Appendix II: Useful Data - Pearson...

A-7

Appendix II: Useful Data

A. Atomic Colors

B. Standard Thermodynamic Quantities for Selected Substances at 25 °C

1 4 5 6 7 8 9

BBe C FH N O

Atomic number:

Atomic symbol:

20 29 30 35 53 54

I XeCu Zn BrCa

Atomic number:

Atomic symbol:

Si Cl KMgNa P S

11 12 14 15 16 17 19Atomic number:

Atomic symbol:

Substance

132.2

Beryllium

Be(s) 0 0 9.5

BeO(s) 13.8

45.5

Bismuth

Bi(s) 0 0 56.7

177.0

151.5

200.4

Boron

B(s) 0 0 5.9

B(g) 565.0 521.0 153.4

(continued on the next page)

-140.6-143.1Bi2S3(s)

-493.7-573.9Bi2O3(s)

-315.0-379.1BiCl3(s)

-815.0-902.5Be(OH)2(s)

-580.1-609.4

-1362.2-1473.2BaSO4(s)

S ° (J>mol # K)¢G °f (kJ>mol)¢H °f (kJ>mol)Substance

Aluminum

Al(s) 0 0 28.32

Al(g) 330.0 289.4 164.6

109.3

50.9

Barium

Ba(s) 0 0 62.5

Ba(g) 180.0 146.0 170.2

9.6

112.1

123.7

BaO(s) 72.1

-944.7Ba(OH)2(s)

-520.3-548.0

-806.7-855.0BaCl2(s)

-1134.4-1213.0BaCO3(s)

-560.8-537.6Ba2+(aq)

-1582.3-1675.7Al2O3(s)

-628.8-704.2AlCl3(s)

-325-483-538.4Al3+(aq)

S ° (J>mol # K)¢G °f (kJ>mol)¢H °f (kJ>mol)

A-8 Appendix I I : Useful Data

Substance

290.1

254.4

36.4 87.6 232.1

54.0

90.0

Bromine

Br(g) 111.9 82.4 175.0

0 0 152.2

30.9 3.1 245.5

80.71

HBr(g) 198.7

Cadmium

Cd(s) 0 0 51.8

Cd(g) 111.8 77.3 167.7

115.3

CdO(s) 54.8

CdS(s) 64.9

123.0

Calcium

Ca(s) 0 0 41.6

Ca(g) 177.8 144.0 154.9

70.0

91.7

108.4

68.5

41.4

193.2

CaO(s) 38.1

83.4

106.5

236.0

Carbon

C(s, graphite) 0 0 5.7

C(s, diamond) 1.88 2.9 2.4

C(g) 716.7 671.3 158.1

186.3

234.6

270.2

177.8

201.7

309.7

216.4

218.8

129.0

32.7 242.9

126.8

239.9

227.4 209.9 200.9

52.4 68.4 219.3C2H4(g)

C2H2(g)

-162.3-201.0CH3OH(g)

-166.6-238.6CH3OH(l)

-22.5CH3NH2(g, methylamine)

-361.4-425.0CH2O2(l, formic acid)

-102.5-108.6CH2O(g)

-66.4-128.2CCl4(l)

-62.3-95.7CCl4(g)

-73.7-134.1CHCl3(l)

-63.2-124.2CH2Cl2(l)

-95.4CH2Cl2(g)

-60.2-81.9CH3Cl(g)

-50.5-74.6CH4(g)

-3884.7-4120.8Ca3(PO4)2(s)

-1322.0-1434.5CaSO4(s)

-897.5-985.2Ca(OH)2(s)

-603.3-634.9

-742.8-938.2Ca(NO3)2(s)

-142.5-181.5CaH2(s)

-1175.6-1228.0CaF2(s)

-748.8-795.4CaCl2(s)

-1129.1-1207.6CaCO3(s)

-64.9-59.8CaC2(s)

-53.1-553.6-542.8Ca2+(aq)

-822.7-933.3CdSO4(s)

-156.5-161.9

-228.7-258.4

-343.9-391.5CdCl2(s)

-73.2-77.6-75.9Cd2+(aq)

-53.4-36.3

-102.8-121.4Br-(aq)

Br2(g)

Br2(l)

-968.9-1094.3H3BO3(s)

-1194.3-1273.5B2O3(s)

B2H6(g)

-1119.4-1136.0BF3(g)

-388.7-403.8BCl3(g)

S ° (J>mol # K)¢G °f (kJ>mol)¢H °f (kJ>mol) Substance

229.2

160.7

281.6

37.2 53.6 264.0

208.5

263.8

159.8

270.3

199.8

181.1

231.0

310.0

49.1 124.5 173.4

31.6 149.2 191.9

144.0

212.1

78.5 201.6 167.4

360.24

CO(g) 197.7

213.8

117.6

91.2

187.4

151 166 118

HCN(l) 108.9 125.0 112.8

HCN(g) 135.1 124.7 201.8

89.0 64.6 151.3

116.7 67.1 237.8

283.5

2327.0 2302.0 426.0

Cesium

Cs(s) 0 0 85.2

Cs(g) 76.5 49.6 175.6

132.1

CsBr(s) 117

CsCl(s) 101.2

CsF(s) 92.8

CsI(s) 127

Chlorine

Cl(g) 121.3 105.3 165.2

0 0 223.1

56.6

HCl(g) 186.9

HCl(aq) 56.5

102.5 120.5 256.8

80.3 97.9 266.2

Chromium

Cr(s) 0 0 23.8

Cr(g) 396.6 351.8 174.5

-1971Cr3+(aq)

Cl2O(g)

ClO2(g)

-131.2-167.2

-95.3-92.3

-131.2-167.1Cl-(aq)

Cl2(g)

-337-342

-525.5-553.5

-414-438

-387-400

-292.0-258.0Cs+(aq)

C60(s)

-204.9-219.1COCl2(g)

CS2(g)

CS2(l)

CN-(aq)

-623.2-699.7H2CO3(aq)

-586.8-692.0HCO -

3 (aq)

-56.9-527.8-677.1CO 2-

3 (aq)

-386.0-413.8CO2(aq)

-394.4-393.5CO2(g)

-137.2-110.5

-1544.3-2226.1C12H22O11(s, sucrose)

C10H8(s, naphthalene)

-910.4-1273.3C6H12O6(s, glucose)

-50.4-165.1C6H5OH(s, phenol)

C6H5NH2(l, aniline)

C6H6(l)

-15.71-125.7C4H10(g)

-15.0-147.3C4H10(l)

-318.1C3H7OH(l, isopropanol)

-155.6-248.4C3H6O(l, acetone)

-23.4-103.85C3H8(g)

-389.9-484.3C2H4O2(l, acetic acid)

-133.0-166.2C2H4O(g, acetaldehyde)

-79.6-166.8C2H4Cl2(l, dichloroethane)

C2H3Cl(g, vinyl chloride)

-167.9-234.8C2H5OH(g)

-174.8-277.6C2H5OH(l)

-32.0-84.68C2H6(g)


B. Standard Thermodynamic Quantities for Selected Substances at 25 °C A-9

Substance

44

81.2

238

Cobalt

Co(s) 0 0 30.0

Co(g) 424.7 380.3 179.5

CoO(s) 53.0

79.0

Copper

Cu(s) 0 0 33.2

Cu(g) 337.4 297.7 166.4

51.9 50.2

64.9 65.5

CuCl(s) 86.2

108.1

CuO(s) 42.6

CuS(s) 66.5

109.2

93.1

120.9

Fluorine

F(g) 79.38 62.3 158.75

0 0 202.79

HF(g) 173.8

Gold

Au(s) 0 0 47.4

Au(g) 366.1 326.3 180.5

Helium

He(g) 0 0 126.2

Hydrogen

H(g) 218.0 203.3 114.7

0 0 0

1536.3 1517.1 108.9

0 0 130.7

Iodine

I(g) 106.76 70.2 180.79

0 0 116.14

62.42 19.3 260.69

106.45

HI(g) 26.5 1.7 206.6

Iron

Fe(s) 0 0 27.3

Fe(g) 416.3 370.7 180.5

113.4

293.3

92.9

118.0

142.3-334.0-399.5FeCl3(s)

-302.3-341.8FeCl2(s)

-666.7-740.6FeCO3(s)

-10.54-47.69Fe3+(aq)

-84.94-87.9Fe2+(aq)

-51.57-56.78I-(aq)

I2(g)

I2(s)

H2(g)

H+(g)

H+(aq)

-275.4-273.3

-13.8-278.8-335.35F-(aq)

F2(g)

-86.2-79.5Cu2S(s)

-146.0-168.6Cu2O(s)

-662.2-771.4CuSO4(s)

-53.6-53.1

-129.7-157.3

-175.7-220.1CuCl2(s)

-119.9-137.2

-98Cu2+(aq)

-26Cu+(aq)

-454.3-539.7Co(OH)2(s)

-214.2-237.9

-1279-1476Cr2O 2-

7 (aq)

-1058.1-1139.7Cr2O3(s)

-717.1-872.2CrO 2-

4 (aq)


FeO(s) 60.75

106.7

52.9

87.4

146.4

Lead

Pb(s) 0 0 64.8

Pb(g) 195.2 162.2 175.4

0.92 18.5

161.5

131.0

136.0

174.9

PbO(s) 68.7

68.6

PbS(s) 91.2

148.5

Lithium

Li(s) 0 0 29.1

Li(g) 159.3 126.6 138.8

12.24

LiBr(s) 74.3

LiCl(s) 59.3

LiF(s) 35.7

LiI(s) 86.8

90.0

LiOH(s) 42.8

37.6

Magnesium

Mg(s) 0 0 32.7

Mg(g) 147.1 112.5 148.6

89.6

65.7

57.2

MgO(s) 27.0

63.2

91.6

88

Manganese

Mn(s) 0 0 32.0

Mn(g) 280.7 238.5 173.7

MnO(s) 59.7

53.1

190.6

Mercury

Hg(l) 0 0 75.9

Hg(g) 61.4 31.8 175.0(continued on the next page)

-436.2-529.9MnO -

4 (aq)

-465.1-520.0MnO2(s)

-362.9-385.2

-78.8-225.6-219.4Mn2+(aq)

-401-461Mg3N2(s)

-1170.6-1284.9MgSO4(s)

-833.5-924.5Mg(OH)2(s)

-569.3-601.6

-1071.1-1124.2MgF2(s)

-1012.1-1095.8MgCO3(s)

-591.8-641.3MgCl2(s)

-137-455.4-467.0Mg2+(aq)

-561.2-597.9Li2O(s)

-441.5-487.5

-381.1-483.1LiNO3(s)

-270.3-270.4

-587.7-616.0

-384.4-408.6

-342.0-351.2

-293.3-278.47Li+(aq)

-813.0-920.0PbSO4(s)

-98.7-100.4

-217.3-277.4PbO2(s)

-187.9-217.3

-451.9Pb(NO3)2(s)

-173.6-175.5PbI2(s)

-314.1-359.4PbCl2(s)

-625.5-699.1PbCO3(s)

-261.9-278.7PbBr2(s)

-24.4Pb2+(aq)

-1015.4-1118.4Fe3O4(s)

-742.2-824.2Fe2O3(s)

-166.9-178.2FeS2(s)

-696.5-823.0Fe(OH)3(s)

-255.2-272.0


Substance

170.21 164.4

166.87 153.5 65.74

146.0

HgO(s) 70.3

HgS(s) 82.4

191.6

Nickel

Ni(s) 0 0 29.9

Ni(g) 429.7 384.5 182.2

97.7

NiO(s) 37.99

NiS(s) 53.0

Nitrogen

N(g) 472.7 455.5 153.3

0 0 191.6

260.8

192.8

111.3

111.17

113.0

94.6

0.4

72.0

120.9

117.0

151.1

259.8

266.9

146

NO(g) 91.3 87.6 210.8

33.2 51.3 240.1

146.70

NOBr(g) 82.2 82.4 273.7

NOCl(g) 51.7 66.1 261.7

50.6 149.3 121.2

95.4 159.4 238.5

81.6 103.7 220.0

97.5 209.2

11.1 99.8 304.4

113.9 178.2

13.3 117.1 355.7

Oxygen

O(g) 249.2 231.7 161.1

0 0 205.2

142.7 163.2 238.9

70.0

188.8

109.6

232.7-105.6-136.3H2O2(g)

-120.4-187.8H2O2(l)

-228.6-241.8H2O(g)

-237.1-285.8H2O(l)

-10.90-157.3-230.02OH-(aq)

O3(g)

O2(g)

N2O5(g)

-43.1N2O5(s)

N2O4(g)

-19.5N2O4(l)

N2O(g)

N2H4(g)

N2H4(l)

-110.2-206.85NO -

3 (aq)

NO2(g)

-110.9-207HNO3(aq)

-73.5-133.9HNO3(g)

-190.6-339.9NH4NO3(aq)

-183.9-365.6NH4NO3(s)

-112.5-201.4NH4I(s)

-665.9-849.4NH4HCO3(s)

-348.7-464.0NH4F(s)

NH4CN(s)

-202.9-314.4NH4Cl(s)

-175.2-270.8NH4Br(s)

-79.31-133.26NH +

4 (aq)

-26.50-80.29NH3(aq)

-16.4-45.9NH3(g)

-90.6-132.1NF3(g)

N2(g)

-79.5-82.0

-211.7-239.7

-259.0-305.3NiCl2(s)

-210.7-265.4Hg2Cl2(s)

-50.6-58.2

-58.5-90.8

-178.6-224.3HgCl2(s)

Hg 2+

2 (aq)

-36.19Hg2+(aq)


Phosphorus

P(s, white) 0 0 41.1

P(s, red) 22.8

P(g) 316.5 280.1 163.2

144.0 103.5 218.1

58.9 24.4 280.0

217.1

311.8

364.6

300.8

5.4 13.5 210.2

222.5

325.5

90.4

110.5

158.2

228.9

Platinum

Pt(s) 0 0 41.6

Pt(g) 565.3 520.5 192.4

Potassium

K(s) 0 0 64.7

K(g) 89.0 60.5 160.3

101.2

KBr(s) 95.9

KCN(s) 128.5

KCl(s) 82.6

143.1

151.0

KF(s) 66.6

KI(s) 106.3

133.1

KOH(s) 81.2

KOH(aq) 91.6

116.7

155.5

94.14

102.1

175.6

Rubidium

Rb(s) 0 0 76.8

Rb(g) 80.9 53.1 170.1

121.75

RbBr(s) 110.0

RbCl(s) 95.9

152-292.0-392.4RbClO3(s)

-407.8-435.4

-381.8-394.6

-283.1-251.12Rb+(aq)

-1321.4-1437.8K2SO4(s)

-425.1-494.1K2O2(s)

-322.1-361.5K2O(s)

-1063.5-1151.0K2CO3(s)

-239.4-284.9KO2(s)

-440.5-482.4

-379.4-424.6

-394.9-494.6KNO3(s)

-324.9-327.9

-537.8-567.3

-303.1-432.8KClO4(s)

-296.3-397.7KClO3(s)

-408.5-436.5

-101.9-113.0

-380.7-393.8

-283.3-252.14K+(aq)

-2698-2984P4O10(s)

-1640.1P4O6(s)

-1142.6-1288.3H3PO4(aq)

-1124.3-1284.4H3PO4(s)

-1130.2-1296.3H2PO -

4 (aq)

-33.5-1089.2-1292.1HPO 2-

4 (aq)

-220.5-1018.7-1277.4PO 3-

4 (aq)

-512.9-558.5POCl3(g)

-520.8-597.1POCl3(l)

PH3(g)

-1520.7-1594.4PF5(g)

-305.0-374.9PCl5(g)

-443.5PCl5(s)

-267.8-287.0PCl3(g)

-272.3-319.7PCl3(l)

P4(g)

P2(g)

-12.1-17.6

S° (J>mol # K)¢G °f (kJ>mol)¢H °f (kJ>mol)


B. Standard Thermodynamic Quantities for Selected Substances at 25 °C A-11

Substance

RbF(s)

RbI(s) 118.4

Scandium

Sc(s) 0 0 34.6

Sc(g) 377.8 336.0 174.8

Selenium

Se(s, gray) 0 0 42.4

Se(g) 227.1 187.0 176.7

29.7 15.9 219.0

Silicon

Si(s) 0 0 18.8

Si(g) 450.0 405.5 168.0

239.7

282.8

34.3 56.9 204.6

41.5

80.3 127.3 272.7

Silver

Ag(s) 0 0 42.6

Ag(g) 284.9 246.0 173.0

105.79 77.11 73.45

AgBr(s) 107.1

AgCl(s) 96.3

AgF(s) 84

AgI(s) 115.5

140.9

121.3

144.0

200.4

Sodium

Na(s) 0 0 51.3

Na(g) 107.5 77.0 153.7

58.45

NaBr(s) 86.8

NaCl(s) 72.1

NaCl(aq) 115.5

123.4

NaF(s) 51.1

101.7

113.0

NaI(s) 98.5

116.5

205.4

NaOH(s) 64.4

NaOH(aq) 48.2

115.9

135.0

75.1

95.0-447.7-510.9Na2O2(s)

-375.5-414.2Na2O(s)

-1044.4-1130.7Na2CO3(s)

-218.4-260.2NaO2(s)

-419.2-470.1

-379.7-425.8

-373.2-447.5NaNO3(aq)

-367.0-467.9NaNO3(s)

-286.1-287.8

-992.8-1125.5NaHSO4(s)

-851.0-950.8NaHCO3(s)

-546.3-576.6

-262.3-365.8NaClO3(s)

-393.1-407.2

-384.1-411.2

-349.0-361.1

-261.9-240.34Na+(aq)

-618.4-715.9Ag2SO4(s)

-40.7-32.6Ag2S(s)

-11.2-31.1Ag2O(s)

-33.4-124.4AgNO3(s)

-66.2-61.8

-185-204.6

-109.8-127.0

-96.9-100.4

Ag+(aq)

Si2H6(g)

-856.3-910.7SiO2(s, quartz)

SiH4(g)

-1572.8-1615.0SiF4(g)

-619.8-687.0SiCl4(l)

H2Se(g)

-328.9-333.8

-557.7


149.6

173.8

Strontium

Sr(s) 0 0 55.0

Sr(g) 164.4 130.9 164.6

114.9

97.1

SrO(s) 54.4

117.0

Sulfur

S(s, rhombic) 0 0 32.1

S(s, monoclinic) 0.3 0.096 32.6

S(g) 277.2 236.7 167.8

128.6 79.7 228.2

102.3 49.7 430.9

41.8 83.7 22

291.5

12.4 62.0

205.8

122

248.2

256.8

18.5

129.5

156.9

18.5

67

Tin

Sn(s, white) 0 0 51.2

Sn(s, gray) 0.1 44.1

Sn(g) 301.2 266.2 168.5

258.6

365.8

SnO(s) 57.2

49.0

Titanium

Ti(s) 0 0 30.7

Ti(g) 473.0 428.4 180.3

252.3

353.2

50.6

Tungsten

W(s) 0 0 32.6

W(g) 849.4 807.1 174.0

75.9


-764.0-842.9WO3(s)

-888.8-944.0TiO2(s)

-726.3-763.2TiCl4(g)

-737.2-804.2TiCl4(l)

-515.8-577.6SnO2(s)

-251.9-280.7

-432.2-471.5SnCl4(g)

-440.1-511.3SnCl4(l)

-2.1

-522.5-648.5S2O 2-

3 (aq)

-744.6-909.3H2SO4(aq)

-690.0-814.0H2SO4(l)

-754.4-886.5HSO -

4 (aq)

-744.6-909.3SO 2-

4 (aq)

-371.1-395.7SO3(g)

-300.1-296.8SO2(g)

-245.6SOCl2(l)

-27.7-39.4H2S(aq)

-33.4-20.6H2S(g)

-17.7HS-(aq)

-1116.5-1220.5SF6(g)

S2-(aq)

S8(g)

S2(g)

-1340.9-1453.1SrSO4(s)

-561.9-592.0

-1140.1-1220.1SrCO3(s)

-781.1-828.9SrCl2(s)

-39-557.3-545.51Sr2+(aq)

-1789-1917Na3PO4(s)

-1270.2-1387.1Na2SO4(s)


Substance

Uranium

U(s) 0 0 50.2

U(g) 533.0 488.4 199.8

227.6

377.9

77.0

Vanadium

V(s) 0 0 28.9

V(g) 514.2 754.4 182.3

-1031.8-1085.0UO2(s)

-2063.7-2147.4UF6(g)

-2068.5-2197.0UF6(s)


Zinc

Zn(s) 0 0 41.6

Zn(g) 130.4 94.8 161.0

111.5

ZnO(s) 43.7

ZnS(s, zinc blende) 57.7

110.5-871.5-982.8ZnSO4(s)

-201.3-206.0

-320.5-350.5

-369.4-415.1ZnCl2(s)

-109.8-147.1-153.39Zn2+(aq)



C. Aqueous Equilibrium Constants1. Dissociation Constants for Acids at 25 °C

Name Formula

Acetic

Acetylsalicylic

Adipic

Arsenic

Arsenous

Ascorbic

Benzoic

Boric

Butanoic

Carbonic

Chloroacetic

Chlorous

Citric

Cyanic HCNO

Formic

Hydrazoic

Hydrocyanic HCN

Hydrofluoric HF

Hydrogen chromate ion

Hydrogen peroxide

Hydrogen selenate ion

Hydrosulfuric

Hydrotelluric 1.6 * 10-112.3 * 10-3H2Te

1 * 10-198.9 * 10-8H2S

2.2 * 10-2HSeO -

4

2.4 * 10-12H2O2

3.0 * 10-7HCrO -

4

3.5 * 10-4

4.9 * 10-10

2.5 * 10-5HN3

1.8 * 10-4HCHO2

2 * 10-4

4.0 * 10-71.7 * 10-57.4 * 10-4H3C6H5O7

1.1 * 10-2HClO2

1.4 * 10-3HC2H2O2Cl

5.6 * 10-114.3 * 10-7H2CO3

1.5 * 10-5HC4H7O2

5.4 * 10-10H3BO3

6.5 * 10-5HC7H5O2

1.6 * 10-128.0 * 10-5H2C6H6O6

5.1 * 10-10H3AsO3

5.1 * 10-121.7 * 10-75.5 * 10-3H3AsO4

3.9 * 10-63.9 * 10-5H2C6H8O4

3.3 * 10-4HC9H7O4

1.8 * 10-5HC2H3O2

Ka3 Ka2

Ka1Name Formula

Hypobromous HBrO

Hypochlorous HClO

Hypoiodous HIO

Iodic

Lactic

Maleic

Malonic

Nitrous

Oxalic

Paraperiodic

Phenol

Phosphoric

Phosphorous

Propanoic

Pyruvic

Pyrophosphoric

Selenous

Succinic

Sulfuric Strong acid

Sulfurous

Tartaric

Trichloroacetic

Trifluoroacetic acid 3.0 * 10-1HC2F3O2

2.2 * 10-1HC2Cl3O2

4.6 * 10-51.0 * 10-3H2C4H4O6

6.4 * 10-81.7 * 10-2H2SO3

1.2 * 10-2H2SO4

2.3 * 10-66.2 * 10-5H2C4H4O4

4.8 * 10-92.4 * 10-3H2SeO3

2.0 * 10-77.9 * 10-31.2 * 10-1H4P2O7

4.1 * 10-3HC3H3O3

1.3 * 10-5HC3H5O2

2.0 * 10-75 * 10-2H3PO3

4.2 * 10-136.2 * 10-87.5 * 10-3H3PO4

1.3 * 10-10HC6H5O

5.3 * 10-92.8 * 10-2H5IO6

6.4 * 10-55.9 * 10-2H2C4O4

4.6 * 10-4HNO2

2.0 * 10-61.5 * 10-3H2C3H2O4

5.9 * 10-71.2 * 10-2H2C4H2O4

1.4 * 10-4HC3H5O3

1.7 * 10-1HIO3

2.3 * 10-11

2.9 * 10-8

2.8 * 10-9

Ka3 Ka2

Ka1

2. Dissociation Constants for Hydrated Metal Ions at 25 °C

Cation Hydrated Ion

3.2 * 10-10Fe(H2O) 2+

6Fe2+

3 * 10-8Cu(H2O) 2+

6Cu2+

1.6 * 10-4Cr(H2O) 3+

6Cr3+

1.3 * 10-9Co(H2O) 2+

6Co2+

3 * 10-7Be(H2O) 2+

6Be2+

1.4 * 10-5Al(H2O) 3+

6Al3+

Ka Cation Hydrated Ion

2.5 * 10-10Zn(H2O) 2+

6Zn2+

4 * 10-4Sn(H2O) 2+

6Sn2+

3 * 10-8Pb(H2O) 2+

6Pb2+

2.5 * 10-11Ni(H2O) 2+

6Ni2+

6.3 * 10-3Fe(H2O) 3+

6Fe3+

Ka

C. Aqueous Equilibrium Constants A-13

3. Dissociation Constants for Bases at 25 °C

Name Formula

Ammonia

Aniline

Bicarbonate ion

Carbonate ion

Codeine

Diethylamine

Dimethylamine

Ethylamine

Ethylenediamine

Hydrazine

Hydroxylamine 1.1 * 10-8HONH2

1.3 * 10-6H2NNH2

8.3 * 10-5C2H8N2

5.6 * 10-4C2H5NH2

5.4 * 10-4(CH3)2NH

6.9 * 10-4(C2H5)2NH

1.6 * 10-6C18H21NO3

1.8 * 10-4CO 2-

3

1.7 * 10-9HCO -

3

3.9 * 10-10C6H5NH2

1.76 * 10-5NH3

Kb Name Formula

Ketamine

Methylamine

Morphine

Nicotine

Piperidine

Propylamine

Pyridine

Strychnine

Triethylamine

Trimethylamine 6.4 * 10-5(CH3)3N

5.6 * 10-4(C2H5)3N

1.8 * 10-6C21H22N2O2

1.7 * 10-9C5H5N

3.5 * 10-4C3H7NH2

1.33 * 10-3C5H10NH

1.0 * 10-6C10H14N2

1.6 * 10-6C17H19NO3

4.4 * 10-4CH3NH2

3 * 10-7C13H16ClNO

Kb

4. Solubility Product Constants for Compounds at 25 °C

Compound Formula

Aluminum hydroxide

Aluminum phosphate

Barium carbonate

Barium chromate

Barium fluoride

Barium hydroxide

Barium oxalate

Barium phosphate

Barium sulfate

Cadmium carbonate

Cadmium hydroxide

Cadmium sulfide CdS

Calcium carbonate

Calcium chromate

Calcium fluoride

Calcium hydroxide

Calcium hydrogen phosphate

Calcium oxalate

Calcium phosphate

Calcium sulfate

Chromium(III) hydroxide

Cobalt(II) carbonate

Cobalt(II) hydroxide

Cobalt(II) sulfide CoS

Copper(I) bromide CuBr

Copper(I) chloride CuCl

Copper(I) cyanide CuCN

Copper(II) carbonate

Copper(II) hydroxide

Copper(II) phosphate

Copper(II) sulfide CuS

Iron(II) carbonate

Iron(II) hydroxide

Iron(II) sulfide FeS 3.72 * 10-19

4.87 * 10-17Fe(OH)2

3.07 * 10-11FeCO3

1.27 * 10-36

1.40 * 10-37Cu3(PO4)2

2.2 * 10-20Cu(OH)2

2.4 * 10-10CuCO3

3.47 * 10-20

1.72 * 10-7

6.27 * 10-9

5 * 10-22

5.92 * 10-15Co(OH)2

1.0 * 10-10CoCO3

6.3 * 10-31Cr(OH)3

7.10 * 10-5CaSO4

2.07 * 10-33Ca3(PO4)2

2.32 * 10-9CaC2O4

1 * 10-7CaHPO4

4.68 * 10-6Ca(OH)2

1.46 * 10-10CaF2

7.1 * 10-4CaCrO4

4.96 * 10-9CaCO3

8 * 10-28

7.2 * 10-15Cd(OH)2

1.0 * 10-12CdCO3

1.07 * 10-10BaSO4

6 * 10-39Ba3(PO4)2

1.6 * 10-6BaC2O4

5.0 * 10-3Ba(OH)2

2.45 * 10-5BaF2

1.17 * 10-10BaCrO4

2.58 * 10-9BaCO3

9.84 * 10-21AlPO4

1.3 * 10-33Al(OH)3

Ksp Compound Formula

Iron(III) hydroxide

Lanthanum fluoride

Lanthanum iodate

Lead(II) bromide

Lead(II) carbonate

Lead(II) chloride

Lead(II) chromate

Lead(II) fluoride

Lead(II) hydroxide

Lead(II) iodide

Lead(II) phosphate

Lead(II) sulfate

Lead(II) sulfide PbS

Magnesium carbonate

Magnesium fluoride

Magnesium hydroxide

Magnesium oxalate

Manganese(II) carbonate

Manganese(II) hydroxide

Manganese(II) sulfide MnS

Mercury(I) bromide

Mercury(I) carbonate

Mercury(I) chloride

Mercury(I) chromate

Mercury(I) cyanide

Mercury(I) iodide

Mercury(II) hydroxide

Mercury(II) sulfide HgS

Nickel(II) carbonate

Nickel(II) hydroxide

Nickel(II) sulfide NiS

Silver bromate

Silver bromide AgBr

Silver carbonate


8.46 * 10-12Ag2CO3

5.35 * 10-13

5.38 * 10-5AgBrO3

3 * 10-20

5.48 * 10-16Ni(OH)2

1.42 * 10-7NiCO3

1.6 * 10-54

3.1 * 10-26Hg(OH)2

5.2 * 10-29Hg2I2

5 * 10-40Hg2(CN)2

2 * 10-9Hg2CrO4

1.43 * 10-18Hg2Cl2

3.6 * 10-17Hg2CO3

6.40 * 10-23Hg2Br2

2.3 * 10-13

1.6 * 10-13Mn(OH)2

2.24 * 10-11MnCO3

4.83 * 10-6MgC2O4

2.06 * 10-13Mg(OH)2

5.16 * 10-11MgF2

6.82 * 10-6MgCO3

9.04 * 10-29

1.82 * 10-8PbSO4

1 * 10-54Pb3(PO4)2

9.8 * 10-9PbI2

1.43 * 10-20Pb(OH)2

3.3 * 10-8PbF2

2.8 * 10-13PbCrO4

1.17 * 10-5PbCl2

7.40 * 10-14PbCO3

4.67 * 10-6PbBr2

7.50 * 10-12La(IO3)3

2 * 10-19LaF3

2.79 * 10-39Fe(OH)3

Ksp


Compound Formula

Silver chloride AgCl

Silver chromate

Silver cyanide AgCN

Silver iodide AgI

Silver phosphate

Silver sulfate

Silver sulfide

Strontium carbonate

Strontium chromate 3.6 * 10-5SrCrO4

5.60 * 10-10SrCO3

6 * 10-51Ag2S

1.20 * 10-5Ag2SO4

8.89 * 10-17Ag3PO4

8.51 * 10-17

5.97 * 10-17

1.12 * 10-12Ag2CrO4

1.77 * 10-10

Ksp Compound Formula

Strontium phosphate

Strontium sulfate

Tin(II) hydroxide

Tin(II) sulfide SnS

Zinc carbonate

Zinc hydroxide

Zinc oxalate

Zinc sulfide ZnS 2 * 10-25

2.7 * 10-8ZnC2O4

3 * 10-17Zn(OH)2

1.46 * 10-10ZnCO3

1 * 10-26

5.45 * 10-27Sn(OH)2

3.44 * 10-7SrSO4

1 * 10-31Sr3(PO4)2

Ksp

Complex Ion

1.4 * 108[Zn(ox)3]4-

2 * 1015[Zn(OH)4]2-

2.8 * 109[Zn(NH3)4]2+

1.3 * 1014[Zn(en)3]2+

3 * 1016[Zn(EDTA)]2-

2.1 * 1019[Zn(CN)4]2-

3 * 1025[Sn(OH)3]-

2 * 1035[Pt(NH3)6]2+

1 * 1016[PtCl4]2-

2.2 * 106[Pb(S2O3)3]4-

3.5 * 106[Pb(ox)2]2-

8 * 1013[Pb(OH)3]-

3.0 * 104[PbI4]2-

2 * 1018[Pb(EDTA)]2-

2.4 * 101[PbCl3]-

3 * 108[Ni(ox)3]4-

2.0 * 108[Ni(NH3)6]2+

2.1 * 1018[Ni(en)3]2+

3.6 * 1018[Ni(EDTA)]2-

2 * 1031[Ni(CN)4]2-

9.5 * 106[Hg(ox)2]2-

2 * 1030[HgI4]2-

2 * 1023[Hg(en)2]2+

6.3 * 1021[Hg(EDTA)]2-

1.1 * 1016[HgCl4]2-

1.8 * 1041[Hg(CN)4]2-

8.9 * 102[Fe(SCN)]2+

2 * 1020[Fe(ox)3]3-

1.7 * 105[Fe(ox)3]4-

5.0 * 109[Fe(en)3]2+

1.7 * 1024[Fe(EDTA)]-

2.1 * 1014[Fe(EDTA)]2-

2 * 1043[Fe(CN)6]3-

Kf

5. Complex Ion Formation Constants in Water at 25 °C

Complex Ion

1.5 * 1035[Fe(CN)6]4-

3 * 108[Cu(ox)2]2-

1.7 * 1013[Cu(NH3)4]2+

1 * 1020[Cu(en)2]2+

5 * 1018[Cu(EDTA)]2-

1.0 * 1029[Cu(CN)4]2-

5 * 105[CuCl3]2-

8.0 * 1029[Cr(OH)4]-

1 * 1023[Cr(EDTA)]-

1 * 103[Co(SCN)4]2-

1 * 1020[Co(ox)3]3-

5 * 109[Co(ox)3]4-

5 * 109[Co(OH)4]2-

2.3 * 1033[Co(NH3)6]3+

1.3 * 105[Co(NH3)6]2+

4.9 * 1048[Co(en)3]3+

8.7 * 1013[Co(en)3]2+

1 * 1036[Co(EDTA)]-

2.0 * 1016[Co(EDTA)]2-

2 * 106[CdI4]2-

1.2 * 1012[Cd(en)3]2+

6.3 * 102[CdCl4]2-

3 * 1018[Cd(CN)4]2-

5.5 * 103[CdBr4]2-

2 * 1016[Al(ox)3]3-

3 * 1033[Al(OH)4]-

7 * 1019[AlF6]3-

1.3 * 1016[Al(EDTA)]-

2.8 * 1013[Ag(S2O3)2]-

1.2 * 1010[Ag(SCN)4]3-

1.7 * 107[Ag(NH3)2]+

5.0 * 107[Ag(en)2]+

2.1 * 107[Ag(EDTA)]3-

1 * 1021[Ag(CN)2]-

Kf

Half-Reaction E ° (V)

2.87

2.08

1.98

1.82

1.78

1.69

1.68

1.61

1.51

1.50

1.48

1.46

1.36

1.33

1.23

1.21

1.20

1.09

1.00

0.99

0.98

0.96

0.95

0.92

0.80

0.80

0.77

0.76

0.70

0.56

0.54

0.52

0.40

0.34Cu2+(aq) + 2 e-

¡ Cu(s)

O2(g) + 2 H2O(l) + 4 e-

¡ 4 OH-(aq)

Cu+(aq) + e-

¡ Cu(s)

I2(s) + 2 e-

¡ 2 I-(aq)

MnO -

4 (aq) + e-

¡ MnO 2-

4 (aq)

O2(g) + 2 H+(aq) + 2 e-

¡ H2O2(aq)

PtCl 2-

4 (aq) + 2 e-

¡ Pt(s) + 4 Cl-(aq)

Fe3+(aq) + e-

¡ Fe2+(aq)

Hg 2+

2 (aq) + 2 e-

¡ 2 Hg(l)

Ag+(aq) + e-

¡ Ag(s)

2 Hg2+(aq) + 2 e-

¡ 2 Hg 2+

2 (aq)

ClO2(g) + e-

¡ ClO -

2 (aq)

NO -

3 (aq) + 4 H+(aq) + 3 e-

¡ NO(g) + 2 H2O(l)

HNO2(aq) + H+(aq) + e-

¡ NO(g) + 2 H2O(l)

VO +

2 (aq) + 2 H+(aq) + e-

¡ VO2+(aq) + H2O(l)

AuCl -

4 (aq) + 3 e-

¡ Au(s) + 4 Cl-(aq)

Br2(l) + 2 e-

¡ 2 Br-(aq)

IO -

3 (aq) + 6 H+(aq) + 5 e-

¡12I2(aq) + 3 H2O(l)

MnO2(s) + 4 H+(aq) + 2 e-

¡ Mn2+(aq) + 2 H2O(l)

O2(g) + 4 H+(aq) + 4 e-

¡ 2 H2O(l)

Cr2O 2-

7 (aq) + 14 H+(aq) + 6 e-

¡ 2 Cr3+(aq) + 7 H2O(l)

Cl2(g) + 2 e-

¡ 2 Cl-(aq)

PbO2(s) + 4 H+(aq) + 2 e-

¡ Pb2+(aq) + 2 H2O(l)

2 BrO -

3 (aq) + 12 H+(aq) + 10 e-

¡ Br2(l) + 6 H2O(l)

Au3+(aq) + 3 e-

¡ Au(s)

MnO -

4 (aq) + 8 H+(aq) + 5 e-

¡ Mn2+(aq) + 4 H2O(l)

2 HClO(aq) + 2 H+(aq) + 2 e-

¡ Cl2(g) + 2 H2O(l)

MnO -

4 (aq) + 4 H+(aq) + 3 e-

¡ MnO2(s) + 2 H2O(l)

PbSO4(s) + 2 H2O(l)

PbO2(s) + 4 H+(aq) + SO 2-

4 (aq) + 2 e-

¡

H2O2(aq) + 2 H+(aq) + 2 e-

¡ 2 H2O(l)

Co3+(aq) + e-

¡ Co2+(aq)

Ag2+(aq) + e-

¡ Ag+(aq)

O3(g) + 2 H+(aq) + 2 e-

¡ O2(g) + H2O(l)

F2(g) + 2 e-

¡ 2 F-(aq)

D. Standard Reduction Half-Cell Potentials at 25 °C A-15

D. Standard Reduction Half-Cell Potentials at 25 °C

Half-Reaction E ° (V)

0.32

0.27

0.22

0.20

0.16

0.15

0.14

0.071

0.00

-3.04Li(aq) + e-

¡ Li(s)

-2.92K+(aq) + e-

¡ K(s)

-2.90Ba2+(aq) + 2 e-

¡ Ba(s)

-2.76Ca2+(aq) + 2 e-

¡ Ca(s)

-2.71Na+(aq) + e-

¡ Na(s)

-2.38La3+(aq) + 3 e-

¡ La(s)

-2.37Mg2+(aq) + 2 e-

¡ Mg(s)

-2.23H2(g) + 2 e-

¡ 2 H-(aq)

-1.66Al3+(aq) + 3 e-

¡ Al(s)

-1.18Mn2+(aq) + 2 e-

¡ Mn(s)

-0.832 H2O(l) + 2 e-

¡ H2(g) + 2 OH-(aq)

-0.76Zn2+(aq) + 2 e-

¡ Zn(s)

-0.73Cr3+(aq) + 3 e-

¡ Cr(s)

-0.50Cr3+(aq) + e-

¡ Cr2+(aq)

-0.492 CO2(g) + 2 H+(aq) + 2 e-

¡ H2C2O4(aq)

-0.45Fe2+(aq) + 2 e-

¡ Fe(s)

-0.40Cd2+(aq) + 2 e-

¡ Cd(s)

-0.36PbSO4(s) + 2 e-

¡ Pb(s) + SO 2-

4 (aq)

-0.28Co2+(aq) + 2 e-

¡ Co(s)

-0.23Ni2+(aq) + 2 e-

¡ Ni(s)

-0.23N2(g) + 5 H+(aq) + 4 e-

¡ N2H +

5 (aq)

-0.15AgI(s) + e-

¡ Ag(s) + I-(aq)

-0.14Sn2+(aq) + 2 e-

¡ Sn(s)

-0.13Pb2+(aq) + 2 e-

¡ Pb(s)

-0.036Fe3+(aq) + 3 e-

¡ Fe(s)

2 H+(aq) + 2 e-

¡ H2(g)

AgBr(s) + e-

¡ Ag(s) + Br-(aq)

S(s) + 2 H+(aq) + 2 e-

¡ H2S(g)

Sn4+(aq) + 2 e-

¡ Sn2+(aq)

Cu2+(aq) + e-

¡ Cu+(aq)

SO 2-

4 (aq) + 4 H+(aq) + 2 e-

¡ H2SO3(aq) + H2O(l)

AgCl(s) + e-

¡ Ag(s) + Cl-(aq)

Hg2Cl2(s) + 2 e-

¡ 2 Hg(l) + 2 Cl-(aq)

BiO+(aq) + 2 H+(aq) + 3 e-

¡ Bi(s) + H2O(l)

Appendix II: Useful Data - Pearson...

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