APPENDIX A. Literature Review Resources

Various literature resources were reviewed related to object-oriented approach,

maintainability, usability and software quality models in systematic manner by

following the guidelines of Kitchenham et al. (2004). Only those sources included in

the review process, which showed some direct evidence related to research objectives

described in Chapter 1. The search strategy was based on the inclusion of conferences,

journals, standards, models, technical reports and books. Following Table represents

major online resources referred for review.

Table A.1: Online Resources for Literature Review

SOURCES

SPECIFIC RESOURCES

Digital Libraries /

Electronic Databases

IEEExplore (ieeexplore.ieee.org)

Springer Link (springerlink.com)

CiteSeer (citeseer.ist.psu.edu)

ACM digital library (portal.acm.org)

Scopus (scopus.com)

DBLP Computer Science Bibliography (dblp.uni-trier.de)

Taylor and Francis (taylorandfrancis.com)

Google (scholor.google.com)

Electronic Journals

IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering

IEEE Software

IEEE Computer

Communications of the ACM

ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes

Software Quality Journal (Springer)

Empirical Software Engineering (Springer)

Journal of Systems and Software (Elsevier)

APPENDIX B. Comparison of Object Oriented Metrics

C la

ss

C o u

p li

n g

C o h

es io

n

In h

er it

a n

ce

S iz

e

P o ly

m o rp

h is

m

R ef

er en

ce s

CC AMC Lyu (1992)

DAC, DAC’,

MPC

Li and Henry

(1993)

WMC

CBO, RFC LCOM, DIT,

NOC

Chidamber

and Kemerer

(1994)

NOD,

NOP

NMA Lake and

Cook (1994)

CS,

NOO,

NOA

NMO,

NMINH,

SIX,

NMI

NIM,

NCM,

NPAVG,

NMA

Lorenz and

Kidd (1994)

CF AHF,

MHF

MIF, AIF PF Abreu (1995,

1996)

LCC,

TCC

Bieman and

Kang (1995)

LCOM3,

LCOM4,

CO

Hitz and

Montazeri

(1995)

ICP, IH-ICP,

NIH-ICP

ICH Lee et al.

(1995)

NOM MPC, CTA,

CTM

Li et al.

(1995)

NOD,

NOA

Tegarden et

al. (1995)

LCOM5 AID Henderson

and Sellers

(1996)

CDM CHNL Binkley and

Schach

(1998)

IFCAIC,

ACAIC,

OCAIC,

FCAEC,

DCAEC,

OCAEC,

IFCMIC,

ACMIC,

OCMIC,

FCMEC,

DCMEC,

OCMEC,

IFMMIC,

AMMIC,

OMMIC,

FMMEC,

DMMEC,

OMMEC

NAI Briand et al.

(1998)

NAS Harrison et

al. (1998)

NAC,

NLM,

NDC

CTA, CTM NOO Li (1998)

CACI,

CI,

CMIC

CACL,

CL,

CMICL

Nesi and

Querci

(1998)

DCC, MOA ANA Bansiya (99)

SPA,

DPA,

SPD,

DPD, SP,

DP, NIP,

OVO

Benlarbi and

Melo (1999)

CBM, IC NOMA,

AMCTKC

Tang et al.

(1999)

NAINH NMImp,

NMInh,

NM,

NAImp,

Totattrib,

NumPar,

Stmts,

NMpub,

NMNpub,

Attrib,

States,

EVNT,

READS,

DELS,

RWD,

LOC,

LOC_B,

LOC_H

Cartwright

and Shepperd

(2000)

NAINH DAM,

MO,

FRIEND

Bieman et al.

(2001)

CBOback,

CBOforward

, CFF, CBB

Wilke and

Kitchenham

(2001)

MFH,

MFA,

MAA,

MOA,

MOS,

HRM,

DAH,

OAM,

MAM,

NOC,

NOA,

NOM,

CIS,

CSB,

CSM

CAM DOI,

ANA

NOP Bansiya and

Davis (2002)

CBOin,

CBOout,

RFCin,

RFCout

Yu et al.

(2002)

MaxHAgg,

Nagg,

NAggH,

NGenH

Genero et al.

(2003)

ACD,

NOI,

NOCU

Zimmermann

et al. (2007)

APPENDIX C. Comparison of Maintainability Evaluation Methods

Variables/Metrics Used Methods Used Dataset used Source

AveLOC (Average Line Of

Code),

ES (Executable Statement),

LC (Line of Comment),

NES (Number of Executable

Statement)

MAT

(Maintainability

Analysis Tool),

Regression,

Halsted metrics,

Cyclomatic

Complexity,

Assessment

Model,

Entropy

HP-MAS(Hewett

Packard-

Maintainability

Assessments

System)by

University of

Idaho Software

Engineering lab,

AFOTEC

Instrument

Zhuo et al.

(1993)

DIT (Depth of Inheritance

Tree),

NOC (Number Of Children),

CBO (Coupling Between

Object),

RFC (Response For a Class),

LCOM (Lack of COhesion of

Method),

WMC (Weight Method per

Class)

Linear, Regression

Analysis

Local data sets Li et al.

(1993)

CBO (Coupling Between Object

classes),

LOC (Line Of Code)

Linear Regression

Analysis

2 ADA

system(UIMS,QU

ES commercial )

Henry et

al. (1995)

CDM (Coupling Dependency

Metric),

CBO (Coupling Between Object

classes),

NSSR (Number of Sub System

Relationship),

RFC (Response set For a Class),

WMC (Weight Method per

Class),

DIT (Depth of Inheritance

Tree),

CHNL (Class Hierarchy Nested

Level),

NCIM (Number of Class

Inheriting a Method),

WIH (Width of Inheritance

Hierarchy),

HIH (Height of Inheritance

Hierarchy)

Class Coupling C++ system

(patient core

management),

113cls,82KLOC,f

ile transfer

facility,29 java

classes, 6 KLOC

Binkley et

al. (1998)

Impact Rate, Effort,

Error Rate,

Subjective Evaluation,

Goodness-of-fit statistics test,

Regression coefficient test,

Multidimensional Assessment,

Albrecht Metrics,

Software Complexity Metric,

Card and agresti's Complexity

metric

Regression

Analysis

MAT(Maintainabi

lity Analysis

Tool)using

FLECS(a

Structured Fortran

preprocessor

Muthanna

et al.

(2000)

SLA (Service Level

Agreement),

KLOC (Kilo Line of Code),

TRCA (Time of Resolution of

Critic Anomalies),

MR (no. of Modification

Request),

UC (Urgent Corrective)

Logistic

Regression,

MANTEMA a

methodology for

maintenance

developed by atos

ODS

Using C++ ,where

the context is very

different i.e. not

available in

COBOL (i.e.

pointers)

Hayes et

al. (2005)

KLOC (Kilo Line of Code),

LCOM (Lack of Cohesion in

Method),

LCC (Loose Class Cohesion),

TNOS (Total No. Of

Statement),

DIT (Depth of Inheritance

Tree),

ICAIC (Inheritance Class-

Attribute Import Coupling),

NICAIC (Non-Inheritance

Class-Attribute Import

Coupling),

ICAEC (Inheritance Class-

Attribute Export Coupling),

NICMIC (Non Inheritance

Class Method Import Coupling),

NIMMIC (Non Inheritance

Method-Method Import

Coupling),

IIC (Inheritance Import

Coupling),

IEC (Inheritance Export

Coupling)

DTRIX parser

used to assess

maintainability

aspects of object

oriented software

Java Systems

FUML and

dynamic object

browser(dobs)

Dagpinar

et al.

(2003)

KA (Key Abstraction),

VOPC (View Of Participating

Classes),

UML (Unified Modeling

Language),

PCA (Principal Component

Analysis),

NC (No. of Classes),

NA (No. of Attributes),

NAGG (No. of Aggregation),

NDEP (No. of Dependencies),

Linear Regression Finding the

replicated data

form from data

description using

ANOVA method

Genero et

al. (2003)

MP (Maintainability Products),

CF (Coupling Factor),

CR (Comment Ratio),