Appendix E: Material properties - 3D Printing | Wohlers ... · Wohlers Report 2007 Appendix E:...

Wohlers Report 2007 Appendix E: Material Properties

COPYRIGHT © 2007 1 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.

Appendix E: Material properties

by Joel Segal

The following tables compare the physical and mechanical properties of some of the most popular materials for additive fabrication. The first table provides common manufacturing materials for the purpose of comparison.

Description

ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene)

Nylon 66 polycarbonate PVC (polyvinylchloride) polypropylene

Tensile strength (ASTM D638)

lb/in2 (MPa)

6,628 (46)

9,224 (63.6)

9,065 (62.5)

5,000-9,000 (34-62)

4,500-5,400 (31-37)

Tensile modulus (ASTM D638)

lb/in2 (MPa)

290,000 (2,000)

305,000(2,100)

334,000 (2,300)

350,000-600,000 (2,400-4,100)

170,000-250,000 (1,172-1,724)

Elongation at break 41.6% 82.8% 110% 3-120% 7-13%

Elongation at yield not available 10.7% 6% not available not available

Impact strength (notched Izod)

ft-lb/in of notch (J/m)

1.7-4.5 (0.9 -2.4)

0.75-24.4 (0.4-13)

0.93-18 (0.5-10)

0.75-20 (0.4-10.1)

0.4-1.4 (21-75)

Hardness 75-115 Rockwell (R)

93-122Rockwell

(R)

118-133 Rockwell (R)

70 Shore (D)

68-83 Shore (D)

Glass-transition temperature oC (Heat-deflection temperature oC)

not available (94-194o)

not available(80-210o)

150o (130o)

not available (66-89o)

130-168o (107-121o)

Source: www.matweb.com and CADCAMNet



Technology Stereolithography

Manufacturer 3D Systems (1 of 2)

Material AccuGen 100 AccuDur 100 Accura SI 10 Accura SI 20 Accura SI 55

Type of material photopolymer resin (epoxy)

Type of machine (laser)

helium-cadmium

lasers

argon-ion

lasers

solid-state lasers

solid-state lasers solid-state lasers

solid-state lasers

solid-state lasers

Notes fast, general-purpose resin

with mid-range physical properties

durable, water-resistant resin, with high impact strength and high rate of part

building

high green strength, good humidity

resistance, ideal for QuickCast parts,

optical clarity, and smooth side walls

durable white material, ideal for

snap fits and RTV-molding applications

durable and rigid material, ABS-like,

fast build speed

Postcure method UV light UV light UV light and heat UV light and heat UV light and heat

Process properties — liquid resin

Critical exposure Ec (mJ/cm2) 7.4 7.27 10.8 13.2 13.2 10.2 7.4

Depth of penetration

Dp (mils) 4.4 3.92 4.4 5 5 5.7 5.2

Viscosity centipoise at 30oC 485 485 500 485 485 450 155-185

Continued on the following page



Material AccuGen 100 AccuDur 100 Accura SI 10 Accura SI 20 Accura SI 55

Physical properties

UV postcure

Tensile strength

lb/in2 (MPa) UV plus

heat

9,240-9,330

(64-65) 7,980-8,190

(55-57) 9,700 (67)

7,200 (50)

9,240-9,450 (64-65)

4,080-4,260 (28-30)

9,200-9,850 (63-68)

UV postcure Tensile

modulus lb/in2 (MPa) UV plus

heat

410,000-450,000 (2,840-3,117)

390,000-430,000 (2,701-2,978)

440,000 (3,030)

330,000 (2,280)

450,000-480,000(3,100-3,307)

170,000-180,000 (1,176-1,285)

460,000-490,000 (3200-3380)

UV postcure Elongation

% at break UV plus heat

4.6-5.6% 5.8-7.8% 4.6% 15% 4.6-5% 18-23% 5-8%

UV postcure

Impact strength (notched

Izod) ft-lb/in of

notch (J/m)

UV plus heat

0.38-0.45 (20.2-24.5)

0.38-0.45

(20.2-24.5)

0.32 (17.1)

0.47 (25.1)

0.3-0.34 (16-18.2)

0.6-0.68 (32.1-36.6)

0.2-0.4 (12-22)

Hardness (Shore D-scale) 86 84 82 82 86 84 85

General information

Heat deflection temperature oC

@66 lb/in2 @265 /lb/in2

59o 50o

57o 51o

not available

not available

59o 53o

58o 50o

55-58o 51-53o

Glass-transition temperature oC 81o 81o 82o 54o 61o 39o 56o

Cost of raw material $175/kg $175/kg $175/kg $175/kg call for pricing call for pricing call for pricing

Source: Wohlers Associates, Inc.




Manufacturer 3D Systems (2 of 2)

Material Accura SI 40 Accura Bluestone Accura SI 45HC Accura SI 50 Accura Amethyst



argon-ion lasers

solid-state lasers

solid-state lasers

helium-cadmium lasers

solid-state lasers

solid-state lasers

Notes tough, high-temperature material, not brittle

engineering nanocomposite

material, exceptional stiffness and thermal

resistance, low shrinkage

high green strength, good humidity

resistance, build speeds that are up to two times the speed

of other resins

durable natural or grey material, ideal for

snap fits and RTV-molding applications

purple, superior feature detail and part quality, highly accurate, good combination of speed

and part quality

Postcure method UV light and heat UV light and heat UV light and heat UV light and heat UV light and heat


Critical exposure Ec (mJ/cm2) 11.3 20.1 6.9 7.4 9.0 14.4


Dp (mils) 4.2 6.8 4.1 5.1 4.5 3.7

Viscosity centipoise at

30oC 485 485 1,200-1,800 475 600 350




Material Accura SI 40 Accura Bluestone Accura SI 45HC Accura SI 50 Accura Amethyst

Physical properties

UV postcure

8,890-8,990 (61.5-62.2)

8,890-8,990 (61.5-62.2) Tensile

strength lb/in2 (MPa) UV plus

heat

10,820-11,080 (75-76)

10,050-10,660

(69.6-73.8)

9,600-9,800 (66-68)

8,520-8,860 (59-61)

7,030-7,240 (48-50)

3,130-5,450 (22-38)

UV postcure

410,000-440,000 (2,840-3,048)

410,000-440,000 (2,840-3,048) Tensile

modulus lb/in2 (MPa)

UV plus heat

440,000-510,000 (3,047-3,532)

420,000-460,000 (2,909-3,186)

1,100,000-1,700,000(7,600-11,700)

400,000-430,000 (2,760-2,960)

360,000-390,000 (2,480-2,690)

510,000-580,000 (3,514-3,996)

UV postcure 4.1-4.3% 4.9-5.1%

Elongation % at break UV plus

heat 5.9-7.5% 4.7-6.4%

1.4-2.4% 4.8-5.4% 5.3-15.0% .56-1.04%

UV postcure

0.42-0.56 (22.3-29.9)

0.42-0.56 (22.3-29.9)


Izod) ft-lb/in of

notch (J/m)

UV plus heat

0.42-0.56 (22.3-29.9)

0.42-0.56 (22.3-29.9)

0.24-0.32 (13-17) 0.2-0.3 (11-16) 0.31-0.51 (16.5-28.1)

0.16-0.23 (9-12)

Hardness (Shore D-scale) 87 87 92 87 86 87

General information

Heat deflection temperature oC

@66 lb/in2 @265 /lb/in2

114o

89o 102o 87o

65-66o 65o

58o 51o

49-53o 43-46o

77o 62o

Glass-transition temperature oC 90o 72o 71-83o 66-87o 62o 103o

Cost of raw material call for pricing

call for pricing call for pricing call for pricing call for pricing call for pricing




Technology Stereolithography Manufacturer DSM Somos (Table 1 of 5)

Material Somos

ProtoGen O-XT 18120

Somos ProtoGen O-XT 18420

Somos ProtoCast AF19120

DMX-SL 100 (based on

preliminary product data sheet)

WaterClear Ultra 100* Somos NanoTool

Type of material photopolymer resin composite filled photopolymer resin

Type of machine (laser) solid-state lasers

Notes

general purpose high

temperature ABS-like parts

general purpose high temperature

ABS-like parts

antimony free, low ash residue for

investment-casting applications

high toughness, durable parts

optically clear resin with ABS-like properties and improved

water resistance

(water absorption

0.8%)

strong, stiff, high temperature

resistant composite parts

Postcure method UV light and heat UV light UV light and heat



Depth of penetration Dp (mils) 0.12 0.11 5.21 0.135 0.155 0.11

Viscosity centipoise at 30oC 300 350 265 1,200-1,400 90 2,500

Density g/cm3 at 25oC 1.16 1.13 1.13 not available not available 1.65




Material Somos ProtoGen O-XT 18120

Somos ProtoGen O-XT 18420

Somos ProtoCast AF19120 DMX-SL 100* WaterClear

Ultra 100* Somos NanoTool

Physical properties

UV postcure

8,000 (54.9)

6,400 (43.8)

11,300 (78)

Tensile strength (ASTM D638) lb/in2 (MPa)

UV plus heat

10,000 (69)

9,900 (68.1)

7,900 (54.9)

6,200 (43)

7,300 (50)

11,600 (80.3)

UV postcure

397,000 (2,740)

336,000 (2,310)

1,650,000 (11,400)

Tensile modulus (ASTM D638) lb/in2 (MPa)

UV plus heat

433,000 (2,990)

430,000 (2,960)

368,000 (2,540)

350,000 (2,400)

385,000 (2,650)

1,620,000 (11,200)

UV postcure 6-12% 8-16% 0.7-1.0% Elongation

(ASTM D638)

% at break UV plus heat 7-8% 6-9%

8-10% 12-20% 10.5%

0.7-1.0%

UV postcure

0.49 (26)

0.41 (22)

0.29 (15)


Izod) ft-lb/in of

notch (J/m)

UV plus heat

0.47 (25)

0.39 (21)

0.45 (24)

1.5 (80) not available

0.31 (16)

UV postcure 87 88 94 Hardness

(Shore D-scale) UV plus

heat 88 87

86 not available not available

94

General information

UV postcure

55-58o 48-50o

53-56o

46-47o 225o

85-90o Heat

deflection temperature

oC @66 lb/in2

@265 /lb/in2 UV plus

heat 95-97o

79-82o 93-98o

74-78o

56-58o

50-51o 45o not available 258-263o

104o

Glass-transition temperature oC 71-94o 57-111o 50-53o not available 70o 57-89o

Price call for pricing





Material Somos 7110

Somos 8110

Somos9110

Somos 10110 WaterClear

Somos 11110 WaterShed

Somos ProtoTherm 12110


Type of machine (laser) SLA 190/SLA 250 (HeCd laser)

Notes

high-speed, humidity- tolerant,

heat-resistant

resin

specialty resin for

flexible parts

robust resin for

functional parts

general-purpose resin with mid-range

properties; produces clear parts

durable, strong, semi-transparent, water-

resistant resin

strong, high-temperature tolerant, water-resistant resin; parts have cherry-

red appearance




Depth of penetration Dp (mils) 5.5 6.0 5.2 5.75 5.45 5.5

Viscosity centipoise at 30oC 800 600 450 130 92 410

Density g/cm3 at 25oC 1.13 1.11 1.13 1.12 1.12 1.15




Material Somos 7110

Somos 8110

Somos9110


Somos 11110 WaterShed


Physical properties

UV postcure

8,100 (56)

10,182 (70.2)


UV plus heat

10,000 (69)

2,570 (17)

4,500 (31)

6,295 (43.4)

7,005 (48.3)

11,168 (77)

UV postcure

307,000 (2,117)

510,534 (3,520)


UV plus heat

350,000 (2,413)

46,000 (318)

231,000(1,590)

295,877 (2,040)

382,900 (2,640)

471,374 (3,250)

UV postcure 5.4-7.1% 4% Elongation

(ASTM D638)

% at break UV plus heat 4.2-4.9%

27% 15-21% 37% 25%

4.5%

UV postcure

0.52 (27.8)

0.215 (11.5)


Izod) ft-lb/in of

notch (J/m)

UV plus heat

0.64 (34.2)

1.63 (86)

1.03 (55)

0.85 (45)

0.362 (19.3)

0.315 (16.8)

UV postcure 82 85.3 Hardness


heat 85

77 83 83 not available

86.7

General information

UV postcure

56.5o 51.9o

Heat deflection

temperature oC

@66 lb/in2 @265 /lb/in2

UV plus heat

59-89o 44-49o 60-65o 52o

45o 49.6o

46.2o 126.2o 110.7o

Glass-transition temperature oC

not available not available not

available 41o 41o 74-111o

Price $225/kg $225/kg $225/kg $225/kg $235/kg $240/kg





Material Somos 7120

Somos8120

Somos9120

Somos7620

Raven

Somos 10120

WaterClear

Somos 11120

WaterShed

Somos 12120 ProtoTherm



Notes

high-speed,

humidity- tolerant,

heat-resistant

resin

specialty resin for flexible parts

durable resin for

functional parts

tough general- purpose

resin; produces

dark colored parts

general-purpose

resin with mid-range properties; produces

clear parts

durable, strong, semi-

transparent, water-

resistant resin

strong, high-temperature

tolerant, water-resistant resin; parts

have cherry-red appearance




Depth of penetration Dp (mils) 4.8 6.1 5.6 4.7 6.3 6.5 6.0

Viscosity centipoise at 30oC 800 620 450 270 130 260 550

Density g/cm3 at 25oC 1.13 1.11 1.13 1.13 1.12 1.12 1.19




Material Somos 7120

Somos8120

Somos9120

Somos7620

Raven

Somos 10120

WaterClear

Somos 11120

WaterShed

Somos 12120 ProtoTherm

Physical properties

UV postcure

8,400 (58)

10,182 (70.2)


UV plus heat

9,100 (63)

3,400-3,900

(24-27)

4,000-6,500

(28-45)

8,300(57)

3,736 (26)

6,821-7,774 (47.1-53.6)

11,168 (77)

UV postcure

359,000 (2,477)

510,534 (3,520)


UV plus heat

375,000 (2,588)

68,000-102,000

(470-705)

150,000-212,000(1,034-1,462)

335,000(2,310)

248,000(1,710)

384,000-418,000 (2,650-2,880) 471,374

(3,250)


(ASTM D638)

% at break UV plus heat 2.3-4.1%

18-30% 7-9% 9.7% 32% 11-20%

4.5%

UV postcure

0.5 (27)

0.215 (11.5)


Izod) ft-lb/in of

notch (J/m)

UV plus heat

0.6 (32)

1.1 (55)

0.9-1.1(48-59)

0.456(24)

0.91 (48)

0.4-0.6 (20-30)

0.315 (16.8)

UV postcure 85.3 Hardness


heat

88 75-78 80-82 80 81 Not available

86.7

General information

UV postcure

56.5o 51.9o

Heat deflection

temperature oC

@66 lb/in2 @265 /lb/in2

UV plus heat

70-97o 60-63o 50-61o 53.5o 47-45o 45.9-54.4o

49.0-49.7o 126.2o 110.7o

Glass-transition temperature oC

not available

not available

not available

not available 28o 36-46o 74-111o

Price $225/kg $225/kg $225/kg $225/kg $225/kg $235/kg $240/kg





Material Somos 9920

Somos 14120 White

Somos NanoForm 15120

Somos ULM 17220 Black

Somos ProtoTool 20L


composite photopolymer resin(epoxy)


Notes

robust, functional and

accurate polypropylene-

like parts; superior chemical

resistance

low-viscosity resin for

strong, tough, water-resistant

parts

nanoparticle-filled resin for strong,

stiff, high temperature

resistant parts with an opaque gray

appearance

ultra-low modulus resin with rubber-like properties; for

parts like seals, keypads and

hoses

ceramic-filled resin for building tough, heat-resistant parts; parts have opaque-beige

appearance

Postcure method UV light UV light & heat UV light


Critical exposure Ec (mJ/cm2) 10.9 13.0 16.3 3.69 12.5

Depth of penetration Dp (mils) 5.45 6.25 5.2 5.1 6.0

Viscosity centipoise at 30oC 450 240 570 3,400 2,500

Density g/cm3 at 25oC 1.13 1.10 at 22oC

1.33 at 25 oC (liquid)

1.38 (solid)

1.07 at 23 oC (liquid)

1.12 (solid)

1.6




Material Somos 9920

Somos 14120 White

Somos NanoForm

15120

Somos ULM 17220 Black

Somos ProtoTool 20L

Physical properties

UV postcure

6,900 (48)

Tensile strength

(ASTM D638) lb/in2 (MPa) UV plus

heat

4,496-5,627 (31-39)

6,630 (45.7)

7,700 (53)

503 (3.47)

10,400-11,400 (72-79)

UV postcure

725,000 (5,000)

Tensile modulus


heat

195,076-262,519

(1,345-1,810)

357,000 (2,460)

856,000 (5,900)

not available 1,340,200-1,392,000(9,240-9,600)

UV postcure 2.1-3% Elongation

(ASTM D638) % at break UV plus

heat

20% 7.9%

1.2-1.5%

75% 1.2-1.3

UV postcure

0.28 (15.0)


Izod) ft-lb/in of

notch (J/m)

UV plus heat

0.5-1.0 (27-50)

0.44 (23.5)

0.30 (15.9)

not available 0.3 (13.3-13.7)

UV postcure 93 Hardness


heat

81 81

92

70 (Shore A) 92.9-94.7

General information

UV postcure

65.5o 52.9o

Heat deflection

temperature oC

@66 lb/in2 @265 /lb/in2

UV plus heat

54.5-61.6o 45.4-48.0o

53o 48o

269o 115o

not available 257-259o 83-94o

UV postcure 39o Glass-

transition temperature

oC UV plus heat

37-52o 44o

80o

not available 49o

Price call for pricing call for pricing call for pricing call for pricing $295/kg





Material Somos 7100

Somos 8100

Somos 9100

Somos 10100

WaterClear




SLA 500 (argon ion laser)

Notes high-speed,

humidity-tolerant, heat-resistant resin

specialty resin for flexible parts

durable resin for functional parts

general-purpose resin with mid-range

properties; produces clear parts

strong, high-temperature tolerant, water-resistant

resin; parts have cherry-red appearance



Critical exposure Ec (mJ/cm2) 10.0 7.2 6.8 8.1 12.2

Depth of penetration Dp (mils) 5.6 6.2 5.1 5.5 5.5

Viscosity centipoise at 30oC 800 600 560 130 410

Density g/cm3 at 25oC 1.13 1.11 1.11 1.12 1.15




Material Somos 7100

Somos 8100

Somos 9100



Physical properties

UV postcure

8,600 (59)

10,182 (70.2)

Tensile strength


heat 9,500 (66)

3,800 (26)

4,000-4,600 (27.6-31.7)

5,076 (35)

11,168 (77)

UV postcure

331,000 (2,282)

510,534 (3,520)

Tensile modulus

(ASTM D638) lb/in2 (MPa)

UV plus heat

337,000 (2,324)

40,000- 107,000

(276-740)

166,000-205,000(1,144-1,413)

284,274 (1,960)

471,374 (3,250)



heat 2.7-7.8%

17-24% 14-17% 23%

4.5%

UV postcure

0.5 (26.7)

0.215 (11.5)


Izod) ft-lb/in of

notch (J/m)

UV plus heat

0.6 (32)

1.1 (55)

0.6-0.8 (46-62)

0.648 (345)

0.315 (16.8)

UV postcure 86 85.3 Hardness


heat 86

81 85 81

86.7

General information

UV postcure

56.5o 51.9o

Heat deflection

temperature oC

@66 lb/in2 @265 /lb/in2

UV plus heat

63-99o 54o 60-65o 52.9o

45.7o 126.2o 110.7o

Glass-transition temperature oC not available not available not available 37o 74-111o

Price $187/kg $187/kg $225/kg $225/kg $240/kg




Technology Stereolithography Manufacturer Huntsman (Table 1 of 4)

Material Renshape SL-5170

Renshape SL-5210

RenshapeSL-5220

RenshapeSL-5240

Renshape SL-5260

RenshapeSL-5180

Renshape SL-5410

RenshapeSL-5430

RenshapeSL-5440


Type of machine (laser) helium-cadmium lasers argon-ion laser

Notes

high-accuracy general-use resin

heat and water-

resistant resin

fast, general-use resin

tough resin,

mimics poly-

propylene

durable material

that mimics ABS


fast, general-use resin

heat- andwater-

resistant resin

durable resin for testable

prototypes, mimics poly-

propylene

Postcure method UV light UV light and heat UV light UV light UV light

and heat UV light UV light UV light and heat UV light


Critical exposure Ec (mJ/cm2) 13.5 5.0 9.0 9.9 5.2 16.2 10.1 7.3 6.5

Depth of penetration Dp (mils) 4.8 4.9 5.6 6.7 4.2 5.2 4.8 5.8 4.9

Viscosity centipoise at 30oC 165-195 305 275 375 290 187 370 495 280

Density g/cm3 at 25oC 1.14 1.15 1.14 1.14 1.18 1.15 1.16 1.18 1.14





Renshape SL-5210

RenshapeSL-5220

RenshapeSL-5240

Renshape SL-5260

RenshapeSL-5180

Renshape SL-5410

RenshapeSL-5430

RenshapeSL-5440

Physical properties

UV postcure

2,200 (15)

8,300 (58)

7,300-8,050

(51-56) Tensile strength (ASTM D638)


heat

8,600-8,800

(59-60) 6,500 (45)

9,000 (62)

5,200-5,500

(36-38) 8,600 (60)

6,000-6,300

(41-43)

10,450 (72)

4,900-8,480

(34-59)

5,100-5,400

(35-37)

UV postcure

211,000(1,455)

360,000(2,500)

2,358-2,660

(342-387) Tensile modulus (ASTM D638)


heat

542,000- 603,000 (2,400-2,500) 438,000

(3,020)

392,000(2,703)

227,000-245,000(1,565-1,689) 350,000

(2,400)

372,000-410,000(2,565-2,827)

449,000 (3,095)

3,240-3,720

(467-540)

200,000-230,000(1,400-1,600)

UV postcure 1.2% 12% 2.9-4.9% Elongation


heat

7-19%

1.6%

8.3% 22-26%

14%

6-16% 4.2%

1.3-2.7%

18-21%

UV postcure

0.4 (21)

0.7 (40)

0.4 (21) Impact strength

(notched Izod) ft-lb/in of notch

(J/m) UV plus heat

0.5-0.7 (27-30)

0.5 (27)

0.7 (37)

0.8-1.0(43-53)

0.7 (40)

0.6-0.8(32-47)

0.73 (39)

0.29 (15)

0.65-0.75(35-40)

UV postcure 84 85 87 Hardness


heat

85

85

86 84

86

84 86

90

82

General information

UV postcure

47o 46o

46o 42o

58o 50o

58o 51o

61o 55o

63o 52o

60o 52o

Heat deflection temperature

oC @66 lb/in2


heat

55o 49o

99o 74o

76o 62o

82o 66o

97o 78o

49o 42o

88o 76o

281o 122o

81o 60o

Glass-transition temperature oC 65-90o 60-92o 53o 61o 73-95o 65-85o 68-88o 88-119o not

available

Price $165/kg $165/kg $165/kg $165/kg $165/kg $165/kg $165/kg $165/kg $165/kg






RenShape SL-7510

RenShape SL-7520

RenShape SL-7540

RenShape SL-7545

RenShape SL-7560



solid-state lasers (1-SLA 3500 2-SLA 5000 3-SLA 7000 4-SLA Viper)

Notes

heat- and water-

resistant resin

fast, general-use,

humidity-resistant resin

general-use resin, good

surface finish

tough resin, mimics

thermoplastics like polypropylene

produces polypropylene-like

parts

produces opaque white parts that resemble

injection-molded plastics with ABS-like properties



Critical exposure Ec (mJ/cm2) 8.9 13.81/10.92/8.33 9.5 10.11/8.72/10.93/114 9.6 5.4


Dp (mils) 5.4 5.81/5.52/5.13 4.9 6.21/6.02/6.63/7.24 6.6 5.2

Viscosity centipoise at 30oC 210 325 450 279 350 200

Density g/cm3 at 25oC 1.19 1.17 1.18 1.14 1.15 1.18





RenShape SL-7510

RenShapeSL-7520

RenShape SL-7540

RenShape SL-7545

RenShape SL-7560

Physical properties

UV postcure

8,300-8,900 (56-61)

9,000-9,400(62-65)

5,500-5,900 (38-41)1

5,500-5,700 (38-39)2

5,000-5,200 (34-36)3

5,700 (39)4

5,000-5,700 (35-40)

6,000-9,000 (42-62)


UV plus heat

6,800-8,900 (47-61)

8,300 (57)1

6,500 (44)2 7,340 (51)3

9,100-10,000(63-69)

5,100-5,700 (35.2-39.3)1

5,500-5,900 (38-41)2

5,500-5,700 (37.9-39.3)3

5,200 (34)4

5,000-5,700 (35-40)

8,000-10,000 (56-69)

UV postcure

419,000- 456,000

(2,889-3,144)

2,937-3,158(426-458)

242,000-251,000 (1,669-1,731)1

223,000-241,000 (1,538-1,662) 2

209,000-222,000 (1,441-1,531)3

219,000 (1,510)4

200,000-275,000 (1,400-1,900)

350,000-375,000 (2,400-2,600)


UV plus heat

520,000- 545,000

(3,585-3,758)

382,000 (2,634)1 320,000 (2,206)2 331,000 (2,282)3

2,882-2,958(418-429)

192,000-202,000 (1,324-1,393)1

192,000-202,000 (1,324-1,393)2

195,000-201,000 (1,344-1,386)3

180,000 (1,241)4

220,000-280,000 (1,400-1,900)

350,000-385,000 (2,400-2,700)

UV postcure 3.8-4.4% 5.2-7.2%

21.4-25.5%1 21.2-22.4%2

19.9-21.9%3

32%4

12-21% 6-15% Elongation

(ASTM D638)

% at break UV plus

heat 1.3-2.9%

10.1%1

13.7%2 4.2%3

2.9-3.8%

18.2-23.2%1 19.2-22.1%2 17.6-20.8%3

24%4

10-16% 6-15%





RenShape SL-7510

RenShape SL-7520

RenShape SL-7540

RenShape SL-7545

RenShape SL-7560

Physical properties

UV postcure

0.4 (21)

0.29-0.34 (15.5-18.1)

0.68-0.89 (36.3-47.5)1 0.72-0.86

(38.4-45.9)2 0.69-0.84

(36.8-44.8)3

0.5-0.7 (28-39)

0.5-0.8 (28-44) Impact

strength (notched

Izod) ft-lb/in of

notch (J/m)

UV plus heat

0.4 (21)

0.7 (37.4)1 0.6 (32)2

0.5 (26.7)3

0.20-0.28 (10.7-15.0)

0.52-0.62 (27.8-33.1)1 0.52-0.64

(27.8-34.2)2 0.48-0.56

(25.6-29.9)3

0.4-0.6 (22-33)

0.5-0.8 (28-44)

UV postcure 88 86 79 79 86 Hardness


heat 90

87

90 81-82 81 88

General information

UV postcure

70-85o 55-58o

58o 49o

54o 49o

62o 50o

48-50o 43-48o 56-60o Heat


oC @66 lb/in2


heat 170-250o 109-120o

89o 73o

89o 72o

74o 55o

58-60o 48-50o 84-101o

Glass-transition temperature oC 79-122o 65o 68-87o 55-57o 55-58o 60-62o

Price $215/kg $215/kg $215/kg $215/kg $215/kg $215/kg





Material RenShape SL-7565 RenShape SL-7570 RenShape SL-7580 RenShape SL-7800



solid-state lasers (1-SLA 3500 2-SLA 5000 3-SLA 7000 4-SLA Viper)

Notes produces optically clear

parts with ABS-like properties

clear, colorless material for high accuracy

produces opaque ABS-like parts with long-term stability

general purpose resin excellent for QuickCast

patterns

Postcure method UV light and heat


Critical exposure Ec (mJ/cm2) 8.2 6.2 9.4 9.98 (SLA 5000/7000)

9.51 (SLA 500/3500/Viper Si2)


Dp (mils) 5.2 4.5 4.7 5.74 (SLA 5000/7000)

5.67 (SLA 500/3500/Viper Si2)

Viscosity centipoise at 30oC 165 180 580 205

Density g/cm3 at 25oC 1.17 1.16 1.18 1.12





Physical properties

UV postcure

6,600-7,800 (46-54)

8,600-8,700 (59-60)

7,700 (53)

6,000-6,800 (41 – 47)


UV plus heat

6,600-7,800 (46-54)

8,600-8,700 (59-60)

7,700 (53)

6,400 (44)

UV postcure

290,000-360,000 (2,000-2,500)

330,000 (2,300)

300,000-350,000 (2,075-2,400)


UV plus heat

290,000-360,000 (2,000-2,500)

390,000-420,000 (2,700-2,900)

330,000 (2,300)

310,000-320,000 (2,180-2,250)

UV postcure 19-30% 6-7% 11% 10-18%

Elongation (ASTM D638)

% at break UV plus

heat 22-35% 7-8% 10% 10-15%





Physical properties

UV postcure

0.5-0.7 (28-38)

0.45-0.49 (24-26)

0.6 (34)

0.7-1.1 (37-58) Impact

strength (notched

Izod) ft-lb/in of

notch (J/m)

UV plus heat

0.5-0.7 (28-38)

0.47-0.54 (25-29)

0.6 (34)

0.7-0.9 (37-48)

UV postcure 84 89 84 87 Hardness


heat 85 90 85 87

General information

UV postcure 48-52o 50-60o 52-63o 62 o Heat


oC @66 lb/in2


heat 51-57o 93-95o 76-97o n/a

Glass-transition temperature oC 56-72o 60-65o 70-72o 57-59 o

Price $215/kg $215/kg $215/kg call for pricing






Renshape SL-5195

RenshapeSL-5510

Renshape H-C 9100R

RenShape Y-C 9300R

RenShape Y-C 9500

RenShape Y-C 9500 FT1


photopolymer resin (acrylate)

Type of machine (laser) solid-state lasers helium-cadmium

laser solid-state lasers

Notes

low-viscosity

general-use resin

low-viscosity general-use resin

humidity-resistant,


specialty resin for medical models; may be sterilized

in autoclave; color may be selectively added by overcuring

clear material for medical

applications; may be sterilized by conventional techniques

flesh-colored material for

medical applications such as hearing aids; may be sterilized by conventional

techniques

Postcure method UV light



Depth of penetration Dp (mils) 4.6 5.2 4.1 5.3 9.4 6.3 3.8

Viscosity centipoise at 30oC 175 180 180 1,030 1,090 1,090 1,050

Density g/cm3 at 25oC 1.15 1.16 1.13 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.12





Renshape SL-5195

RenshapeSL-5510

Renshape H-C 9100R

RenShape Y-C 9300R

RenShape Y-C 9500

RenShape Y-C 9500 FT1

Physical properties

UV postcure Tensile strength


heat

8,000- 8,200

(55-57)

6,740 (46.5)

11,100(77)

7,250 (50)

6,525 (45)

6,525 (45)

5,200 (36)

UV postcure Tensile modulus


heat

315,000- 330,000 (2,150-2,250)

303,000 (2,090)

478,000(3,296)

201,000 (1,389)

191,000 (1,315)

191,000 (1,315)

115,000 (800)

UV postcure Elongation


heat

9% 11-22% 5.4% 8% 7% 7% 10%

UV postcure Impact strength

(notched Izod) ft-lb/in of notch

(J/m) UV plus heat

0.5 (27)

1.0 (54)

0.5 (27) not available not available not available not available

UV postcure Hardness


heat

80 83 86 75 75 75 75

General information

UV postcure

62o 53o

Heat deflection temperature

oC @66 lb/in2


heat

50o 43o

47o 43o

87o 76o

not available not available not available not available

Glass-transition temperature oC 60-80o not

available 68o flash point >140o flash point >140o 52o 72o

Price $175/kg $175/kg $175/kg $215/kg $215/kg $215/kg call for pricing





Manufacturer SLA

Materials Inc.

Tuxedo Photopolymers

Material HI-REZZ A1850CL G3-HCH G3-HCM G3-HCF G3-ARH G3-ARM G3-ARF G3-SLH G3-SLM G3-SLF

Type of material photopolymer photopolymer resin

(carbonate-epoxy)


solid-state lasers helium-cadmium lasers argon-ion lasers solid-state lasers

Notes

ABS-like water-

resistant, tough, clear

resin

hard parts

medium-hard parts

flexible parts hard parts medium-

hard partsflexible parts hard parts medium-

hard partsflexible parts

Postcure method UV light

Process properties - liquid resin

Critical exposure Ec

(mJ/cm2) 6.7 9.5-11.0 9.5-11.0 9.5-11.0 7.0-11 7.0-11 7.0-11 9.5 9.5 9.5


Dp (mils)

4.6 5.6-6.0 5.6-6.0 5.6-6.0 5.0-6.0 5.0-6.0 5.0-6.0 5.6 5.6 5.6

Viscosity (centipoise at

30oC) 140 380 380 380 380 382 382 380 380 380

Density g/cm3 at 25oC not available 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.13 1.13 1.13




Material HI-REZZ A1850CL G3-HCH G3-HCM G3-HCF G3-ARH G3-ARM G3-ARF G3-SLH G3-SLM G3-SLF

Physical properties

Tensile strength lb/in2

(Mpa) ASTM D638

6,338 (43.7)

7,000-7,440 (49-52)

4,200-4,570(29-32)

2,572-2,857(18-20)

6,850-7,720(48-54)

4,000-4,350(28-30)

3,150-4,000(22-28)

5,000-5,300 (35-37)

4,400-4,700(31-33)

4,000-4,285(28-30)

Tensile modulus lb/in2

(Mpa) ASTM D638

336,487 (2,320)

266,000-305,000 (1,860-2,130)

202,000-215,000 (1,410-1,500)

95,700-112,850

(670-790)

283,000-316,000(1,980-2,210)

178,500-207,000(1,250-1,450)

103,000-117,000

(720-820)

236,000-260,000 (1,650-1,820)

187,000-220,000(1,310-1,540)

140,000-164,000

(980-1,150)

Elongation at break

ASTM D638 11% 6-8% 15-17% 15-18% 5-8% 14-18% 20-28% 11-14% 16-25% 18-27%

Impact strength

(notched Izod) (J/m)

ASTM D256

0.41 (22) (52-55) (50-53) (80-82) (25-28) (34-38) (50-60) (37-40) (47-51) (54-56)

Hardness (Shore D-

scale) ASTM D2240

83 83-85 81-83 78-80 83-85 81-83 77-80 83-85 81-83 80-82

General information

Heat deflection

temperature oC

@66 lb/in2 @265 /lb/in2

-- 42º not available

Glass transition

Tg DME Peak E

77º 56-61o 56-61o 55-57o 58-61o 56-61o 53-57o 56-61o 56-61o 56-61o

Price call for pricing

$100-150/kg

$100-150/kg

$100-150/kg

$100-150/kg

$100-150/kg

$100-150/kg

$100-150/kg

$100-150/kg

$100-150/kg




Technology Selective Laser Sintering Manufacturer 3D Systems

Material DuraForm PA DuraForm GF DuraForm AF CastForm DuraForm Flex LaserForm ST-200

LaserForm A6

Type of material polyamide powder

glass-filled polyamide

powder

polyamide-aluminum powder

polystyrene powder

elastomeric plastic powder

polymer-coated stainless steel

powder

polymer-coated A6 steel and tungsten-carbide powders

Type of machine Sinterstation and Vanguard laser-sintering systems

Notes

good thermal stability and

chemical resistance

high-durability material; good

thermal stability and chemical

resistance

cast aluminum look with excellent

surface finish, detail, and wear

resistance

performs almost identically to

foundry wax for shell investment

casting

rubber-like performance to

simulate gaskets, hoses, seals; can

be colored or pressure-sealed

with infiltrants

tooling material; provides

performance similar to P20

steel

increased-hardness

tooling material;

similar to tool steel

General properties

Density (g/cm3) 0.59 0.84 0.89 0.46 0.44 6.73 7.8

Average particle size

(microns) 58 48 not available 62 85 23 2-40

Specific gravity at 20oC .097 1.4 not available 0.86 not available not available not available




Material DuraForm PA DuraForm GF DuraForm AF CastForm DuraForm Flex

LaserForm

ST-200

LaserForm A6

Physical properties


lb/in2 (MPa)

6,300 (44)

5,500 (38.1)

4,786 (33)

415 (2.8)

228 (1.6) as produced 293 (20) infiltrated

62,000 (435)

infiltrated with bronze

46% bronze/ 54% stainless

steel

88,000 (610)

infiltrated with bronze45% bronze/

55% stainless

steel

Elastic modulus (ASTM D638)

lb/in2 (MPa)

230,000 (1,600)

855,000 (5,910)

638,000 (4,400)

233,000 (1,604)

926 (6.4) as produced

1,440 (9.9) infiltrated

19,700,000 (137,000)

infiltrated with bronze

46% bronze/ 54% stainless

steel

20,000,000(138,000)infiltrated

with bronze45% bronze/

55% stainless

steel


% at yield 9% 2% 2.1% not

available

104% as produced

117% infiltrated

6% infiltrated with

bronze 46% bronze/

54% stainless steel

2-4% infiltrated

with bronze45% bronze/

55% stainless

steel

Impact strength (notched Izod

test) ft-lb/in of notch

(J/m)

4.0 (214)

1.8 (96) not available <0.20

(<11) not applicable not applicable not applicable

Hardness (Shore D-scale) not available not available not available not

available

60 Shore A as produced

67 Shore A infiltrated

79 Rockwell B-scale

10-20 Rockwell C-scale

may be heat-treated to 39

Rockwell C-scale

General information

Melting point oC 184o 185o not available not applicable 192o not applicable not

applicable

Glass-transition temperature

oC not applicable not applicable not applicable 89o not applicable not applicable not

applicable

Cost of raw material $132/kg $88/kg not available $132/kg not available $79/kg call for

pricing




Technology Direct Metal Laser Sintering Manufacturer EOS (1 of 3)

Material DirectSteel 20 DirectMetal 20 DirectSteel H20 EOS StainlessSteel 17-4 MaragingSteel MS1

(based on provisional product data sheet)

Type of material

fine-grained steel-based metal powder

fine-grained bronze-based metal powder

fine-grained alloy steel powder

fine-grained 17-4PH (1.4542) stainless steel

powder

pre-alloyed ultra-high-strength steel powder

Type of machine

EOSINT M 250 Xtended

EOSINT M 250 Xtended, EOSINT M

270

EOSINT M 250 Xtended, EOSINT M

270 EOSINT M 270 EOSINT M 270

Notes

heavy-duty injection molds, direct

manufacture of metal parts

injection molds and inserts for molding a few thousand parts,

direct manufacture of metal parts

injection molds with properties similar to those made of tool

steels

functional prototypes, small series production, individualized products

etc. with high toughness and ductility

tooling, parts requiring particularly high strength and

hardness

General properties

Density (g/cm3)

Part density approx. 7.6 Part density approx. 7.6 Part density approx.

7.8 not available not available

Average

particle size (microns)

approx. 20 approx. 20 approx. 20 approx. 20 approx.20

Specific gravity at 20oC not available




Physical properties

Tensile strength


87,000 (580)

58,000 (400)

160,000 (1,100)

130,000 (900)

145,000 up to 275,000 (1,000 up to 1,900 after age

hardening)

Elastic modulus


19,000,000 (130,000)

11,600,000 (80,000)

26,000,000 (180,000)

28,000,000 (190,000)

26,000,000 (180,000)


% at yield not available not available 4% up to 30% up to 8% (at break)

Impact strength

(notched Izod test)


not available not available not available not available notched Charpy 45

Hardness (Shore D-scale)

94 Rockwell B-scale

65 Rockwell B-scale

38-42 Rockwell C-scale

approx. 40 Rockwell C-scale

Up to 50-54 Rockwell C on age hardening

General information

Melting point not available not available not available not available not available

Glass-transition

temperature oC

not available not available not available not available not available

Cost of raw material call for pricing call for pricing call for pricing call for pricing call for pricing




Technology Direct Metal Laser Sintering Manufacturer EOS (2 of 3)

Material EOS CobaltChrome MP1 EOS Titanium Ti64 EOS Titanium CP2 CarbonMide PA2210 FR

Type of material

fine-grained CoCrMo-based superalloy

powder

fine-grained Ti-6Al-4V powder

fine-grained Ti commercially pure grade

2 powder

carbon fiber-filled polyamide powder

polyamide powder with added chemical

fire retardant

Type of machine EOSINT M 270 EOSINT M 270 EOSINT M 270 EOSINT P38x EOSINT P3 series

and P700

Notes

especially suitable for biomedical implants and

parts requiring high mechanical properties in elevated temperatures

especially suitable for biomedical implants and

parts requiring high strength to weight ratio

especially suitable for biomedical implants

high stiffness and strength applications

for flame-resistant plastic parts

General properties

Density (g/cm3)

Part density approx. 8.3 not available not available Part density 1.04 Part density 1.05

Average

particle size (microns)

approx. 20 approx. 20 approx. 20 60 not available





Physical properties

Tensile strength


200,000 (1,400)

170,000 (1,200) not available

in x 10,000, y 8,000, z 3,600

(in x 72, y 56, z 25)

6,500 (45)

Elastic modulus


30,000,000 (210,000)

17,000,000 (120,000) not available

in x 884,000, y 493,000, z 319,000 (in x 6,100,

y 3,400, z 2,200)

326,000 (2250)


% at yield 10% approx. 8% >30% x 4.1, y 6.3, z 1.3

(at break) 5.0

Impact strength

(notched Izod test)


not available not available not available

x 5.3 KJ/m2, y 4.4, z 2.1

(notched Charpy)

not available

Hardness (Shore D-scale) 40-45 Rockwell C-scale approx. 33 Rockwell

C-scale not available not available not available

General information

Melting point oC not available not available not available 172-180o 172-180o

Glass-transition

temperature oC

not available not available not available not available not available

Cost of raw material call for pricing due for commercial release later this year call for pricing call for pricing




Technology Laser Sintering Manufacturer EOS (3 of 3) DSM Somos

Material PA 2200 PA 3200 GF PrimeCast 101 Quartz 4.2/5.7 Alumide Somos 201

Type of material polyamide powder

glass-filled polyamide

powder

polystyrene powder

phenolic resin-coated sand

30%-aluminum-

filled polyamide

elastomeric polymer powder

Type of machine EOSINT P EOSINT S EOSINT P plastic-sintering systems

Notes

good thermal

stability and chemical

resistance

high-durability material;

good thermal

stability and chemical

resistance

suitable for building

investment-casting patterns

sand-casting patterns and

cores

stiff, durable parts with metallic

appearance

highly flexible with rubber-like properties

General properties

Density (g/cm3)

0.435-0.445 0.59-0.62 0.61 4.2-5.7 not available 0.58

Average particle

size (microns)

60 60 80 140-160 not available 93

0.91 Specific gravity at 20oC not available 1.07

infiltrated with wax




Material

PA 2200

PA 3200 GF PrimeCast 100 Quartz 4.2/5.7 Alumide Somos 201

Physical properties

Tensile strength


6,000 (45)

6,850 (48)

170-790 (1.2-5.5) not applicable 6,000

(45) not available

2,215 (15.5) Elastic

modulus (ASTM D638)

lb/in2 (MPa)

242,000 (1,700)

457,000 (3,200)

230,000 (1,600) not applicable 522,000

(3,600) 2,500 (17.3)


111% Elongation (ASTM D638)

% at yield

20% (at break ISO 527)

6% (at break ISO 527)

0.4% (at breakISO 527)

not applicable 3%

(at break ISO 527) 130%


Impact strength

(notched Izod test)


8.2 (440) 4.0 (213) not available not applicable not

available not available

74 Shore

A-scale Hardness

(Shore D-scale) 75 80 not available not applicable 76 75

Shore A-scale


General information

Melting point oC 172-180o 172-180o Not

applicable not applicable 180o not applicable

Glass-transition

temperature oC

not applicable not applicable 105o not applicable not available

melting point 156o

Cost of raw material $79/kg $64/kg

$99/kg (provisional

pricing) $1.80-4.00/kg $68/kg $132/kg




Technology Laser Sintering Manufacturer CRP Technology

Material WindformGF WindformPRO WindformPRO B Windform XT

Type of material aluminum- and

glass-filled nylon powder

aluminum- and glass-filled nylon

powder

black-colored nylon powder

carbon and nylon composite powder

Type of machine laser-sintering machines

Notes superior stiffness

and surface finish

improvement of WindformGF

mechanical props.

improved HDT, wear resistance, and

elasticity

very high UTS and wear resistance

General properties

Density (g/cm3) 1.5 1.42 1.21 1.101

Average particle size

(microns) not available not available not available not available


Physical properties


lb/in2 (MPa)

6,910 (47.646)

EN ISO 527-1-2

7,600 (52.56)

EN ISO 527-1-2

6,800 (47.05)

EN ISO 527-1-2

11,300 (77.85)

EN ISO 527-1-2


lb/in2 (MPa)

639,900 (4,412)

EN ISO 527-1-2

720,000 (4,964.8)

EN ISO 527-1-2

523,800 (3,612)

EN ISO 527-1-2

1,061,000 (7,320)

EN ISO 527-1-2


% at yield 2.5% at break 2.92% at break 3.81% at break 2.6% at break



(J/m)

Charpy unnotched ASTM

D256 (31.86 KJ/m2)

Charpy unnotchedASTM D256

(17.75 KJ/m2)

Charpy unnotched ASTM D256

(31.08 KJ/m2)

Charpy unnotched ASTM D256 (32.4 KJ/m2)

Hardness (Shore D-scale) not available not available not available not available

General information

Melting point, oC 180° 180° 180° 179.33°

Glass-transition temperature, oC not available not available not available not available

Cost of raw material call for pricing call for pricing call for pricing call for pricing




Technology Fused Deposition Modeling

Manufacturer Stratasys Sibco

Material ABS ABSi ICW06 wax

Elastomer E20 Polycarbonate Polycarbonate

ISO Poly-

phenylsulfone PC-ABS Multipurpose ABS filament

Type of material

acrylonitrile butadiene

styrene filament

methyl meth-

acrylate acrylonitrile butadiene

styrene filament

investment-casting

wax filament

proprietary plastic

filament

polycarbonate filament

polycarbonate filament

polyphenyl sulfone filament

polycarbonate/acrylonitrile butadiene

styrene blend filament

acrylonitrile butadiene

styrene filament

Type of machine

Dimension Maxum Titan TI Vantage SE Vantage S Vantage i (when configured with ABS) Prodigy Plus

Dimension Maxum Titan TI Vantage SE Vantage S Vantage i (when configured with ABS) Prodigy Plus

FDM-2000 FDM-3000

Titan TI Vantage S

Vantage SE Vantage i

(when configured with PC)

Titan TI Vantage S

Vantage SE Titan TI

Titan TI Vantage S

Vantage SE

FDM-2000/FDM-3000/FDM-8000/

Prodigy Plus/Quantum

/ Maxum/Titan/

Dimension

Notes

durable, strong,

good heat and

chemical resistance; comes in

colors

can be sterilized

with gamma radiation

investment-casting

wax, burns out with normal

procedures

tough, flexible

material; ideal for seals,

gaskets, etc.

very tough thermoplastic,

commonly used for

manufacturing

Complies with ISO-1099-3 and Class VI classification

so can be used for

packaging and medical

very tough thermoplastic,

commonly used for

manufacturing

this blend combines the

most desirable

properties of both materials

durable, strong, good

heat and chemical

resistance; comes in

colors




Material ABS ABSi ICW06 wax

ElastomerE20 Polycarbonate Polycarbonate

ISO Poly-

phenylsulfone PC-ABS Multipurpose ABS filament

Physical properties

3,800 (19.3)

at 71oC Tensile

strength (ASTM D638)

lb/in2 (MPa)

5,000 (34.45)

5,400 (37.21)

509 (3.5)

930 (64)

9,211 (63)

7,500 (52)

10,100 (69)

5,040 (34.8) 6,100

(35.2) at 23oC 190,000 (1,300) at 71oC

Elastic modulus


360,000 (2,495)

286,000 (1,963)

40,000 (275)

10,000(69)

350,000 (2,380)

253,000 (1,744)

340,000 (2,312)

265,000 (1,827) 270,000

(1,900) at 23oC


% at yield >10% >10% >10% >10% not available 5% 7.2% 4.3% 12.29%

(at break)

Impact strength

(notched Izod test)


2.0 (107)

3.3 (176)

0.32 (17)

6.5 (347)

13.2 (754)

1 (53.39)

13.7 (782) 2.3 (123) not available

Hardness (Shore D-

scale) 78 76 13

96 Shore

A-scale

70 Rockwell R not available 122

Rockwell R

110 Rockwell

R

102 Rockwell R

General information

Glass-transition

temperature oC

(Heat-deflection

temperature oC)

not available

not available

not available

not available

not available

(125o)

161 o (127 o)

not available (207o)

125 o (110 o)

240o (melting point)

Cost of raw material

$250/kg ($425 per 116-cubic-inch spool)

$250/kg ($425 per 116-cubic-inch spool)

$250/kg $320/kg

$261/kg ($380 per 93-cubic-

inch spool)

call for pricing

$450/kg ($660 per 93-

cubic-inch spool)

NA $80/kg




Technology Jetting Digital Light Processing Laminated Object Manufacturing

Manufacturer Solidscape Envisiontec Cubic Tech. Sibco

Material ProtoBuild NanoCure RC25 Perfactory R5 Perfactory

Y8 Perfactory PIC-100

Perfactory E-Shell

Cubic SixMill paper MHP MRP

Type of material

blend of proprietary

organic compounds

nanoparticle-filled

photopolymer photopolymer photo-

polymer photo-

polymer photo-

polymer

bleached kraft paper with heat-activated adhesive coating

paper with heat-

activated adhesive coating

paper with heat-

activated adhesive coating

Type of machine

PatternMaster/ T66 Personal Modeler T612

Perfactory, Vanquish

Perfactory Mini, Standard

& Vanquish

Perfactory Mini,

Standard, Vanquish

Perfactory Mini,

Standard, Vanquish

Perfactory Mini,

Standard, Vanquish

LOM-1015/LOM-2030

Notes

can be sanded, shaped,

painted, or coated;

optimized for investment-casting and

mold-making

for strong, stiff, high

temperature resistant

composite parts

for robust and accurate parts

that are polypropylene

-like

for flexible high impact

strength parts

for investment- casting, the resin melts into liquid

wax

Class 6 bio-compatible

photo-polymer

temperature-resistant,

high- performance coated paper

temperature-

resistant, high-

perfor-mance coated paper

moisture-resistant,

high-perfor-mance LOM paper

Physical properties

Tensile strength


6,600 (46)

4,500 – 5,600 (31-39)

3,960 (27.3)

6,900 (47.8)

Elastic modulus


709,000 (4,890)

180,500 – 219,000 (1,245 – 1,510)

40,900-102,500

(282-707)

342,200 (2360)


% at yield

2.5% (at break)

11-25% (at break)

27% (at break)

3.2% 5.9%

(at break)

Impact strength

(notched Izod) ft-lb/in of

notch (J/m)

data not available

SolidScape

says the material provides

mechanical strength about twice that of investment-casting wax

and has “plastic-like”

structural and tactile qualities. 0.3

(16) 0.5-0.9 (27-50)

1.01 (54)

0.4 (21.1)

Hardness (Shore D-

scale) 52 93.1 81 78

not available

83

not available

produces parts with similar characteristics to fine-grained plywood; can easily be sanded and finished; may be used for investment-casting patterns

General information

Glass-transition

temperature oC

melting point 92-106o 42-70º 37-52º


52º not available 109º deflection

temp. 77o

deflection temp.

77o

deflection temp.

77o

Cost of raw material $385-430/kg call for pricing $175/kg call for

pricing call for pricing

call for pricing

call for pricing

call for pricing

call for pricing




Technology 3DP Multi-Jet Modeling Manufacturer

Z Corporation

3D Systems

Material

ZP14 (infiltrated

with RenInfiltrant

zi580)

ZP100 (infiltrated

with RenInfiltrant

zi580)

ZCast ThermoJet 88

ThermoJet 2000

VisiJet M100

VisiJet HR-M100

Type of material

starch powder

infiltrated with two-part heat-curable

infiltrant

plaster powder

infiltrated with two-part heat-curable

infiltrant

mixture of ceramic

and plaster powder

organic thermo-polymer (wax)

acrylic photopolymer resin

acrylic photopolymer resin

Type of machine

ZPrinter 310 Z-406 Z-810

Z-406Z-810 ThermoJet InVision

3D printer InVision HR 3D

printer

Notes

Z Corp. machines “print” parts by jetting binder onto the base powder;

after fabrication, a part may be infiltrated for added strength; making

colored parts is possible by using colored water-based binder; ZCast

parts are not infiltrated

creamy white with waxy

feel; models may be used

as investment-

casting patterns;

also available in black and

gray

opaque white parts;

produces durable parts;

good detail even on

down-facing surfaces

white, gray, red, blue, or black

parts; produces durable parts;

good detail even on down-facing

surfaces

opaque blue parts with high feature

resolution, durable for presentation

models and patterns




Manufacturer Z Corporation 3D Systems

Physical properties

Tensile strength


1,560-2,175 (10.8-15)

1,247-2,146(8.6-14.8)

3,480 (24)

3,480 (24)

Elastic modulus


435,000-580,000 (3,000-4,000)

529,000-636,000

(3,657-4,389)

112,400 (775)

112,400 (775)


% at yield

not available not available 15.6%

(at break) 15.6%

(at break)

Impact strength

(notched Izod test)


0.22-0.24 (12-13)

0.18-0.21 (10-11.21)

0.25 (13.3)

0.25 (13.3)

Hardness (Shore D-

scale) 68-74 74-80

ZCast patterns are

not infiltrated;

they must be baked to

remove any moisture prior to casting.

not available

3D Systems says ThermoJet 88

delivers superior model quality and surface workability

that is best suited for producing

communication models and patterns for casting or molding

applications; when model toughness is a

requirement, ThermoJet 2000 material delivers greatly enhanced model durability

not available

not available not available

General information

Glass-transition

temperature oC

not available

melting point

85-95o

softening temp. 70o

melting point

70-75o

softening temp. 55o

not available not available

Cost of raw material

$0.31-$1.65 per cubic

inch of part, depending

upon infiltrant

ReInfiltrant zi580 epoxy costs $3/oz.

call for pricing $218/kg $218/kg call for pricing call for pricing




Technology PolyJet Manufacturer

Objet Geometries (Table 1of 2)

Material FullCure 720 Vero White Vero Blue Vero Black Tango Black Tango Gray

Type of material acrylate photo-polymer resin

Type of machine Eden 250/260/330/350/350V/500 Eden 330/350/350V/500

Notes general purpose

transparent resin

good impact strength and flexural modulus with opaque colors

rubber-like flexible materials; black is slightly softer; gray is harder

but still flexible.

Physical properties

Tensile strength


8,700 (60.3)

7,200 (49.8)

8,000 (55.1)

290 (2.0)

632 (4.36)

Elastic modulus


416,000 (2,870)

361,900 (2,495)

397,400 (2,740) not available not available


% at yield

15-25% (at break)

15-25% (at break)

15-25% (at break)

47.7% (at break)

47.0% (at break)

Impact strength

(notched Izod test)


0.74 (39.6)

0.7 (37.5)

0.8 (42.5) not available not available

Hardness (Shore D-

scale) 83 83 83

not available but similar to other Vero materials

61 (Shore A) 75 (Shore A)

General information


oC 48.7º 58.0º 48.7º -10.7º 2.6º

Cost of raw material $225/kg call for pricing call for pricing call for pricing call for pricing call for pricing




Technology PolyJet Manufacturer

Objet Geometries (Table 2 of 2)

Material FullCure 640 FullCure 660 FullCure 680

Type of material acrylate photo-polymer resin

Type of machine Eden 250/260/330/350/350V/500 Notes Hearing aid materials – clear rose clear skin tone

Physical properties


lb/in2 (MPa)

6,200 (43.1)

6,200 (43.1)

8,100 (56.0)


lb/in2 (MPa)

280,000 (1,931)

280,000 (1,931)

392,000 (2,700)


% at yield

18% (at break)

18% (at break)

10.4% (at break)



(J/m)

0.84 (45)

0.84 (45)

0.61 (32.7)

Hardness (Shore D-scale) 84 84 85

General information


oC 63.3º 63.3º 58.5º

Cost of raw material $225/kg call for pricing call for pricing

Source: Wohlers Associates, Inc. Note: All data was supplied by the material vendors and has not been verified through independent testing. Wohlers Associates makes no claims as to the suitability of any material for any purpose. Users of any materials should read and understand each material’s Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) prior to use. Test values have not necessarily been derived by identical methods. Not all physical testing has been done according to ASTM procedures or on test bars manufactured on the additive fabrication equipment. Data should be used for general comparison purposes only. Unless otherwise stated, prices reflect the per kilogram price of material purchased in a standard container for delivery in the U.S. Material prices may vary with the amount purchased and they may not be up to date. Please contact the material vendors for exact prices. Pricing for deliveries outside of the U.S. will vary.

Appendix E: Material properties - 3D Printing | Wohlers ... · Wohlers Report 2007 Appendix E:...

Documents

Transcript of Appendix E: Material properties - 3D Printing | Wohlers ... · Wohlers Report 2007 Appendix E:...