APLIC 2014 - HINARI experience in Bangladesh

A study on the use and impact of HINARI: Bangladesh Perspective

Presented

by

Md. Nazim Uddin, PhDSenior Manager

Library and Information Services Section(LISS)icddr,b

Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212Bangladesh

http://www.icddrb.org

“HINARI makes life easy for the scientist.”

April 10, 2023, Slide- 1

Fig. 1: Main Theme of HINARI/Welfare of Human Beings



“why was HINARI begun? And how has such access impacted developing country health care and research?”

Part 1: HINARI history Outline Background history of WHO collaboration with publishers Eligibility under World Bank GNI guidelines Partners with institutions and publishers Contents of scientific resources Registration procedures and corollary activities

Part 2: Study of the 10 year impact of HINARI HINARI influence upon research activities in Bangladesh with a special reference to icddr,b impact of e-resources and services on the academic work of researchers Benefit of HINARI in Bangladesh and icddr,b.


History of WHO HINARI collaboration with major scientific publishers

The Health Access to Research programme (HINARI) provides free or very low cost online access to the major journals in biomedical and related social sciences to local, not-for-profit institutions in developing countries.

HINARI was launched in January 2002 for “free access” countries (Band 1 includes Bangladesh)

In Jan. 2003 HINARI launched to “low-cost" countries (Band 2).

Originator of HINARI is MR. KOFI ANNAN, former Secretary General of the United Nations, who took the initiative in order to reduce the gap of research information between developed and developing nations.

• Source: http://www.who.int/hinari/about/en/

Target set for HINARI completion with MDGs was 2015. Appeal for extension up to 2030. Now extended up to 2020.


Source: http://www.who.int/hinari/en/

HINARI Website


EligibilityHINARI Core Offer includes two groups of countries, areas, or

territories (Group A and Group B)• Countries, areas, or territories with a total GNI above US$ 1 trillion

are not eligible for HINARI regardless of other factors• Group A countries have GNI per capita is at or below $1600; eligible

for free access.

a) UN Least Developed Country List and/or

b) Human Development Index (HDI) is at or less than 0.50 and/or

c) Total Gross National Income (GNI) is at or less than US$ 150 billion where: o HDI is at or less than 0.63 and/or o Gross National Income per capita (GNIpc) is at or less than US$ 1600

Lists of countries, areas and territories: http://www.who.int/hinari/eligibility/en/


Bangladesh


Eligibility

• Eligible categories of institutions are: national universities research institutes professional schools (medicine, nursing, pharmacy, public health,

dentistry) teaching hospitals government: ministries and agencies national medical libraries locally based non-governmental agencies

All permanent and visiting faculty, staff members and students areentitled to access and can obtain the institutional User Name and password.


Partners

Major Publishers Elsevier Science Springer (not available from

Bangladesh) Wiley-Blackwell Sage Taylor & Francis Lippincott/Williams & Wilkins BioOne Oxford University Press Nature Publishing Other science/technical/ medical

publishers

Source: http://extranet.who.int/hinari/en/partners.php

Program Partners World Health Organization – WHO Yale University Library International Association of Scientific, Technical and

Medical Publishers – STM Microsoft Food and Agriculture Org. – FAO United Nations Environment Programme – UNEP Information Training and Outreach Centre for Africa National Library of Medicine Mann Library/Cornell University Librarians Without Borders/MLA


HINARI Contents

• Anthropology• Biology• Chemistry• Clinical Science• Dentistry• Education & Library Science• Engineering• Environmental Science and Geography• Epidemiology• HIV/AIDS• Life Science• Medicine• Microbiology

• Nursing• Nutrition• Pediatrics• Psychology• Public Health• Radiology• Science• Social sciences• Surgery• Toxicology• Tropical Medicine• Urology• Zoological science


Registration to Research4Life

•


Accessing E-resources in Bangladesh

• 1996 First Internet access in Bangladesh

• 2002 launching Oxford University Press web with 158 full-text e-

journals.

• 2003 first enrollment in HINARI in Bangladesh

• 2007 Initiative of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences. Started Bangladesh INASP-PERI Consortium (BIPC) for reduced prices

• 2009 Initiative of Bangladesh UGC. Higher Education Quality Enhancement Project (HEQEP) for Bangladesh is to improve the quality and relevance of the teaching and research environment in higher education institutions.


Part 2: Objectives of the impact study

• Assess HINARI influence upon research activities in Bangladesh with a special reference to icddr,b.

• Gauge impact of e-resources and services on the academic work of researchers by using HINARI.

• Demonstrate the benefit of HINARI in Bangladesh and icddr,b.


Methodology of the studyanalysing qualitative and quantitative data

• Literature searches on Google, Google Scholar, PubMed, HINARI platform, ISI Web of Knowledge, data from WHO, and Scopus databases depicted publications history

• WHO HINARI staff supplied usage data over the 10 years

• Structured Questionnaire and personal observation methods carried out in user population of icddr,b staff members.

• A total of 150 questionnaires are distributed among the respondents out of which 90 are returned.

• Data on publications and citations of four institutes, i.e. BSMMU, DU, BRAC, & icddr,b, of Bangladesh were taken from the databases of ISI Web of Knowledge and Scopus.


Challenges and opportunities for HINARI continuation

• Springer (2006) and Lippincott Williams Wilkins (2008) withdrew their access from HINARI program (WHO asked to pay US$ 100,000 per year to Springe to Springerr and up to 2013 already paid US$ 700,000).

• On 4th January 2011 four publishers i.e. American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Society for Animal Science, Elsevier Science, and Thomson Scientific (available limited part) blocked their access to HINARI from Bangladesh. Elsevier Science tried to join UGC Consortium of Bangladesh, but not able to join.

• This blockage created a massive blow for icddr,b researchers.

• icddr,b researcher, Dr. Tracey Lynn Perez Koehlmoos, and former Editor of BMJ Dr. Richard Smith posted outrage at HINARI blockage on the HIFA 2015 List Serve Group and gathered scientists opposition against this bad decision.


Challenges continued

• Dr. Tracey described the situation as “very discouraging” as there was not even access of their own papers.

• As an outcome, one editorial and one comment published in Lancet, one comment posted in BMJ blog, another comment was posted in PLOS Guest Blog and also one news was published in British Medical Journal.

• Elsevier also gave their statement in the Lancet regarding the blockage.

• Elsevier Science returned to HINARI on 19th January 2011.

• Also Lippincott Williams Wilkins reopened access to their journals through HINARI in March 2011.

• A significant journal titled Lancet is now available on online free of cost.

• icddr,b benefits as well as other Bangladesh HINARI enrollment grows.


Training Impact of HINARI

• Icddr,b library organized many training programs on HINARI for their staff and library users since 2005. Users increase.

• The Centre for Medical Education [NHLDC] offers CME courses and also organizes such HINARI training under the sponsorship of WHO since 2006.

• Bangladesh Medical Research Council, Director General of Health office Bangladesh and BSMMU (public medical university) also conduct training of their staff on the use of e-resources including HINARI since 2011.


Chart 1: Logged in status of HINARI users of top 50 institutions in Bangladesh

Source: HINARI Team, World Health Organization; Data collected: 18 February 2013


Chart 2: Logged in status of top 10 organizations/institutions (2007-2012)



Chart 3: Users of HINARI in Bangladesh Districts



Chart 4: Logged in HINARI status of icddr,b from Bangladesh in 2013

Source: HINARI Team, World Health Organization; Data collected: 31 March 2014


Status of HINARI usage in icddr,b based on questionnaire


Chart 5: Questionnaires receiving status in survey


Chart 6: Gender composition of respondents in survey


Chart 7: Categories of scientific staff members responding to survey


Chart 8: How respondents know about HINARI platform


Chart 9: Frequency of HINARI use


Chart 10: Desire of researchers for publishing more papers through accessing HINARI


Chart 11: Top reasons for using HINARI


Chart 12: Use of different databases by respondents


Chart 13: E-book usage status through HINARI


Chart 14: Cochrane library usage status through HINARI


Chart 15: Effectiveness of HINARI for accessing E-resources


Publications and citations status based on ISI Web of Knowledge Database


Economic impact of HINARI

• Reducing financial barriers to scholarship.

• Encouraging institutions/organizations of developing countries to develop telecommunication infrastructures.

• Allowing access to full-text biomedical journals through HINARI.

• Reducing journals subscription for individual library.

• From Bangladesh, more than 260 libraries are participating in HINARI programme, but maximum 60 libraries may subscribe journals for their respective libraries. Rest of libraries are fully dependent on HINARI.

Economic Impact


Economic Impact


Value of HINARI keeping in mind no longer had access to HINARI

“This would hamper my prompt requirement , there by delaying the progress of my manuscript preparation or any other related work.”

“It would have a major damaging effect on our research. We would have to request library staff to buy articles from our library or abroad, and the costs would be prohibitive.”

“The value of HINARI of our work place is very useful for scientific research work. Therefore, no access to HINARI will definitely hamper our scientific research work and productivity.”

“HINARI has been found most useful by me for downloading full papers, which are not available in our [print] library. “

“If HINARI is no longer accessed, I would not be able to gather knowledge of the recent findings of interested fields. Students will be affected mostly in Bangladesh and in other developing countries. It would affect downloading desired papers freely.”

“HINARI is a great support for scientific works. Without access to HINARI more efforts and time would be needed for promotion of scientific work.”

“ It is very important and useful for preparing proposals for funding as well as for writing manuscripts”


Comments of icddr,b scientists about HINARI

“This is very useful. Most of the researchers from my group use HINARI on a regular basis. I cannot imagine anything without HINARI”

I am very much used to HINARI and I need to use this every day for my research work. It would very difficult for me to continue my research work without using HINARI.

“An excellent resource that is vital to efficient research.”

This is a very helpful searching assistance for the research personnel.

“HINARI makes life easy for the scientist.”

“It is very much useful. We need it very much our daily research.”

“Sometimes it does not work. Some articles are not accessible.”

We must have HINARI as we do currently. HINARI service should continue for developing countries.


Icddrb: founded in 1960 currently with over 4000 employees and major research in all

public health fields


icddr,b Library


Thank you to our collaborators and Thank you to our collaborators and informantsinformants

• WHO HINARI staff: Gaby Caro and Kimberly Parker

• Icddrb library staff: Mr. Shafi, Mr. Harun, Al Mamun

• Icddrb scientists and users from research and laboratory staff who responded to the questionnaire

• Jean Sack, partner in information exchange


Acknowledgement

This research study was funded by core donors which provide unrestricted support to icddr,b for its operations and research. Current donors providing unrestricted support include: Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID), Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh; Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), and the Department for International Development, UK (DFID). We gratefully acknowledge these donors for their support and commitment to icddr,b's research efforts.

The author is thankful to Mr. Shafiur Rahman, Mr. Md. Harun-Or-Rashid Khandaker, Mr. M. Al Mamun of icddr,b libarary for providing their valuable inputs and to Ms Jean Sack for her critical review.


Questions please?


APLIC 2014 - HINARI experience in Bangladesh

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