Appendix 7.4 Vantage Point Survey Methodology · Vantage Point Methodology The Vantage Point (VP)...
Transcript of Appendix 7.4 Vantage Point Survey Methodology · Vantage Point Methodology The Vantage Point (VP)...
AECOM Volume 3 - Appendices
Appendix 7.4Vantage Point Survey Methodology
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Vantage Point MethodologyThe Vantage Point (VP) surveys followed the guidance published by Scottish Natural Heritage(SNH, 2005) This is currently the most up to date and robust approach available forapplication to collision risk assessments for onshore wind farms, The methodology has beenused in other ornithological wind farm assessments throughout the United Kingdom and isconsidered to be applicable to the assessment of wind farm proposals throughout the UK.
Choice of Survey Area and VP Locations
The chosen Survey Area covered all land up to approximately 500 m from the outermostturbines of the proposed and existing turbines, The survey boundary was designed toresemble a simple geometric shape that coincided with ground features obvious to thesurveyor in the field, including the positions of existing wind turbines, dry stone walls,woodland edges, watercourses, fences, buildings and access tracks visible from the VP,. Thisincreases the accuracy of flight line observations.
Adequate coverage of the Survey Area was achieved from a single VP located on the easternflank of Great Hameldon, looking WNW in an arc of 180°, The VP, viewshed and SurveyArea are shown in figure A9,4-1,The viewshed represents all parts of the survey area within2 km of the VP that are visible upwards of the minimum rotor swept height (RSH) of theexisting turbines (20 m).
Recording Effort
VP watches of maximum 3 hours duration were carried out at different times of the daybetween dawn and dusk, concentrating on post -dawn and dusk periods when peregrineactivity was generally at its greatest. Barring extreme high winds, driving precipitation andconditions of poor visibility such as fog, in which birds were impossible to record, the surveyswere carried out in all conditions.
A total of 36 hours of VP survey was carried out over the entire site in July and August 2009The survey dates and times are summarised in Table A9.4-1..
The VP watches involved continuously scanning the area covered by the chosen viewingangle/arc using the naked eye, binoculars and a telescope
When the target species was not active during VP watches, non -target species were recordedat 5 minute intervals in line with SNH guidance (SNH, 2005). This information was used tosupplement the results of the breeding bird surveys, particularly for areas to the west ofThorny Bank Wood.
Focal animal sampling
The Survey Area was scanned constantly until a target species was detected in flight. Oncedetected, the target bird was watched continuously until it ceased flying or was lost from view.The time the bird was first detected and duration of the flight were recorded Since it wouldbe impossible for a surveyor to make a constant record of changes in bird height and keeptrack of the bird's position, the method allows for bird height to be recorded at time intervals of15 -seconds (at the point of detection T=0, then T=15, T=30 and so on). The birds flyingheight was estimated at each interval by recording it in one of the predetermined height bandsshown below.. These were chosen to correspond to the indicative dimensions of the proposedturbines and the known dimensions of the existing turbines. They fit neither turbine modelexactly because the indicative turbine dimensions and models under consideration were notdecided until after the VP surveys were completed The height bands were:
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<20m
20 - 50m
50 - 100m
>100m
The middle height bands (i e 20-100m) are roughly equal to the RSH, which is the heightrange at which a bird would be at risk of collision.. The number of intervals recorded at eachheight gives a prediction of the amount of time spent at these heights.. This has beenadjusted to account for the differences in RSH between different turbine models (seeAppendix 9.5)..
Additional notes about the behaviour, sex and age of the target birds were made wheneverpossible.. Flights outside the survey area were recorded to aid the assessment of core flightareas, but these were not timed..
Flight Path Summary MapsThe route followed by each target species detected was plotted on a field map and wasnumbered 1, 2, 3 etc for each flight recorded, and cross referenced with the recording form.Display flights, aggressive interactions with other birds or any other signs of breeding wererecorded on the VP form to supplement the bird territory information gathered during thebreeding bird surveys.
References
Scottish Natural Heritage (2005); Consultation Draft. Survey Methods for Use In AssessmentOf The Impacts Of Proposed Onshore Wind Farms On Bird Communities. SNH,http.//www.snh.orq.uk/pdfs/stratemilrenewable/bird survey.pdf
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Table A9.4-1: Vantage Point Survey DatesDate Time Hours10/07/09 Day 2
15/07/09 Day 3
15/07/09 Dusk 2
16/07/09 Day 1
23/07/09 Day 3
23/07/09 Dusk 3
24/07/09 Dawn 3
24/0709 Day 2
29/07/09 Dusk 2.530/07/09 Day 3
30/07/09 Day 1.5
12/08/09 Day 2
12/08/09 Dusk 3
13/08/09 Dawn 3
13/08/09 Day 2
Total 36
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AECOM Volume 3 - Appendices
Appendix 7.5Description of Collision Risk Model
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Calculating the Collision Risk Model (CRM)Principles and Assumptions of the CRM
The aim of the CRM is to estimate the rate of collision for the target species, with theassumption that all collisions would be fatal, In reality, birds do not fly blindly into turbinerotors, instead taking some form of avoiding action through behavioural adjustments orevasive action., This is acknowledged through the application of an avoidance factor to themodel output which, in the absence of empirically derived avoidance rates for most species, isusually an assumed value
The collision rate is calculated automatically using the model developed by Band et al (in
press), as shown in the attached model screenshots The flight time interval data recorded inthe field are used to estimate the proportion of the overall recorded flight time that wouldoccur at Rotor Swept Height (RSH) The model scales this up to derive the predicted birdactivity per unit area per year and from this the number of passes made through the rotors peryear by the target species can be estimated.. The collision rate is then predicted according tothe general principles behind the model, as explained below
Collision mortality is a product of two separate stages of the CRM:
No.. collisions = No.. of passes through rotors (Stage 1) x
Probability of a bird flying through the rotor being hit (Stage 2)
The approach to Stage 1 varies depending on whether or not the target species is a bird orbirds whose use of the wind farm airspace is regular but more or less random (such asraptors and waders with territories within or overlapping the wind farm) or birds that makeregular flights through the wind farm, for instance on passage routes (e ,g over -winteringgeese making regular flights between roost and feeding areas). Peregrine falls within theformer category
Stage 2 is carried out using a 'probability of collision' model as described in SNH guidance(2000) and Band et a/ (in press) This uses the length, wingspan and flight speed of the bird,plus turbine rotor dimensions and rotation speed to compute the probability of a collisionshould a bird make a transit through the air space swept out by the moving rotor.
There are a number of assumptions made in the CRM. For instance the model calculationassumes that the rotor blades have width and pitch but no thickness, and near -misses do notaffect a bird making a pass close to the rotors, despite the slipstream created around aturbine blade.. The model requires an estimation of the amount of time a species is active inthe survey area in a year and also utilises avian biometric data that can be site and season -specific. For example flight speed of the target species is used in both stages of thecalculation, but this may vary depending on whether a species uses the area primarily forbreeding (and hence display flights) or for hunting (involving prey -pursuit), as well as factorssuch as prevailing weather conditions. These two behaviours would be likely to result indifferent flight speeds at different sites, which could deviate significantly from mean air speedvelocities recorded elsewhere.
A key assumption of the model is that no action is taken to avoid collision, however it is widelyacknowledged (for instance by SNH, 2000) that, in reality, birds are likely to take avoidingaction.. In the general absence of empirically derived collision avoidance rates for individualspecies, further assumptions are made about the likely level of active avoidance that mayoccur. Avoidance rates in excess of 99% for several raptors have been reported on otherwind farms (Percival, 2000), however collision rates are likely to be highly site and species -specific, and collision rates at on -shore wind farms are poorly understood. The CRM used inthis assessment assumed a cautious avoidance rate of 95%, following Band et al. (in press)and in line with avoidance rates currently accepted by SNH for most species(http://www.snh.orq.uk/strateqvirenewable/sr-we00a2.asP)
Model Input Data
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The input parameters of the model include variables relating to the turbine dimensions,operational parameters and biometric/ecological characteristics of the target species Actualvalues are used whenever possible, as supplied by the turbine manufacturer or derived fromwind industry publications and peer -reviewed scientific papers. Where such information is notavailable, assumed values have been used.
The watch area was determined from measurement in a Geographic Information System(GIS) of the parts of the viewshed upwards of 20 m above ground level All other inputparameters are summarised in Table A9.5-1.
All flight lines recorded during VP watches were digitised using a GIS to aid the identificationof core flight areas and analysis of flight distribution. The theoretical collision mortality foreach target species was calculated by entering the VP flight data into the Band model Onlyflight activity recorded at the RSH was used in the model as flights at all other heights wouldnot put the target species at risk of collision. This was determined retrospectively from thetime interval data.
To accommodate the differences in specification and size between the existing and proposedturbines, the CRM was run twice using different input parameters for turbine size andoperational characteristics The model runs are included in Appendix 9.5, which also outlinesthe input parameters, assumed values and any references from which certain inputparameters were obtained.
Table A9.5-1: Wind Farm and Bird Parameters used in the CRM
Parameter Value Source
Wind Turbine MM70 MM82
Rotor diameter 70 82 Manufacturer
Hub height 55 69 Manufacturer
Max. rotor depth 1.9 m 2.2 m Manufacturer
Max. Chord 3.1 m 3.58 m Manufacturer
Pitch (average operational) 17° 17° Assumed
Rotation period (at max. rpm) 3 seconds 3.53seconds
Manufacturer
Turbine operation time 77 5% 77.5% Middle value of range quoted inBWEA (2005)
Peregrine
Length 0.45 m Provan and Whitfield (2007)
Wingspan 1.1 m Provan and Whitfield (2007)
Assumed flight speed 14 ms"' Provan and Whitfield (2007)
No. of days potentially present 365 ier year Assumed
No of hours potentiallypresent
12 per day Assumed
Assumed avoidance rate 95% SNH guidance online
References
Band, W , Madders, M. and Whitfield, D P. Developing field and analytical methods to assessavian collision risk at wind farms. In Birds and Wind Power de Lucas, M., Janss, G.F.E. andFerrer, M. (eds.), 2007. Quercus Press, Spain
British Wind Energy Association (2005) Wind and the UK's 10% Target BWEA BriefingSheet: http.//www.bwea.com/pdf/briefinqs/target-2005-small.pdf
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Scottish Natural Heritage website. Guidance and Information Specific to Bird Interests -Avoidance Factors. http://www.snh.orq.uk/strateqvirenewable/sr-we00a2.asp
Scottish Natural Heritage (2000). Windfarms and Birds. Calculating a theoretical collision riskassuming no avoiding action. SNH Guidance Note Series 2000:http.//www.snh.oniuk/pdfs/strateovirenewable/COLLIS.pdf.
Percival, S.M. (2000)., Birds and wind turbines in Britain. British Wildlife 12(1) BritishWildlife Publishing..
Provan, S.. and Whitfield, D P. (2007).. Avian Flight Speeds and Biometrics for use in CollisionRisk Modelling Natural Research report to Scottish Natural Heritage..
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Data Search Results
Table A9.6-1: Bird Records from Lancashire County CouncilSpecies Conservation Status (see
footnotes)Location/tetrad (ifknown)
BlackbirdTurdus merula
SD83A
Blue titCyanistes caeruleus
SD82E, SD83A
ChaffinchFringilla coelebs
SD82E
ChiffchaffPhylloscopus collybita
SD83A
Coal titPeriparus ater
SD82E, SD83A
Collared doveStreptopelia decaocto
SD83A
CurlewNumenius arquata
UKBAP, Amber SD82E
DipperCinclus cinclus
SD82E
DunnockPruneIla modularis
Amber SD82E
GoldcrestRegulus regulus
Amber SD82E
Great titParus major
SD82E
GreenfinchCarduelis chloris
SD83A
Grey partridgePerdix perdix
UKBAP, Farmland Birds, Red
Grey wagtailMotacilla cinerea
Amber SD82E, SD83A
House martinDelichon urbica
Amber
House sparrowPasser domesticus
UKBAP, Red SD83A
JayGarrulus glandarius
SD83A
KestrelFalco tinnunculus
Amber
LapwingVanellus vanellus
UKBAP, LBAP, Red SD82E
LinnetCarduelis cannabina
UKBAP, Farmland Birds, Red
MagpiePica pica
SD82E
MallardAnas platyrhynchos
Amber SD83A
Meadow pipitAnthus Eatensis
Amber
MerlinFalco columbarius
EC1, SCH1, Amber
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Table A9.6-2: Bird Records from East Lancashire Ornithologists Club
Species ConservationStatus (seefootnotes)
Notes
Peregrine EC1, SCH1 Padiham, 1st August 2009, Family party of3 birds.
Golden plover EC1 Count: 20, Great Hameldon, 16th October2009.
Red kite (Milvusmilvus)
EC1, SCH1 Great Hameldon, 16th October 2009
Hobby (Falcosubbuteo)
SCH1 1 male, Hapton, 4th July 2008
Fieldfare(Turdus pilaris)
SCH1 Hameldon Hill, flock of 120, 18th October2009.
Hameldon Hill, flock of 45. 10th February2008
EC1
SCH1
Annex 1 of the EC Birds Directive
Schedule 1 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended).
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AECOM Volume 3 - Appendices
Appendix 7.7Data Search
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Win
terin
g B
ird S
urve
y R
esul
ts
Win
terin
u B
irds
Rec
orde
d w
ithin
the
Sur
vey
Are
a.S
peci
esC
onse
rvat
ion
stat
us(s
ee fo
otno
tes)
Est
imat
ednu
mbe
rC
omm
ents
Bla
ckbi
rd T
urdu
s m
erul
a2
Sin
gle
bird
s at
Tho
rny
Ban
k C
loug
h an
d at
New
Bar
n.
Bla
ck -
head
ed g
ull L
arus
rid
ibun
dus
Am
ber
10+
For
agin
g flo
cks
near
turb
ines
.
Blu
e tit
Cya
nist
es c
aeru
leus
Min
imum
2P
art o
f mix
ed ti
t flo
ck in
Tho
rny
Ban
k W
ood.
Car
rion
crow
Cor
vus
coro
ne35
+C
omm
on a
nd w
ides
prea
d fly
ing
over
and
fora
ging
on
past
ure.
Cha
ffinc
h F
ringi
lla c
oele
bsM
inim
um 2
Indi
vidu
als
at T
horn
y B
ank
Woo
d an
d N
ew B
arn
Coa
l tit
Pen
paru
s at
erM
ax. c
ount
4P
art o
f mix
ed ti
t flo
ck in
Tho
rny
Ban
k W
ood.
Com
mon
gul
l Lar
us c
anus
Am
ber
21+
For
agin
g flo
cks
near
turb
ines
.
Dun
nock
Pru
nella
mod
ulan
sA
mbe
r2
Cal
ling
at y
oung
pla
ntat
ion
adja
cent
to T
horn
y B
ank
Woo
d.
Fer
al p
igeo
n C
olum
ba U
m20
+O
verf
lyin
g si
te in
floc
ks o
f var
ying
siz
es.
Fie
ldfa
re T
urdu
s pi
lans
SC
H1,
Red
Flo
cks
up to
120
For
agin
g th
roug
hout
on
open
hab
itats
. Flo
cks
also
at
Tho
rny
Ban
k W
ood.
Gol
dcre
st R
egul
us r
egul
us1
Sin
gle
bird
cal
ling
at T
horn
y B
ank
Woo
d.
Gre
at b
lack
-ba
cked
gul
l Lar
us m
arin
asA
mbe
rN
o co
unt
A g
roup
of 4
ove
rfly
ing.
Not
see
n to
be
usin
g th
e si
te a
ndre
cord
ed in
freq
uent
ly.
Gre
at s
potte
d w
oodp
ecke
rD
endr
ocop
os m
ajor
1T
horn
y B
ank
Woo
d.
Gre
at ti
t Par
us m
ajor
No
coun
tS
ingl
e bi
rds
at T
horn
y B
ank
Woo
d.
Gre
y he
ron
Ard
ea c
iner
ea1
Indi
vidu
als
over
flyin
g an
d flu
shed
from
Tow
er B
rook
.
Her
ring
gull
Laru
s ar
gent
atus
UK
BA
P, R
edN
o co
unt
Sin
gle
bird
s ov
erfly
ing.
Hou
se s
parr
ow P
asse
r do
mes
ticus
UK
BA
P, R
ed2
At O
ld B
arn
cotta
ge
Jack
daw
Cor
vus
mon
edul
a2
Ove
rfly
ing
bird
s.
Kes
trel
Fa/
co ti
nnun
culu
sA
mbe
r1
Sin
gle
bird
rec
orde
d hu
ntin
g.
Less
er b
lack
-ba
cked
gul
l Lar
us fu
scus
Am
ber
No
coun
tS
ingl
e bi
rds
and
pairs
ove
rfly
ing.
Long
-tai
led
tit A
egith
alos
cau
datu
sM
ax. c
ount
8P
art o
f mix
ed ti
t flo
ck in
Tho
rny
Ban
k W
ood
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Spe
cies
Con
serv
atio
n st
atus
(see
foot
note
s)E
stim
ated
num
ber
Com
men
ts
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pie
Pic
a pi
caN
o co
unt
Sin
gle
bird
s ov
erfly
ing
and
feed
ing.
Mal
lard
Ana
s pl
atyr
hync
hos
Am
ber
Max
imum
17
Fee
ding
with
in s
ite a
nd o
verf
lyin
g. M
ax. c
ount
of f
eedi
ngbi
rds
on im
prov
ed p
astu
re n
orth
east
of Q
uarr
yfie
ld F
arm
.M
eado
w p
ipit
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hus
prat
ensi
sA
mbe
rG
roup
of 1
7, p
lus
indi
vidu
als.
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espr
ead.
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imum
17
in fo
ragi
ng g
roup
. Add
ition
al in
divi
dual
s,in
clud
ing
terr
itoria
l mal
es fr
eque
nt o
ver
rush
pas
ture
inso
uthe
rn h
alf o
f site
.M
istle
thru
sh T
urdu
s vi
sciv
orus
Am
ber
Min
imum
3In
divi
dual
s ca
lling
and
sin
ging
on
Hap
ton
Par
k an
d at
Tho
rny
Ban
k W
ood.
Per
egrin
e F
alco
per
egnn
usE
C1,
SC
H1
1R
ecor
ds o
f a s
ingl
e bi
rd o
verf
lyin
g th
e S
urve
y A
rea.
Pie
d w
agta
il M
otac
illa
alba
No
coun
tIn
divi
dual
s ov
erfly
ing
and
feed
ing.
Rav
en C
orvu
s co
rax
1 pa
irS
een
in d
ispl
ay fl
ight
ove
r H
apto
n P
ark.
Red
win
g T
urdu
s ili
acus
SC
H1,
Red
10+
Tho
rny
Ban
k W
ood.
Ree
d bu
ntin
g E
mbe
riza
scho
enic
lus
UK
BA
P, L
BA
P:
Far
mla
nd B
irds,
Am
ber
Min
imum
3m
ales
In r
ush
past
ure
and
on im
prov
ed p
astu
re in
the
east
and
nort
h of
the
Sur
vey
Are
a. C
lose
to w
et h
abita
ts a
ndru
nnin
g w
ater
.R
obin
Erit
hacu
s ru
becu
la1
Tho
rny
Ban
k W
ood.
Roo
k C
orvu
s fr
ugile
gus
Max
. cou
nt 4
6C
omm
on a
nd w
ides
prea
d fly
ing
over
and
fora
ging
on
past
ure.
Mix
ed fe
edin
g flo
cks
with
car
rion
crow
.
Sis
kin
Car
duel
is s
pinu
s1
Sin
gle
mal
e fe
edin
g in
gar
dens
at N
ew B
arn.
Sky
lark
Ala
uda
arve
nsis
UK
BA
P, L
BA
P,
Far
mla
nd B
irds,
Red
Max
cou
ntap
prox
20.
Wid
espr
ead.
Win
ter
feed
ing
flock
of a
ppro
x. 2
0. U
p to
10
indi
vidu
alm
ales
in s
ongf
light
sta
rtin
g to
hol
d te
rrito
ries
by e
nd o
fse
ason
, mos
tly in
rus
h pa
stur
e on
sou
ther
n ha
lf of
Sur
vey
Are
a.
Sni
pe G
allin
ago
galli
nago
Am
ber
Min
imum
3F
lush
ed fr
om r
ush
past
ure
on u
pper
slo
pes
in s
outh
ern
half
of S
urve
y A
rea.
Als
o fr
om p
astu
re c
lose
to e
xist
ing
turb
ines
.
Son
g th
rush
Tur
dus
philo
mel
osU
KB
AP
, LB
AP
, Red
1S
ingl
e m
ale
sing
ing
at T
horn
y B
ank
Woo
d.
Spa
rrow
haw
k A
ccip
iter
nisu
s1
Obs
erve
d on
ce o
nly.
Pro
babl
e vi
sito
r to
site
from
wid
erar
ea.
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Spe
cies
Con
serv
atio
n st
atus
(see
foot
note
s)E
stim
ated
num
ber
Com
men
ts
Sta
rling
Stu
rnus
vul
gans
UK
BA
P, R
edF
lock
s up
to 1
20F
requ
ently
pre
sent
fora
ging
on
past
ure
thro
ugho
ut th
e si
tean
d ov
erfly
ing.
Ofte
n in
mix
ed fl
ocks
with
fiel
dfar
e.
Sto
ck d
ove
Col
umba
oen
asA
mbe
rN
o co
unt
Indi
vidu
als
and
smal
l gro
ups
over
flyin
g.
Tre
ecre
eper
Cer
thia
fam
iliar
's1
Sin
gle
bird
cal
ling
at T
horn
y B
ank
Woo
d.
Woo
dpig
eon
Col
umbo
pal
umbu
sG
roup
s up
to 6
.T
otal
num
ber
unkn
own.
Indi
vidu
als
and
smal
l gro
ups
over
flyin
g.
Wre
n T
rogl
odyt
es tr
oglo
dyte
s2-
3In
divi
dual
s si
ngin
g an
d ca
lling
clo
se to
Tho
rny
Ban
k W
ood
and
on H
apto
n P
ark.
EC
1
SC
H1
UK
BA
P
LBA
P
Far
mla
nd B
irds
Red
Am
ber
Ann
ex 1
of t
he E
C B
irds
Dire
ctiv
e.
Sch
edul
e 1
of th
e W
ildlif
e an
d C
ount
rysi
de A
ct 1
981
(as
amen
ded)
.
UK
BA
P P
riorit
y S
peci
es.
Lanc
ashi
re B
AP
Prio
rity
Spe
cies
.
A ta
rget
spe
cies
list
ed o
n th
e LB
AP
for
farm
land
bird
s.
BoC
C R
ed L
ist.
BoC
C A
mbe
r Li
st.
PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor
Spe
cies
Con
serv
atio
nst
atus
(se
efo
otno
tes)
Est
imat
ed n
o br
eedi
ngpa
irs w
ithin
500
m o
fro
ose
d tu
rbin
es0
Com
men
ts
Hou
se m
artin
Del
icho
n ur
bica
Am
ber
Indi
vidu
als,
pai
rs a
nd s
mal
l gro
ups
reco
rded
feed
ing
acro
ss th
e si
te. P
roba
bly
nest
ing
in n
earb
y fa
rm b
uild
ings
.K
estr
el F
alco
tinn
uncu
lus
Am
ber
1R
ecor
ded
calli
ng fr
om T
horn
y B
ank
Woo
d an
d re
turn
ing
repe
ated
ly to
a p
ossi
ble
nest
site
ther
e.Le
sser
bla
ck -
back
ed g
ull L
arus
fusc
usA
mbe
r0
(NB
)2
flew
acr
oss
the
site
.
Less
er r
edpo
ll C
ardu
elis
flam
mea
UK
BA
P, R
ed0
(NB
)In
divi
dual
s re
cord
ed fl
ying
acr
oss
site
.
Linn
et C
ardu
elis
can
nabi
naU
KB
AP
, Far
mla
ndB
irds,
Red
0 (N
B)
Indi
vidu
als
and
pairs
rec
orde
d fly
ing
acro
ss th
e si
te.
Pro
babl
e fe
edin
g vi
sits
mad
e to
the
site
by
this
spe
cies
.N
o ev
iden
ce o
f bre
edin
g.
Mag
pie
Pic
a pi
ca1
A s
ingl
e pa
ir to
the
wes
t of T
horn
y ba
nk W
ood,
rec
orde
ddu
ring
the
VP
sur
veys
.M
alla
rd A
nas
plat
yrhy
ncho
sA
mbe
r0
(NB
)M
ale/
fem
ale
pairs
feed
ing
on w
ette
r gr
ound
to th
e no
rth
and
nort
h-w
est a
nd o
ccas
iona
l flig
hts
acro
ss th
e si
te. N
obr
eedi
ng a
ctiv
ity r
ecor
ded
with
in th
e si
te.
Mea
dow
pip
it A
nthu
s pr
aten
sis
Am
ber
11W
ides
prea
d in
ope
n, p
artic
ular
ly u
nim
prov
ed, g
rass
land
s.M
istle
thru
sh T
urdu
s ph
ilom
elos
Am
ber
01
sing
ing
mal
e at
Old
Bar
n. O
ccas
iona
l flig
hts
acro
ss th
esu
rvey
are
a.
Per
egrin
e F
alco
per
egrin
usE
C1,
SC
H1
0
Phe
asan
t Pha
sian
us c
olch
icus
1M
ostly
a w
oodl
and/
woo
dlan
d ed
ge s
peci
es.
Pie
d w
agta
il M
otac
illa
alba
1R
ecor
ded
clos
e to
the
New
Bar
n dw
ellin
g. O
ther
indi
vidu
als
and
pairs
sca
ttere
d m
ore
wid
ely
acro
ss s
ite.
Ree
d bu
ntin
g E
mbe
riza
scho
enic
lus
UK
BA
P, L
BA
P,
Far
mla
nd B
irds,
Am
ber
2B
reed
ing
reco
rded
clo
se to
sm
all c
loug
hs a
nd tr
ibut
arie
s.O
ther
indi
vidu
als
scat
tere
d m
ore
wid
ely
acro
ss s
ite.
Rob
in E
ritha
cus
rube
cula
2R
ecor
ded
mos
tly in
woo
dlan
d an
d sc
rub.
Sky
lark
Ala
uda
arve
nsis
UK
BA
P, L
BA
P,
Far
mla
nd B
irds,
Red
5W
ides
prea
d in
ope
n, p
artic
ular
ly u
nim
prov
ed, g
rass
land
s.
PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor
Spe
cies
Con
serv
atio
nst
atus
(se
efo
otno
tes)
Est
imat
ed n
o. b
reed
ing
pairs
with
in 6
00m
of
prop
osed
turb
ines
Com
men
ts
Sni
pe G
ailin
ago
galli
nago
Am
ber
0A
sin
gle
snip
e w
as r
ecor
ded
in th
e ru
shes
just
to th
e ea
stof
Low
er P
ark/
Hap
ton
Par
k.
Son
g th
rush
Tur
dus
vasc
ivor
usU
KB
AP
, LB
AP
,R
ed1
Rec
ords
from
Tho
rny
Ban
k W
ood
only
.
Spa
rrow
haw
k A
ccip
iter
nisu
s0
(NB
)O
ccas
iona
l flig
hts
acro
ss th
e su
rvey
are
a re
cord
ed d
urin
gV
P s
urve
ys.
Sta
rling
Stu
rnus
vul
gar/
sU
KB
AP
, Red
0 (N
B)
Fee
ding
and
flyi
ng a
cros
s si
te.
Sto
ck d
ove
Col
umba
oen
asA
mbe
r0
Sin
ging
mal
e re
cord
ed a
t New
Bar
n.
Sw
allo
w H
irund
o ru
stic
aA
mbe
r0
Pai
rs a
nd s
mal
l gro
ups
feed
ing
acro
ss s
ite. P
roba
bly
nest
ing
in s
urro
undi
ng fa
rm b
uild
ings
.
Sw
ift A
pus
apus
Am
ber
0In
divi
dual
s an
d sm
all f
eedi
ng g
roup
s pr
esen
t acr
oss
the
site
. Pro
babl
y ne
stin
g in
nea
rby
farm
bui
ldin
gs.
Whe
atea
r O
enan
the
oena
nthe
Am
ber
01-
2 pa
irs b
reed
ing
on th
e lo
wer
eas
tern
slo
pes
ofH
amel
don
Com
mon
.
Whi
teth
roat
Syl
ivia
com
mum
sA
mbe
r1
Sin
ging
mal
e re
cord
ed in
you
ng p
lant
atio
n ad
jace
nt to
Tho
rny
Ban
k W
ood.
Will
ow w
arbl
er P
hyllo
scop
ustr
ochi
lus
Am
ber
4T
horn
y B
ank
Woo
d an
d is
olat
ed s
crub
/tree
s on
the
acid
gras
slan
ds o
f Low
er P
ark.
Woo
d pi
geon
Col
umba
pal
umbu
s1
Wid
espr
ead.
Indi
vidu
als
reco
rded
in T
horn
y B
ank
Woo
dan
d fly
ing
acro
ss s
ite.
Wre
n T
rogl
odyt
es tr
oglo
dyte
)2
Wid
espr
ead.
UK
BA
P
LBA
P
Far
mla
nd B
irds
Red
Am
ber
NB
UK
BA
P P
riorit
y S
peci
es.
Lanc
ashi
re B
AP
Prio
rity
Spe
cies
.
A ta
rget
spe
cies
list
ed o
n th
e LB
AP
for
farm
land
bird
s.
BoC
C R
ed L
ist.
BoC
C A
mbe
r Li
st.
Not
rec
orde
d br
eedi
ng w
ithin
any
par
t of t
he s
urve
y ar
ea. F
lyin
g ov
er o
r fe
edin
g on
ly.
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AECOM Volume 3 - Appendices
Appendix 7.9Nature Conservation Evaluation
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Nat
ure
Con
serv
atio
n E
valu
atio
n of
the
Bird
Ass
embl
ages
Nat
ure
Con
serv
atio
n E
valu
atio
nS
peci
esC
onse
rvat
ion
stat
usE
stim
ated
num
ber
Nat
ure
Con
serv
atio
nV
alue
Com
men
tsW
inte
r(in
divi
dual
s)B
reed
ing
(pai
rs)*
Pro
port
ion
ofpo
pula
tion*
Bla
ckbi
rd T
urdu
sm
erul
a2
10.
8%N
eglig
ible
Bla
ckca
p S
ylvi
aat
ricap
illa
02
2.6%
Neg
ligib
le
Bla
ck -
head
ed g
ull L
arus
ridib
undu
sA
mbe
r10
+0
0.02
%N
eglig
ible
Reg
ular
use
of t
he s
urve
y ar
ea in
win
ter,
but a
bsen
t dur
ing
bree
ding
sea
son.
Blu
e tit
Cya
nist
esca
erul
eaM
inim
um 2
13.
6%N
eglig
ible
Reg
iona
l dat
a fr
om a
lim
ited
num
ber
ofsi
tes
are
likel
y to
und
er -
repr
esen
t tru
epo
pula
tion.
Car
rion
crow
Cor
vus
coro
ne35
+1
11%
reg
iona
lN
eglig
ible
Reg
iona
l dat
a fr
om a
lim
ited
num
ber
ofsi
tes
are
likel
y to
und
er -
repr
esen
t tru
epo
pula
tion.
Cha
ffinc
h F
ringi
llaco
eleb
sM
inim
um 2
32.
2%N
eglig
ible
Coa
l tit
Per
ipar
us a
ter
Max
. Cou
nt 4
12.
2%N
eglig
ible
Com
mon
gul
l Lar
usca
n us
Am
ber
21+
00.
1%Lo
w
Cur
lew
Num
eniu
sar
quat
aU
KB
AP
,A
mbe
r0
01%
Low
The
re is
evi
denc
e th
at th
is s
peci
es u
ses
the
site
occ
asio
nally
, par
ticul
arly
in th
epo
st -
bree
ding
sea
son.
Ass
essm
ent b
ased
on c
ount
s of
up
to 1
6 fe
edin
g in
sur
vey
area
.
Dun
nock
Pru
neIla
mod
ulan
sA
mbe
r2
05.
9%Lo
wN
o re
cord
ed u
se o
f the
sur
vey
area
for
bree
ding
and
the
regi
onal
cou
nt (
34)
islik
ely
to b
e a
sign
ifica
nt u
nder
estim
ate.
Fer
al p
igeo
n C
olum
baliv
ia20
+0
25%
Neg
ligib
leR
egio
nal c
ount
of 1
0 is
like
ly to
be
asi
gnifi
cant
und
eres
timat
e du
e to
lim
ited
num
ber
of c
ount
site
s.
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Spe
cies
Con
serv
atio
nst
atus
Est
imat
ed n
umbe
rN
atur
eC
onse
rvat
ion
Val
ue
Com
men
tsW
inte
r(in
divi
dual
s)B
reed
ing
(pai
rs)*
Pro
port
ion
ofpo
pula
tion*
Fie
ldfa
re T
urdu
s pi
lan
sS
CH
1, R
edF
lock
s up
to12
01%
regi
onal
<0.
1% n
atio
nal
Med
ium
Abs
ent i
n su
mm
er b
ut p
rese
nce
in w
inte
ris
ass
umed
to b
e re
gula
r an
d in
sig
nific
ant
num
bers
.G
oldc
rest
Reg
ulus
regu
lus
01%
Neg
ligib
le
Gol
dfin
ch C
ardu
elis
card
uelis
01
0.3%
Neg
ligib
le
Gra
ssho
pper
war
bler
Locu
stel
la n
em/e
aU
KB
AP
, Red
01
3%M
ediu
mA
ssum
ed to
be
a re
gula
r pa
rt o
f the
bree
ding
ass
embl
age.
Gre
at b
lack
-ba
cked
gul
lLa
rus
man
nus
Am
ber
No
coun
t0
<0.
5%N
eglig
ible
Indi
vidu
als
occa
sion
ally
flyi
ng o
ver
surv
eyar
ea. I
nsig
nific
ant n
umbe
rs.
Gre
at s
potte
dw
oodp
ecke
rD
endr
ocop
os m
ajor
11
1.9%
Neg
ligib
le
Gre
at ti
t Par
us m
ajor
No
coun
t1
6%N
eglig
ible
Pre
sent
exc
lusi
vely
in T
horn
y B
ank
Woo
d.R
egio
nal c
ount
like
ly to
und
eres
timat
epo
pula
tion
due
to li
mite
d nu
mbe
r of
cou
ntsi
tes.
Gre
y he
ron
Ard
eac/
nere
a1
0 (N
B)
0.4%
Neg
ligib
leIn
divi
dual
s fly
ing
over
sur
vey
area
and
occa
sion
ally
feed
ing
on T
ower
Bro
okpo
nd. Y
ear-
roun
d.
Her
ring
gull
Laru
sar
gent
atus
UK
BA
P, R
edN
o co
unt
0 (N
B)
<0.
5%Lo
wIn
divi
dual
s oc
casi
onal
ly fl
ying
ove
r su
rvey
area
. Ins
igni
fican
t aga
inst
reg
iona
l cou
ntof
206
8.
Hou
se m
artin
Del
icho
nur
bica
Am
ber
00
N/A
Low
Reg
ular
ly fe
edin
g w
ithin
sur
vey
area
.N
umbe
rs a
re li
kely
to b
e in
sign
ifica
ntag
ains
t reg
iona
l cou
nt o
f 691
.H
ouse
spa
rrow
Pas
ser
dom
estic
usU
KB
AP
, Red
20
3%Lo
wN
o ev
iden
ce o
f bre
edin
g. A
ssum
edoc
casi
onal
/irre
gula
r us
e of
sur
vey
area
.Ja
ckda
w C
orvu
sm
oned
ula
20
0.2%
Neg
ligib
le
Kes
trel
Fal
coA
mbe
r1
11.
5%Lo
wP
rese
nt y
ear-
roun
d fe
edin
g an
d br
eedi
ng
PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor
Spe
cies
Con
serv
atio
nst
atus
Est
imat
ed n
umbe
rN
atur
eC
onse
rvat
ion
Val
ue
Com
men
tsW
inte
r(in
divi
dual
s)B
reed
ing
(pai
rs)*
Pro
port
ion
ofpo
pula
tion*
tinnu
ncul
usw
ithin
the
surv
ey a
rea.
Less
er b
lack
-ba
cked
gull
Laru
s fu
scus
Am
ber
No
coun
t0
(NB
)<
0.5%
Neg
ligib
leIn
divi
dual
s fly
ing
over
sur
vey
area
. Sm
all
num
bers
rec
orde
d re
pres
ent a
tiny
prop
ortio
n of
the
regi
onal
cou
nt o
f 12,
442.
Less
er r
edpo
ll C
ardu
elis
flam
mea
UK
BA
P, R
ed0
0 (N
B)
<0.
5%Lo
wS
ingl
e bi
rd r
ecor
ded
flyin
g ov
er s
ite. N
oev
iden
ce o
f bre
edin
g or
reg
ular
pre
senc
e.
Linn
et C
ardu
elis
cann
abin
a
UK
BA
P,
Far
mla
ndB
irds,
Red
00
(NB
)0.
2% (
base
don
2in
divi
dual
s)Lo
w
Rec
orde
d fe
edin
g an
d fly
ing
over
site
, but
no e
vide
nce
of b
reed
ing
or r
egul
arpr
esen
ce in
sig
nific
ant n
umbe
rs. N
o m
ore
than
2 r
ecor
ded
in s
urve
y ar
ea. S
mal
lfa
mily
(ap
prox
. 5)
reco
rded
clo
se to
sur
vey
area
dur
ing
VP
sur
veys
.Lo
ng-t
aile
d tit
Aeg
ithal
os c
auda
tus
Max
. cou
nt 8
01.
6%N
eglig
ible
Mag
pie
Pic
a pi
caN
o co
unt
11.
5%N
eglig
ible
Mal
lard
Ana
spl
atyr
hync
hos
Am
ber
Max
imum
17
0 (N
B)
0.4%
Neg
ligib
leN
o ev
iden
ce o
f bre
edin
g an
d re
cord
ed u
seof
site
is fo
r fe
edin
g on
ly.
Mea
dow
pip
it A
nthu
spr
aten
sis
Am
ber
Gro
up o
f at
leas
t 17,
plu
sin
divi
dual
s.W
ides
prea
d.
1.3%
Low
Mis
tle th
rush
Tur
dus
philo
mel
osA
mbe
rM
inim
um 3
01.
3%Lo
wS
mal
l pop
ulat
ion.
Incl
udes
indi
vidu
als
pote
ntia
lly b
reed
ing
with
in th
e w
ider
surv
ey a
rea.
Per
egrin
e F
alco
pere
grin
usE
C1,
SC
H1
1-2
13%
reg
iona
l<
0.1%
nat
iona
lH
igh
Reg
ular
use
of t
errit
ory
by a
bre
edin
g pa
ir.
Phe
asan
t Pha
sian
usco
lchi
cus
01
14.3
%N
eglig
ible
Reg
iona
l cou
nt s
ever
ely
unde
rest
imat
esnu
mbe
rs d
ue to
lim
ited
num
ber
of c
ount
site
s.P
ied
wag
tail
Mot
acill
aal
baN
o co
unt
10.
3%N
eglig
ible
Rav
en C
orvu
s co
rax
20
1.1%
Low
Occ
asio
nal f
lyov
er v
isito
rs to
sur
vey
area
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ue
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men
tsW
inte
r(in
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dual
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reed
ing
(pai
rs)*
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port
ion
ofpo
pula
tion*
but f
airly
unc
omm
on in
the
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nine
regi
on.
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win
g T
urdu
s ili
acus
SC
H1,
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10+
0<
0.5%
reg
iona
l<
0.1%
nat
iona
lM
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mR
egul
ar w
inte
ring
use
of th
e su
rvey
are
ais
ass
umed
.
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d bu
ntin
g E
mbe
riza
scho
enic
lus
UK
BA
P,
LBA
P,
Far
mla
ndB
irds,
Am
ber
Min
imum
3m
ales
21%
Med
ium
Rob
in E
ritha
cus
rube
cula
12
3.4%
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ligib
le
Roo
k C
orvu
s fr
ugile
gus
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. cou
nt46
024
.1%
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ligib
leR
egio
nal c
ount
sev
erel
y un
dere
stim
ates
num
bers
due
to li
mite
d nu
mbe
r of
cou
ntsi
tes.
Sis
kin
Car
duel
is s
pinu
s1
00.
3%N
eglig
ible
Sky
lark
Ala
uda
arve
nsis
UK
BA
P.
LB W
_F
arm
land
Bird
s, R
ed
Max
cou
ntap
prox
20.
Wid
espr
ead.
55.
2% (
base
don
bre
edin
gpo
pula
tion)
Med
ium
Sni
pe G
allin
ago
gaffi
nago
Am
ber
Min
imum
30
0.5%
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evid
ence
of b
reed
ing
with
in th
e su
rvey
area
.S
ong
thru
sh T
urdu
svi
sciv
orus
UK
BA
P,
LBA
P, R
ed1
12.
2%Lo
wS
mal
l res
iden
t bre
edin
g po
pula
tion.
Spa
rrow
haw
k A
ccip
iter
nisu
s1
0 (N
B)
0.9%
Neg
ligib
leO
ccas
iona
lly h
unts
acr
oss
site
. Pre
sent
year
-rou
nd.
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rling
Sha
mus
vulg
ar/
UK
BA
P, R
edF
lock
s up
to12
00
(NB
)0.
8%M
ediu
mP
rese
nt a
ll ye
ar-r
ound
as
a fe
edin
g vi
sito
rto
the
site
. No
evid
ence
of b
reed
ing.
Sto
ck d
ove
Col
umba
oena
sA
mbe
r2
0N
/AN
eglig
ible
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allo
w H
irund
o ru
stic
aA
mbe
r0
00.
4%Lo
wR
egul
arly
use
s si
te fo
r fe
edin
g in
sm
all
num
bers
. No
mor
e th
an 1
0 co
unte
d at
any
one
time.
Sw
ift A
pus
apus
Am
ber
00
N/A
Low
Reg
ular
ly u
ses
site
for
feed
ing
in s
mal
l
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serv
atio
nst
atus
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imat
ed n
umbe
rN
atur
eC
onse
rvat
ion
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ue
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men
tsW
inte
r(in
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dual
s)B
reed
ing
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rs)*
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port
ion
ofpo
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tion"
num
bers
.
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ecre
eper
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thia
fam
iliar
's1
02.
9%N
eglig
ible
Whe
atea
r O
enan
the
oena
nthe
Am
ber
00
0%Lo
w1-
2 br
eedi
ng p
airs
are
loca
ted
beyo
nd th
ew
este
rn p
erip
hery
of t
he s
urve
y ar
ea.
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teth
roat
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via
com
mun
isA
mbe
r0
14.
4%Lo
w
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ow w
arbl
erP
hyllo
scop
us tr
ochi
lus
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ber
04
1.6%
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d pi
geon
Col
umba
palu
mbu
s
Gro
ups
up to
6. T
otal
num
ber
unkn
own.
10.
9%N
eglig
ible
Wre
n T
rogl
odyt
estr
oglo
dyte
s2-
32
16%
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ligib
le.
Reg
iona
l cou
nt s
ever
ely
unde
rest
imat
esnu
mbe
rs d
ue to
lim
ited
num
ber
of c
ount
site
s.
* W
ithin
500
m o
f tur
bine
s
Bas
ed o
n la
rges
t cou
nt fr
om s
urve
ys. U
nles
s st
ated
oth
erw
ise,
reg
iona
l sig
nific
ance
of n
umbe
rs c
ompa
red
agai
nst c
ount
sfo
r E
ast L
anca
shire
publ
ishe
d by
ELO
C fo
r 20
09 (
httn
://w
ww
.eas
tlanc
sorn
ithol
odis
ts.o
rd.u
k/R
ep-t
otal
bvS
ite.a
spx)
. Nat
iona
l sig
nific
ance
anal
ysed
aga
inst
num
bers
publ
ishe
d in
Rob
inso
n (2
005)
.
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AECOM Volume 3 - Appendices
Appendix 8.1Significance Criteria
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I
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Impact significance criteriaImpactSignificance Criteria
Very Large
Within cultural heritage it is highly unlikely this category will be assigned to abeneficial effect Cultural heritage features assigned this level of impactsignificance will represent key factors in the decision making processAdverse - Assets of international or national importance which are partiallydamaged, or assets of national or regional value which are almost whollydamaged or destroyed, leading to an almost complete loss of integrity orinformation Mitigation measures will have had minimal effect in reducing thesignificance of impactBeneficial - These effects will virtually restore an asset or its setting and re-establish its significance. Previous negative impacts will be reversed. Effectswill significantly contribute to international, national, regional and local policiesfor the enhancement and promotion of heritage.
Large
These effects are considered to be very important in the decision makingprocess.. These effects are important at a national level and to statutorybodies..Adverse - these effects will damage cultural heritage assets, their setting orcontext, so that their integrity or understanding is destroyed or is severelycompromised, such that the resource can no longer be appreciated orunderstood. Effects will seriously conflict with national, regional and localpolicies. Mitigation measures may not deal appropriately with all aspects ofthe impact.Beneficial - these effects will halt rapid degradation or erosion of assets ofnational or regional importance, or result in significant restoration of settingand reestablishment of significance to heritage assets.. Effects will significantlycontribute to national, regional and local policies for the enhancement andpromotion of heritage.
Moderate
These effects are likely to be important to considerations, but not key factors,in the decision making process, unless cumulative effects combine to raisethe overall significance These impacts are likely to be important at a regionallevel and to statutory bodiesAdverse - these effects will damage cultural heritage assets, or their setting,so that their integrity or understanding is compromised but not destroyed.Effects will be at odds with local and regional policies for heritage. Adequatemitigation measures can be specified..Beneficial - these effects are likely to result in the halting of degradation orerosion of heritage assets or result in the restoration of characteristic featuresor setting so that understanding and appreciation is improved. Effects willpositively contribute to local and regional heritage policies.
Slight
These effects are unlikely to be critical factors in the decision making process,but are likely to be important factors in the design of a project. These effectsare important at a local level.. There may be some contribution to, or variancewith local heritage policies.Adverse - the proposals will damage cultural heritage assets, or their setting,so that their integrity or understanding is diminished but not compromised.Adequate mitigation measures can be specified.Beneficial - the proposals will stabilise cultural heritage assets or enhancetheir setting, so that their integrity is maintained or understanding is improved.
NeutralNo effects upon cultural heritage or the effects are negligible. There is noconflict with, or contribution to, policies for protection of heritage resources.
1
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AECOM Volume 3 - Appendices
Appendix 8.2Site Descriptions
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Kno
wn
Arc
haeo
lo
Ref
eren
ceG
rid R
efer
ence
Per
iod
Des
crip
tion
No
onF
igs.
8.1
&8.
2
SD
82
NW
3P
RN
261
-M
LA26
1
SD
808
1 29
83M
edie
val
Site
of H
apto
n T
ower
. Tow
er b
uilt
by 1
510
by S
ir Jo
hn T
ownl
ey. R
efer
ence
s to
a to
wer
befo
re 1
500
prob
ably
ref
er to
Hap
ton
Cas
tle, w
hich
fell
out o
f use
onc
e th
e to
wer
was
built
. The
tow
er w
as d
escr
ibed
as
bein
g de
relic
t in
1725
and
sta
ndin
g on
ly 6
yar
ds h
igh.
Itre
port
edly
had
two
entr
ance
s an
d th
ree
cylin
dric
al to
wer
s al
ong
one
wal
l. T
here
are
repo
rts
of o
utbu
ildin
gs s
urro
undi
ng th
e to
wer
.
1
SD
73
SE
29
SD
788
310
Pos
t -M
edie
val
A 1
7th
cent
ury
farm
hou
se.
2
SD
83
SW
58,
MLA
7617
PR
N76
19-
4148
33
SD
821
302
Pos
t -M
edie
val
Low
er M
ickl
ehur
st F
arm
hous
e. P
ossi
bly
a su
rviv
ing
win
g of
an
orig
inal
ly la
rger
hou
se,
prob
ably
late
16t
h ce
ntur
y, c
onst
ruct
ed fr
om w
hite
was
hed
rend
er o
n sa
ndst
one
with
quoi
ns a
nd a
sto
ne s
late
roo
f. Li
sted
Bui
ldin
g G
rade
II.
3
SD
83
SW
61,
PR
N76
06-
MLA
7604
SD
801
309
Pos
t -M
edie
val
Old
Bar
n fa
rmho
use,
a 1
9th
cent
ury
farm
hou
se. O
ld b
arn
show
n on
15'
edi
tion
OS
map
of
the
area
. Thi
s ha
s po
ssib
ly b
een
inco
rpor
ated
into
a la
ter
build
ing.
4
SD
83
SW
29,
PR
N76
07-
MLA
7605
4148
42
SD
810
303
Pos
t -M
edie
val
Bar
n an
d fo
rmer
farm
hous
e c.
50m
eas
t of N
ew B
arn
Far
mho
use.
Bui
lt c.
170
0 w
ithat
tach
ed b
arn.
The
hou
se is
now
use
d as
a s
tore
and
is c
onst
ruct
ed fr
om c
ours
edsa
ndst
one
rubb
le w
ith s
ome
quoi
ns a
nd a
sla
te r
oof.
List
ed B
uild
ing
Gra
de II
.5
SD
72
NE
11,
PR
N19
45 -
MLA
1945
SD
794
5 28
90 (
Are
a)M
esol
ithic
Mes
olith
ic fl
ints
foun
d in
clud
ing
blad
es, f
lake
s an
d m
icro
liths
from
the
top
of G
reat
Ham
eldo
n.6
3497
5S
D 8
2 N
W 1
0P
RN
1970
-M
LA19
70
SD
809
2 28
39 (
Are
a)M
oder
n
Sta
rfis
h B
ombi
ng D
ecoy
SF
35E
bui
lt Ja
nuar
y 19
41. A
Sec
ond
Wor
ld W
ar d
ecoy
site
loca
ted
on th
e so
uth
-fac
ing
slop
e of
Ham
eldo
n H
ill.
It w
as o
ne o
f fiv
e bo
mbi
ng d
ecoy
slo
cate
d ar
ound
Acc
ringt
on. T
he s
ite w
as b
uilt
to d
raw
aw
ay e
nem
y bo
mbs
by
crea
ting
the
illus
ion
of s
ettle
men
t act
ivity
. Thi
s w
as d
one
by r
ecta
ngul
ar a
nd s
ub -
rect
angu
lar
fireb
reak
sw
ithin
whi
ch th
e fir
es w
ere
lit a
nd c
ontr
olle
d. In
194
1 th
e si
te h
ad s
imul
ated
urb
an li
ghtin
gad
ded
to e
nhan
ce it
s ef
ficie
ncy.
Sch
edul
ed M
onum
ent.
7
SD
72
NE
22
SD
796
279
Mod
ern
Sta
rfis
h B
ombi
ng D
ecoy
SF
35E
bui
lt A
pril
1941
. A S
econ
d W
orld
War
dec
oy s
ite a
t8
1
PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor
Ref
eren
ceG
rid R
efer
ence
Per
iod
Des
crip
tion
No
onF
igs
8.1
&82
Acc
ringt
on.
SD
83
SW
68
1451
907,
PR
N15
383-
MLA
1534
6
SD
810
50 3
1391
Pos
t -M
edie
val
Hap
ton
Val
ley
Col
liery
. Sun
k in
185
3, H
apto
n V
alle
y st
ill r
etai
ns a
num
ber
of s
igni
fican
tfe
atur
es in
clud
ing
an e
ngin
e ho
use,
fan
hous
e an
d pi
thea
d ba
ths.
The
pit
clos
ed in
196
4.9
PR
N31
119-
MLA
2790
0S
D 7
8964
288
79P
ost -
Med
ieva
lA
band
oned
and
rui
ned
rem
ains
of a
farm
stea
d na
med
as
Ham
eldo
n H
all o
n th
e 1s
t edi
tion
OS
map
.10
PR
N26
237-
MLA
2617
3S
D 8
0731
300
38U
nkno
wn
Ear
thw
ork
rem
ains
of a
pos
sibl
e bu
ildin
g pl
atfo
rm. E
vide
nce
of m
ason
ry a
nd o
ther
bui
ldin
gm
ater
ials
.11
PR
N19
68 -
MLA
1968
SD
798
4 28
00U
nkno
wn
Wes
t Hap
ton
Par
k a
phot
ogra
ph s
how
ing
a cr
opm
ark
of a
pat
tern
of d
rain
age
chan
nels
.12
PR
N19
69 -
MLA
1969
SD
803
80 2
8470
Unk
now
nT
wo
poss
ible
circ
ular
enc
losu
res
seen
on
aeria
l pho
togr
aphs
of H
amel
don
Hill
, Hap
ton.
13
NU
MB
ER
NO
T U
SE
D14
PR
N19
80 -
MLN
1980
,P
RN
1626
2-M
LA16
225
SD
796
20 2
9230
Neo
lithi
c or
Pos
t-M
edie
val/M
oder
n
A p
ossi
ble
Neo
lithi
c lo
ng b
arro
w. H
owev
er, e
vide
nce
sugg
ests
that
this
mon
umen
t cou
ldal
so b
e of
a m
ore
rece
nt d
ate,
pos
sibl
y as
soci
ated
with
qua
rryi
ng a
nd h
as b
een
mar
ked
on m
appi
ng a
s be
ing
a po
nd. T
he m
ound
has
a d
epre
ssio
n w
hich
sug
gest
s a
colla
psed
inte
rnal
pas
sage
.
15
PR
N19
81 -
MLA
1981
SD
795
00 3
0040
Unk
now
nC
ropm
ark
of u
nkno
wn
date
at H
apto
n R
ifle
Ran
ge.
16
PR
N 1
982
-M
LA19
82S
D 8
0430
292
70U
nkno
wn
D -
shap
ed e
nclo
sure
of u
nkno
wn
date
on
Low
er P
ark,
Hap
ton.
Aer
ial p
hoto
grap
hs s
how
the
area
of H
apto
n T
ower
, alth
ough
this
is r
eally
not
vis
ible
, as
wel
l as
the
appa
rent
sm
all
D -
shap
ed e
nclo
sure
.17
PR
N 1
984
-M
LA19
84S
D 8
2080
294
60U
nkno
wn
Aer
ial p
hoto
grap
h sh
ows
vario
us li
near
feat
ures
in th
e fo
rm o
f ban
ks a
nd d
itche
s, r
unni
ngac
ross
the
moo
rs, p
resu
mab
ly a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith e
ither
fiel
d bo
unda
ries,
trac
kway
s or
drai
nage
.
18
PR
N24
65 -
MLA
2465
SD
794
50 2
8900
Unk
now
nG
reat
Ham
eldo
n E
xtra
ctiv
e P
it. A
eria
l pho
togr
aphs
sho
w c
ircul
ar fe
atur
es o
n th
e hi
llsu
mm
it, p
ossi
bly
extr
actio
n pi
ts.
19 2
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Ref
eren
ceG
rid R
efer
ence
Per
iod
Des
crip
tion
No.
on
Fig
s8.
1 &
82P
RN
3498
-
MLA
3498
,P
RN
2623
0-M
LA26
166
SD
808
86 3
0096
Rom
ano
-Brit
ish
or M
edie
val
A r
ectil
inea
r di
tche
d an
d ba
nked
enc
losu
re. C
. 19m
by
15m
inte
rnal
ly. T
he b
ank
0.2-
0.4m
high
and
up
to 5
m w
ide
& th
e di
tch
has
sim
ilar
dim
ensi
ons.
One
long
sid
e is
ove
rlain
by
ala
ter
ston
e en
clos
ure
wal
l. P
ossi
bly
a la
te p
rehi
stor
ic o
r R
oman
o -B
ritis
h se
ttlem
ent.
It m
aybe
con
nect
ed to
Hap
ton
Tow
er. E
arth
wor
k en
clos
ure
was
iden
tifie
d by
CW
A D
BA
in 2
002.
20
PR
N35
45 -
MLA
3545
SD
806
00 3
1400
Med
ieva
lS
ite o
f a m
edie
val m
edic
inal
spa
. Lis
ted
in B
yrne
(19
82)
The
Hol
y W
ells
Nam
ed W
ells
and
Spa
s of
Nor
th E
ast L
anca
shire
.21
PR
N70
12 -
MLA
7010
SD
795
30 3
0740
Pos
t -M
edie
val
A s
ands
tone
qua
rry
show
n on
firs
t edi
tion
Ord
nanc
e S
urve
y m
ap o
f 184
8. N
ear
Lane
End
s, H
amel
don
Roa
d, H
apto
n.22
PR
N70
13 -
MLA
1713
SD
793
70 3
0930
Pos
t -M
edie
val
Tow
nele
y A
rms
Inn,
Lan
e E
nds,
Hap
ton.
Sho
wn
on fi
rst e
ditio
n O
rdna
nce
Sur
vey
map
of
1848
.23
PR
N70
14 -
MLA
7012
SD
791
93 3
1125
Pos
t -M
edie
val
Sch
ool h
ouse
at N
ear
Lane
End
s, H
apto
n. S
how
n on
firs
t edi
tion
Ord
nanc
e S
urve
y m
ap o
f18
48.
24
PR
N70
39 -
MLA
7037
SD
789
00 2
8600
Pos
t -M
edie
val
Res
ervo
ir of
Oak
Prin
t Wor
ks, s
how
n on
firs
t edi
tion
Ord
nanc
e S
urve
y m
ap o
f 184
8.25
PR
N70
40-
MLA
7038
SD
793
10 2
9184
Pos
t -M
edie
val
Thr
ee s
ands
tone
qua
rrie
s sh
own
on th
e 1s
t edi
tion
OS
map
of 1
848.
The
se a
re s
till
mar
ked
on th
e cu
rren
t map
she
et.
26
PR
N76
04-
MLA
7602
SD
816
90 3
1060
Pos
t -M
edie
val
Coa
l pit
show
n on
the
1s`
editi
on O
S m
ap o
f 184
8. N
ot s
how
n on
cur
rent
map
she
et.
27
PR
N76
05-
MLA
7603
SD
810
40 3
1040
Pos
t -M
edie
val
A p
re -
Vic
toria
n er
a sp
a w
ell.
Mar
ked
as 'W
atso
n's'
on
old
OS
map
ping
. Now
kno
wn
asW
atso
n's
Laith
e'.
28
PR
N26
236-
MLA
2617
2S
D 8
0568
299
78M
edie
val
Rem
ains
of m
edie
val r
idge
and
furr
ow c
ultiv
atio
n at
Ham
eldo
n H
ill.
29
PR
N26
235-
MLA
2617
1S
D 8
0887
298
98U
nkno
wn
Ear
thw
ork
rem
ains
of a
ditc
h an
d tw
o ba
nks
on H
amel
don
Hill
.It
is p
ossi
ble
that
the
eart
hwor
k is
form
ed b
y bu
ried
rem
ains
, alth
ough
it m
ay b
e fo
rmed
by
lync
het f
arm
ing.
30
PR
N76
12-
MLA
7610
SD
821
00 3
0550
Pos
t -M
edie
val
San
dsto
ne q
uarr
y sh
own
to th
e no
rth-
wes
t of F
urth
er B
arn,
Mic
kleh
urst
Clo
ugh,
on
the
15'
editi
on O
S m
ap o
f 184
8.31
PR
N26
234-
MLA
2617
0S
D 8
0770
302
12M
edie
val
Low
ban
k ex
tend
ing
from
mou
nd (
PR
N26
232)
and
may
be
cont
empo
rary
to it
. Rid
ge a
ndfu
rrow
res
pect
s th
e ba
nk.
32 3
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Ref
eren
ceG
rid R
efer
ence
Per
iod
Des
crip
tion
No.
on
Fig
s8
1 &
8.2
PR
N76
44-
MLA
7642
SD
802
16 2
8501
Pos
t -M
edie
val
Tw
o sa
ndst
one
quar
ries
show
n on
the
1s`
editi
on O
S m
ap. T
he q
uarr
ies
are
anno
tate
d as
'rubb
le' o
n th
e m
ap s
heet
and
so
may
be
of s
ome
antiq
uity
.33
PR
N76
45-
MLA
7643
SD
800
00 2
8620
Pos
t -M
edie
val
Tw
o co
al p
its s
how
n on
the
1st e
ditio
n O
S m
ap. G
iven
the
shap
e of
thes
e pi
ts,
it m
ay b
eth
at th
ey w
ere
orig
inal
ly b
ell p
its. T
hey
may
als
o ha
ve b
een
part
of t
he C
upol
a C
ollie
ry.
34
PR
A76
46-
MLA
7644
SD
803
60 2
8720
Pos
t -M
edie
val
Coa
l pit
show
n on
the
1s`
editi
on O
S m
ap. T
his
may
orig
inal
ly h
ave
been
a b
ell p
it an
dm
ay h
ave
form
ed p
art o
f the
Cup
ola
Col
liery
.35
PR
N76
47-
MLA
7645
SD
806
73 2
8615
Pos
t -M
edie
val
Cup
ola
Col
liery
. Situ
ated
on
Ham
eldo
n H
ill n
ear
Clo
wbr
idge
. It w
orke
d th
e A
rley
Min
e.T
here
wer
e a
num
ber
of s
hafts
and
the
colli
ery
prob
ably
had
a fu
rnac
e.M
ost o
f the
site
was
cle
ared
whe
n th
e tr
ansm
issi
on s
tatio
n in
the
loca
lity
was
ere
cted
but
the
emba
nkm
ent
of th
e co
llier
y's
surf
ace
ginn
ey c
an b
e tr
aced
bac
k to
a n
umbe
r of
fille
d sh
afts
.
36
PR
N76
48-
MLA
7646
SD
811
37 2
8652
Pos
t -M
edie
val
San
dsto
ne q
uarr
y sh
own
on th
e ls
t edi
tion
OS
map
. Stil
l dis
cern
able
on
the
curr
ent m
apsh
eets
.37
PR
N76
49-
MLA
7647
Pos
t -M
edie
val
Thr
ee li
mek
ilns
are
show
n so
uth
of H
apto
n T
ower
on
the
1s`
editi
on O
S m
ap. T
he g
eolo
gyof
the
area
sug
gest
s th
ese
wer
e no
t kiln
s an
d m
ay h
ave
been
an
area
of l
imes
tone
hush
ing.
38S
D 8
0773
296
56
PR
N76
50-
MLA
7648
SD
812
10 2
9970
Pos
t -M
edie
val
Site
of a
san
dsto
ne q
uarr
y, s
how
n no
rth-
east
of H
apto
n T
ower
on
the
1st e
ditio
n O
S m
ap.
39
PR
N76
51-
MLA
7649
SD
815
51 2
9942
Pos
t -M
edie
val
Coa
l pit
show
n on
the
1s`
editi
on O
S m
ap. S
till v
isib
le o
n cu
rren
t map
she
et.
40
PR
N76
53-
MLA
7651
SD
818
90 2
9870
Pos
t -M
edie
val
San
dsto
ne q
uarr
y at
Hel
m C
loug
h sh
own
on th
e 15
` ed
ition
OS
map
. Stil
l dis
cern
able
on
curr
ent m
ap s
heet
.41
PR
N76
54-
MLA
7652
SD
822
00 2
9600
Pos
t -M
edie
val
San
dsto
ne q
uarr
y sh
ow b
etw
een
Hel
m C
loug
h an
d B
arn
Clo
ugh
on th
e 1s
` ed
ition
OS
map
.42
PR
N76
55-
MLA
7653
SD
818
10 2
9410
Pos
t -M
edie
val
San
dsto
ne q
uarr
y in
dica
ted
to th
e no
rth
of P
orte
rs G
ate
Hei
ght o
n th
e 1s
` ed
ition
OS
map
.43
PR
N76
56-
MLA
7654
SD
818
50 2
9130
Pos
t -M
edie
val
Res
ervo
ir sh
own
at B
lack
Hill
on
the
1s`
editi
on O
S m
ap. O
n cu
rren
t map
she
et it
is s
how
nas
a p
ond
with
a s
urro
undi
ng m
arsh
y ar
ea w
hich
cor
resp
onds
to th
e or
igin
al s
ize.
44
PR
N76
57-
SD
814
00 2
8470
Pos
t -M
edie
val
Hou
se a
nd s
ands
tone
qua
rry
show
n at
New
Lai
the
on th
e 1s
` ed
ition
OS
map
. The
qua
rry
45 4
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eren
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rid R
efer
ence
Per
iod
Des
crip
tion
No.
on
Fig
s8
1 &
8.2
MLA
7655
is to
the
sout
h of
the
hous
e.P
RN
7658
-M
LA76
56S
D 8
1480
283
80P
ost -
Med
ieva
lS
ands
tone
qua
rry
loca
ted
to th
e so
uth-
east
of N
ew L
aith
e, s
how
n on
the
1st e
ditio
n O
Sm
ap.
46
PR
N76
84-
MLA
7682
SD
806
30 2
7760
Pos
t -M
edie
val
Far
mst
ead
loca
ted
at G
reat
Clo
ugh
and
Love
Clo
ugh,
dep
icte
d on
the
1st e
ditio
n O
S m
ap.
Bui
ldin
g st
ill e
xtan
t.47
PR
N76
85-
MLA
7683
SD
805
65 2
7877
Pos
t -M
edie
val
Coa
l pit
at G
reat
Clo
ugh/
Love
Clo
ugh
show
n on
1st
edi
tion
OS
map
. It i
s lik
ely
that
this
was
par
t of t
he C
upol
a C
ollie
ry. S
till e
xtan
t as
a st
one
vaul
ted
pass
age.
48
PR
N76
86-
MLA
7684
SD
808
20 2
8010
Pos
t -M
edie
val
Hei
ghts
Far
m, s
ituat
ed to
the
wes
t of G
reat
Clo
ugh,
and
dep
icte
d on
the
1st e
ditio
n O
S
map
s. N
amed
as
'Top
of h
eigh
ts' o
n ea
rly m
appi
ng.
49
PR
N11
210-
MLA
1120
8Li
near
! SD
802
0030
000
Pos
t -M
edie
val
Line
ar b
ound
ary
of T
horn
y B
ank
Woo
d. T
his
linea
r ea
rthw
ork
is d
epic
ted
on th
e 1s
` ed
ition
OS
map
and
run
s ea
st to
wes
t.50
PR
N15
289-
MLA
1525
2S
D 8
1200
287
50M
oder
nLi
near
cul
tivat
ion
mar
ks o
n H
amel
don
Hill
, now
thou
ght t
o be
mod
ern
drai
nage
rat
her
than
ridge
and
furr
ow d
ue to
the
fact
they
run
dow
n sl
ope.
51
PR
N15
290-
M L
A15
253
SD
816
00 2
8640
Pos
t -M
edie
val
Line
ar b
ank
and
ditc
h su
gges
ting
field
bou
ndar
ies.
Orie
ntat
ed s
outh
-wes
t to
nort
h-ea
st.
Ear
lier
than
the
drys
tone
wal
ls d
epic
ted
on th
e O
S m
aps.
52
PR
N15
313-
MLA
1527
6S
D 8
1550
284
60P
ost -
Med
ieva
lR
evet
men
t on
the
east
ern
edge
of a
sm
all v
alle
y at
Ban
k C
loug
h th
at is
pre
vent
ing
land
slip
s.53
PR
N15
314-
MLA
1527
7S
D 8
1630
283
40P
ost -
Med
ieva
lC
ulve
rt a
nd w
ater
cour
se a
t Ban
k C
loug
h. S
trea
m b
anks
hav
e be
en s
trai
ghte
ned
with
drys
tone
wal
ls a
nd e
nter
a c
ulve
rt. R
evet
men
t loc
ated
to th
e no
rth.
54
PR
N15
315-
MLA
1527
8S
D 8
1770
283
80P
ost -
Med
ieva
lD
rain
age
ditc
h at
Ban
k C
loug
h. A
str
eam
bet
wee
n tw
o m
an-m
ade
leve
es.
55
PR
N15
316-
MLA
1527
9S
D 8
1730
284
10P
ost -
Med
ieva
lA
T-s
hape
d dr
ysto
ne w
all s
truc
ture
, int
erpr
eted
as
a sh
eep
fold
.56
PR
N15
336-
MLA
1529
9S
D 8
1780
287
30B
ronz
e A
ge o
rP
ost -
Med
ieva
lF
ield
cle
aran
ce c
airn
, or
poss
ibly
a b
uria
l cai
rn a
t Clo
w H
ill. T
he c
airn
is o
val a
nd h
asup
right
sto
nes
at e
dge,
pos
sibl
y re
pres
entin
g ke
rb s
tone
s.57
PR
N15
366-
MLA
1532
9S
D 8
1300
288
00M
edie
val
For
est b
ound
ary
bank
and
ditc
h kn
own
as 'L
ong
Dyk
e'. P
arto
f the
bou
ndar
y of
the
med
ieva
l for
est o
f Ros
send
ale.
Mos
tly d
estr
oyed
dur
ing
the
cons
truc
tion
of th
e R
adar
Sta
tion.
58 5
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rid R
efer
ence
Per
iod
Des
crip
tion
No.
on
Fig
s8
1 &
82P
RN
2623
3-M
LA26
169
SD
808
00 3
0188
Unk
now
nT
wo
bank
ed h
ollo
ws,
bis
ecte
d by
fiel
d w
all.
The
sou
ther
n ho
llow
app
ears
to h
ave
anen
tran
ce a
t the
nor
ther
n si
de. P
roba
bly
rela
ted
to th
e en
clos
ure
(PR
N26
230)
.59
PR
N26
232-
MLA
2616
8S
D 8
0785
302
21U
nkno
wn
Sub
-ci
rcul
ar m
ound
with
a p
ossi
bly
asso
ciat
ed e
nclo
sure
sur
roun
ding
it.H
ollo
wed
out
area
als
o no
ted
whi
ch h
as b
een
used
by
shee
p fo
r sh
elte
r. A
sec
ond
hollo
w is
to th
eso
uth.
Dat
e is
unk
now
n.60
PR
N16
692-
MLA
1665
541
4841
SD
809
57 3
1040
Pos
t -M
edie
val
Wat
son
Laith
e fa
rmho
use
and
barn
, Hap
ton.
Bui
lt in
17t
h ce
ntur
y. L
iste
d B
uild
ing
Gra
deII.
61
PR
N19
193-
MLA
1915
5S
D 8
0950
313
50P
ost -
Med
ieva
lLa
te 1
9th
cent
ury
drift
min
e, s
till r
ecen
tly in
use
. Par
t of H
apto
n V
alle
y C
oal M
ine.
Tw
osh
afts
with
hea
dgea
r an
d so
me
late
19t
h ce
ntur
y br
ick
build
ings
rem
ain.
62
PR
N19
350-
MLA
1931
2S
D 7
8839
309
68P
ost -
Med
ieva
lF
arm
hous
e at
Mill
Hill
, sho
wn
on ls
t edi
tion
OS
map
. Pla
ce n
ame
evid
ence
may
als
osu
gges
t the
pre
senc
e of
a m
ill?
63
PR
N22
12-
MLA
2207
1S
D 7
9941
312
18P
ost -
Med
ieva
lM
ilest
one
on th
e so
uth
side
of t
he A
679
Acc
ringt
on R
oad.
Mar
ked
on th
e 15
1 ed
ition
OS
map
but
now
no
long
er e
xtan
t.64
PR
N22
113-
MLA
2207
2S
D 8
0907
305
94P
ost -
Med
ieva
lO
ld q
uarr
y no
rth
of N
ew B
arn,
indi
cate
d on
the
1st e
ditio
n O
S m
ap.
65
PR
N22
119-
MLA
2207
8S
D 8
1480
307
61P
ost -
Med
ieva
lA
ir sh
aft/v
entil
atio
n sh
aft c
. 800
m to
the
sout
h of
Bill
ingt
on R
oad,
mar
ked
on th
e 1s
t edi
tion
OS
map
. No
long
er e
xtan
t.66
PR
N22
123-
MLA
2208
2S
D 8
1324
312
80P
ost -
Med
ieva
lO
ld q
uarr
y at
Bel
shaw
Cou
rt. Q
uarr
y is
mar
ked
on th
e 1s
t edi
tion
OS
map
.67
PR
N26
215-
MLA
2615
1,14
6227
2S
D 8
0968
300
81M
edie
val
Wat
chin
g br
ief d
urin
g co
nstr
uctio
n of
the
pres
ent w
ind
turb
ines
foun
d ev
iden
ce o
fm
edie
val r
idge
and
furr
ow c
ultiv
atio
n.68
PR
N26
228-
MLA
2616
4,14
6227
2S
D 8
0900
299
00U
nkno
wn
Und
ated
ear
thw
ork
bank
alig
ned
east
-w
est d
isco
vere
d du
ring
wat
chin
g br
ief o
n pr
esen
tw
ind
turb
ines
. The
ear
thw
ork
appe
ars
to b
e ea
rlier
than
the
adja
cent
rid
ge a
nd fu
rrow
.69
PR
N26
229-
MLA
2616
5,S
D 8
086
3007
Med
ieva
lE
arth
en e
mba
nkm
ent r
unni
ng e
ast t
o w
est.
The
ear
thw
ork
is r
espe
cted
by
the
ridge
and
furr
ow a
nd is
dee
med
to b
e co
ntem
pora
ry. E
arth
wor
k id
entif
ied
durin
g w
atch
ing
brie
f.70 6
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Ref
eren
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rid R
efer
ence
Per
iod
Des
crip
tion
No.
on
Fig
s.8.
1 &
8214
6227
2H
isto
ric
Map
ping
SD
803
2 30
40P
ost -
Med
ieva
lA
ir sh
aft d
epic
ted
on th
e 18
93 O
S m
appi
ng. S
till s
how
n on
cur
rent
map
s.71
PR
N26
231-
MLA
2616
7S
D 8
0713
301
35M
edie
val
Rid
ge a
nd fu
rrow
cul
tivat
ion
visi
ble
as e
arth
wor
ks lo
cate
d ne
ar tu
rbin
e co
verin
g an
are
aro
ughl
y 75
m b
y 40
0m. T
he r
idge
and
furr
ow is
alig
ned
nort
h-w
est t
o so
uth-
east
.72
2767
9S
D 7
883
3147
Med
ieva
l
Hap
ton
Cas
tle. A
rou
ghly
ova
l pla
tform
sur
roun
ded
on tw
o si
des
by a
sub
stan
tial d
itch.
The
cas
tle w
as b
uilt
by 1
328.
It w
as th
e se
at o
f the
Lor
ds o
f Hap
ton
until
Hap
ton
Tow
erw
as b
uilt
in 1
510.
The
bui
ldin
g w
as in
habi
ted
in 1
667
but i
n ru
ins
by 1
725.
It is
thou
ght t
oha
ve c
onsi
sted
of a
sto
ne to
wer
kee
p w
ith a
woo
den
palis
ade
or s
tone
wal
l enc
losi
ng a
yard
. Sch
edul
ed M
onum
ent.
73
4148
41S
D 7
9030
313
61P
ost -
Med
ieva
lH
apto
n H
all F
arm
hous
e, n
ow a
hou
se. B
uilt
of th
in s
ands
tone
rub
ble,
ren
dere
d at
the
back
with
a s
late
roo
f, Li
sted
Bui
ldin
g G
rade
II.
74
4148
44S
D 7
9392
320
48P
ost -
Med
ieva
lC
anal
Brid
ge N
umbe
r 12
1. B
uilt
c. 1
800
of c
ours
ed s
ands
tone
blo
cks.
Lis
ted
Bui
ldin
gG
rade
II.
75
4148
39S
D 8
0353
322
05P
ost -
Med
ieva
lK
notts
Brid
ge. C
anal
Brid
ge N
umbe
r 12
3. B
uilt
c. 1
800
of c
ours
ed s
ands
tone
blo
cks.
List
ed B
uild
ing
Gra
de II
.76
4148
40S
D 8
0409
317
80P
ost -
Med
ieva
lB
arn
c. 5
0m n
orth
eas
t of B
entle
y W
ood
Gre
en F
arm
hous
e. A
isle
d ba
rn, p
roba
bly
late
r17
th c
entu
ry w
ith la
ter
alte
ratio
ns. B
uilt
of c
ours
ed s
ands
tone
rub
ble
with
a s
tone
sla
tero
of. T
his
appe
ars
to h
ave
been
dem
olis
hed.
Lis
ted
Bui
ldin
g G
rade
II.
77
4148
34S
D 8
2090
310
56P
ost -
Med
ieva
lH
aber
gham
Hal
l Far
mho
use.
Lat
er 1
8th
cent
ury.
Bui
lt of
wat
ersh
ot c
ours
ed s
ands
tone
rubb
le w
ith a
sto
ne s
late
roo
f. Li
sted
Bui
ldin
g G
rade
II.
78
His
toric
Map
ping
SD
808
7 30
64U
nkno
wn
Qua
rry
pit s
how
n on
the
1912
OS
map
ping
. Stil
l ext
ant a
nd v
isib
le o
n m
oder
n ae
rial
phot
ogra
phy.
79
His
toric
Map
ping
SD
808
9 30
60U
nkno
wn
Qua
rry
pit s
how
n on
the
1893
OS
map
ping
. Stil
l vis
ible
on
mod
ern
aeria
l pho
togr
aphy
.80
His
toric
Map
ping
SD
810
0 29
77U
nkno
wn
Rifl
e ra
nge,
to th
e so
uth-
east
of H
apto
n T
ower
. Sho
wn
on th
e 18
93 O
S m
appi
ng.
81
His
toric
SD
802
5 29
22U
nkno
wn
For
mer
fiel
d bo
unda
ry, s
how
n on
the
1893
OS
map
s bu
t now
rem
oved
.82 7
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Ref
eren
ceG
rid R
efer
ence
Per
iod
Des
crip
tion
No.
on
Fig
s8
1 &
82M
appi
ngH
isto
ricM
appi
ngS
D 8
004
2903
Unk
now
nO
ld le
vel (
Coa
l) de
pict
ed o
n th
e O
S m
appi
ng. P
resu
med
to in
dica
te th
at a
coa
l sea
msu
rfac
ed, o
r th
at th
e se
am w
as o
btai
ned
from
a s
haft
here
.83
His
toric
Map
ping
SD
799
8 28
94U
nkno
wn
Ext
ent o
f Tho
rney
Ban
k W
ood
in 1
848.
Sub
sequ
ent O
S m
aps
have
sho
wn
grad
ually
redu
ced
woo
dlan
d co
vera
ge.
84
His
toric
Map
ping
SD
798
1 30
32U
nkno
wn
For
mer
fiel
d bo
unda
ry, s
how
n on
the
1893
OS
map
s bu
t now
rem
oved
.85
His
toric
Map
ping
SD
800
1 30
48U
nkno
wn
Qua
rry
pit,
show
n on
the
1893
OS
map
.86
His
toric
Map
ping
SD
807
3 30
34U
nkno
wn
Qua
rry
pit,
show
n on
the
1893
OS
map
.87
His
toric
Map
ping
SD
809
3 29
86U
nkno
wn
She
ep fo
ld, s
ituat
ed to
the
east
of H
apto
n T
ower
, dep
icte
d on
the
1893
OS
map
.88
Aer
ial
Pho
togr
aph
SD
809
1 29
89U
nkno
wn
Line
ar fe
atur
e id
entif
ied
from
aer
ial p
hoto
grap
hy. M
ay b
e re
lict f
ield
bou
ndar
y.89
Aer
ial
Pho
togr
aph
SD
806
9 29
95U
nkno
wn
Cur
vilin
ear
feat
ure
iden
tifie
d fr
om a
eria
l pho
togr
aphy
. Ext
ends
acr
oss
line
of T
ower
Bro
ok.
May
be
som
e fo
rm o
f dro
vew
ay o
r tr
ackw
ay.
90
Aer
ial
Pho
togr
aph
SD
806
7 30
00U
nkno
wn
Line
ar fe
atur
e id
entif
ied
from
aer
ial p
hoto
grap
hy.
91
Aer
ial
Pho
togr
aph
SD
804
2 29
93U
nkno
wn
Cur
vilin
ear
feat
ure
iden
tifie
d fr
om a
eria
l pho
togr
aphy
. Ext
ends
acr
oss
line
of T
ower
Bro
ok.
May
be
som
e fo
rm o
f dro
vew
ay o
r tr
ackw
ay.
92
Aer
ial
Pho
togr
aph
SD
805
6 30
01U
nkno
wn
Line
ar fe
atur
e id
entif
ied
from
aer
ial p
hoto
grap
hy. P
art o
f a s
mal
l col
lect
ion
of c
rop
mar
ks
incl
udin
g (9
2) a
nd (
98).
93
Aer
ial
Pho
togr
aph
SD
808
2 30
07U
nkno
wn
Line
ar fe
atur
e id
entif
ied
from
aer
ial p
hoto
grap
hy. E
xten
ds to
nor
th-e
ast f
rom
ano
ther
linea
r (9
0).
94
Aer
ial
Pho
togr
aph
SD
808
3 30
19U
nkno
wn
Rec
tilin
ear
crop
mar
k id
entif
ied
from
aer
ial p
hoto
grap
hy. M
ay b
e re
late
d to
oth
er n
earb
yea
rthw
orks
.95
Aer
ial
Pho
togr
aph
SD
809
0 30
37U
nkno
wn
Line
ar fe
atur
e id
entif
ied
from
aer
ial p
hoto
grap
hy. M
ay b
e a
relic
t fie
ld b
ound
ary
asso
ciat
ed96 8
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Ref
eren
ceG
rid R
efer
ence
Per
iod
Des
crip
tion
No
onF
igs.
8 1
&8.
2w
ith N
ew B
arn
Far
m.
Aer
ial
Pho
togr
aph
SD
806
7 30
43U
nkno
wn
Line
ar fe
atur
e ex
tend
ing
acro
ss m
oder
n fie
ld b
ound
ary
so p
resu
mab
ly p
reda
tes
this
.Id
entif
ied
from
aer
ial p
hoto
grap
hy.
97
Aer
ial
Pho
togr
aph
SD
805
5 30
04U
nkno
wn
Line
ar tr
ackw
ay o
r dr
ove
way
iden
tifie
d fr
om a
eria
l pho
togr
aphy
. May
be
asso
ciat
ed w
ithm
ovin
g liv
esto
ck to
a s
ourc
e of
wat
er..
98
Aer
ial
Pho
togr
aph
SD
804
8 30
11U
nkno
wn
Cur
vilin
ear
feat
ure
iden
tifie
d fr
om a
eria
l pho
togr
aphy
. May
be
rela
ted
to th
e m
ovem
ent o
fliv
esto
ck to
wat
er s
ourc
es.
99
Aer
ial
Pho
togr
aph
SD
804
1 30
21U
nkno
wn
Sho
rt g
roup
of l
inea
r fe
atur
esid
entif
ied
from
aer
ial
phot
ogra
phs.
Unc
lear
of t
heir
rela
tions
hip
with
sur
roun
ding
line
ars.
100
Aer
ial
Pho
togr
aph
SD
802
4 30
24U
nkno
wn
Cro
pmar
k/ea
rthw
orks
of p
ossi
ble
arch
aeol
ogic
al s
igni
fican
ce, W
alko
ver
surv
ey id
entif
ied
mas
onry
or
ston
ewor
k bu
ried
clos
e to
sur
face
of f
ield
leav
ing
visi
ble
trac
es.
101
Aer
ial
Pho
togr
aph
SD
804
1 30
24U
nkno
wn
Line
ar fe
atur
e id
entif
ied
from
aer
ial p
hoto
grap
hy, l
eadi
ng to
Tow
er B
rook
.10
2
Aer
ial
Pho
togr
aph
SD
805
4 30
46U
nkno
wn
Cur
vilin
ear
feat
ure
iden
tifie
d fr
om a
eria
l pho
togr
aphy
. May
be
cont
empo
rary
with
the
surr
ound
ing
field
bou
ndar
ies.
103
Aer
ial
Pho
togr
aph
SD
804
3 30
53U
nkno
wn
Line
ar fe
atur
e w
hich
ext
ends
acr
oss
curr
ent f
ield
bou
ndar
ies.
Iden
tifie
d fr
om a
eria
lph
otog
raph
y. It
is p
resu
med
to b
e pa
rt o
f a r
elic
t fie
ld b
ound
ary
syst
em.
104
Aer
ial
Pho
togr
aph
SD
803
2 30
54U
nkno
wn
Cur
vilin
ear
feat
ures
iden
tifie
d fr
om a
eria
l pho
togr
aphs
. May
be
som
e fo
rm o
f tra
ckw
ay o
rdr
ove
way
.10
5
Aer
ial
Pho
togr
aph
SD
802
5 30
56U
nkno
wn
Rec
tilin
ear
crop
mar
k id
entif
ied
from
aer
ial p
hoto
grap
hy. U
nkno
wn
date
.10
6
Aer
ial
Pho
togr
aph
SD
809
3 29
87U
nkno
wn
Cur
vilin
ear
feat
ure
iden
tifie
d fr
om a
eria
l pho
togr
aphy
. Pos
sibl
y as
soci
ated
with
Hap
ton
Tow
er a
lthou
gh th
is c
anno
t be
conf
irmed
at p
rese
nt.
107
Aer
ial
Pho
togr
aph
SD
804
6 30
16U
nkno
wn
An
area
of l
inea
r ea
rthw
orks
pro
babl
y ov
erly
ing
the
exta
nt r
idge
and
furr
ow c
ultiv
atio
n.A
ligne
d ro
ughl
y no
rth-
east
to s
outh
-wes
t alth
ough
a s
ectio
n in
the
sout
h-w
est c
orne
r is
alig
ned
mor
e ea
st -
wes
t. A
ppea
rs to
be
delin
eate
d by
ano
ther
bou
ndar
y di
tch
on o
uter
edge
.
108
Aer
ial
SD
805
4 30
43U
nkno
wn
An
area
of l
inea
r ea
rthw
orks
pro
babl
y ov
erly
ing
the
exta
nt r
idge
and
furr
ow c
ultiv
atio
n.10
9
9
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Ref
eren
ceG
rid R
efer
ence
Per
iod
Des
crip
tion
No
onF
igs
8 1
&82
Pho
togr
aph
Alig
ned
roug
hly
nort
h-ea
st to
sou
th-w
est.
App
ears
to b
e de
linea
ted
by a
noth
er b
ound
ary
ditc
h on
out
er e
dge.
SD
73
SE
12
PR
N74
3 -
MLA
743
SD
79
31M
edie
val
Birt
hwis
le m
edie
val h
amle
t in
the
paris
h of
Hap
ton
men
tione
d in
var
ious
dee
ds r
elat
ing
tote
nure
s of
land
from
the
12th
cen
tury
. The
Birt
hwis
le fa
mily
pos
sess
ed th
e la
nd fr
om th
eea
rly 1
3th
cent
ury
to th
e la
te 1
6th
cent
ury.
It w
as p
roba
bly
situ
ated
in th
e so
uth-
east
of
Hap
ton.
SD
83
NW
10
SD
80
30R
oman
Fin
d sp
ot o
f cop
per
Rom
an c
oins
.-
SD
83
SW
17
PR
N23
4 -
MLA
234
SD
80
30R
oman
A R
oman
set
tlem
ent s
ugge
sted
by
scat
tere
d R
oman
coi
ns a
nd a
pos
sibl
e R
oman
crem
atio
n bu
rial.
-
SD
83
SW
18
SD
80
30U
nkno
wn
A s
mal
l car
ved
ston
e im
age
is s
aid
to h
ave
been
foun
d re
cent
ly in
the
ruin
s of
an
old
brid
ge o
n th
e m
oors
abo
ve B
urnl
ey.
SD
83
SW
19
SD
80
30P
ost -
Med
ieva
lB
urnl
ey S
choo
l - R
oyal
Fre
e G
ram
mar
Sch
ool 1
566
PR
N35
17 -
MLA
3517
SD
80
30B
ronz
e A
geS
ever
al s
herd
s of
Bea
ker
potte
ry w
ere
foun
d in
the
19th
cen
tury
. Onl
y th
e bo
dy r
emai
nsbu
t the
dec
orat
ion
of h
oriz
onta
l lin
es fi
lled
in w
ith v
ertic
al li
nes
in th
e fo
rm o
f lad
ders
and
the
shap
e of
the
body
sug
gest
a lo
ng -
neck
ed B
eake
r.-
PR
N23
2 -
MLA
232
SD
80
30B
ronz
e A
geA
pre
hist
oric
pot
foun
d w
ithin
an
eart
h ci
rcle
in 1
905.
The
find
spo
t of t
his
cup
is B
ronz
eA
ge in
dat
e an
d m
ay b
e fr
om th
e rin
g di
tch
of a
Bro
nze
Age
bar
row
.-
10
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