APPENDIX LIST OF GROVES SURVEYED. -...
53
APPENDIX I LIST OF GROVES SURVEYED. Code Name of Grove Locality No. Trivandrum Cheruvallinairkavu Sreekariyam Kuzhlkkattukonam Sreekariyam Cherainkodekavu Vizhinjam Thoppilsree bhagavathy Vizhiriiarn Thennoorkonam V~zhirijam Perayilkavu Kidarakuzhy Pulhalathukavu Kidarakuzhy Chinnakkankavu Kidarakuzhy Punnakulamkavu Kolti~kal Nagarkavu Ctiovvara Madanthampurankavu Pongunioodu Cherukulathoor Vellariadu Chokkan kavu Thiruvallom Malea Chokkan kavu Pachalloor Kuiathinkara Bhadrakali Thiruvallorrl Thuppanathu kavu Vazhamuttoni Durggadevi temple Thannirnoodu Kunnuvila devi temple Pattom Dharmasastha kavu Poolanthara Madanthamburan l rattakulangara Pulinthanathu kavu Koliyakkode Mathanattu kavu Veiavoor Sree Janardana Swamy Varkala Kunnampallykonathu Vattavila Kozhimada kavu Vailoor Karathala kavu Karathala Pullielengam Thalay~l Kattumudippura Thalayil Kunchiveedu kavu Thembarnunom Thekkethu kavu ThembamuHom Nagamkottu kavu Nilamel Latitude Longitude Alt. Area (m) (ha)
Transcript of APPENDIX LIST OF GROVES SURVEYED. -...
APPENDIX I
LIST O F GROVES SURVEYED.
Code Name of Grove Locality No.
Trivandrum
Cheruvallinairkavu Sreekariyam
Kuzhlkkattukonam Sreekariyam
Cherainkodekavu Vizhinjam
Thoppilsree bhagavathy Vizhiriiarn
Thennoorkonam V~zhirijam
Perayilkavu Kidarakuzhy
Pulhalathukavu Kidarakuzhy
Chinnakkankavu Kidarakuzhy
Punnakulamkavu Kolti~kal
Nagarkavu Ctiovvara
Madanthampurankavu Pongunioodu
Cherukulathoor Vellariadu
Chokkan kavu Thiruvallom
Malea Chokkan kavu Pachalloor
Kuiathinkara Bhadrakali Thiruvallorrl
Thuppanathu kavu Vazhamuttoni
Durggadevi temple Thannirnoodu
Kunnuvila devi temple Pattom
Dharmasastha kavu Poolanthara
Madanthamburan l rattakulangara
Pulinthanathu kavu Koliyakkode
Mathanattu kavu Veiavoor
Sree Janardana Swamy Varkala
Kunnampallykonathu Vattavila
Kozhimada kavu Vailoor
Karathala kavu Karathala
Pullielengam Thalay~l
Kattumudippura Thalayil
Kunchiveedu kavu Thembarnunom
Thekkethu kavu ThembamuHom
Nagamkottu kavu Nilamel
Latitude Longitude Alt. Area (m) (ha)
APPENDIX I
Code Name of Grove No.
Poovannaranthal kavu
Keezhthalakuzhi kavu
Dharmasastha kavu
Kattakkada kavu
Muttada kavu
Pangottu kavu
Sree Bhagavalhy
Thannimootlil kavu Thottam
Valia veettil
Vilayilkadayil
Nagaramn~a Koil
Quilon
Udayan kavu
Marangattu kavu
48 Mahadever temple
49 Padlnjarae kavu
50 Payyampaliii kavu
51 Mahadever temple
52 Panampilavil kavu
53 Saslhamcottah kavu
54 Padicijarudukkatl~u
55 Venkittakkal kavu
Vaindamangalalhu kavu
Thiruvoor palliyara
Thennala kavu
Choolur kavu
Azhakiya kavu
Karichappallil
Parabrahma temple
Pariyarathu kavu
Kunjinadikkavu
Valloppally kavu
Aruvannoor kavu
Vallikkavil temple
Paloor kavu
Locality Latitude
Neyyttinkara
Chilakkode
Sreekaryam
Katlakkada
Parulhipara
Trivandrum
Neyyaltinkara
Oruvalh~ikottah
Manacadu
Nedumangad Sreekar~yam
Thirupurarri
Edavattorrl Pavilt~reswararii
Pav~threswarani
Pangode
Puthoor
Konarakkara
Soorariadu South
Sasthamcottah
Thazl~ova N.E.
Thazhava
Thazhava South
Padanayarkulangal
Kallelibhagam
Kallelibhagam
Sooranadu North
Sooranadu North
Ochira Payikkuzhi
Memarla
Mernat la
Memana
Vallikkavu
Klappana
Longitude Alt. (m)
Area (ha)
Code Name of Grove No.
69 Pappadiyil kavu
70 Parlssery kavu
71 Kochalathu temple 72 Panikkasseril kavu
73 Eramathu kavu
74 Vendar kavu
75 Manakkara kavu
76 Mylamkulam kavu
77 Kulakkada kavu
78 Sreekrishna temple
79 Rudhirabhayankarlkavu
80 Anchumoorthi temple 81 Mulangadakam temple
82 Puduvana kavu
83 Matherinada kavu
84 Maniyal kavu
85 Piliaveettil kavu
86 Moorlhi kavu
87 Thenkottu kavu
88 Ayyappa temple
89 Amman kavu
Pathanarnthitta
90 Kadakal kavu
91 Cherupuzhakkattu
92 Poikayil kavu
93 Sastharn kovil
94 Puliyara kavu
95 Kaleekkal kavu
96 Kaliyathu kavu
97 Kadakkattu temple
98 Komattu kavu
99 Manakkatlu Devi temple
100 Kannimel kavu
101 Kavumpattu kavu
102 Kodiyattu kavu
103 Ezhamkulam Devi temple
APPENDIX I
Locality Latitude
Klay~knrla Nor111
Klappana North
Perinadu
Klapparla North
Prayar South
Kulakkad
Vendar
Kulakkada
Earalhu kuiakkada
Mavady
Attuvassery Veliyani
Mulangadakom
East Kallada
Koduv~la
Koduvila
Kundara
Kundara
Kundara
Kulatliupuzha
Achankovil
Aranmula
Edayaranmula
Aral ~ni~t la
Manlhuka
Manthuka
Pandalam
Pandalam
pandalam
Thonnalloor
Angadikkal south
Angadikkal south
Edathitta
Kodu~non
Ezhamkulam
Longitude Alt. (m)
76 10'30" 5
76'29'30 5
76"29'40" 7
76 29'25" 5
76'29'30" 3
76 44'00" 40
76 44'05" 40
76'43'40" 40
76 '4 5'30" 45
76'43'45'' 48
76"43'408' 68
7G 46'211" 60
76"34'408' 5
76' 39'UU" 5
76-38'45" 20
76"38'50" 20
76"4 1'20" 40
76"41'10' 40
76"4 1'1 0 ' 40
77' 03'20" 150
77"71'408' 91 0
Area (ha)
0 0200
0.0800
0.0640
0 OGOO
0.3560
0.1200
0 0200
0 0800
0 0200
0.0800
0 0920
0.0800
0 1400
0 0320
0 0400
0.0400
0.0640
0.1000
0 0920
0.3000
0 2000
APPENDIX I
Code Name of Grove No.
Endalllyappan kavu
Keezhaedathu kavu
Konnathu moolayll
Vadakkedathu kavu
Eanathu kavu
Mayayekshl kavu
Mandarathu kavu
Parathoor kavu
Panayannar kavu
Chamakkavu
Paekkavu
Choorakunnil
Meloottukavu
Poonkavanarn
Vadakkedathu kavu
Narnbara kavu
Moorlhy kavu
Koyikkal kottaram
Alleppey
Palliyara kavu
Koravazhiyathu kavu
Kakkanattu kavu
Cherukara kavu
Kochupokkattu kavu
Nadalakkal kavu
Thayyil kavu
Kuzhuvelil kavu
Edayodi kavu
Nagaraja kavu
Pallippurathu temple
Pavureth kavu
Panlkkasseryil temple
Karimutlathu temple
Varanappallll kavu
Njavarakkal
Locality Latitude Longitude Alt. (m)
Parakkode
Aikkadu
Adoor
Earath
Enathu
Elarnpalllkkal
Pallikkal
Pallikkal
Marlliar
Kulanada
Mantyar
Kodun~vn
Kodumon
Sabarlriiala
Kodumor~
Manriar
Mannar
Mannar
Koy~kkapadtkkal
Eruva East
Peru~lgala
Perurigala
Perungala
Perungala
Perungala
Deshatti~nakani
Perungala East
Vettikkode
Vettikkode
Mankuzhi South
Kattachira
Mankuzhi South
Muthukulam
Muthukulan? Soulh
Area (ha)
0 0600
0.0600
0 0400
0.0800
0.0360
0.6000
0.0800
0.2000
2.0000
0.2000
10 0000
0 1000
0.0400
0.0100
0 0400
0.0280
0 0200
0.0280
APPENDIX I
Code Name of Grove No.
Pathanarnthitta
138 Kavil valiya veettil kavu
Alleppey
139 Thattakkattukavu
140 Thanniyil kavu
141 Kolassery kavu
142 Nilakkal kavu
143 Madassery illathu kavu
144 Vallikkavu
145 Sarnga kavu
146 Thondathara kavu
147 Punthala Devi
148 Mannarasala Nagaraja
149 Nediyanikkal kavu
150 Paro kavu
Vattaparambu kavu
Vallattoor kavu
Pullukulangara kavu
Mezhuvanakkavu
Karavallikkavu
Kundanthara kavu
Kopparathu kavu
Puthussery kavu
Kulathinaethu kavu
Ayikkattu kavu
Eienjelil kavu
Sastha kavu
Koduvanal kavu
Keecheril kavu
Kalathoor
Malimeyii
Mannathu
Muilikulangara
Nangiarkulangara
Vandanathu kavu
Varampathanathu
Locality Latitude
Parumala 09"18'10"
Chettikulangara
Kaitha North
Kannarnangalarn North
Pela
Pela
Elengtrliel
Venrnony
Venrnony
Punthala Venrnony
Harippad
Tharnarakkulam
Katldalloor North
Kandalloor
Puthiyav~la
Pullukulangara
Kandalloor North
Karavally
Veruvallybhagam
Pullukulangara
Pullukulangara
Bhagavalhippadi
Chennithala
Chennithala
Cherukol
Budhanoor
Pandanadu
Thekkekara
Thekkekara
Chettikulangara
Thekkekara
Kanjoor
Vandatiarn
Chettikularlgara
Longitude Area (ha)
APPENDIX I
Code Name of Grove Locality Latitude Longitude No.
Thrisoor
Daivathin kavu
Kalapparambathu
Puthillathukavu
Chathankavu
Paliiyanikkadu temple
Kottaichalippattu kavu
Kalappurakkal kavu
Kozhipparanibil
Ayalathuyakshi
Kumaramangalathu
Padinjaremana
Pampumekatlurnana
Sankulangarakavu
Valapparambu
Kozhikode
Sree Palkkattu kavu
Kiliparambu Devi temple
Kurichikkara Thivalappil
Chanlundi kand~yii kavu
Perumana kottah
Kalayanlvelli kavu
Nagathan kottah
Rarnankulangara lilurn
Jathiyoor siva temple
Jathiyoor madam kavu
Devarkovil Bhagavathy
Gurukkal kavu
Thrikkottur kavu
Sree Pisharikavu
Poi1 kavu
Sree Vallikkattu kavu
Thurayii kolla
Muchukunnu kottah
Balussery kavu
Chamakkavu
Kaippamangalani
Kalpparnangalam
Naduvilkkara
Meppanangadu
Naduviikkara
Thrithalioor
Thrilhalloor
Thntt~ailoor
S.N.Puram
S.N.Puram
Tharin~yanl
Mala
S.N.Puram
Arini~oor
Palazh~y
Kozhlkode
Badakara
Aelapurani
Chorode
Edacherl
Edacheri
Edacheri
Kayakkodi
Kayakkodl
Kayakkodi
Tliikkodl
Thikkodi
Koilam
Edakkulam
Chelarirloor
Kuruvattur
Muchukunnu
Balussery
Calicut
Alt. (m)
Area (ha)
APPENDIX I
Code Name of Grove No.
206 Chemancherry kavu
207 Karattukavu
208 Puthan purayil
Malappuram
209 Bhayam kavu
210 Ayyappan kavu
21 1 Chandanakkavu
Kadarnpuzha temple
Shobappararnbu teniple
Odayarnkandiparambu
Puthanveettilkavu
Chundayil kavu
Kallingal kavu
Mukkola kavu
Karirnp~yankavu
Kottayam
Katlikunnu kavu
Kurnjikkavu
Nechipozhur
Neerozhukkilkavu
Panachikkadu
Naganipozhiilluni
Kolalhairnadom kavu
Mahadever temple
Kondoorkavu
Peralyillurn kavu
Palghat
Kavassery kavu
Kalladathoor kavu
Ayyarrnalai
Ernakulam
Amaeda kavu
Eroorkkavu
lringole kavu
Kizhakompu
Mannamkavu
Locality Latitude Longitude Alt. Area (m) (ha)
Clieni~r~cllerry
Panarripuralh
Edacher~
Chamravatlorn
Charriravallorn
Kurumbalhoor
Marakkara
Ttiarioor
Thanoor
Thanoor
Mankada
Thanoor
Chariyararrikulani
Thavaliur
Cherripu
Raniapuram
Palai
Vaikorn
Chirigavanarn
Vaikarii
Madappally
Thengana
Madappally
Madappally
Alalhur
Kappoor
Parli
Udayarnperoor
Thripuniltiara
Perurnbavoor
Koolhatukularn
Norlh Paraur
Code Name of Grove No.
239 Vyloppillykkavu
240 Vadakkaecheppel kavu
ldukki
241 Kolanikkavu
242 Adappurathu kavu
Wyanad
243 Pakshy Pathalam
244 Sree Valliyoor kavu
245 Thrisselery kavu
246 Ponkuzhy Kshetram
247 Kambakkody kavu
ldukki
248 Meenuliyanpara
Kannoor
249 Mookkunnu Nagam
250 Karippal Nayam
251 Kunnchirakkal
252 Chukanrlamma kodam
253 Aerambala nagam
254 Koyyalhu nagam
255 Olavara mundya kavu
256 Moovaripalathara kavu
257 Mahavishnu temple
258 Neeralamchal kavu
259 Mechira kavu
260 Kuppol kavu
261 Vareekkar;~ kavu
262 Paclieni kavu
263 Meethala kavu
264 Kadayilakkavu
265 Konginichal kavu
266 Thavidissery kavu
267 Aravanchai kavu
268 Chamakkavu
269 Andalloor kavu
270 Kalakathikkal
APPENDIX I
Locality Latitude
Kaloor
Puthiyakavu
Thodupuzha
Arakkulam
Thirunelly
Manantoddy
Thrissalery
Muthanga
Mulhanga
Anakkuzhy
Pariyararn
Perumpadavu
Chapparapadavu
Parsh~nikkadavu
Kalyassery
Paduvar~~
Olavannoor
Palalhara
Annoor
Vadavantoor
Pe~ i~ r~ i l l lilla
Perirryolne
~+?I~I~;IIII
Pullloor
Puthoor
Kadavil-Peralarn
Aalakkadu-Kankol
Peringome
Aravar~clial
Velloor
Tellicherry
Valapattanam
Longitude Alt. Area (m) (ha)
76"18'15" 4 0.0200
76 19'30" 0 0 6000
APPENDIX I
Code Name of Grove No.
Kannlyar kavu
Karakkodu kavu
Kuravanthery kavu
Madaikavu
Mamanikkunnu kavu
Kanathilchal kavu
Moyyath Nagam
Mugor kavu
Mugor kavu
Muthappanakavu
Pappinissery kavu
Pararriulkkavu
Poonkottukavu
Pramancherry kavu
Puravarlcherry kavu
Ramapuram kavu
Theyyottukavu
Th~ruvallonl kavu
Vettakkorumakan konom
Dharma sastllakavu
Andalloor Thazhaekavu
Ayyapl)arl kavu
Muthappankavu
Kotterikavu
Ayilyar kavu
Komathll kavu
Kottoli kavu
Panamkavu
Kundanchal kavu
Edattu Nagam
Kannanatt nagam
Chandramana Nagam
Kasargod
Uthamandir kavu
Madathinkal kavu
Chakrapanl temple
Locality Latitude
Ezhi~riala
Pailyam
Naduvanadu
Madai
lrikkur
Kannadipparambu
Thalipparamba
Naduvanadu
Ezli~~nala
Parasslnikkadav
Papp~nissery
Ezlii~riala
Mattallnoor
Kunriuru
Ezt lililala
Pazl~ayanyadi
Mathil
Kunnuru
Ezhotne
Kar~~~arlipararribu
Dhanriadarn
CIICIII~I~I Mi111i
Kunnalhoorpad~
Kottryoor
Kottiyoor
Kannadiparambu
Kannadlpararnbu
Chirakkal
Chirakkal
Edat
Edat
Ramanthali
Thankayam
Thankayanl
Thankayam
Longitude Alt. Area (m) (ha)
0 0.0800
20 0.1000
60 0.0400
40 2.0000
40 1.6000
20 0.4000
20 02000
40 0.3200
200 0.0800
15 0.2000
5 0.0800
200 0.1000
20 16 0000
20 0.3000
200 0.0800
20 0.0400
60 16.0000
20 0 0800
10 0.0800
20 1.G000
20 1 .2000
20 0.1200
600 17.2000
225 1.6000
120 1.6000
20 0.0200
10 0.1000
20 0.0800
20 0.0800
7 0.0800
15 0.1200
20 0.0200
APPENDIX I
Code Name of Grove Locality Latitude Longitude Alt. No. (m)
Aoylltikkavu
Adukurlnalhu kavu
Ayyan kavu
Pothavoor kavu - l Pothavoor kavu - II Choolappam kavu
Vishnumoorihikavu
Kariyappil kavu
Nakravanathu kavu
Shadrampadi kavu
Muchilottu kavu
Malingeswara kavu
Shree Panchalingeswari
lrival Ayyappan kavu
Bhagavattiy temple
Dharmasastha kavu
Dharmasastha kavu
Karimathalampara kavu
Bhagavathy kavu
Pomala kavu
Mekkattukavu
Kannippara bhagavalhy
Periyamkottu kavu
Thottamundyakavu
Puthiyaparambathu
Pattayamkkavu
Parambathu kavu
Panayakkadu
Oorikkal kavu
Mungathu kavu
Mundyakavu
Mundyakavu
Mulavanoor kavu
Mappitlacherry kavu
Kuniyan kavu
Karakkakavu
Macll~kkadu
K a ~ ~ h a ~ ~ g a d
Parakkalai
Mampaliy
Pothavoor
Neduniba
Kariyappu
Kariyappu
Klayikkoltu Sou
Edanad Surambayal
Perene Surambayal
Adoor
Mallavara Aadur
Eriyn-Pulloor
Kutta~riatliu
Koyithitla
Periyanganum
Kar~ndala
Aaralam
Payyamkulam
Madikka~
Madtkka~
Mundollu
Edanurnel
Neeleswaram
Pattena
Kar~velloor
Kodakkadu
Kodakkadu
Paltena
Kar~velloor
Parkkalai
Parkkalai
Kalikkadavu
Kar~velloor
Karivelloor
Area (ha)
0.4000
0 0800
0 8000
0.1200
0.1400
0.1600
0.6000
0.4000
0 0200
0.1000
0 1000
1 5000
0.4000
0.2000
0.5000
0.4400
0 1000
0.6000
0 4000
1 .oooo
0.0600
0 0400
0 2000
0 0400
0.0800
0.0600
0.0800
0 2000
0.0800
0.1000
0.0600
0.1200
0 0800
0 4000
0.0800
2.0000
Code Name of Grove No.
342 Edayilaekkadu
343 Dharrnasaslhakavu
344 Cheerrnakkavu
345 Bhagavathy kavu
Ayyappankavu
Ayyankunnu kavu
Kulangattukavu
Nellikkavu
Udinoorkavu
Pavoor Nagarn
Ooriyara kavu
Valiyarakkal kavu
Chittoorkavu
Melirippu kavu
Kurumba kavu
Mannarnpurathu kavu
Naga kavu
Sadasiva temple
Kuttichathan kavu
Pararnbalhu nagarn
Trissur
Adippararnbu kavu
Marnrniyoor kavu
Kasargod
Poornala kavu
APPENDIX I
Locality Latitude Longitude
Tt~rikkaripur
Cliee~rlerli
Neeleswar
Parkkala~
Kodakkadu
Palathadam
Kallhakkadu
Kadankodu
Trikkaripur
Udinoor
Karivelloor
Karivelloor
Parakkalai
Klayikkoltu
Rarnanchira
Nileswararn
Man~lanlpurathu
Puthukkai
M~~ndollu
Kar~vellor
Valapad
Guruvayur
Cheruvathoor
Alt. (m)
4
80
20
100
40
20
20
5
3
2
20
20
100
60
60
20
20
20
40
4
Area (ha)
3 6000
4 0000
0.0800
0.2000
0.1000
0.0800
0.4000
0.4000
0.4000
0 2000
0.0400
0.0800
0 2400
0.2400
0.2000
1 2000
0 0800
0.0600
0.0400
0.0400
APPENDIX II
FLORA O F SACRED GROVES List of plants encountered in 364 sacred groves are furnished below
with details on their life forms, economic importance and phytogeography using abbreviations as indicated below:-
1. Life forms:.
Mesophanaerophytes Microphanaerophytes Nanophanaerophytes Chamaephytes Geophytes Therophytes Liana Epiphytes Parasites
2. Economic importance..
M Medic~nal T Tirnber F Minor Forest Produce olher than Med~cinal
A f As A u Cos Cul E In I Pan Pal S
Afr~ca Asla Australia Cosmopolitan Cultivated Endemic to Western Ghats India introduced Pantropic Paleotropic Sri Lanka
Family 81 Species APPENDIX II
A C A N T H A C E A E Acanthus ilicifolius L. Andrographis paniculata (Burm. I . ) Wallich ex Nees Asystasia crispata Benth. Asystasia dalzeNiana Santapau Asystasia gangetica (L.) T.Anderson Asystasia travancorica Bedd. Barleria involucrata Nees var.elata (Dalz.) C.B.Clarke Barleria mysorensis Heyne ex Roth. Crossandra infundibuliiormis (L.) Nees Dipteracanthus prostratus (Poir.) Nees Ecbolium viride (Forssk.) Alston Eranthemum capense L. Gymnostachyum poiyanthum Wt. Gymnostachyum iebrifugum Benth. Haplanthus neligherryensis Wt. Hygrophila schuili(Harn.) M.R. & S.M. Alrne~da Justicis adhathoda L. Justicia gendarussa Burrn. f . Justicia hansenii Sivar. & P.Mathew Just~cia japonica Thunb Lepidagathis incunta Buch.-Ham, ex D.Don Lepidagathis spirlosa Wt . Pseuderanthemum melabancum (Clarke) Gamble Rungia parviilora Nees. Rungla pectinata ( L ) Nees. Staurogyne zeylanica (Nees) 0. Ktze. Strobilanthes asper Wt. Thunbergia lragrans Roxb. Thunberg~a mysorensis (Wt.) T . Anders
A L A N G I A C E A E Alangiurn salviloliu~r~ (L.) Wangerin var Bioern.
A M A R A N T A C E A E Achynnthes aspera L Aerva lanata (L. ) Juss. ex Schult. Cyathula prostrata (L.) BI.
A M A R Y L L I D A C E A E Crinum asiaticum L.
A N A C A R D I A C E A E Buchanania ianceolata Wt. Holigama arnotliana J. Hk Holigama beddomei J. Hk. Holigama nigra Bourd. Lannea coromandellca (Houtt.) Merr. Manglfem indica L.
Life Form IS Economic Importance
FT FMT T T FM FMT
Phyto geography
As,Au In E As,Af Pal E In,S In,S In,S In As,Af In,S E E E In,S As As,Af As,Af As,Af In,S E In,S Cos As E E As E
Pal
Pan As,Af Pan
Family & Species
Nothopegia aureo-fulva Bedd. Nothopegia beddomei Gamble Nothopegla colebrooklana (Wt.) 01. Nothopegia travancorica Bedd. Semecarpus anacardium L.f.
APPENDIX II Life Forms Economic Phy to
Importance geography MI E
ANCISTROCLADACEAE Ancistrocladus lleynearlus Wall. ex Grah.
ANNONACEAE Annona sqamosa L. Artabotrys reylanicus J. Hk. & Ttion~s Goniothaiamus card~opetalus (Dalz.) J Hk. & Ttionis Goniothalamus wyanaadensis Bedd. Meiogyne ramarowii (Dunn) Gandhi Miliusa wightiar~a J. Hk. & Thorns Poiyalfhia fragrans (Dalz.) Bedd. Polyalthia korlnti (Dunal) Benth & J. Hk. Tiliacora acuminata (Larnk.) J . Hk. & Thon~s. Uvar~a narum (Dunal) Wall, ex Wt. & Am.
APIACEAE Centella asiat~ca (L.) Urban Hydrocotyle javanica Thun b
APOCYNACEAE Aistonia scholaris (L.) R. Br Anodendron paniculatum (Roxb.) A.DC. Cascabela thevetia (L ) Lippold Cerbera odoilam Gaertn. Chilocarpus denudatus BI. Chonemorpha fragrans (Moon) Alston Holarrhena pubescens (Buch-Ham.) Wall.ex G.Don lchnocarpus frutescens (L.) R. Br. Kammetia cayophyllata Roxb. Plumeria acumir~ata R. Br. Plumeria rubra L. Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth, ex Kurz Rauvolfia tetraphylla L. Strophanthus wightianus Wall. Tabemaemontana heyneana (Wall.) Cooke Wrightla tinctoria (Roxb.) R. Br.
ARACEAE Amorphopl~allus hoher~ackeri (Schotl) Engl. Amorphophallus sylvaticus Kunth. Arisaema tofluosum (Wall.) Schott Colocasia esculanta (L.) Schott Cryplocoryne spiralis (Relz.) Fischer
Cul In,S E E As E E In,S As In,S
TH M Pan T H As,Au
M M FM M M FMT
As As Pan AS As As As As,Au E Cul Cul As In E As As
G E G FM In,S G M in G F Pan G M In
Family & Species
Lagenandm fawicarie Dalz. Poft~os scandens L. Remusatla vivipara (Roxb.) Schott Rhaphidophora pertusa (Roxb.) Schott Theriophonum lnfaustum N. Br.
APPENDIX I1 Llfe Forms Economic Phyto
Importance geography G FM In,S L M As.Af E M In,S E M In,S TH E
ARECACEAE Calamus hookerianus Becc. Calamus pseudo-tenuis Becc, ex Bec. & J. Hk. Calamus rotang L. Calamus thwaitesii Becc. Caryota urens L.
ARISTOLOCHIACEAE Aristolochia indica L. Thottea siliquosa (Larnk.) Ding Hou
ASCLEPIADACEAE Calotropis gigantea (L.) R. Br Cosmostigma racemosum (Roxb.) Wt Cryptolepis beddomei Cryptolep~s buchananii Roem. & Schult. Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R. Br, ex Schult Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R Br. Holosfemma adakodien Schult. Hoya W~ghtli J. Hk. Leptadenia reticulata (Retz ) Wt & Arn. Toxocarpus kleinii Wt. & Arn. Tylophora asthmalica (L I.) Wt & Arn. Tylophora indica (Bum. 1.) Merr. Watlakaka volubilis (L.f .) Stapl
ASTERACEAE Ageratum conyzoides L. Artemisia nilaginca (C.B.Clarke) Parnpan. Chromolaena odorata (L.) King & Robins. Eclipla alba (L.) Hassk. Elephantopus scaber L. Emilia scabra DC. Emilia sonchlfolia (L.) DC, ex Wt. Epaltes divaricata (L.) Cass. Mikanla cordata (Burrn. 1.) Robins. Spilanfhes calva DC. Ttidax procumbens L. Vemonia arborea Buch..Harn. Vemonia cinerea (L.) Less. Vlcoa indica (L.) DC.
Pan E Pan Pan Pan As,Af As,AI As Pan Cos Cos As Cos Cos
Family b Species
AVICENNIACEAE Avicennia officinalis L.
BALSAMINACEAE lmpatiens acaulis Arn. lmpatiens balsamina L. lmpatiens flaccida Arn. lmpatiens lucida Heyne. lmpatiens minor (DC.) Bennel
BEGONIACEAE Begonia canarana (Miq.) J . HK. Begonia tioccilora Bedd. Begonia malabanca Lam Oroxylum indicum (L.) Benlh, ex Kurz Pajanelia longiloiia (Wiild.) K. Schum. Stereospermum cheionoides non (L.1.) DC.
APPENDIX II Life Forms Economic Phylo
Importance geography
MS FMT l n , ~
BIGNONIACEAE Dolichandrone spathacea (K) Schum.
BIXACEAE Cochlospermum rebgiosum (L.) Alston
BOMBACACEAE Bombax ceiba L. Bombax irrsigne Wall.
BORAGINACEAE Cordia monoica Roxb. Heliotropium keralensis Sivar. & Manilal
BURSERACEAE Canarium strictum Roxb.
CACTACEAE Opuntia dilienii (Ker.-Gawl.) Haw.
CAMPANULACEAE Lobelia alsinoides Lamk.
CAPPARACEAE Capparis cleghornii Dunn Capparis floribunda WI. Capparis shevaroyensis Sund.-Ragh Cleome aspera Koen. Cleome burmannii (Wt. & Am.) Gamble Cieome monophylla L. Cleome viscosa L.
TH M E T H M Pan TH In,S TH E T H E
MS FMT As
M S FMT AS MS T As
L As L M E L E T H F As T H In,S TH AS,Af TH FM Pan
Family & Species APPENDIX I1
Lile Forms Economic Phyto Importance geography
CARYOPHYLLACEAE Polycarpaea coiymbosa (L.) Lami
CELASTRACEAE Glyptopefaium zeylanicum Thw Lophopelalum wightianum Am.
CHLORANTHACEAE Sarcandra grandiflora (Miq.) Subram. & Henry
CLUSIACEAE Calophyllum calaba L. Calophyilum inopliyilum L. Garcinia gummi-gutla (L.) Robs. Garcinia indica (Thouras) Choisy Garcinia moreila Gaertn. Desr. Garcinia pictonus Roxb Garcinia talbobl Raiz. 8 Sanl. Mesua ferrea L. Poeciloneuron indicum Bedd
COMBRETACEAE Calycopteris floribunda (Roxb.) Poir. Combreturn oval~folium Roxb. Quisqualis malabarica Bedd. Tennmaba arjuna (DC.) WI. & Arn. Terminalia bellinca (Gaertn.) Roxb. Terminalla catappa L. Terminalia crenulala Heyne ex Rolh Teninalia paniculata Roth
COMMELINACEAE Commelina benghalensis L. Commelina diffusa B u n . 1. Cyanofis crisfata (L.) D. Don Murdania nudiflora (L.) Brenan. Tonningia axillark (L.) 0. Ktze.
CONNARACEAE Connarus monocarpus L. Connarus paniculatus Roxb. Connarus sclerocarpus Sch. ex Gamble Connarus wlghtii J. Hk. Rourea minor (Gaertn.) Merr.
CONVOLVULACEAE Argyreia hirsula Wt.& Am. Cuscuta reflexa Roxb.
FMT E FMT As FM In,S F E FMT As F E F E MT AS T E
FM As M As
E FMT In,S MT As FMT As MT In MT E
FM As,Af FM Pan F As,Af
As.Af As
Family & Species APPENDIX II
Life Forms Economic Phy to Importance geography FM As,Au M Pan
Pan M Pan FM Pan F As,Au M As,AI M As
Erycibe paniculata Roxb. Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L. Evolvulus nummularis (L.) L. lpomoea ma~ritiana Jacq. lpomoea pescaprae (L.) R. Br. lpomoea sepiarla Roxb. Merremia tridentata (L.) Hall. f . Merremia vitifolia (Burm.f.) Hall. 1.
CORNACEAE Mastixia arborea (Wt.) Bedd, ssp, meziar~a Wang.
CRASSULACEAE Kaianctloe pinnala (Lam.) Pers Pan
CUCURBITACEAE Mukia maderaspatana (L.) M. Roem. Trichosanthes cucumerina L.
CYCADACEAE Cycas circinalis L.
CYPERACEAE Buibostyiis barbata (Rottb.) C.B. Clarke Cyperus compressus L. Cyperus difformis L Fimbrystyiis ferrugenea (L.) Vahl Hypolytrum nemorum (Vahl) Spreng Kyll~nga mimrr~oraiis (J.R. 8 G.Forsl.)
M Pal F Pan
Pan Pan Cos
M Pan
DASTICACEAE Tetrameies nudiflora R.Br.
DICHAPETALACEAE Dichapetaium geionioides (Roxb.) Engl.
DILLENIACEAE Dillenia indica L. Diilenia pentagyna Roxb. Tetracera akara (Burm. 1.) Merr.
FMT As FT AS FM E
DIOSCOREACEAE Dioscorea bulbifera LL. Dioscorea oppositifolia L. Dioscorea pentapl~ylia L. Dioscorea tomentosa Spreng.
M Pan FM In,S FM As M 1n.S
DIPTEROCARPACEAE Dipterocarpus bourdiNonii Brandis
Family & Species
Dipterocarpus lndicus Bedd. Hopen parviflora Bcdd. Hopea ponga (Dennst.) Mabb. Hopea utilis (Bedd.) Bole Vaterla indica L. Vatica chinensis L.
EBENACEAE Diospyros angustifolia (Miq.) Kosterm. Diospyros assirnilis Bedd. Diospyros bourdillonii Brand. Diospyros buxifolia (BI.) Hiern. Diospyros candolleana Wt. Diospyros malabaricum (Desr.) Kostel. Diospyros montana Rox b. Diospyros ovaiifolia Wt. Diospyros paniculata Dalz. Diospyros sylvatica Roxb.
ELAEAGNACEAE Elaeagnus indica Sew. Elaeagnus kologa Schldl
ELAEOCARPACEAE Elaeocapus glandulosus Wall. ex Merr. Elaeocarpus serratus L. Elaeocarpus tuberculatus Roxb.
ERIOCAULACEAE Eriocaualon cuspidaturn Dalz. Eriocaualon sexangulare L.
APPENDIX li Life Forms
EUPHORBIACEAE Acalypha fruticosa Forssk. Agrostistachys ind~ca Dalz. Antidesma bunius (L.) Spreng. Antidesma menasu Miq. ex Tul. Aporusa bourdillonii Stapf Aporusa lindleyana (Wt.) Baill. Baccaurea courtallensis (Wt.) Muell -Arg Baliospenum montanum (Willd.) Muell.-Arg. Blschofla javanica BI. Breynia vitis-idaea (Burrn. f . ) Fischer Brldelia airy-she wii P.T. Ali Bridella scandens (Roxb.) Willd. Chrozophora rotlleri (Giesl.) A. Juss. Cle/stanthus collinus (Roxb.) Ben1h.e~ J. H k. Croton bonplandianum Baill. Cloton klofzschlanus Wt.
Economic Phyto Impoflance geography FT AS FT E T As T E FMT E FT In,S
T In,S T E T E T AS MT In FMT In,S MT AS. AU T In,S FT E T In,S
M As,Af FT AS
As F In
E FMT 1n.S FT E M As FMT As M As FMT As M As,Af F Cos FT In,S
Pan In,S
Family & Species APPENDIX II
Croton lacciferus L. Dypeles confertiflonls (J. Hk.) Pax B Hoflrn Emblica officinalis Gaertn. Euphorbla laeta L. Glochidion ellipticum Wt. Glochidion zeylanicum A. Juss. Homonoia riparia Lour. Jatropha curcas L. Jalropha gossypifolia L. Macaranga pellala (Roxb.) Muell.-Arg. Mallofus alrovirens Muell.-Arg. Mallotus philippensis (Lamk.) Muell.-Arg. Mallotus tetracoccus (Roxb.) Kurz Ped~lanthus tithymaloides (L.) Poit. Phylianlhus amarus Schurn. & Thonn. Pliyilar~tl~us lraterrius Webs. Phyllanthus gardnerianus (Wt.) Baill. Phyllanlhus kozhikod~anus Sivar. & Manilal Pliyllar~llrus relicc~lolus Poir. Phyllanthus urinaria L. Phyllanthus virgatus Forst.1. Sabasliana chamaelea (L.) Muell.-Arg DC. Sapium insigne (Royle) Trimen Sarcococca trinenlia Wt. Securinega virosa (Willd.) Baill Tragia ~nvolucrala L. Trewia nudiflora Wt.
FABACEAE: Caesulplnloideue Bauhinla phoenicea Wt. & Am Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb. Caesalpinia mimosoides Lam k. Cassia fistula L. Cassia tora L. Delonix regla (Hk.) Raf. Humboldtia vahliana Wt. Kinglodendron pinnatum (Roxb, ex DC.) Harms Moullava spicata (Dalz.) Nicols. Saraca asoca (Roxb.) de Willd Tamarindus indica L.
FABACEAE: Faboideae Abus precalodus L. Abrus pulchellus Wall, ex Thw. Aeschynomene indica L. Aganope thyrsiflora var. euaiata Bedd. Alysicarpus vaginalis (L.) DC. Afylosia scarabaeoides (L.) Benlh. Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taubert
Lile Forms
MI M S M S T H M S M S MI C H C H MS MI MS M S T H T H T H TH TH TH T H TH T H MS Mi C H L MS
Economic Phyto Importance geography F In,S T E FM As M In,S
E M As M As FM I FM I FMT In,S
E FMT As,Au T E M In,S M Pan M Pan
1n.S In
M As,AI FM Pan M Pan M As,Au T As M In M As M As MT As
E M As
E FMT As FM Pan
Cul MT E FMT E M E MT As FMT As,Af
L FM Pan L M As,Af TH F Pan L In,S TH F As,Af TH FM AS MS FMT As
Family & Species APPENDIX
Clltoria ternatea L. Cmtalaria angulala Miller Crotalaria heyneana Grah, ex WI. & Arn. , Cmtalaria retusa L. Dalbergia benthami Prain Dalbergia horrida (Dennst.) Mabb. Dalbergia latifoiia Roxb. Dalbergia sissoides Wt. & Am. Dalbergia volubilis Roxb. Derris brevipes (Benth.) Baker Derris heyneana Benth. Derris tnioliata Lour. Desrnodlurn gar~geticurn (L.) DC. Desrnod~urrr Ireleropliyllurn (Willd.) DC Desmodiurn tnquetrurn (L ) DC. Erythr~ria stricta Roxb. lndigolera 111rsuta L. Indfgofera unlflora Buch-Ham. ex Roxb. Kunslleria keralensrs Mohanan & Nair Mucurla p ru~~er~s (L ) DC. Pongamla pinnata (L.) P~erre Pseudarlhria viscida (L ) WI & Am. Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. Smithia conierta Sm. Spatholobus parv~llorus (Roxb. ex DC.: O.Ktze Tephros~a max~ma (L.) Pers. Tephros~a linctona Pers. Vigna radiata (L.) Wilz.
FABACEAE: Ml~nosoldeae Abarema bigeminum Kosterm. Acacia caesia auct. non Willd. Acacia concinna (Willd.) DC. Adenantliera pavonina L. Albizia amara (Roxb.) Boivln Albizia chinensrs (Osb.) Merr. Albizia lebbeck(L.) Willd. Albizia odoralissima (L.I.) Benth. Albizla procera (Roxb.) Benth. Entada rheedii Spreng. Mimosa pudica L. Xylia xylocarpa (Roxb.) Taub.
FLACOURTIACEAE Casearia elliptica Willd. Casearia esculanta Roxb. Casearia wynaadensis Bedd. Flacounia lndica (Burrn. 1.) Merr. Hornallurn zeylanicum (Gard.) Benth.
II Ule Forms
L TH MI MI L L MS MS L L L L T H T H T H M S MI TH L L MS TH MS T H L TH T H L
Economic Phyto Importance geography M Pan
In,S in,S
FM Pan As
M E T In T In FM As
E E
FM E M Pal F As M As FT AS FM Pan F E
E M Pan FMT Pal M AS FMT In,S M As,Au F As F In,S F As M Pal
M FM FM FMT FMT MT FMT FMT MT M M FMT
As As As As As.Au As Pal As As,Au Pan Cos As
MI M In,S MI FM As,Au MI M E MI FM Pan MS FM In,S
Family 81 Species APPENDIX II
Hydnocarpus alpina Wt. Hydnocarpus pentandra (Buch-Ham.) Oken Swlopia crenaia (Wt. & Arn.) Clos.
, Xylosma lalifoliurn J. Hk. & Thorns.
FLAGELLARIACEAE Fiagellaria indica L.
GENTIANACEAE Canscora decussala (M. Vahl) R. Br. Canscora diflusa (Wall.) R. Br.
GESNERIACEAE Rhynchoglossum noionianum (Wall.) Burt
GNETACEAE Gnelurn ula Brongn
HIPPOCRATEACEAE Loesnenella anloil~ana (Wt.) A.C.SITI Salacia fruilicosa Heyne ex Lawson Salacia oblor~ga Wail. ex Wt & Arn. Salacia reiiculala Wt.
HYDROCHARITACEAE Blyxa ociandra (Roxb.) Planchon ex Thw.
HYPOXIDACEAE Curculigo orch~oldes Gaertn
ICACINACEAE Gomphandra teirandra (Wall.) Sleumer Nothapodyles nimmoniana (Grali.) Mabb. Sarcosiigma kleinii WI. & Arn.
LAMIACEAE Anisochilus carnosus (L f ) Wail.ex Benth. Hypiis suaveoiens (L.) Poit. Leucas angular~s Benth. Leucas aspera (Willd.) Spreng. Leucas biflora (Vahl) R. Br. Oscimum sanctum L.
LAURACEAE Actinodaphne malabarica Balakr. Beilschmiedia Wiahlii (Nees) Benlh. ex J. Hk. Cassytha fililonn; L. Cinnarnomurn keralaense Koslerm. Cinnamornum malabalmm (Bum. f.) BI. Cinnarnornum quilonensis Nair & Mohanan
Life Foms Economic Phyto Imporlance geography FMT In,S
H FM As T H FM I T H M AS T H M COS T H As T H FM AS
MS FM E M S M E P FM Pan M S E M S F E MS FM E
Family & Species APPENDIX II
Life Forms
Cinnamomum nparium Gamble Cinnamomum sulphuraturn Nees Cinnan~omum verurn Presl. Litsea coriacea (Heyne ex Meissn.) J. Hk. Litsea deccanensis Gamble Litsea floribunda (Blume) Gamble Litsea keralana Kosterm. Litsea nigrescens Gamble Neoiitsea cassia (L.) Kosterm. Persea macrarltha (Nees) Kosterm.
LECYTHIDACEAE Barnr~yloriia ecutar~g~lla (L ) Gaertn. Careya arborea Roxb.
LEEACEAE Leea indica (Burm. 1.) Merr.
LENTIHULARIACEAE Utricularia gramin~folta Vahl Utnculana uliginosa Vahl
Asparagus gonoclados Baker Asparagus recemosus Willd ~hloroph~lum atfenualum (WI ) Baker Chloroptiylum laxurn (R. Br.) J . Hk. Gloriosa superba L.
LINACEAE Hugonia mystax L.
LOGANIACEAE Fagraea ceyianica Thunb. Strychnos nux-vomica L. Strychnos wallichiana Slued. ex DC.
LORANTHACEAE Dendrophthoe falcata (L.I.) Etting. Helixanthera wallichiana (Schull.) Danser Viscum orientale Willd.
LYTHRACEAE Lagerslroemia hirsula (Lamk.) Willd. Lagerstroemia microcarpa Wt. Rotala cookii Joseph & Sivar. Rotala indica (Willd.) Koehne Rotala malampuzhensis R.V. Nalr ex Cook
Economic Phyto Importance geography F E F E FM As T E T In,S
E F E
E FMT E MT In,S
MS FMT As.Au M S FMT As
G FM In,S G FM As G E G Pan G M Pal
M S FMT As M S FT In TH E TH Pan T H E
Family & Species
MAGNOLIACEAE Michelia charnpaca L.
MALPIGHIACEAE Hiptage benghalensis (L.) Kurz
MALVACEAE Abutilon indicurn (L.) Sweet Hibiscus acuiealus auct. non Walter Hibiscus tiliaceus L. Sida acula Burm, f . Sida beddomel Jacob. Sida cordifolia L. Sida rhombifoCa L Urena lobata L.
MARANTACEAE Schurnannianthus virgatus (Roxb.) Rolle Stachyphiynlum spicatum (Roxb.) K Schum
APPENDIX II Lile Forms
MELASTOMATACEAE Melastoma malabathricum L Memecylon malabancum (Clarke) Cogn. Memecylon urnbellaturn N . Burman ~ s b e c k i a aspera (L.) €11. Osbeckia reticulata Bedd. Osbeckia virgata D. Don ex Wt. & Arn. Sonerila rheedri Wt. & Arn.
MELIACEAE Aglaia eleagnoidea (Juss.) Benlh. Aglaia mdica (J. Hk.) Harms Aphanamixis polystachya (Wall.) Parker Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Dysoxyium malabaricurn Bedd, ex Hiern Melia dubia Cav Naregamta alata Wt. & Arn. Toona oilata Roe~n. Tr~chiiia connaroides ( Wt. & Arn.) Benlv.
MENISPERMACEAE Anamirta cocculus (L.) Wt. & Arn. Cissa~i?peios pariera L, Coscinium fenestraturn (Gaertn.) Colebr. Cydea arnotfii M~ers Cyclea peltata (Poir.) J. Hk. & Thorns. Diploclisia glaucescens (61.) Diels T inos~ors cordifolia Nil ld.) Miers. ~inosbora sinensis (Lour.) Merr.
Economic Phylo Imporlance geography
FMT AS
FM Pan FM Pan FM Pan M Pan
E M Pan M Pan FM Pan
FM As E
FMT As FMT In FT E T Pal M E FMT As,Au M As
M As FM Pan M As FM In,S M In,S M As M In,S M In
Family & Species
MOLLUGINACEAE Moliugo pentaphylla L. Glinus oppositifolius (L.) DC.
MORACEAE Antiaris toxicaria Lesch. An'ocarpus gomezianus Wall, ex Trecul Adocarpus helerophyllus Larnk. Adocarpus hirsutus Larnk. Ficus amplissima J.E. Sm. Ficus arnotllar~a (Mlq.) Miq. Ficus ber~gliale~~sis L. Ficus callosa Willd. Ficus dalliousiae Miq Ficus drupacea Thun b. Ficus exasperala Vahl Ficus hlspida L.1. Ficus nervosa Heyne ex Rolh Ficus racemosa L. Ficus rehg~osa L FICUS taibo1t11 King FICUS t~rrctona F0rst.f. Ficus lsjahela Burrn. 1. Streblus asper Lour
APPENDIX II
MYRlSTlCACEAE Gymnacrar~lliera Iarqul~ar~aria (J. Hk. & Ttio~ns.) Knema atlenuala (J. Hk. & Thorns) Warb. Myrislica daclyloides Gaerlr~ . Myristica magnifica Bedd. Myristica malabarica Larnk.
MYRSINACEAE Embelia ribes Burrn. I. Maesa indica (Roxb.) A.DC.
MYRTACEAE Syzygium caryophyllalum (L.) Alston Syzygium chavaran (Bourd.) Gamble Syzygium cumlni (L ) Skeels Syzygium gardneri Th w. Syzygium laelum (Buch.-Ham.) Gandhi Syzygium mundagam (Bourd.) Chitra Syzygium munronii (Wt.) Chandr. Syzygium occidentale (Bourd.) Gandhl Syzygium travancoricum Gamble Syzygium zeylanlcum (L.) DC.
Lile Forms Economic Phy lo Importance geography
FMT FMT FMT FMT M M FMT T M M M FM
FM FM M FMT FM M
M S FT AS M S T E M S FMT E MS FT E MS FMT E
M T FMT FT F FT T
In,S E In,S In,S E E E E E As Pan
Family & Species
NYCTAGINACEAE Boerhavia diffusa L.
NYMPHAEACEAE Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. Nymphaea nouchali Burm. I Nymphaea pubescens Willd.
OCHNACEAE Gompliia serrata (Gaerin.) Kanis
OLACACEAE Anacolosa detis~flora Bedd. Olax scandens Roxb Strombosia ceyianica Gard.
OLEACEAE Chionanlhus mala-elengi (Dennst.) Green Jasminum angust~foi~~im (L.) Willd Jasminum azoricum sensu Burrn. I Jasminum calophylium Wall, ex DC. Jasminum malabaricum WI. Jasminum rnulliflorum (Burm. I.) Andr Jasminum rottler~anum Wall. e; A.DC. Myxopyrum smilacifoiium 81. Olea dioica Roxb
APPENDIX II
OPlLlACEAE Cansjera rheed~i J. Grnelin
ORCHIDACEAE Acampe praemorsa (Roxb.) Blatler & McCann Aendes crlspum Lindl. Bulbophyllum neilgherrense Wt. Dendrobium rnacroslachyum Lindl. Eulophia spectabilis ~ e n n s t . Habenaria viridiflora (Sw.) R. Br. Malaxis rheedii Sw. Nervilia aragoana Gaud. Nervilia infundibulilolia Blatt. & Mc Cann. Nelvilia prainiana (King & Pantl.) Seidenf & Srn Oberonia brunoniana Wt. Porpax reliculata Lindl. Rhynchoslylis relusa (L.) BI. Tropidia angulosa (Lindley) Blurne Vanda tessellata (Roxb.) Hook. ex Don
Lile Forms Economic Phyto Importance geography
In M In,S F In,S F E F E
As M In M As FMT As
OROBANCHACEAE Aeginetia indica L.
Family & Species APPENDIX II
Life Forms Economic Phyto Imporlance geography
OXALIDACEAE Biophytum newifollum Thw. In,S
As In,S In,S Cos
Biophytum reinwardtii (Zucc.) Klotz. Biophytum sensitlvum DC, var. candolleanum Biophytum sensitivum DC. var, sensitivum (L.) DC. Oxalis corniculata L.
PALMAE Borassus flabellifer L. FMT PANDANACEAE Pandanus canarense Warb. Pandanus odoratissimum L.
PASSIFLORACEAE Passiflora foetida L.
PEDALIACEAE Pedal~urn murex L. Sesamum laciniatum Klein ex Willd.
PIPERACEAE Peperomia pellucida (L.) H. B.K. Piper longum L. Piper nigrum L.
PLUMBAGINACEAE Plumbago rosea L. Plurnbago zeylan~ca L.
Cul Pal
POACEAE Apluda rnulica L. Arund~nella pum~ia (A. Rich.) SLeudel. Auxonopus compressus (Sw.) P. Beauv. Bambusa bambos (L.) Voss Bracti~aria seniiveriic~llata (Rotller) Alston Cynodon dactyion (L.) Pers. Cyriococcum trigonum (Retz.) A. Camus Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Beauv Digitana ciliaris (Retz.) Koel. Echinochola crusgalii (L.) P. Beauv. Heteropogon contorlus (L.) P. Beauv. Ochlandra rheedii (Kunth) Bennth. & J. Hk. Ochlandra lravancorica Bedd. Oplismenus burmannh (Relz.) P. Beauv. Panicurn paludosum Roxb. Panicum repens L. Paspalurn dislichum L. Perotis indica (L.) 0. Kuntz.
As,Au As,Af Pal In,S As,Af As As Cos Pal Pan Cos E In Pan Pan Pan Pan As
FMT F FM F
Family & Species
Spinifex littoreus ( B u n . I.) Merr. Themeda lremula (Steud.) Hack. Therneda friartdra Forssk.
POLYGALACEAE Polygala elongala Klein ex Willd. Polygonurn chinense L.
APPENDIX
PONTEDERIACEAE Eichhornla crassipes (C. Maritus) Soims-Laub Monochoria vaginalis (Burrn. 1.) Presl ex Kunth
PORTULACEAE Porlulaca oleracea L.
RANUNCULACEAE Naraveba reylanica (L.) DC.
RHAMNACEAE Zizyphus glabemrr~a Santapau Zizyphus oenoplia (L.) Mill Zizyphus rugosa Lamk.
RHIZOPHORACEAE Blepharistemma membran~folia (Mlq.) Ding Hou Blepharislemma serralum (Dennst.) Carallia brachiaia (Lour.) Merr.
ROSACEAE Prunus ceylanica (WI.) Miq.
RUBIACEAE Canthiurn anguslifolfum Roxb. Canlhium coromandelicum (Burm. I.) Alston Canlhium oarwflorum Lam. Calunareiam spmosa (Thunb.) Tirveng. Chasaiia ophioxyloides (Wall.) Craib. Coffea lravancorensis Wt.& Am. Geophila repens (L.) Johnst. Haldina cordifolia (Roxb.) Ridsd. Hedyolis auricularia L. Hedyolis coiymbosa (L.) Lamk. Hedyolis diflusa Willd. Hedyotis trinema (Retz.) Roem. 8 Schult. Hedyotis wynaadensis Hymenodiclyon orixense (Roxb.) Wall. ex DC. Ixora brachiafa Roxb. ex DC. lxora coccinea L. Ixora johnsonii J. Hk.
II Llle Forms Emwnic Phyto
Importance geography T H As TH F In,S TH F Pan
H F Pan T H As
T H FM Pan
MI FMT In,S L FM As,Au L FM As
MS FMT As
In As As As As In,S Pan AS As,Au Pan As As,Af E As E Cul E
Family & Species
lxora leucanlha Heyne I xon nigricans A. Br. ex Wt. & Arn. lxora pavetta Andrews Knoxia mollis R.Br. ex Wt. & Am, Mitragyna parviilora (Roxb.) Korth. Morinda citrifolia L. Morlnda pubescens J.E. Sm. Morinda umbellala L. Mussaenda bellila abuch.-Ham. Mussaenda glabrala (J. Hk.) Hutch ex Gamble Neanotis hohenackerl Daniel & Vajravelu Ochreinauclea mission~s (Wa1l.e~ G.Don) Ridsd. Ophiorrfiiza mungos L. Pavetla zeylart~ca Gan~ble Pavetta indica L. Psychofria dalzelh~ J. H k. Psycholria Navida Talbot Psycholria macrocarpa J Hk. Psycholria nigra (Gaertn.) Alston Psychofria sarmenlosa €31. Randia rugulosa Thw. Saprosma iragrans Bedd. Saprosma glomeratum (Gard.) Bedd. Spermacoce arl~cularis L.f. Spermacoce hisprda auct , non L. Spermacoce pusilia Wall. Tricalysia apiocarpa Gamble
APPENDIX I I Life Forms
MI MI MI TH MS MI M S M S MI MI T H MS TH MI MI TH T H T H T H T H MI MI MI T H T H TH MI
R U T A C E A E Acronycl~ia pedur~culata (L.) Miq. Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr.Serr. Afalantia monophylla (L.) Corr.Serr. Euodia lunu-ankenda (Gaertn.) Merr. Glycosmis arborea (Roxb.) DC Glycosmis cymosa (Kurz) Narayanaswamy Glycosmis penlaphyila (Retz.) DC. Luvuriga sarmerilosa (Blurr~e) Kurz. Murraya par~iculala (L.) Jack Naringi crenulata (Roxb.) Nicols Paramignya armata (Thw ) Oliver Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lamk Vepris bilocularis (Wt. & Arn.) Enyl. Zanfhoxylum rbelsa (Roxb.) DC.
SABIACEAE Meliosma simplicifoiia (Roxb ) Walp. S A N T A L A C E A E Santalum album L. Sderopyrum pentandrum (Dennst.) Mabb.
Economic Phyto Importance geography
E M As
In,S AS
FMT As FM AS T As FM As,Au FM E M 1n.S
In E
M As In,S
FM As,Au E E E In,S
M As In,S E E As,AI As Pan
T E
FM As FM As MT AS T As M In,S
As,Au FM AS
As M Cul MT As M In,S FM As,At FMT As FMT AS
Family & Species
SAPINDACEAE ANophylus cobbe (L.) Raeusch. Canliosper~rru~fr lralicacaburrr L. . Dimocarpus 1011gan Lour. Harpullia arborea (Blanco) Radlk. Lepisanthes tetraphylia (Vahl) Radlk. Sapindus emarginafus Vahl Sapindus laurifolius Vahl Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken
SAPOTACEAE Chryso~d~yllurr~ roxburgl~ri G.Dori Isooa~ldra la~rceoiata WI. Madhuca long~fol~a (L.) Macbr Madhuca neriifolia (Moon) Lam. Mtmusops elengi L.
SCROPHULARIACEAE Adenosma indicum (Lour.) Merr Bacopa hamiltoniana (Benth.) Wettst. Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell Centranthera nepalensis D.Donn Limnophila indica (L.) Druce Limnoph~la repens (Bent.) Benth. Lindernia antipoda (L.) Alslon Lindern~a ciliata (Colsm ) Pennel Lindemta crustaea (L.) F. Muell. Lindernia oppositifol~a (Retz.) Mukerjee Mecardonia procumbens (Mill.) Small Microcarpaea minima (J. Koenig) Merr. Ramphicarpa longtflora (Arn.) Benth. Scoparta dulcis L. Strrga asiabca (L.) 0. Ktze. Torenia bicolor Dalz.
SIMAROUBACEAE Ailanthus triphysa (Dennst.) Alston Samadera indica Gaertn.
SMILACACEAE Smilax aspera L. Smilax zeylanica L. Sm~lar perfoliala Lour. Smilax prolifera Roxb.
SOLANACEAE Datura metel L. Physalis angulata L.
APPENDIX II Life Forms Economic Phyto
lrnportance geography
MS M L M MS FMT M S FM MS MS F MS FM M S FMT
MS FT MS T MS FM MS M MS FMT
MS FMT MS FMT
As.Au Pan As As As As As As
In 111
Pal In Pan As AS AS Pan E I As,Au In I As,AI E
Pal As 111,s
In,S
I Pan
Family & Species
Solanum anguivi Lamk. Solanum nigrum auct.,non L. Solanum lowum Sw.
STAPHYLEACEAE Turpinia malabarica Gamble Turpinia nepalensis Wt. & Arn.
APPENDIX II Life F o n s
STERCULIACEAE Helicteres isora L. Pterospermum reticulatum Wt. 8 Arn Pterospermum rublginosum Heyne ex Wt. 8 Arn Slerculia gullala Roxb. ex DC. Slerculia urens Roxb. Waltheria indlca L.
SYMPLOCACEAE Symplocos coch~ncl)~nensis (Lour.) Moore Symplocos racernosa Roxb.
TlLlACEAE Grewla nervosa (Lour.) Pan~gr. Grewia lili~folia Vahl Grewia umbeilifera Bedd. Triumfetta rhomboldea Jaca.
ULMACEAE Ceitis ph~lippens~s Blanco Holoptelea integrifoila (Roxb.) Planch. Trema orienlai~s (L.) BI.
URTICACEAE Boehmeria glomerulifera Miq. Debregeasia iongifolia (Burm. f . ) Wedd. Elatostema l~neolatum Wt. Laportea crenulala Gaud. Pouzoizia zeylanica (L.) Benn.
VERBENACEAE Callicarpa tomentosa (L.) Murr. Clerodendrum indicum (L.) Kuntze Clerodendrurn inerme (L.) Gaert. Clerodendrum paniculatum L. Clerodendrurn serratum (L.) Moon Clerodendrurn viscosum Vent. Gmelina arborea Roxb. Lantana camara L. Premna coriacea CI. Premna latifolia Roxb.
Economic Phyto Importance geography FM Pan FM Cos FM Pan
FM As,Au T E T E FM As FMT AS FM Pan
FMT As,Au FMT E
FM As FMT As,Af
E M As,Af
T As FMT As FM As,AI
MT In,S M As M As
In,S M As M As FMT As M I M In M In,S
Family & Species
Prmna semtifolia L. Prenvla lorrletrlosa Willd. Tectona grandis L.f. Vitex altissima L.f. Vitex leucoxylon L.f. Vitex negundo L. Vifex frifolia L.
APPENDIX
VITACEAE Ampelocissus indica (L . ) Ampelocissus latifolia (Vahl) Planch. Cayratia mollissirna (Wall.) Gagn. Cayratia pedala (Lour.) A.L. Juss. ex Gagnepain Cayratia tnfolia (L.) Domin. Cissus discolor BI. C~ssus glauca Ganible Cissus pallida Planchon C~ssus quadrangulans L.
XANTHOPHYLLACEAE Xanthopl~ylium arnottranum WI.
XYRIDACEAE Xyris indica L. Xyris pauc~flora Willd.
ZINGIBERACEAE Costus spec~osus (Koenig) Sm. Curcurr~a arrrada Roxb. Curcuma aromatics Sallsb. Curcuma decipiens Dalz. Curcuma ecalearata Sivar. B Balachandran Curcuma neilgtierrensis Wt. Curcuma oligantha Trim Curcuma pseudomontana Grah. Globba ophioglossia Wt. Zingiber cemum Dalz. Bngiber neesanum (Grah.) Ramam. Zingiber purpureum Roscoe
II Life Forms Economic PhytO
Importance geography MI M In MS MT 1n.S MS MT As M S MT As MI MT In,S M S FM As MS M As,Au
APPENDIX Ill Wlld Relative of Cultlvars
ANACARDIACEAE Mangifera indica L.
APOCYNACEAE Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth, ex Kurz Rauvolfia tetraphylla L.
ARACEAE Amorphophailus hohenacken'(Schott.) Engl Arnorphophallus svlvaticus Colocasia esculanta (L ) Scholt
CAESALPINIACEAE Tamar~ndus ir~dica L.
CLUSIACEAE Garc~r~ia gun~m~gutta (L.) Robs. Garcinia indica (Thouras) Choisy Garcinia morella Desr. Garcinia pictorius Roxb Garcinia talbotil Ralz & Sanl.
COMBRETACEAE Terminalia catappa L.
CUCURBITACEAE Tflchosanthes cucumerina L.
DIOSCOREACEAE Dioscorea bulb~fera L. Dioscorea opposit~folia L. Dioscorea pentaphylla L. Dioscorea tomentosa Spreng.
EUPHORBIACEAE Embhca off~cinalis Gaerln.
LAURACEAE Cinnamomum keralaense Kosterm. Cinnamomum malabat~lll(8un~1.f.) 81. Cinnamomunr quilonensis Nair & Mohanan Cinnamomum riparium Gamble Cinnamomum sulphuratum Nees Cinnamomum verum Presl.
LILIACEAE Asparagus gonociados Baker Asparagus racemosus Willd.
MORACEAE Altocarpus gomezianus Wall. ex Trecul Altocarpus heterophyllus Lamk. Altocarpus hlrsutus Lamk.
MYRISTICACEAE Myristica dactyloides Gaerln. Myristrca n~agr~ilica Bedd. Myristica malabanca Larnk.
MYRTACEAE Syzyyium cl~avarar~ (Bourd.) Gamble Syzygicmr curnirri (L ) Skeels Syzygium gardnen Thw. Syzygium iaetuni (Buch.-Ham.) Gandhi Syzyg~um nllir~dagarri (Bourd ) Chitra Syzy:iil/ifi riior~ior~r~ (Wt ) Chandr. Syzyg~lim travanconcunl Gamble Syzygium zeylanic~~m (L.) DC.
PALhlAE Borassus llabell~fer L.
PEDALIACEAE Sesair~~inf lac~ninturii Kle~ri ex Willd.
PIPERACEAE Piper longum L P~per nigrum L
POACEAE Pariicc~m paludosum Roxb.
RHAMNACEAE Z~zy[ilius glabemrr~a Sar~lapau Zizyplius oenopiia (L.) Mill Zizyptic~s nlgosa La~rik.
RUBIACEAE Collea travancorens~s W1.B Arn.
RUTACEAE Aegle niartnelos (L.) Corr.ex Serr.
SOLANACEAE Sobriciir~ anguivi Lamk Solanurfi rligrurr? L. Solanum tonfum Sw.
ZINGIBERACEAE Coslus speciosus (Koenig) Sm. Curcuma amada Roxb. Curcuma aromatlca Salisb. Cu~cun~a dec~p~ens Dalz. Curcuma ecalearata Sivar. 8 Balachandran Cl~ra~i i ia ~re~lgl~errensis Wt. Curclirf~a ol~gantl~a Trlni Curcutna pseudornontana Grah. Z~npber neesanom (Grah.) Rarnam. Z~~r;]~ber plr~p~irl?l~iri lloscoe
APPENDIX IV
Code number and Name of species, used For cluster analysis
Code No. Species Name 1 1 Acronychra pedunculata (L.) Miq. 1 2 Aclr r~odapl~r~e n~n ln l n r~ca Bnlekr.
1 3 Adenanthera pavonrna L. 1 6 Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr.ex Serr.
2 2 Aglara eleagnoldea (Juss.) Benth. 2 4 Arlanthus trrphysa (Dennst.) Alston.
2 7 Alb~zra lebbeck (L ) Wllld 3 0 Allophyllus cobbe L.
3 1 Alston~a scholarrs (L.) R. Br.
4 3 Antrans toxicarra Lesch.
4 5 Apharianirxrs polystacl~ya (Wall.) Parker
4 8 Aporusa Irndleyana (Wt.) Ba~ll .
5 5 Artocnrpus lieteropliyllus Lamk
5 6 Arlocarpus /J/rsutus Larnk
6 4 Atalantra monophylla (L.)Corr ex Serr
7 3 Ban~busa bnmbos (L.) Voss 8 7 Bleptiar~sterrrr?in n ~ e r ~ ~ b r a r ~ r l o l ~ a (Mlq.) D ~ n g Hou
9 1 Bombax ceiba L
9 5 Brrdelra arry-shawl/ P.T . A l l 97 Buchanania lanceolata Wt
1 0 0 Butea monosperma (Larn.) Taubert
1 0 7 Cnlopl~ylluni c a l ~ b n L
1 0 8 Calopliylluni inopl~yl lum L
1 2 0 Carallla brachrata (Lour.) Merr.
1 2 2 Careya arborea Roxb
1 2 3 Caryota urens L.
1 2 8 Cassra fistula L.
1 4 2 Chronantlius mnla-elengr (Dennst.) Green
1 4 9 Cinnanlomum n~alnbatrum (Burm.1.) BI
1 5 0 Crnnarnonlum quilonensrs Nair 8 Mohanan
1 5 2 C l l l ~ l ~ ~ l l ~ l l ~ ~ l l l ~ ~ / p / l ~ l ~ f l l l l ~ Nees
1 5 3 Cinnarnon~uni verun~ Presl.
2 0 3 Cycas crrcrnalrs L.
2 2 4 Dillenra pentagyna Roxb.
2 3 5 Drospyros malabnrrcun~ (Desr.) Kosterrn.
2 3 8 Drospyros panrculata Dalz.
2 5 4 Elaeocnrpus t u b e r ~ u l ~ ~ f ~ ~ s Roxb.
2 6 9 Euodrn lur,u-ankendn (Gaertti.) Merr.
2 7 6 Ffci~s ber~glialer~srs L
2 7 9 Frcus exasperala Vahl
2 8 1 FICUS racernosa L.
2 8 2 FICUS relrgiosa L.
2 8 4 FICUS fsjnlieln Bur111 f . ,
HPPklJUl+. I V
Code number and Name of species, used for cluster analysis
Code No. Species Name 2 8 8 Garcrnra gummi-gutta ( L ) Robs. 2 9 0 Garcrrlrn, ti~orcllrr (C3nert1i ) Dosr. 2 9 1 Garcmta p~ctorrus Roxb.
3 0 7 Gontothalan1us cardropetalus (Dalz.) J . Hk. & Thorns 3 1 0 Gre wra t r l~~ lo l ra Vahl
3 1 2 Gyrnnacranthera farquharrana J. Hk & Thorns. 3 1 7 Haldrna cordrfolra (Roxb.) Rrdsd.
31 9 Harpullra arborea (Blanco) Radlk. 3 3 0 Holarrhena pubescens (Buch-Ham.)Wall.ex G.Don 3 3 1 Hol~garna arriottrnna J Hk. 3 3 4 Holoptelea ~ n t e g r ~ f o l ~ n (Roxb.) Planch. 3 3 8 Hopea pnrvfflora Bedd 3 3 9 Hopea pongn (Dennst ) Mabb 3 4 4 Hydriorarp[is a l l ~ ~ t i n WI 3 4 5 Hydr,ocarpus peritaridrn (Bircti-Harn.) Oken 3 6 1 Isonandra Inrrceolata Wt 3 6 2 lxorn Drncl11ntn Roxb ex DC
3 8 1 Knerria atrenunfa (J Hk 8 Thorns) Warb.
3 8 6 L a g e r s t r o e ~ v ~ a l~ i r su ta (Larnk.) Wllld. 3 8 7 Lagerstroenira nircrocarpa W t
3 8 8 Lnnnen coro~rlnndel~cn (Houtt ) Merr 4 0 5 Lrtsea cor~ncea (Heyrie ex Meissn ) J Hk. 4 0 7 L~tse;? krrnl.1/1.7 K C ) S ~ E ~ I I I 4 1 1 Lopl~opetn lun~ ~v~glrtrnriuni Arn 4 1 3 Mnrnrnng.7 peltnt;r (Roxb ) Milell.-Ary 4 1 4 Mad l~uca Iorigifol~a (L . ) Macbr.
4 1 6 Madhuca nerl~folia (Moon) Lam. 4 1 9 Mnllotus pl~rlrpper1srs (Lr71nk.) Mitell.-Arg. 4 2 1 Mangrfera irldrca L. 4 2 2 Maslixta arborea (Wt . ) ssp rneziana Wang
4 2 8 Menlecylon n~a labar~cu i?~ (Clarke) Cogn. 4 2 9 Menlecylon umbellnta Burm f
4 3 2 Mesua ferrea L. 4 3 6 Mrlrusa wrght~ana J. Hk & Thorns. 4 3 8 M~rnusops elengl L. 4 4 3 Mor~nda pubescens J.E. Srn 4 4 4 Morrndn ur?ibellnta L . 4 5 2 Myrrst~ca dnctylotdes G aertn
4 5 4 Myrrstrca nlalabarrca Larnk. 4 7 0 Ocl7landra r l ~ e e d ~ r (Kuntti) Bentll. Cc J . Hk. 4 7 7 Olea dto~cn Roxb.
5 0 1 Persea nracarantl~a (Nees) Kosterm.
5 1 3 Plunrerrn rubra L.
APPENDIX 1V
Code number and Name of species, used for cluster analysis
Code No. Species Na~rie 515 ~ o l ~ a l l l i r i Irayrnrrs (Dalz ) Bedd 516 Polyalthra korrnt~ (Dunal) Benth & J. Hk. 520 Pongan~ra ptnnata (L ) P~er re
539 Pterospermum retrculntum W t . & Arn.
559 Salacra reliculala Wt
560 Samadera rridrca Gaer tn.
56 1 Saritnlunt alburn L 5 6 2 Snp~rlclirs P I ~ ~ . ? I C J I I I ; I ~ ~ I S Vatd '3 0 4 S , J / ) I I / I I ~ ! 1 1 ~ . 1 1 / r r r , (I {~by l~b ) I IIIIII-II
5 6 7 Saraca asocn (Roxl, ) de Wllld. 57 1 Schlercl~ern oleosa (Lour ) Oken 574 Scoloprn crerintn (Wt & Arn ) Clos
599 Sterculra guttata Roxb ex DC
60 1 Stereospernrunr ctielortordes non (L.f.) DC. 602 Streblus asper Lour
605 Strombosta ceylanrcn Gard
607 Stryclrnos rtux-vorrrrca L. 61 1 Syzygtut~i occtderrtnle (Bourd ) Gandht
613 Syzygtuni c l~nvaran (Bourd.) Gamble
622 Tamarrridus rndrca L
6 2 3 Tectona grartdrs L I. 6 2 7 Terrrrrtial~a bellrrtca (Gaertn.) Roxb. 628 Terr~r~nalra ca tnppa L.
629 Ternt~r~altn crenulnln Heyrie ex Roth
630 Ternirnalra panrculata Roth
632 Tetranteles nudrflorn R.Br
648 Trerrra orrentalrs (L ) 81. 665 Vaterrn rndtca L 666 Vatrca clirnensrs L. 673 V~tex alt~ssrnia L I. 675 Vrtex negundo L 679 Wrrglitra l~nctorra (Roxb.) R Br.
68 1 Xylra xylocatpn (Roxb.) Taub.
689 Zarithoxylum rlietsa (Roxb.) DC. 700 Plurr~erra accfnttnatn R Br
709 FICUS lrrictorrn For st.( 71 1 Antrdesma buntus (L.) Spreng.
APPENDIX V
Correspondence analysis First Step
Total inertia 8.65974 - All contributions are ~n 1/10000
Absolute contributions to different axes by groves
Grove No. Axis 1 Axis 2 Axis 3 Axis 4 1 0 1 2 6 13 2 18 2 0 1 3 1 1 1 1 4 4 1 54 4 5 2 0 0 0 1 6 1 1 16 17 7 9 0 70 1 8 2 1 29 45
10 19 0 3 4 2 11 2 0 0 3 12 6 0 10 46 13 0 1 0 3 14 15 1 3 7 15 0 0 23 8 16 2 4 0 1 17 5 1 5 2 2 18 2 7 4 3 19 2 0 3 0 5 20 6 3 3 8 9 2 1 0 3 15 15 2 2 8 0 1 7 23 18 0 1 1 24 8 0 0 10 2 5 40 2 1 0 26 13 1 6 6 15 27 1 1 2 0 2 8 2 0 3 8 29 3 0 1 11 3 0 2 0 14 1 3 1 1 0 7 1 32 2 0 4 1 0 33 10 0 0 16 3 4 2 1 6 16 35 3 1 2 6 3 8 3 6 0 1 0 4 2 37 0 2 7 4 3 8 4 0 57 11 39 2 0 10 3 4 1 5 0 2 0 4 2 0 3 15 15 4 3 19 4 7 2 0 44 15 4 0 3 4 5 1 1 5 9 15 46 4 3 5 1
A P P E N D I X V
Grove No. 4 7 48 4 9 50 5 1 52 53 5 4 5 5 56 5 7 58 5 9 60 6 1 6 2 63 64 6 5 66 6 7 68 69 7 0 7 1 72 7 3 74 7 5 76 7 7 78 79 8 0 8 1 82 83 84 85 8 6 8 7 8 8 89 9 0 9 1 9 2 9 3 9 4 9 5 9 6 97 9 8
Axis 1 5
Axis 2 3
Axis 3 27
Axis 4 3 6
A P P E N D I X V
Grove 99
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 11 1 112 113 114 115 116 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151
No. Axis 1 0 1 0
Axis 2 0 1
10 12 0 1 4 1 0 1
Axis 3 6
19 475 32 7
1 78
146 13 3 8 2 2 1 4
76 36 1 288 378 130
1 2 5
0 1 2 2 2
22 4 4 1
2 0 10 4
3 6 18 5 2 2 1
14 2
18 1 6 2 0 4 8
Axis 4
A P P E N D I X V
Grove No. 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201
Axis 1 114 2 1 16 26 9 3 46 15 6 2 85
7
Axis 2 2 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 7 0
Axis 3 15 2 2
1 2
11
Axis 4 27
1 1 1 1 0 7
11 74
APPENDIX V
Grove 205
Axls 2 10 9
10 12 0 5 1 2 0 6
14
Axis 3 2
74 2 4 0
11 6
2 1 5 4 5 9
10 4
13 1 8
Axis 4 774 31 3 774 886
1 1
14 5 9 3 3
2 8 4 0 4
30 56 14 8
A P P E N D I X V
Grove 26 1 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 27 1 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 28 1 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298
No. Axis 1 58 126 5 40 45 114
Axis 2 4 12
0 17 3 5 10 2 1 9 5 9 2 1 4 0 0 2 3 0 0 3 59 2 1 0 5 1 1 0 1 0 1 19 14 26 3 3 3 0 1 4 0 0 1 16 1 1 0 4 5 5 0 14
Axis 3 32 0 2
Axis 4
A P P E N D I X V
Grove 313 314 31 5 316 31 7 318 31 9
No. Axis 1 2 0 7
206 2 7
3 4
17
Axis 2 5 7
.6008 6 2 2 4 0
2 4 4 0
12 3 1 3 2 0 1 4 0 1 0 3
Axis 3 1
40 124 117
Axis 4 4 1
Appendix V
Absolute contributions to different axes by species.
Species 11 12 13 16 2 2 2 4 26 27 3 0 3 1 43 45 48 5 5 56 64 7 3 8 7 9 1 95 97
100 107 108 120 122 123 128 142 149 150 152 153 203 224
Code Axis 1 13 6 2 73 2 5 17 58
1 17 2 5 4 3
141 1 1
1
Axis 2 10 5 6 3 0
Axis 4 43
3 654
2 3 25
4 6 4 10 6 9
38 107
40 2 3 0
27 6
Appendix V
Species 307 31 0 312 317 319 330 33 1 334 338 339 344 345 36 1 362 38 1 386 387 388 405 407 41 1 413 414 416 419 42 1 422 428 429 432 436 438 443 444 452 454 470 477 50 1 513 515 516 520 539 559 560 561 562 564 567 571 574
Code Axis 1 115 105
0
Axis 2 16
. 12 14 10
1 12
1 2 1 0 5
12 9 0
4 3 3 1 34
1
Axis 4 3 9
8 60 4 2 23
282 89 46
9 140 313
6 167
14 0 9
Species 599
Code Axis 1 108
Appendix V
Axis 2 , 19
10 0 8 9 2 1 0 0
35 1 18 35 3 8
1 1
36 1
8583 129 2 3 16 3 3 6
Axis 4 0
Appendix V I
Correspondence Analysis Third Step.
Total inertia 5.10441 8 All contributions are in 1110000
Absolute contributions to different axes by groves
Code No. Axis 1 2 1 3 27
13 33 16 2 19 5 5 2 1 44 22 19 24 2 4 2 7 4 28 2 29 14 3 0 10 3 1 10 33 35 3 4 3 7 3 6 3 1 3 7 12 4 1 3 4 2 44 44 1 49 13 5 1 14 5 2 59 54 49 55 42 57 25 6 1 15 6 8 4 1 69 6 7 2 5 6 7 4 0 75 23 76 9 8 1 27 8 3 1 84 19 8 5 54 8 6 62 8 7 5 5 8 8 73 9 0 4 5 9 1 7 9 2 8 9 3 3 1 94 9
Axis 40
2 33 5 4 39
2 38 2 5
0 4
2 6 2 9
0 4 7 10
142 2 3 2
4 5 3
12 5
9 8 5 7
0 2
34 9 2 0 3 0
12 13 3 1 28 2 4 37 94
0 3 2 2
12
2 Axis 3 Axis 4 30 189
156 29 6 8 1 62 111 19 18
106 161 6 1 0 5 8 5 4
11 8 3 7 6 6
272 2 12 0 39 17
1 4 4 66 143
8 2 2 1 82
106 161 3 3 140 7 1 16 4 1 3
3 3 142 314
8 2 0 3 1 2
2 3 4 4 1
3 7 2 1 4 1 1 11 1
11 3 3 5 8
6 18 33 8
1 3 5 3 114 1 0 9 11
21 1 15 22 3 4
107 165 1 0 1 13
18 8
Appendix
C o d e 9 5 97 9 8 99
100 103 106 107 108 109 110 112 113 119 121 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 131 132 136 137 138 139 140 142 143 144 146 147 148 149 150 153 157 158 162 171 172 174 177 178 179 180 182 184 187 189
No. Axis 1 8 6 8 1 18 2 8
0 3 4 2 7
7 13 4 1 18 0
Axis 2 14 17
- 2 4 1
4 0 11 3 0
Axis 3 3
Axis 4 0 2
15 32
207 30
3 13 30
1 0
7 56 0
5 5 9 2 3 1
49 5 4 3 6 6 3
169 9 3 0
5 0 0 3
2 1 15
Appendix VI
Code 190 193 194 196 197 20 1 202 203 209 21 0 21 1 212 21 4 215 21 8
No. Axis 1 6
Axis 2 5
Axis 3 6 5 89 110 6
220 2 2 0 6 7 0
Axis 4 2 7 3 7 3 2
Appendix V I
C o d e No. Axis 1 278 127
Axis 2 Axis 3 67 2 4
Axis 4 9
Appendix V i
Absolute contributions to different axes by specles
S p e c i e s C o d e Axis 1 13 254 22 18 2 4 9 27 15 3 0 38 1 3 1 27 43 561 4 8 150 5 5 15 56 346 9 1 4 1 95 3
100 185 123 28 128 50 142 9 9 149 206 152 108 153 0 203 176 235 2 7 238 17 269 79 279 28 28 1 3 2 29 1 3 9 330 136 33 1 124 334 76 338 26 339 6 4 345 100 362 614 386 4 5 388 252 405 49 413 54 414 3 0 416 47 42 1 5 428 164 429 48 432 20 436 15 438 67 452 18 477 3 8 513 2 516 323
Axis 2 Axis 3 296 1
48 40 8 13
30 18 2 553
135 461 9 1 14
442 192 149 252 512 34
8 5 9 2 12 155
0 127 169 9
0 2 6 2 149
133 4 9 8 6 115
6 80 1 2 0 2 2 5
3 4 69 1 6 3 1 3 8
2 7 7 5 3 1 3 137
37 198 3 8 0
1 388 252 89
66 243 59 4 5 72 7
170 11 3 33 1
2 3 9 150 12
1101 109 3 8 16
1 240 95 5 3 55 170
5 1 8 2
2 1 7 14 3 5 2 287
949 131
Axis 4 2
6 9 109 65 2
4 5 2 3
116 275
4 524
4 3 12 3 4
577 70 18
157 360
Appendix V I
Species Code Axis 1 520 43 539 128 559 1 562 242 57 1 704 574 10 599 3 15 60 1 289 602 6 8 605 5 2 607 8 0 61 1 3 61 3 2 1 62 3 689 62 7 583 630 106 632 85 648 1 665 336 673 105 679 68 1 689 214 71 1 39
Axis 3 1
5 6 2 9
693 93
6 18 6 1
9 2 80 367 706
0 2
515 60 5 0
178 177
3 537
1 298
Axis 4 8
144 164
1 62
118 64 18 9
4 2 8 4
465 171 5 7 2 6 2 9 2 8
693 253
9 9 155 149 9 5
DISTURBED EVERGREEN
Name of assoclatlon Cluster N" Vitex negundo - Alstonia scholaris 1 Strychnos nux-vomica-Morinda pubescens-Lannea coromandelica 9
Olea dioica-Strychnos nux-vomica - Tabernaemontana heyneana 1 5 Schieichera oleosa-Holigarna arnottiana-Terminalia bellirica-Tectona grandis 1 6 Artocarpus hirsulus-Holigarna arnottiana
Sapindus emarginatus-Terrnii?aiia beilirica 1 7
DECIDUOUS
Name of essoclatlon Cluster No
Xylia xylocarpa - Terminalia crenulata - Haldina cordifolia 8 Wrightia tinctoria- Strychnos nux-vomica. Aporusa lindleyana 1 8
Biological spectrum and various phytogeographical elements in the groves were also examined cluster-wise and group-wise.
BIOLOGICAL SPECTRUM
Table 11 shows the number of various life forms In all the twenty one clusters. Total life forms in each group are given after enlisting them in the clusters of their group. Biological spectrum of coastal group (Fig 23) shows a Therophytic - Mesophanerophytic - Liana complex. Considering each cluster in the group, clusters 3 and 19 have Mesophanerophytic - Therophytic - Liana complex, as is expected in a tropical lowland vegetation. But, Cluster 4 has more of Therophytes than Mesophanerophytes. This is because coastal groves though large in number (54) are smaller in extent when compared to groves of other clusters. Hence many heliophytes have invaded from all around.
Lowland evergreen and Myristica swamp groups show Mesophanerophytic - Therophytic 'Liana complexes (Fig 24 and 25). All the groves in both the groups show similar spectra individually. Myristica swamp group has the least constituent of Therophytes ( 21.70 %) in them. Lianas are more than what is found in Coastal and Lowland evergreen groups. Disturbed evergreen and Deciduous groups show Therophytic - Mesophanerophytic - Liana complex, indicating greater disturbance in them (Flg 26 and 27). Trees are least in Deciduous group (24.4%). Disturbed evergreen group stands next (27.96%). Maximum percentage of trees is in Myristica swamp group (40.57%).
