)

0.1213

0.1220

0.1523

0.1075

0.1065

0.0873

0.0873

0.1664

0.1664

Added Value

per

Fixed Asset

(Pure Number)

0.5195

5.7423

4.8715

3.7171

0.9554

0.4092

0.4092

3.3658

3.3658

Fixed Assets

per

Employee

(RM)

63,072

6,914

5,212

11,111

42,038

62,610

62,610

17,158

17,158

Appendix NPC Productivity 2009

Documents

Transcript of Appendix NPC Productivity 2009