Appendix 1 Statistics of Working Meetings Which Have Taken Place in 3 Continents

Collaborating UBS No. of executives organisations branch Total and technologists

United States 33 34 114 Japan 31 32 75 England and Ireland 25 27 56 Germany 11 12 23

Total 100 4 105 268

355

Appendix 2 List of Companies Participating in the Research Study UNITED STATES

Citicorp/Citibank

Kenneth A. Hines, Senior Vice President and Director of Marketing -Information Business International

Citicorp Center, 153 East 53rd Street, New York, NY 10043;

Daniel D. Sullivan, Vice President, Citicorp Technology Office Ken Traugot, Vice President, Citicorp Technology Office

3100 Ocean Park Blvd, Santa Monica, CA 90405

Security Pacific

Jack A. Brown, First Vice President and Manager, Image Processing Jeffrey D. Cook, First Vice President and Manager, Telecommunications Arun Ghosh, Vice President and Division Manager, Database Services

333 S. Hope Street, Mail Code H - 39 - 80, Los Angeles, CA 90071

American Express

Ken Chrisman, Vice President, New Technologies (Image Processing, Expert Systems) Jon A. Jacobs, Vice President, Card Operations Martha L. Loomis, Director and Assistant Treasurer

American Express Tower, World Financial Center, New York, NY 10285-2920

The Prudential Insurance Company of America

AHred P. Spangenberg, Manager, Technology Transfer Center Lisa Winter, Knowledge Engineer Jim Serafino, Knowledge Engineer Scott Petretta, Telecommunications Robert Haber, Telecommunications

Information Systems Division, 55 North Livingston Avenue, Roseland, NJ 07068

356

List of Companies

Goldman Sachs & Co.

Malcolm Draper, Architect, Communications Systems Fred M. Katz, Applications Architect, Equity Sales and Trading Peter T. Hoversten, Vice President, Information Technology David Flaxman, Advanced Technology Group Leo J. Esposito, Vice President, Information Systems Teresa E. Holliday, Vice President, Information Technology

88 Broad Street, New York, NY 10004

Bank of America

Peter R. Hill, Senior Vice President, Bank of America Systems Engineering David Dell, Vice President, Communications Systems Jacob Firestone, Manager, Software Engineering Cassius Downs, Systems Manager Andrew Cheng, Artificial Intelligence M. Bowler, Image Systems

1755 Grant Street, 4th Floor, Concord, CA 94520

Chemical Banking

David M. Smith, Vice President, Emerging Technologies Jack Tramey, Technology Officer, Emerging Technologies Geoffrey C. Schlakman, Emerging Technologies Ron Shepherd, Emerging Technologies Christine Cooper, Emerging Technologies

55 Water Street, New York, NY 10041

Merrill Lynch

DuWayne J. Peterson, Executive Vice President

357

World Headquarters, North Tower, World Financial Center, New York, NY 10281-1220

F. W. Gerbracht, Vice President of Operations, Systems and Telecommunications Neil Ferri, Vice President, Information Systems Maxine A. Glassberg, Systems Manager, Development Support Center

Two Broadway, 10th Floor, New York, NY 10080-6010

358 Appendix 2

Great Western Bamk

Les Wilson, Vice President, Information Technology C. W. Matthews, Vice President, Communications Services Miguel A. Fernandez, Manager, Systems Architecture Debra Rice, Manager, Enduser Computing James Joubert, Applications Planning

19860 Plummer Street, P.o. Box 2131, Chatsworth, CA 9311

Mellon Bank

George Dinardo, Executive Vice President David A. Moore, Senior Vice President, Computer Services Jim Stuber, Senior Vice President, Advanced Systems Development and Technical Environment Planning

Three Mellon Bank Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15259-0003

Bankers Trust

Dr Carmine Vona, Executive Vice President Ken Moskowitz, Vice President, Financial Planning and Administration Leon B. Smith, Vice President, Technical Architecture

One Bankers Trust Plaza, New York, NY 10015

Bear Stearns

Kulbushan Karbal, Manager, New Technologies Department Jeffrey V. Nickerson, Vice President, New Technologies Department Richard H. R. Toland, Telecommunications Department

245 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10167

Wells Fargo

G. Kevin Omi, Vice President Thomas F. Falce, Manager, Decision Support Denise Eckert, Manager, Advanced Office Systems David Shapiro, Database Manager

III Sutter Street, San Francisco, CA 94163

First Boston

Shree H. Navkal, Vice President, Information Services Bryan A. Weisinger, Unit Manager, Information Services Richard Griese, First Boston Technologies

Tower Forty Nine, 12 East 49th Street, New York, NY 10017

List of Companies 359

Manufacturers Hanover Trust

Thomas Campfield, Project Manager, AI Financial Trading, Project Tara

(Brief Meeting held at the Conference of the Society of Smart Financial Services)

Chase Manhattan

Susan Garavaglia, Vice President and Manager of Technical Research Group

(Brief Meeting held at the Conference of the Society of Smart Financial Services)

Inference Corporation

Alexander D. Jacobson, Chairman of the Board and CEO Clay H. Chisum, Member of the Board

5300 W Century Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90045

Bechtel Corporation

Patrick J. Harrington, Manager, Computer & Network Operations Dr Ralph E Love, General Manager, Bechtel AI Institute Dr Frank J. Carrigan, Neural Networks, Bechtel AI Institute George A. Polzer, AI Specialist, Bechtel AI Institute George Belonogoff, Information Services Manager, Bechtel Power Corporation Jo Coffey, Knowledge Engineering Technology Applications, Bechtel Group Robert A. Burke, Manager, Communications Projects Kathryn M. Schultz, Manager, Customer Support Ernest Jackson, Systems Co-ordinator for IS

350 Mission Street, San Francisco, CA 94105

Aion Corporation

Vaughn G. Hysinger, Vice President, Marketing Operations Peter A. Chargin, Product Marketing

101 University Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94301

360 Appendix 2

AI Corporation

Larry R. Harris, Chairman of the Board Dr Martin Guyote, Knowledge Engineer Ernie Bruno, Regional Manager

100 Fifth Avenue, Waltham, MA 02254-9156

Software International Associates

Al Acosta, Manager

(Present in the meeting with Merrill Lynch, in New York)

Highlighted Data

Anne-Marie Barker, Vice President

P.O. Box 17229, Washington, DC 20041

(Present in the meeting with the US Department of Education, in Washington DC)

Digital Equipment Corporation

Steven Gutz, Director, AI Laboratory Dr Ivan Sipos, Marketing Consultant, Financial Industries

397 Williams Street, PDMI-2/GI2, Box 1018, Malboro, MA 01752-9118

Patrick J. Sweeney, Securities Industry Consultant Robert A. Cohen, Account Manager

Two Penn Plaza, Sixth Floor, New York, NY 10121

Intel

David Redman, Sales Development Manager

15201 N.W. Greenbier Pkwy, Beaverton, OR 97006

GTE Laboratories

Dr Gabriel Jakobson, Associate Director, Computers and Intelligent Systems Laboratory Dr David S. Prerau, Principal Member of Technical Staff, Computer Science Laboratory Alan Gunderson, Intelligent Systems Laboratory

List of Companies

Sam Levine, Knowledge-based Systems Robert Weihmayer, Senior Knowledge Engineer, Distributed AI

40 Sylvan Road, Waltham, MA 02254

Telenet

Eric L. Scace, Director, Standards & Pre-development Technologies Dr Marco V. Vaca, Director, Technical Planning Ramiro Montesdeoca, Vice President, Strategic Marketing Philip M. Walker, Vice President. External Affairs Stuart Z. Chiron, Senior Regulatory Attorney, Regulatory Affairs

12490 Sunrise Valley Drive, Reston, VA 22096

Federal Communications Commission

Dr Thomas Stanley, Director, Engineering and Technology Division

2025 M Street N. W., Washington, DC 20554

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Dr John E. Ranelletti, Associate Director

361

Dr James R. McGraw, Division Manager, Computing and Mathematics Dr Jane MacFarlane, Knowledge Engineer, Computing and Mathematics

East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550

National Science Foundation

(Teleconferencing Interview) Dr William Wulf, Director, US Supercomputer Centers Program

1800 G Street N. W., Washington, DC 20550

Department of Education

Dr Sheldon Z. Fisher, Director, Technology Resources Center Dr Paul R. Messier, Senior Research Analyst Marilee Zdenek, Research Associate

Research Library, 80 F Street N. W., Washington, DC

University of Maryland

Dr Joe Garman, Linguistic Department, College Park, MD

(From the meeting at the Research Library, US Department of Education)

362 Appendix 2

University of Southern California

Professor Dr Alan Rowe, Professor of Organization and Management Professor Dr Thomas L. Lincoln Dr Lance B. Eliot, Artificial Intelligence Project

Campus of University of Southern California, Los Angeles

Carnegie MeDon University

Professor Dr Raj Reddy, Director of Robotics Institute Dr Robert H. Thibadeau, Director, Intelligent Inspection Laboratory

Wean Hall, Through Street, CMU, Pittsburgh, PA 15213

UBS New York

Dr Markus Sulzberger Edward Dunne Srini S. Vasan Howard HiD Paul Eckstein Dr Christian Gabathuler Dr R. Kraenzlin Fred Kubli Georg ZoDer

299 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10171

JAPAN

Dai-Ichi Kangyo Bank

ShuDSuke Nakasuji, Assistant General Manager Misaki Tanihata, Knowledge Engineer Kenjiro Nakamuta, Knowledge Engineer

Management Information Department, Systems and Operations Planning Division, Tokyo

Sumitomo Bank

Noritsugu Hashimoto, Manager, Systems Development Nobuaki Maeura, Knowledge Engineer

3-2, Marunouchi l-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo

List of Companies

Sanwa Bank

Shoji Sakamoto, Manager, Computer Systems Department

1-I,Otemachi l-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100

Fuji Bank

Katsuzo Yamada, General Manager, Systems Technology Susumu Nakano, Deputy General Manager, Systems Technology

Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo

Mitsubishi Bank

Haruyuhi Okuda, Manager, Planning and Co-ordination Division

2-7-1 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo

39 Nomura Research Institute and

40 Nomura Computer Center Takeshi Shinohara, General Manager, V AN Services Takashi Ochiai, Deputy General Manager, Systems Administration Koh-Ichi Shiozawa, Deputy General Manager, Securities Information Systems Masahiro Muroi, Manager, Systems Planning Ryusuke Kiyono, Manager, R&D

28 Yotsuya 4-chome, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160

Mitsui Bank

Eiichi Veda, Deputy President, Member of the Board Yukihisa Maekawa, General Manager, Corporate Operations Kunihiko Kashinabara, Vice President, Corporate Operations

1-1-2 Yurakucho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo

Mitsubishi Trust and Banking

Takewo Yuni, Chief Information Officer

1-5-4 Kita Aoyama, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107

Nikko Securities

Intelligent Technology Inc. (lTI) Mitsuru Fuji, Nikko Institutional Services

3-1 Marunouchi 3-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100

363

364 Appendix 2

Yasumasa Suzuki, Chief Operating Officer, IT! Ken-Ichi Nishimura, Marketing and Sales, IT!

1-13-19 Sekiguchi Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112

Kyowa Bank

Youchiro Koganezawa, Manager, Planning Department

1-20temachi 1-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo

Sanyo Securities

Shojiro Ono, General Manager, Systems Department

1-8-1 Nihonbashi-Kayabacho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo

Yamaichi Securities

Morihiro Matsumoto, Director, Strategic Product Development Operations

Wako, 33 Bldg, 29-9 Nihonbashi-Kahigaracho, 1-chome Chuo-ku, Tokyo

DEC Japan

Takeshi Wada, Manager, Artificial Intelligence Program

Ogawamachi Mitsui Bldg, 3rd Floor, 1-3 Ogawamachi, Kanda, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101

IBM Japan

Hayashi Horiuchi, Manager, AI Support Program

Ote Center Bldg, 1-3 Otemachi, 1-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo

Nippon Telegraph and Telephone NIT fData Communications Systems Corp. (DCS)

Masao Kimura, Chief Architect and Executive Manager, Intelligent Buildings

Shin-Kasumigaseki Bldg, 3-2 Kasumigaseki 3-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100

Yukio Tanaka, Manager, Financial Systems Division Hiroyuki Fujita, Deputy Manager, Financial Systems Division Nobuaki Mingawa, Research Engineer, Financial Systems Division Yasuo Iwashita, Manager, AI Project, Center for Human Oriented System Technology

No. 17 Mori Bldg, 26-5 Toranomon 1-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo

List of Companies

Oki Electric Industry

Shoichi Abe, Manager, Banking Systems Engineering Department Yuji Matsumura, Assistant Manager, AI Co-ordination Center

10-3 Shibaura 4-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108

Toshiba

Teruyuki Takenami, Director, Banking Systems Division Ohsawa Yoshio, Financial Sector Systems Engineering Ishii Satoru, AI Implementation Specialist Dr Kazuhito Haruki, Manager, Systems and Software Engineering Laboratory Ken-Ichi Hosaka, Manager, Intelligent Building Systems

1-1 Shibaura, l-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-01

Fujitsu Research Institute (FRI)

365

Matsuteru Sekiguchi, Member of the Board of Management FRI Yuzuburo Daito, Senior Researcher, Advanced Information Systems and Economics Minoru Ikeda, Senior Researcher, Financial Systems R&D Group

17-25 Shinkamata, l-chome, Oka-ku, Tokyo 144

NEC Corporation

Kotaro Namba, Marketing Manager, Financial Systems Division Toshiaki Gima, Banks, Insurance and Securities Department Mikito Hirata, Systems Engineering Division Yukiko Nomura, Overseas Project, Financial Systems Division

No.2 Tamachi Bldg, 14-2 Shiba, 4-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo

Hitachi

Hitachi Computer Consultants Dr Fumihiko Mori, Senior Researcher, Systems Development Laboratory 1099 Ohzenji Asao-ku, Kawasaki-Shi; Haruyoshi Yamanouchi, Manager, Banking Systems Department

Hitachi Omori Bekkan, 23-15, 6-chome, Minamiochi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo

MIRI/Mitsubishi Research Institute

Tetsuo Tamai, Manager, Artificial Intelligence Technologies Department Kosumo Takamatsu, AI Project Manager

366 Appendix 2

Toshihiro Yoshida, AI Project Manager

Time and Life Bldg, 3-6 Otemachi, 2-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100

FISC/Center for Financial Industry Information Systems

Hiroshi Shimizu, President Shighisa Hattori, Executive Director and Member of the Board Yoshiake Shinhara, Administration and Planning Mitsuo Komori, Manager, Research Division II Makoto Kohriyama, Manager, Security Division Yoshihiro Kido, Research Executive Mr Furuya, Research Executive

Arc Mori Bldg, 12-32 I-chome Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107

Computer Service Corporation (CSK)

CRI/CSK Research Institute Koji Yada, President of CRI Kenui Okamoto, Managing Director, Tokyo Laboratory

3-22-17 Higashi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo

Institute for Financial Affairs

IFOS Center/ACOM Yoshifumi Ono, Chief Co-ordinator Kazuhiro Kato, Assistant Editor, Information and Education Services Dept Kikuko Konnai, Assistant Editor, Information and Education Services Dept Kazuhiro Isimaru, Assistant Editor, Information and Education Services Dept

19 Minamimoto-Machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160

Akihiro Kawasaki, Project Leader, International Futures and Options Simulation Hiroshi Sudo, Researcher, International Futures and Options Simulation

Institute for Financial Affairs Inc., IFOS Center/ACOM, 2-15-11 Fujini, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102

AI Center (ICOT and JIPDEC)

Takashi Ichikawa, General Manager, Artificial Intelligence Promotion Center Yoshimitsu Hirai, Manager, Open Access Facilities AI Center

Kikai-Shinho Kaikan Bldg, 3-5-8 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo

List of Companies 367

Hosei University

Professor Dr Toshiro Terano, Director, Laboratory of International Fuzzy Engineering

3-7-2 Kajino-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184

UBS Japan

Peter Brutsche, Executive Vice President and Chief Manager, UBS Japan Helmut Laska, Regional Logistics Manager, UBS Japan Dr Peter Berwert, Manager, Regional Information Systems Alister Nicol, Head IS Development David Glass, Head, Information Systems, UBS Trust and Banking Patric Connolly, Manager Research, Public Relations and Advertising Jean-Daniel Piaget, Architect/Real Estate Rika Katharyne Yoshioka, Trainee and Assistant, Japan Area Office

Yamato Seimei Bldg, 1-1-7 Uchisaiwai-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo

ENGLAND AND IRELAND

Lloyds Bank

Mike Flinder, Assistant General Manager, IT Alan Wix, Chief Manager, Development Centre Alan Happer-Smith, Manager, Contract Development Dr Peter D. Dacre, Manager, Knowledge-based Systems

100 Pall Mall, London SW1Y 5HP

Barclays Bank

Peter L. Cloot, Manager, Planning Department

Chatsworth House, 66/70 St Mare Avenue, London, EC3A 8BD

Midland Group

S. A. Chalmers, Group Systems Director of Information Technology

Midland Bank at Poultry, London EC2P 2BX

National Westminster Bank

Rob Shepherd, Manager of Research

P. O. Box 114, Goodmans Fields, 74 Alie Street, London E1 8HL

368 Appendix 2

Hill Samuel

A. C. Reid, Director, Information Systems and Services

100 Wood Street, London EC2P 2AJ

Kleinwort Benson

Richard Lewis, Manager, Communications Planning

20, Fenchurch Street, London EC3P 3DB

Allied Irish Bank

John Timlin, Corporate Information Systems Executive J. J. Prendiville, Manager, Departmental Systems

Bankcentre, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4

Riada and Co.

Algemeine Bank Nederland

(ABN) Ireland G. David Woods, Chief Executive Officer, ABN Ireland Peter Steinstra, Chief Operations Officer John J. O. McCormack, Member of the Board and Director Credit and Corporate Services Th. J. Bark, Member of the Board, ABN Ireland, and Regional Manager/ Europe of the Parent Corporation Sean MacHale, Member of the Board G. T. Paul Conlon, Member of the Board and Chairman of CIE Frank Shanley, Member of the Board and Managing Partner Riada and Co., Stockbrokers

ABN Ireland, 121/122 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2

Bernard Enright, Manager Information Technology

Riada & Co., 28/29 Grafton Street, Dublin 2

The International Stock Exchange

William F. Hopkins, Director, Information Technology Dr Peter M. Bennett, Director Strategic Engineering (the Research Division of ISE) Peter K. Giles, Head Advanced Technology Alan R. Newlands, Strategic Engineering Unit

27 Finsbury Square, London EC2N IHP

List of Companies 369

APACS

J. Michael Williamson, Deputy Chief Executive and Director, Research and Planning

14 Finsbury Square, London EC2A IBR

Marks & Spencer Financial Services

R. S. Platt, Financial Controller

P.O. Box 210, Chester CHI IDS, England

Mercury Asset Management Group Services Ltd (Warburg)

Gordon Lindsay, Director of Technology

33 King William Street, London EC4R 9AS

Reuters

P. A. V. Mannix, International Technical Manager E. Michael King, Technology Expert

85 Fleet Street, London EC4P 4AJ

AI Corp. UK

Clifford I. Spitz, Managing Director Geoffrey Smith, Customer Support Manager

AI Corp. Ltd Station House, 1 Harrow Road, Wembley, Middlesex HA96DE

Arthur Anderson Consulting

Simon Spirgel-Sinclair, Manager, Technology Dawn Smith, Banking Services

2 Arundel Street, London WC2R 3LT

Coopers & Lybrand

Ian L. Briggs, Manager, AI Consulting

Plumtree Court, London EC4A 4HT

Logica Cambridge Limited

Dr Robert Worden, Managing Director

Betjeman House, 104 Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 ILQ

370 Appendix 2

Touche Ross Management Consultants

L. D. C. Rees, Partner Jonathan L. Killin, Expert Systems Specialist Frank R. Hickman, Expert Systems Specialist

Hill House, 1 Little New Street, London EC4A 3TR

Deloitte, Haskins and Sells

Dr Gordon R. Clarke, Manager, Information Technology Group

P.O. Box 198, Hillgate House, London EC4M 7PL

Data Logic

Dr R. J. Burford, Technical Director Alan Bellringer, Group Manager, Advanced Techniques Ian Reid, Consultant Sarah Aylward, Account Manager, Financial Systems

69 Leadenhall Street, London EC3A 2AD

IBM United Kingdom

Dr Vyv Turner, Manager, Knowledge-Based Center Peter R. W. Cox, Marketing, Banking Branch

Hursley Park, Winchester, Hampshire S021 2JN

DEC Europe

Dr Richard F. Mischak

190 High Holborn, London WI

INMOS Ltd

Steven Ericsson-Zenith, Technologist, Architecture Group Steven Burns, Product Marketing

1000 Aztec West, Almondsbury, Bristol BSl2 2SQ

Marks & Spencer

R. S. Platt, Financial Controller

Chester X, CH99 IDS

UBS Phillips and Drew UBS London

List of Companies

H. R. Wolfensberger, Area Director of Logistics and Administration Urs Bryner, Director of Information Technology T. Lowman, Head of IT, UBS Branch K. Edgington, Equities User Representative, Head Divisional Logistics P. Sowray, Debt User Representative M. Harvey, Development Team Debt Bradley Cole, Client Support Rod Rodrigo, Assistant to Mr Bryner

Box. No. 428, 122 Leadenhall Street, London EC3W 4QL

WEST GERMANY

Deutsche Bank

Friedheim Hesse, First Vice President, Director Computer Operations Helmut P. L. Schnitzer, First Vice President, Director Organization Department

Stuttgarter Strasse 16-24, D-6236 Eschborn (Taunus)

Dresdner Bank

Helmut Kuerzdoerfer, Manager, New Technologies Alfred Groll, Manager, Telecommunications

luergen-Ponto-Platz 1, 6000 Frankfurt 11

Bank fur Gemeinwirtschaft

Eva Goeritz, Manager, Distributed Information Systems Kurt Theurer, Organization Department

Theaterplatz 2,6000 Frankfurt 1

Kundenkreditbank

Franz Theodor Lenz, Branch Manager (personal interview)

Zeil44, 6000 Frankfurt 1

Mr Gruendl, Data Processing Manager (telephone interview)

P.O. Box 4911, 4000 Duesseldorf 1

371

372 Appendix 2

Betreibswirtschaftliches Institut der Deutschen Kreditgenossenschaften (BIK)

Hans-Joerg Christ, Product Development

Am Platz der Republik (im Hause DG Bank), 6000 Frankfurt 1

Post Bank

Dr Reinhold Echter, Director of Commercial/Marketing division Dr Heinz G. Schild, Advisor on Development and Innovation to the Bundespost Bank

Bundesministerium fur das Post-und Fernmeldewesen, Heinrich-von­Stephan-Str. 1, Bad Godesberg, 5300 Bonn 2

Bayerische Hypotheken-Bank

Dr rer.nat. Karl-Rudolf Moll, General Manager, Organization and Computers

Arabellastrasse 12, 8000 Munich 81

Bayerische Vereinsbank

Dr Eberhard Rauch, General Manager, Organization and Information Systems

Sederanger 5, 8000 Munich 22

Institut fur Organisationsforschung and Technologieanwendung (lOT)

Dr Stefan Sorg, General Manager

Kaestlenstrasse 32, 8000 Munich

Telenorma

Dr Klaus Autenreitb, Manager of Software Development

Kleyerstrasse 94, 6000 Frankfurt

Siemens AG

Walter V. Pattay, Chief Engineer, Telecommunications Egon Bohlaender, Manager, Systems Group, Communications Networks Clemens M. Wieseotte, Department Head, Artificial Intelligence Eckart J. Schroer, Sales Engineer, UBS Germany Account

Roedelheimer Landstrasse 5-9, 6000 Frankfurt 90

List of Companies

Peter Wuesten, General Manager, Data Systems Division Dr Peter Mueller-Stoy, Director Information Technology Dieter E. Nebendahl, Co-ordinator, Expert Systems Development Dr Peter G. Moeckel, Deputy Director, Corporate Research and Technology/Image Processing

Otto-Hahn Ring 6,8000 Munich 83

UBS Germany

Mr von Scheliha, Director of Information Technology

Postfach 10 20 63, 23 Landstrasse, 6000 Frankfurt/Main 17

373

Index

accidents, automobile 42, 258, 273 ACE 285 ACLASS (Automatic Message-

Classification Software) 320 acquisitions 35, 250 Advanced Expert System 88 Advanced Systems Group (ASG)

69-70,88 Advanced Technology Group

(ATG) 53-5 Advanced Telecommunications

Research (ATR) Institute 75, 324-5

advice qualifiers 249 Advisory jHelp Desk expert

system 133, 303 AEditor 44 Aetna Insurance 43-4 agricultural loans 252-4 AI, importance in banking 4-8 AI Center, Japanese 75, 108-10, 353-4 AI dedicated user processor (AIjDUP)

323 Air Force, US 352-3 air traffic controllers 339 Allied Irish Bank 132-3, 264, 303 Alvey Project 126 America, Bank of see Bank of America American Express 26,41-2, 124-5

Authoriser's Assistant 6, 39-41, 231-6

AMTS expert system products 322-4 ANDES 118, 251-2 annuities 180 Annuity Consultation System 186, 187 ANSER 117, 179,245-6 AOS (Automated Operations

System) 303 AP ACS (Association for Payment

Clearing Services) 135-40 arbitrage/anomaly switching 134 Architectural System Planning and

Development 130 Arthur Anderson 186,210,232,241 'assistant to' approach 169-75

see also Authorisers' Assistants

Association for Payment Clearing Services (APACS) 135-40

ATRANS 317-20,321,330 Audit Personnel Scheduler 274-5 auditing 55-6, 220, 274-8 Austrian Savings Bank 254 Authorisers' Assistants 6, 39-41, 230-6 Automated Lobby Information System

(ALIS) 244 automated teller machines (ATM) 238,

243 automated trading 69, 70 automatic numbering and inquiry

115-16 automatically translating telephone

system 324-5

backoffice 238, 286-90 coordination with frontdesk 290-3

BACS (Bankers' Automated Clearing Services) 138, 142

balance sheet analysis 200-5 Banca Nazionale del Lavoro 157,300-2 Bank of America 26, 47-8, 50-3, 60,

288,297 learning from AI experience 164 Lending Advisor 50-1, 66 Letter of Credit Advisor 197-8,292

Bank of Bilbao 152 Bank of England 121 Bank fUr Gemeinwirtschaft 154 Bank ofIreland 133 Bank of Tokyo 79 Bankers Trust 62-3, 209 Bantec 288-90 Barc1ays Bank 129,211-12,232,273

staff housing loans 223-4 Barra 142 Bayerische Hypotheken Bank

(Hypobank) 157-9 Bayerische Vereinsbank 157, 158,

159-60 BBN Laboratories 268, 269, 270 Bear Sterns 224, 225 Bechtel Institute 297 Behavioural Scoring 123-5

374

Index 375

Belgium, General Bank of 308, 319-20 Bennett, P. M. 143, 276 Best Planner 83, 176-8 Betriebswirtschaftliches Institut der

Kreditgenossenschaften (BIK) 155-7

Bilbao, Bank of 152 BISON (Branch Information System

Online) 159 bombs, flying 162 Bond Analysis 113 Bond Issue Support 113 Bond Selection for Underwriting 82-3 Born, G. 121 BRAAD 289-90 Briggs, I. 264 builder bonds 180 Bundespost 150 business meetings planning 334, 339 BZW 273

Caisse d'Epargne 222, 223 California Data Network (CON) 50 capital asset expert system

(CASES) 302 car accidents 42, 258, 273 Carnegie Mellon University

(CMU) 299, 325, 338 case-based reasoning 266-7 cash dispensers 243 CBT (computer-based training) 340,

342-7 CD-ROM

computer-based training 345-6 part number inquiry 115-16

Center for Financial Industry Information Systems (FISC) 80, 105-8, 120

certificate control 59 certificates of deposit (CD) 180 CHAPS (Clearing House Automated

Payment System) 138-9, 142 Chase Manhattan 71-2 Check Card Policy Committee 138 Checker of Purchasing Orders for

Consistency 43, 299 Chemical Banking 26, 53-6, 157

Forex auditing 31, 55-6, 272 security auditing 56, 309

cheque handling 42, 288-90 Child Committee 135 Chorafas, D. N. 95, 144, 260, 354

CIM (computer-integrated manufacturing) 34, 74,241-2

Citibank 26, 32-4, 60, 98 APACS 136, 137 backoffice 238; coordination with

frontdesk 291 CIM 242 closure of trading operations 242,

260 credit cards 231, 232 KKB 147,149 PCs 13 planning system 74 signature recognition 160, 288 telex payments 308

CitiExpert 33 Citimax 184 claims assessment 258 clearing, expert system for 59 client profile analyser 167, 168, 170-2,

227-9 CLSB (Committee of London and

Scottish Bankers) 136, 144 CMU (Carnegie Mellon

University) 299, 325, 338 Cognitive Systems 317,319,320 commercial lending 194, 195 common stocks 181 common systems 36, 130

see also integration communication 23 Communications Edge 334, 339 community intelligence 22 company operated and maintained

networks (COAM) 308 comparative negligence 42, 273 compliance 30-1, 273

Barclays Bank and securities dealers 129

Salomon Brothers 71 computer-based training (CBT) 340,

342-7 computer centre, AI assistance to

300-3 computer-integrated manufacturing

(CIM) 34, 74, 241-2 consumer lending see credit; lending

advisors; mortgages; personal loans contrarian policy 336, 354 convertible bonds 180 Coopers and Lybrand 216,264-8 Corporate AI expert system 130 Corporate Banking expert system 130

376 Index

corporate bonds 180 corporate decision rooms 118-19 corporate lending 194,205-1I corporation tax 269 cost control 35 cost curve 15-17 credit

Chase Manhattan 71 Hypobank 158 letters of 197-8, 291-2 Marks and Spencer 123-4 Wells Fargo 66 see also lending

credit cards 130 Authorisers' Assistants 6, 39-40,

230--6 Diamond Credit 78-9, 81, Ill, 124,

225-30 Midland Bank 130 see also American Express

credit scoring 72, 78, 213-14, 228 Credit Suisse 157 Credit Transfer clearing systems 138 creditworthiness 211-14 cross-fertilisation 47 CSK Research Institute (CRI) 11I-12,

244-5 cultural change 13-14 culture, German banks and 158, 160 Currency Clearings Committee 138 curriculum for knowledge

engineers 349-52 customer interface 276 customer profile analyser 167, 168,

170-2, 227-9 customer-processed forms,

handling 59 Customer Services expert system 52

Dai-Ichi Kangyo Bank 60,96, 97, 98, 99-101

Loan Expert 99, 100,216 taxation 262

Daimler Benz 154 Data Communications Systems

Corporation (DCS) 117-18 Data Logic 249, 273 data processing see DP database computers 26, 66--8 Database Directory 110 Database Promotion Center

(DPC) 1I0

Database Service Industry Association (DINA) 1I0

databases 303-7 consolidation 131 growth 60 lending and 203-4;

creditworthiness 212-13 management 64 public llO

Davies, J. 125 DCS (Data Communications Systems

Corporation) 117-18 dealers, training for Forex 334-8 DEC (Digital Equipment

Corporation) 73-4, 242 Expense Control 73, 275--6 fault finders 298, 299 Japan 112-13 Loan Advisor 73-4, 215 training for knowledge

engineers 349 decision support systems (DSS) 64 decision trees 229-30 delinquent accounts 220 DEMOS 241 Department of Education, US 340-2 Department of Health and Social

Security (DHSS) 277...fO Deutsche Bank 151-2 Diamond Credit 78-9, 81, Ill, 124,

225-30 Digital Equipment Corporation see

DEC Di Nardo, George II Diners Club 231 direct debits 139-40 Discovery 305--6 divisionalisation 63, 65 DKB Group 97-8

see also Dai-Ichi Kangyo Bank domain experts 4

cross-fertilisation 47 development of expert systems

by 354 lending 199 taxation 266 training and 339

Dow Jones Information Systems 30 DP, classical

compared with human window 21-2 operations 286-93

DP centre, AI assistance to 300-3 Dr Nenkin 99, 187-8

Index 377

Dresdner Bank 151, 152-4 DRESS 241 Dube, Jiirgen 11 earnings, estimation of 174-5 EDGAR database 210 Education, US Department of 340-2 EFT/POS 6, 138, 139,239 Electronic Country Club Dealing

(ECCD) 41,236 Electronic Data Interchange

(ED!) 137-8 Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT)

238-9 see also EFT/POS

electronic mail 119 electronic messaging 33, 71-2, 129,

308-32 electronic tellers (ET) 243-7 end user, expert system development

and 20-4, 162-3, 250-1 England, Bank of 121 entropy 236 equity valuation 185-92 EQUUS 134, 184-5 ERMA project 288 ESCORT 293-7 European languages, translation

of 328-32 examinations, JIPDEC 109-10 EXCORE 327-8 expense control 73, 275-6 experience, expertise and 267 Expert Configura tor (XCON) 299 ExperTAX 264-8 EXTEL 150

face lifting 236 false system 306-7 Famicom 179-80 fault finding 38,293-300 Feigenbaum, E. 11, 145-6, 164, 234 Fidelity Brokerage Services 169 5th generation languages (5GL) 17, 20 filtering system for information 276 financial performance, technological

leadership and 48 Financial Research Institute 79 Financial Statement Analyzer

(FSA) 30, 210-11 Finland 253 Finsbury Data Services 325 First Boston 48

FISC (Center for Financial Industry Information Systems) 80, 105-8, 120

flying bombs 162 Ford Motor Company 17,286 foreign exchange (Forex) 46

American Express 41 auditing 31, 55-6, 272 Midland Bank 130-1 Security Pacific 37, 38-9 training for dealers 334-8

form identification and filing 115-16 formalisation of information 205-6 France 222 franchising 241 fraud

control 31 detection 37, 232-3, 249, 274, 302

frontdesk/backoffice coordination 290-3

FSA (Financial Statement Analyzer) 30, 210-11

Fuji Bank 87,89-90,96, 190 Fujita, M. 236 Fujitsu 113-14 functionality 28-9 fund management 185-92 future options dealing support

system 83 Fuyo Group 86-7

see also Fuji Bank; Yamaichi Securities

fuzzy inquiry 116 fuzzy sets 34, 182, 207-8

Gemeinwirtschaft, Bank fUr 154 Gemini Help Desk 44 General Bank of Belgium 308,319-20 General Electric 288 gilt selection 183 gilts and equities dealing 133 Ginnie Maes 180 Global Risk Managment 338 Goldman Sachs 26,47-50 golf course development 251-2 Great Western Bank 26, 53, 56-7

mortgage loans 9,224 project management 284-5

GTE Laboratories 73, 305

handholding 199 Hattori, S. 105, 106, 107

378 Index

health information 256 Health and Social Security, Department

of (DHSS) 277-8 help constructs 338 Help Desk

Allied Irish Bank 133, 303 Citibank 33 Great Western Bank 57 IEFCARES 303 Lloyds Bank 127-8, 333 Merrill Lynch 59,303

heuristic inferencing 348 HICATS/EJ 326-7 Hill Samuel 134 Hitachi 1I4-15, 186

automatic numbering and inquiry 115-16

Kasumi supermarkets 239,240 language translation 326 loan expert systems 206-7, 221 reinsurance 258-60 taxation 261-2

human window classical DP queries compared

with 22 lending 195,200-2,225

hype lo-lI, 123, 125 Hypercard 341-2 Hypobank (Bayerische Hypotheken

Bank) 157-9

IBM 49, 241, 302-3, 306 CASES 115, 302 European banks 163-4 Japan 116-17,258 retailers 240

IBRO (Inter-Bank Research Organisation) 136

ICL 298 ICOT (New Generation Computer

Institute) 75, 108 ICOT-JIPDEC AI Center 75, 108-10,

353-4 IDA (Intelligent Database

Assistant) 73, 305 IEFCARES (Information Engineering

Facility/Customer Response Expert System) 303

image processing/imaging 9,26 American Express 41,236 Bank of America 52-3 Chemical Banking 55 Great Western Bank 56

Prudential Insurance 43 Security Pacific 35-6

income tax 263-4 Individual Retirement Account

(IRE) 176 Industrial Bank of Japan 96 industrial visits 339-40 inference 348 Inference Corporation 39 information, exploiting for lower

risk 205-1I information crimes 282 information filtering system 276 information services 61-2 inheritance mechanism 185 inheritance tax 261-2,263 innovation 29-30

return on investment 17-19 insurance underwriting 254-60

see also Underwriter's Assistant Integral 25 88 integration 215-16

common systems 36, 130 database 131 Japanese banks 80

Integrative Bond System (IBS) 87 Intellect human interface 37 intelligent buildings 1I8 Intelligent Database Assistant

(IDA) 73, 305 intelligent optical character recognition

(I/OCR) 246-7 Interactive Simulation 343-5 Interactive Stock System (ISS) 87 Interactive Videodisks 345, 346 Interbanking Committee on Expert

Systems Implementation 106, 107 Internal Revenue Service (IRS) 268-72 International Stock Exchange

(ISE) 121, 135, 140-4,273-4,276 intrapreneurial approach 24, 25 investment advisors 33, 147-9, 167-92 investment in expert systems, return

on 17-20 Investors Express 169 Ireland, Bank of 133

Japan bank sizes 96 credit card business 226-7 government and AI culture 108-10 language translation 324-8 technology usage 75-81,97, 107-8

Index 379

Japan Development Bank 79 Japan Information Processing Develop­

ment Center (JIPDEC) 108, 109 ICOTjJIPDEC AI Center 75,

108-10, 353-4 Japanese Agency for Industrial Science

and Technology (JAIST) 108 journalisation of loans 218-19 judgement, credit and 227 Julius Baer Bank 203

Kasumi supermarket chain 239 Keogh investment plans 176 Kleinwort Benson 134 knock-out criteria 250-1 knowledge-based technologies, benefits

from 13-17 knowledge engineering, compared with

system analysis 46-7 knowledge engineers 4

training 347-54 knowledge refinement 181-2 Kondo, Y. 75 Kreditgenossenschaften 155-7 Kundenkreditbank (KKB) 33, 145,

147-9 Kwast, H. S. van der 260 Kyoei Life Insurance 79 Kyowa Bank 99, 103-4

Laboratory for International Fuzzy Engineering (LIFE) 75, 88, 108

LAN Monitor expert system 297 language translation 324-32 LASC 306-7 Lavoro, Banca Nazionale del 157,

300-2 Lawrence Livermore National

Laboratory (LLNL) 278-81 leases, acceptance of 247-50 lending advisor 193-214

agricultural 252-4 Bank of America 50-I Bardays Bank 129,223-4 corporate 194, 205-11 DEC 73-4 decision layers and private 215-36 Dai-Ichi Kangyo Bank 99, 100, 216 Wells Fargo 66 see also credit

letters of credit 197-8,291-2 LIFE (Laboratory for International

Fuzzy Engineering) 75, 88, 108

life insurance 254-8 Lincoln Insurance 256-7 LLNL (Lawrence Livermore National

Laboratory) 278-81 Lloyds Bank 127-9, 241, 333 Lockheed 31 Logica 276, 277 Long Term Credit Bank of Japan

(LTC B) 204 Lufthansa 154-5

MACH 250 Machine Translation and Analysis of

Natural Language (METAL) 329-32

Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR) 288

maintenance cost reduction 20 management, expert system

implementation and 147, 160-1, 198-9

management in IT 85-6 man-machine interaction 200-2 man-machine interfaces 37, 52 Manufacturers Hanover Trust 73, 94 manufacturing 73-4, 241-2 marketing 239-42 Marks and Spencer 121, 123-7, 232 Massachusetts Indemnity and Life

Insurance Company (MILlCO) 257-8

Massachusetts Mutual Insurance Company 346-7

MATIAS 253-4 McCorduck, P. 164 McDonalds 242 MCI International (MCII) 322 medical information 256 Meiji Life Insurance 79 Mellon Bank 19,26,49, 59-62,212 Mercury Asset Management 134 mergers and acquisitions (M&A) 250 Merrill Lynch 49, 57-9, 303 messaging, electronic 33, 71-2, 129,

308-32 Messerschmitt B61kow Blohn

(MBB) 154 METAL (Machine Translation and

Analysis of Natural Language) 329-32

Midland Bank 130-1,297, 334 MILICO (Massachusetts Indemnity and

Life Insurance Company) 257-8

380 Index

Mindprober 334 MIRI see Mitsubishi Research

Institute MIT! 110 Mitsubishi Bank 81-3,96, 230, 232

Bond Issue Support 113 electronic messaging 309 fund management 186 underwriting 160

Mitsubishi Electric 285 Mitsubishi Research Institute (MIRI)

corporate loan advisor 209 Diamond Credit 111,225-30 Investment Advisor 171-2 taxation 262-3

Mitsubishi Trust and Banking (MTB) 81,84-6

Mitsui Bank 99, 102-3 electronic messaging 309 ESCORT 293-7 loan expert system 2l3-14 M&A 250

Mitsui Group 99 Money Lending expert system 129,

223-4 see also lending advisor

Money Market Operations l33 Monitor Directory Project 276 Morgan, 1. P. (Bank) 157 Morgan Stanley 48,69-70 mortgages 58,222-5 municipal bonds 180 mutual funds 181

NASA 108 National Westminster Bank (NatWest)

l31-2, 334, 341-2 NEC 118-19,246

language translation 324, 327 loan expert systems 207-8, 209

Nederlandse Middenstand Bank (NMB) 247-9

negligence, comparative 42, 273 networks, security and 282 neural networks 34, 182 Neuro-Fuzzy System Institute of France

108 New Generation Computer

Institute see ICOT New York Life 257 night processing of telexes 314-15, 316 Nii, P. 164 Nikko-Barra 142

Nikko Securities 81, 83-4, 114, l33, 333

Best Planner 83, 175-8 NINA 285 Nippon Life Insurance 256 Nishi-Nippon Bank 261-2 Nissan Motors 115-16 Nomura Research Institute (NRI) Ill,

239 Nomura Securities 113, l33, 178-80,

274-5 Norinchukin (Agricultural) Bank 96 normalisation of information 205--6 NTT Data 117-18,241,245,247,324

ANDES 251-2 balance sheet analysis 204-5

Office of Educational Research and Improvement 340--1

Officevision 49 OKI Electric 118-19, 285, 327 Okobank 252,253-4,260 Olivetti 300 Open House, AI 108-9, 353 optical character recognition (OCR)

288 OS/2 49 OTT Trading System 83, 333 Outpatient Pre-Certification Protocol

44

Pacific Stock Exchange 5 parts retrieval 115-16 Passport 91, 94, 95, 169 pattern recognition, investment advisors

and 191 patterns of usage, credit card 231-2 payment receipt and balancing 219-20 payment systems 127

British l35-40 Payroll and Personnel Management 51 PCs (personal computers)

see workstations PENSEE 327 pension advisors 43, 186-8 personal loans 215-21

see also lending advisors personnel management 37, 51 Pesenti, C. 340 Peterson, D.l. 36, 57 PIVOT 327 PKBanken 200, 202 planning, DEC's expert system 74 platform banking 19-20

Index 381

Plumpicker 70 point of sale (POS) terminals 239

see also EFT/POS portfolio management 90, 134, 185-92 portfolio theory 188 positioning of banks IO-II,47 possibilistic approaches 190 possibility theory see fuzzy sets Post Bank 150-1 preferred stocks 181 Prets Conventionnes 222, 223 printed circuit boards 298 product development 29 product matching 241 product pricing 74 programming 339 project management 284-6 PROMPTER 285-{) Property and Casualty Advisor 42, 277 Prudential Insurance Company 26, 31,

42-3, 273, 277 checker of purchasing orders for

consistency 43, 299 cheque handling 42, 288-90

public companies, investment in 172-3 public databases 110

Quality Assurance Checker 298 Quotron 143

radar charts 92-3, 196--7 RAROC (risk adjusted return on

capital) 209 reading ratio 313-14 real estate 37, 51-2, 250-2 recognition rules 312 reconciliation 273 Recoveries Analyser 129, 232 Reed, J. 242 reinsurance retention 258-60 Repository 60-1 research institutes, Japanese 110-l2 retailing 239-41 return on investment (ROI) 17-20 Reuters 142, 143, 276, 299-300, 325 reverse engineering 20 Riada Securities 133-4, 183-4, 263-4 risk 50

control 139 exploiting information for lower

205-II global management 338 insurance underwriting and 254-6,

260

investment advisors and 183, 184 Risk Management Committee 80, 106 Royal Bank of Scotland 297 rulebooks, automation of existing

146--7

SAFE 322-4 sales trends 240-1 Salomon Brothers 70-1 Sanwa Bank 96, 102, 186, 188 Sanwa Group 98 Sanyo Securities 90-5, 169 scheduling expert system 239 Seafirst Bank 72 SEAQ 141-2 securities assistant 33 Securities Association, The (TSA) 121 Securities and Exchange Commission

(SEC) 30, 71, 210 Securities Investment Board (SIB) 121 securities traders, training for 337-8 security 278-83

database 305-7 messages 324

security auditing expert system 56, 309 Security Pacific 26, 34-9, 62, 274, 288 Security Pacific Automation

Company 36--7,62 self-service banking 90

see also automated teller machines Seven-Eleven supermarket chain 239 Share Shops 133 Shearson Lehman 48, 175 Shimizu, H. 105, 106 Siemens 250, 328, 329 signature verification 57 SIRNIS (Sanyo Investment Research

New Information System) 90-5 small business loans 193-4 SMART FS (Society for the Manage­

ment of AI Resources and Tech­nology in Financial Services) 45

sophisticated investors 180-5 sophistication of expert systems 30, 31 speech recognition 325 spreadsheets, balance sheet analysis with

200-5 staff housing loans 129, 223-4 standardised estimate momentum 175 standardised unexpected earnings 175 Steinmann, H. 95,260 stock selection 93-4, 114 store management 239-40 substitution, ROI and 17-18, 20

382 Index

Sumitomo Bank 96,98, 101-2,200 TEXPERT 113, 309, 310-17

Sumitomo Group 98 Sumitomo Marine and Fire

Insurance 207 supercomputers 52, 77 suspense journals 219 SWIFT 308,308-9,322 Swiss Bank Corporation 152 Swiss Reinsurance 254 system analysis, classical, compared with

knowledge engineering 46-7 System Engineering and Programmers' /

Analysts' Examinations 109-10 systems development documentation

expert system 56, 284

Taiyo Kobe Bank 99 Tarnai, T. 236 taxation 51, 133, 261-72 Technical Analysis and Reasoning

Assistant (TARA) 45-6, 73 Technical Environment Scanning

study 59-60 Technology Resources Center 341 technology

growth and sophistication 11-12 usage: Germany 145-6;

Japan 75-81,97,107-8; UK 121-3, 126-7; US 26-32

telephone system, automatically translating 324-5

telex 71-2, 308-32 tellers, electronic 243-7 Teradata 66-8 Terano, T. 108 Testkey Extractor 320-2 Texas Instruments 303 TEXPERT 113,309,310-17,330 TIPI 222-3,225 TOES (Transamerica Occidental Expert

System) 257 Tokai Bank 96, 221 Tokyo, Bank of 79 Tokyo Marine and Fire 79 Tokyo Stock Exchange 142-3 Toshiba 118-19, 293 Touche Ross 232 Town Clearing 138-9 training 50-1, 52, 100--1,243, 333-54 Transamerica Occidental Life Insurance

Company 257 translation of languages 324-32

Travel Related Services (TRS) 42,232, 235

Travellers Insurance 46 trouble shooting 38, 293-300 TRW Information Services 305-6 TSA (The Securities Association) 121 TTl 32 TURBOJET 257-8 Turing test 145

Uccel Corporation 244 uncertainty 23-4

see also risk Underwriter's Assistant 43, 273 Union Bank of Switzerland (UBS) 8 unit trusts 181 United Kingdom

payments system 135-40 technology usage 121-3, 126-7

United States Air Force 352-3 tax reform 269, 270 technology usage 26-32

user, expert system development and 20-4, 162-3, 250-1

utility stocks 181

VI (flying bomb) 162 voice recognition 66 Voice Twin 246-7

Weeks, L.G. 46 Wells Fargo 50, 63-8 Wesbank 211-12 White Knight 70 Williamson, J. M. 137, 139 Wilson, C. 242, 260 work groups 345 workstations (WS) 146,291

Goldman Sachs 49-50 security 281-2 Yamaichi Securities 89

XCON 299

Yada, Mr 112 Yamaichi Securities 49, 77, 87-9, 108,

190-1 Yasuda Trust 87 YES-MVS 302-3

Zimmerman, Professor 211