APL18 Maastricht-Belvédère. Stratigraphy, Palaeoenvironment and Archaeology of the Middle and Late...

7/22/2019 APL18 Maastricht-Belvédère. Stratigraphy, Palaeoenvironment and Archaeology of the Middle and Late Pleistocene…

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rhprmithn grfc4 Chnhnhemiahi Rmdks Ahfefamsòh Nmhist I.P. 0= (:=?8)

rhnj`tmh`fccmssmh4 @.@. Bjkhes hi E.\. Efuwh Kffmdcjis

rhnj`tmh vji nmt iucchr4 ô. vji Kfegsòfthi hi Q. Rfhbrfhks

fcsejafitwhrp4 O.J. nh Efrc

gftf fcseja4 Bhevínïrh arfhvh `j. :=0<.

Ahchhithemdkh Jròmhgnmhist Cjjstrmòt

@fpyrmaot :=?8 Rmdks Ahfefamsòh Nmhist

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CJJP^RM@O^-BHEWHNHRH4 P^RJ^MARJ\O], ÔMDP WJI

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CMNNEH JIN EJ^H \EHMP^F@HIH NH\FPM^P

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Tjawmdi, Q. O.4 \rhgj`h 2

Rfhbrfhks, Q. 4 ôh MWMjjstrmòt-Bhevínïrh rhshjrò4 mitrfnu`tmfi 0

Wjinhibhraoh, D . , O. D. Cõòhr, Q. Rfhbrfhks & N. Ahckh4 1Emtofstrjtmarjpoy jin pjejhfhivmrfichit fg toh \ehmstf`hihnhpfsmts jt Cjjstrmòt-Bhevínïrh, Pfutohri Emcbura,toh Ihtohrejins

Cõòhr, O. D. 4 Cm`rfcfrpofefam`je stuny fg toh thrrj`h sjins :=(Ximt >) jin 'efjcs ' (Ximt 8) jin tohmr pjejhfsfes mi toh Bhevínïrhpmt ihjr Cjjstrmòt, Pfutohri Emcbura, toh Ihtohrejins

Chmds, H. \. C.4 Efhss strjtmarjpom`je rhshjrò jt toh pjejhfem tom` 0:smth Cjjstrmòt-Bhevínïrh

Wjinhibhraoh, D.4 Pfeutmfi sefts fr m`h-whnah `jsts6

Ouxtjbeh, D. & C. D. Jmtkhi4 ôhrcfeucmihs`hi`h njtmia rhsuetsgfr toh pjejhfemtom` smth Cjjstrmòt-Bhevínïrh

Kfegsòfthi, ^. vji4 ôh Cmnnmh \ehmstf`hih (Pjjemji) jin Ejth\ehmstf`hih (Qhmòshemji) cjccje gjuijs grfc Cjjstrmòt-

Bhevínïrh, (Pfutohri Emcbura, toh Ihtohrejins)

Chmdhr, ^.4 ôh prh-Qhmòshemji ificjrmih cfeeus`ji gjuij grfcCjjstrmòt-Bhevínïrh (Pfutohri Emcbura, toh Ihtohrejins)

Kumdphr, Q. D.4 Cjej`fefam`je rhshjrò fg Qhmòshemji nhpfsmts jttoh Cjjstrmòt-Bhevínïrh pmt

Rfhbrfhks, Q.4 Jròjhfefam`je rhshjrò jt toh Cjjstrmòt-Bhevínïrh pmt; j rhvmhw

Kfegsòfthi, ^. vji & Q. Rfhbrfhks4 ôh Cjjstrmòt -Bhevínïrhprfdh`t; jin mithrchnmjth syitohsms

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Mistmtuth fg Hjrto P mhi`hs, Xtrhòt Ximvhrsmty, Bunjphstejji >,08<? ^J Xtrhòt,ôh Ihtohrejins,Mistmtuth fg \rhomstfry, Ehmnhi Ximvhrsmty, \.F. Bfx =8:8,20<< RJ Ehmnhi,ôh Ihtohrejins,



\RHGJ@H

ôh pjphrs pubemsohn mi toms vfeuch fg toh Chnhnhemiahi vji nh Rmdks Ahfefamsòh Nmhist `fi`hri j rh-cjrkjbeh jin hxtrhchey mithrhstmia smth, Bhevínïrh,ihjr toh `mty fg Cjjstrmòt mi toh prfvmi`h fg Emcbura,ôh Ihtohrejins.

Cfnhri Zujthrijry rhshjrò ms omaoey cuetmnms`mpem-ijry mi òjrj`thr, jetofuao mt sofuen bh sjmn tojt hvhitoh hjrey wfrk fi mcpfrtjit smths fg Zujthrijry jahthinhn tf `fcbmih toh hggfrts fg ahfefamsts, pjejhfi-tfefamsts, jin prhomstfrmjis. ôms ms qumth ijturje, bh-`jush toh Zujthrijry phrmfn wjs òjrj`thrmzhn by m`hjahs jin cjrks toh hchrahi`h fg cjikmin.

ôh Bhevínïrh smth jin mts hivmrfis gmrst jttrj`thnjtthitmfi mi toh hjrey imihthhito `hitury, wohi ahfef-am`je rhshjrò bhaji mi toms jrhj. Jgthr j phrmfn fg nm-cmimsomia mithrhst mi toh smth, sfch eu`ky gmins fg pj-ejhfemtom` jrtmgj`ts - gfuin jrfuin :=?< by shvhrjefphi-cminhn hitousmjsts, bfto jcjthurs jin prfghssmfijes - ehn tf systhcjtm` jròjhfefam`je hx`jvjtmfis

by j thjc rhprhshitmia cjiy nms`mpemihs. Mi :=?2, tohMIZXJ Ijtmfije @fccmtthh gfr ôh Ihtohrejins fr-ajimzhn j sycpfsmuc jt toh Cushuc fg IjturjeOmstfry mi Cjjstrmòt, nurmia womò toh gmrst rhsuets fgtoh hx`jvjtmfis whrh prhshithn. Pmi`h tohi cuò jn-nmtmfije Migfrcjtmfi ojs bhhi `feeh`thn jbfut toh sh`-tmfi jin hsph`mjeey toh rhejtmvh jin jbsfeuth jahs fgtoh cjmi jrtmgj`t-bhjrmia ofrmzfi. Js òjmrcji fg tohMIZXJ Ijtmfije @fccmt thh gfr ôh Ihtohrejins M ojvh gfemfwhn wmto pehjsurh toh ojrcfimfus `f-

fphrjtmfi fg sf cjiy phfpeh, jcjthur jin prfghssmfije jròjhfefamsts, pjejhfitfefamsts, shnmchitfef-amsts, jin ftohr sph`mjemsts grfc ift fiey ôh Ihtohrejins but jesf ftohr `fuitrmhs. ôh `fitrmbutmfi fg jiucbhr fg rhshjrò mistmtuths sofuen bh chitmfihnohrh, m.`, toh Mistmtuut vffr \rhomstfrmh (Ehmnhi), tohMistmtuut vffr Jjrnwhthisòjpphi (Xtrhòt), toh Mistmtuut vffr Jjrnwhthisòjpphi (Jcsthrnjc), tohGysmsò Ahfarjgmsò hi Bfnhckuinma Ejbfrjtfrmuc(Jcsthrnjc), jin toh Rmdks Ahfefamsòh Nmhist(Ojjrehc). Fg pjrtmùejr mithrhst, gmijeey, jrh toh pfssm-bmemtmhs toms smth fgghrs gfr jbsfeuth njtmia fg toh cjmijròjhfefam`je ofrmzfi. ôh `fitrmbutmfis cjnh bytoh rhshjrò mistmtuths fg Fxgfrn jin K÷ei nhshrvhsph`mje chitmfi mi toms rhsph`t.

Jt prhshit, toh pjejhfemtom` smth fg Bhevínïrh, womòojs ymhenhn whee-`mrùcs`rmbhn mi smtu gmins j``fcpj-imhn by cjiy gfssmes fg nmgghrhit kmins, ms bfto tohbhst jbsfeuthey njthn fih mi Qhsthri Hurfph jin tohfenhst fih kifwi sf gjr mi ôh Ihtohrejins, smi`h mtnjths grfc ji mitrj-Pjjemji wjrc-thcphrjth mithrvje

wmto ji hstjbemsohn jah eymia rfuaoey mi toh cmnnmh fgj phrmfn womò f`ùrrhn bhtwhhi 2<<,<<< jin0<<,<<< yhjrs jaf.

Mt ms wmto arhjt pehjsurh tojt M rh`fcchin toms vfeuch `fitjmimia toh rhsuets fg j `fi`hitrjthn dfmit hg-gfrt mi cfnhri Zujthrijry rhshjrò.

Q. O. Tjawmdi,@ojmrcji, MIZXJ Ijtmfije@fccmtthh gfr ôh Ihtohrejins



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ôh Cjjstrmòt-Bhevínïrh efhss- jin arjvhe-pmt ms ef-`jthn IQ fg toh `mty fg MWMjjstrmòt, fi toh ehgt bjikfg toh rmvhr Cjjs, fi toh hnah fg toh pejthju fg @j-bhra. (gma. :) ôh pmt wjs `jrvhn migf toh sthhp èmggbhtwhhi toh Efwhr jin toh Cmnnmh ^hrrj`h fg toh rm

vhr Cjjs.Mi Phpthcbhr :=?< Q. C. Ghenhr (Ahfefam`je Pur-

vhy fg toh Ihtohrejins, Ohhrehi) nms`fvhrhn j pjehfem-tom` jrtmgj`t mi fih fg toh efhss-sh`tmfis mi toh Bhevínïrh efhss- jin arjvhe pmt. ôms nms`fvhry mispmrhn tohjutofr jin twf jcjthur-jròjhfefamsts, Kmc Arfhihinmdk jin Dhji-\mhrrh nh Qjrrmcfit, tf mivhstmajthtoh qujrry sh`tmfis mithismvhey. Qh gfuin shvhrjejrtmgj`t- jin gjuij bhjrmia ofrmzfis, cfst fg womò`ji bh njthn tf toh 'Pjjemji' fg toh Ihtohrejins (Tja-wmdi :=10).

ôh Bhevínïrh rhshjrò, womò wjs, mimtmjeey stjrthnjs ji jròjhfefam`je prfdh`t, spfisfrhn by toh Mistm-tuth fg \rhomstfry fg Ehmnhi Ximvhrsmty, ojs smi`h tohsh mimtmje nms`fvhrmhs nhvhefphn mitf j cfrh `fcprh-ohismvh prfdh`t mi womò s`mhitmsts grfc shvhrje nms`mpemihs jin nmgghrhit `fuitrmhs jrh `ffphrjtmia. Mi tomsvfeuch fg toh Chnhnhemiahi Rmdks Ahfefamsòh Nmhistj gmrst syitohtm` rhvmhw fg toh Bhevínïrh qujthrijryrhshjrò ms prhshithn.

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Gma. :. Ef`jtmfi fg toh Cjjstrmòt-Bhevínïrh pmt.

OMP^FR] FG ÔH RHPHJR@O

Mi toh gmrst ojeg fg toh imihthhito `hitury shvhrjeefhss- jin arjvhepmts hxmsthn mi toh @jbhra rhamfi.Grfc toh :?8<s fiwjrns j iucbhr fg - ahihrjeey scjee

- brm`k gj`tfrmhs whrh gfuinhn (Jròmvh Cuim`mpjemty

Fun-Wrfhiofvhi, Cuim`mpje Jròmvh Cjjstrmòt). Mitoh imihthhito `hitury toh @jbhra pejthju bh`jchkifwi gfr toh gfssmes gfuin mi mts qujthrijry nhpfsmtsnurmia toh `fistru`tmfi fg toh Tumn-Qmeehcsvjjrt `j-ije mi :?20 jin grfc ftohr hxpfsurhs (@rjojy,:?20/2>; vji nhi Hinh, :?08; Khr`kofggs, :??>; Cjrt mi, :??=; Rutft :?=0). J oucji djw gfuin mi :?20,

`j 8<< c I fg toh Bhevínïrh pmt - pubemsohn js gfuinuinhr 7.8 c fg efhss - bh`jch kifwi js 'ej cjòfmrhnh Cjhstrmòt'; toh djw wjs toh subdh`t fg j emvhey mithrijtmfije nmsùssmfi (@rjojy, :?20; Pòjjggojushi,:?7<; Khr`kofggs, :??>; nh Cfrtme eht, :??7; Cjr tmi ,:??=; nh Cfrtmeeht & nh Cfrtmeeht, :=:<; vji Nffrcjje,:=>8; vji nhr Wehrk, :=88). J``frnmia tf toh emthrjturh@ojrehs Eyhee vmsmthn toh gmin-ef`jemty fg toh djw.

Ftohr mcpfrtjit gmins - ifw efst - whrh cjnh mi:?:8-:?:1 nurmia toh `fistru`tmfi fg toh gfrtrhss'Qmeehc' jt toh gfft fg toh @jbhra pejthju Cmnnmh ^hrrj`h, `j :.8 kc P fg toh Bhevínïrh smth. J``frnmia tfj rhpfrt by nh Burtmi, njtmia grfc :?:?, (Cuim`mpjeJròmvh fg toh @mty fg Cjjstrmòt, Cs. `feeh`tmfi if.

:?>) rhcjmis fg hehpojit whrh gfuin, jin Ojbhts(:??1) jesf chitmfis toh prhshi`h fg omppfpftjcus.ôh nhtjmehn nhs`rmptmfi fg toh hxpfsurh mi tohcjius`rmpt chitmfihn tojt toh gfssmes whrh gfuin uinhr cfrh toji 7 chthrs fg efhss.

Ejrah s`jeh qujrrymia mi toh Bhevínïrh pmt stjrthn mitoh :?=<s, wohi Bjhthi jin Ejemhu bfuaot `fismnhrj-beh jrhjs fg ejin gfr tohmr Bhevínïrh `fcpjiy, fggm`mje-ey hstjbemsohn mi :?=1. ôh pmt sffi bh`jch ef`jeeywhee kifwi gfr mts efhss sh`tmfis jin gfr gfssmes `feeh`-thn grfc toh arjvhes jin toh efhss (Kehmi, :=:0; Kehmi,:=:>; Rhmiohmn, :=:7; Rhmiohmn, :=20; @rhchrs,:=28). Gmaurh 2 sofws pm`turhs fg toh Bhevínïrh pmt tjkhi mi toh tomrtmhs wohi cjiuje hxpefmtjtmfi fg tohefhss jin arjvhe gjvfrhn rh`fvhry fg gfssmes; sfch fgtohsh jrh ifw ùrjthn by toh Cushuc fg IjturjeOmstfry jt Cjjstrmòt.

Mi toh twhitmhs fg toms `hitury mcpfrtjit Ihfemtom`gmins wmto jssf`mjthn ghjturhs whrh nms`fvhrhn jinhx`jvjthn jt Bhevínïrh; Mrfi Jah jin Rfcji wjrhwhrh jesf `feeh`thn grfc toh pmt jrhj mi `fismnhrjbehqujitmty (Khiahi, :=2?; Nmsò, :=7=; Nmsò,:=1:/:=12).

Wji Nffrcjje (:=>8) pjmn `fismnhrjbeh jtthitmfi tftoh @jbhra pmts; cfrh rh`hitey, hxpfsurhs mi toh Bhe

vínïrh qujrry whrh nhs`rmbhn by \juemsshi (:=10) jinBfsò (:=18).

Mi :=?2 ji mithrmc rhpfrt fi toh mithrnms`mpemijry rhshjrò jt Cjjstrmòt-Bhevínïrh wjs prhshithn jt j`fiarhss fi '\jejhfemtom` Jròjhfefay jin Zujthrijry Ptrjtmarjpoy mi Pfutohri Emcbura', frajimzhn bytoh Nutò MIZXJ `fccmssmfi. Jgthr toms `fiarhsssfch prhemcmijry pjphrs fi toh smth ojvh bhhi pubemsohn4 Rfhbrfhks ht je., :=?0; Rfhbrfhks, :=?>.

RHGHRHI@HP

BFP@O, \. Q. , :=184 Nh arfhvh Bhevínïrh th Cjjstrmòt. - Arfinbffr hi Ojchr 2=, :0-02.

@RJOJ], D . A. , :?20/:?2>4 Hxtrjmt n'uih iftm`h sur ehs fsshchits

gfssmehs, trfuvíhs hi :?20, hi `rhusjit Mh `jije hitrh Cjhstr mòtht Ofòt, euh j ej ríuimfi aíiírjeh nh ej Pf`mítí nhs jcms nhs

sèhi`hs, ehttrhs ht jrts nh Cjhstrm òt, nu > ifvhcbrh :?20. -



Gma. 2 J, B. ^oh Cjjstrm`ot-Bhevínïrh pmt; pm`turhs tjkhi mi toh tomrtmhs fg toms `hitury (Cui m`mpje Jr` omvh fg toh `mty fg Cjjstrm` ot).



Chssjahr nhs P`mhi`hs gmmstfrmquhs fu Jròmvhs nhs Jrts ht nh ejBmbeDfarjpgmy nh Bheamquh :?20/2>, 08>-070.

@RHCHRP, D . , :=284 Bhevínïrh (nh chhst mithrhssjith pehk vji Ihnhrejin). - Ijtuuromst frms`gm Cjjinbejn :>, :8<-:80.

NmsÒ, J., :=7=4 J. @. Khiahi fvhr fparjvmiahi th @jbhra-Cjjs-trm`gmt :=21-:=00. - Djjrfvhrzmòt Jr`gmhf e. QhrkahchhisòjpEmcbura :=7=, 0:-0?.

NmsÒ, J., :=1:/:=124 \rhhi prftfomstfrmsòh vfinsthi fp nh @j-bhra th Cjjstrm` ot. „ Djjrfvhrzmòt Jr` ohfe. Qhrka hchhi sò.Emcbura, :=1:-:=12, 00->1.

NffRCJJE, D. @. J. WJI, :=>84 Finhrzfhkmiahi bhtrhgghinh nh

e÷ssarfinhi vji Tumn- Emcb ura. „ Qjahim iahi (Nmss.).HINH, J . WJI NHI, :?084 Fvhr gfssmheh bhhinhrhi vji nh Kjbhra bmd

Cjjs trm òt . - Whrseja vji nh :<h vhraj nhrmia Mh kejssh Kfi.Ihn. Mist mtuu t :?08, 0=->:.

OJBH^P, D., :??14 Funohnhi ahvfinhi bmd oht bfuwhi vji oht gfrtQme ehc th Cjjstrm òt. „ Nh CjjsafuvU/ =, :2?.

KHIAHI, J. @ , :=2?4 @jbhra-Bhevhnhrmh. - Nh Cjjsafuw >?, 18.KHR@KOFGGP, J . , :??>4 Ej cjòfmrh nh Cjhstrm òt ht ehs rí`hiths

ní`fuvhr ths. - Bueehtmi Pf`. Jitor fp. \jrms 0h shrmh, 1,02>-00<.

KEHMI, Q . @ , :=:04 @fcpth rhinu nh ej shssmfi hxtrjfrnmijmrh nhej Pf`mítí Aífefamquh nh Bheamquh ht nh ej Pf`mítí bhmah nh Ahfefamh, nh \jehfitfefamh ht n'Oynrfefamh njis Mh Emcbfura ofeeji-njms. - Jiijehs Pf`. aífe. Bhea. - Bueehtmi 0=, 00=-0==.

KEHMI, Q . @ , :=:>4 Oht nmeu vmuc vji nh Emcburash Cjjs. - Whrojinhemiahi Ahfe. Cmdibfuwkuinma Ahifftsòjp, Ahfe. Phrmh 2,:-::2.

CJR^MI, K., :??=4 Iftmz õbhr nhi jiahbemò gfssmehi chisòemòhiXithrkmhghr vfi @jbhra bhm Cjjstrmòt. „ Whrsejahi hi Chnhn.Kfi. Ihn. Jkjn . Qht ., jgn . Ijtuurk., 0h rhhks, 8, >0>->><.

CfR mEEH , A. NH, :??04 Eh \ríomstf rmquh , jitmqu mtí nh e'ofcch. -

Bmbe. nh P`. `fith cpfr. ?. - \jrms.CfR mEEH , A. NH, J. NH CfR mEEH^ :=:<4 Ej \ríomstfm rh frmamih ht

jitmqumtí nh e'ofcch, z.p.\JXEMPPHI, H., :=104 Nh cfrgfefamh hi nh kwjrtjmrstrjtmarjgmh vji

nh Cjjsvjeehm mi Bheamsò Emcbura. „ Brusshe.RHMIOFEN, ^ O. , :=:74 Ahfefamsòh bhsòrmdvmia vji nh efss- armin

hi kjekarfhvh Ejemhu bmd Pchhrcjjs. „ ^mdnsòrmgt Jjrnrmdksk.Ahifftsò. 00, ?>7-?88.

RHMIOFEN, ^ O ., :=204 Miehmnmia tft nh ahfefamsòh hxùrsmh mi nh

fcstrhkhi vji Cjjstrmòt. - Ojinhemiahi _e_h Ihn. Ijt. hi

Ahihhsk. @fiarhs Cjjstrmòt, 2:?-22:.RfHBRFHKP, Q., :=?>4 ôh cmnneh-pjejhfemtom` smth Cjjstrmòt-Bhe-

vínïrh (Pfutohri Emcbura, toh Ihtohrejins). J prhemcmijry rhpfr t. - Ohemi muc 2>, 0-:1.

RFHBRFHKP, Q . , ^. W JI KFEGP@OF^HI, ^ . CHMDHR, H. C H M D P & O. D.

CõÒHR, :=?04 Nhr cmtthepjejfemtomsòh Guinpejtz Cjjstrmòt-

Bhevínïrh (Põn- Emcb ura, Imhnhrejinh). - Jròjfefams òhs

Kfrr. be. :0, :-1.

Ru^F^, J., :?=04 Ifth sur ej ní`fuvhrth n'uih níghish nh cjc-

cfuto njis ehs jeeuvmfis ji`mhiihs nh ej Chush, ï Pchhrcjjs.

- Bueehtmi Pf`. Bhmah Aífe. 1, =>-=1.

P OJJGGOJXPHI, N., :?7<4 Pmtz uiasbhrm òth . - Whrojin euia hi

Ijturomstfrmsòhi Whrhmi nhs \rhussmsòhi Rohmiejin :1, 00,:22.

WEHRK, M. C. WJI NHR, :=884 Tmdi hr mi \ehmstf`hih ejahi vji Ihnhr

ejin skhehtrhsthi vji nh chis ahvfinhi6. - Ehmnsh Ahfe. Ch

nhn. 2<, :=8-2<7.

TJAQMDI, Q . O., :=104 \feehijijeytm` stunmhs fg Ofesthmimji jinPjjemji bhns mi toh Ifrtohri Ihtohrejins. - Chnhnhemiahi Rmdks

Ahfe. Nmhist I.P. 2>, :0=-:87.



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\HRMAEJ@MJE \OHIFCHIJ JIN NH\FPM^P4 EMÔFP^RJ^MARJ\OM@ :1\FPM^MFI JIN \JEJHF@EMCJ^M@ PMAIMGM@JI@H

Mivfeutmfis jin `rj`ks jt toh bjsh fg Ximt 1 jin toh tfp fg Ximt 7Mivfeutmfis jin `rj`ks mi toh efwhr pjrt fg Ximt 7Pefph nhpfsmts mi Ximt 8.:Mivfeutmfis wmtomi toh arjvhe Ximt 0

@FI@EXPMFIP :?

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Mistmtuth fg Hjrto P`mhi`hs, Grhh Ximvhrsmty Jcsthrnjc,Nh Bfhehejji :<?8, :<?: OW Jcsthrnjc.ôh Ihtohrejins.Ejbfrjtfry fg \oysm`je Ahfarjpgmy jin Pfme P`mhi`h,Ximvhrsmty fg Jcsthrnjc, Njpphrstrjjt ::8,:<=0 BP Jcsthrnjc.ôh Ihtohrejins.Mistmtuth fg \rhoestfry, Ehenhi Ximvhrsmty, \.F. Bfx =8:8,20<< RJ Ehmnhi.

ôh Ihtohrejins.



JBP^RJ@^

Gmrstey, j ahihrj! nhs`rmptmfi ms amvhi fg toh emtofstrjtmarjpom`je uimtsfg toh Bhevínïrh pmt, ef`jthn IQ fg Cjjstrmòt fi toh ehgt bjik fgtoh rmvhr Cjjs, mi toh sfutohri pjrt fg ôh Ihtohrejins. ôh pmt mssmtujthn fi toh hnah fg toh @jbhra thrrj`h.

Grfc tfp tf bfttfc jrh hxpfshn4Ximt 14 j smet efjc jbfvh wmto Ofef`hih sfme gfrcjtmfi (j Euvmsfe),

rhprhshitmia j typm`je mfhss nhpfsmt fg toh Qhmòshemji \ehimaej`mje.

Ximt 74 j ehss whee sfrthn smet efjc (`fitjmis cfrh sjin jin èjytoji Ximt 1), womò `ji bh nmvmnhn mitf > subuimts (7.>-7.:). ôhshjrh jt toh tfp j `je`jrhfus upphr uimt wmto toh `ryfturbjthn Ijahebhhk Ofrmzfi (7.>), jin jt toh bfetfc (7.:.) j njrk oucm` ejyhr,prfbjbey j trui`jthn sthpph sfme. Mi bhtwhhi, gmih ejcmijthn smetefjcs (7.0) jin ef`je phbbeh zfihs (7.2) f`ùr.

Ximt 84 'Efjcs'. ôms uimt `fismsts fg twf subuimts; j efwhr Ximt8.:.4 j cmxturh fg sjin jin smet efjc, wmto rhcijits fg sfme gfrcjtmfi mi smtu, jin ji upphr Ximt 8.24 j smet efjc, fiey semaotey cmxhnwmto sjin, wmto j èhjr nhvhefphn jrameem` ofrmzfi fi tfp fg mt, `fc-pjrjbeh wmto tojt fg toh Hhcmji Rf`furt pjejhfsfe.

Ximt > `fismsts fg arjymso-womth tf emaot arhhimso sjins, wmto mi-thr`jejthn phbbeh ofrmzfis, jin ms fg geuvmje frmami. Mi toms uimt rhcijits fg j pjejhfsfe, h.a. j trui`jthn Euvmsfe, jrh prhshit.

Ximt 04 ohthrfahihfus, ejcmijthn thrrj`h arjvhes nhpfsmthn by jbrjmnhn rmvhr systhc. Bhefw toh ejst chitmfihn Ximt 0, \jejhf`hih@ojek f`ùrs (Ximt :), wmto fiey ef`jeey mi bhtwhhi Femaf`hih èjy-hy sjins (Ximt 2).

Ph`finey, Ximt > ms nmsùsshn mi cfrh nhtjme, usmia shnmchitjryòjrj`thrmstm`s jin arjmi-smzh `fcpfsmtmfi tf rh`fistru`t toh pj-

ejhfhivmrfichits nurmia shnmchitjtmfi fg toh subuimts >j tf >`. Mitoh tomrn pjrt fg toms pjphr sph`mje jtthitmfi ms amvhi tf toh rh-`fistru`tmfi fg toh shnmchitjry hivmrfichit fg toh 'Efjcs' fgXimt 8, jin toh smet efjcs fg Ximt 7. Ximt 8.2 sofws mi toh pmt, cj-`rfs`fpm`jeey, fgthi j ejrah rhshcbeji`h wmto prmcjry jhfemji Mfhssnhpfsmts, womò `fuen, ofwhvhr, ift bh `figmrchn by jijeytm`je njtj.

Gmijeey, toh `ryfturbjthn zfihs jin ftohr grfst pohifchij fg tohXimts 0, 8.:., 7 jin 1 jrh nhs`rmbhn mi cfrh nhtjme, jin tohmr pjejhf-èmcjtm` smaimgm`ji`h nmsùsshn.

MI^RFNX@^MFI

ôh Bhevínïrh pmt ms smtujthn mi toh Mfhss rhamfi fg tohsfutohri Ihtohrejins (prfvmi`hfg Emcbura), `j : kcIQ fg toh `mty fg Cjjstrmòt, fi toh hnah fg toh @j-

Gma. :. Ef`jtmfi fg toh Cjjstrmòt-Bhevínïrh pmt jin mi arjy, nmstrm-butmfi fg toh @jbhra Cmnnmh ^hrrj`h shnmchits (jgthr4 Bruhrhi

:=>8).

bhra thrrj`h fi toh ehgt bjik fg toh rmvhr Cjjs (Gmaurh

:).J òjrj`thrmstm` Mfhss nhpfsmt ms hxpfshn jt toh tfpfg toh pmt mcchnmjthey bhefw womò jrh prhshit rhnh-pfsmthn, cfstey ejcmijthn, efhss-nhrmvhn cjthrmjes.

Mi bhtwhhi toh jbfvh chitmfihn nhpfsmts jin tohnhhphr f`ùrrmia thrrj`h sjins jin arjvhes toh sf-`jeehn 'Efjcs' jrh hxpfshn. Mi toh gmhen tofsh rhshc-beh toh Pjjemji Mfhss mi`rhchits hxpfshn jt ftohr pmtsmi Pfutohri Emcbura jin Bheamuc. J Rf`furtpjejhfsfe-emkh gfrcjtmfi mi toh upphr pjrt fg toh'Efjcs' `fitrmbuths tf toms rhshcbeji`h. Js jerhjnystjthn òjrj`thrmstm` Mfhss nhpfsmts f`ùr fi tfp fgtoh shquhi`h. ôhy ojvh bhhi ushn js rhghrhi`h gfrtoh nmsùssmfi fg toh uinhreymia 'Efjcs'; `fish-

quhitey toh upphr nhpfsmts (Ximt 1) wme! bh nmsùsshngmrst.

Mi toh :=to jin 2<to `hitury cjiy cjccje gfssmeswhrh gfuin mi toh pmt sh`tmfis, womeh fi toh surgj`hfg toh pmt mcpfrtjit Ihfemtom` gmins jin jrtmgj`ts grfctoh Mrfi Jah jin ejthr phrmfns whrh `feeh`thn. ôhihw jròjhfefam`je prfdh`t fg toh Mistmtuth fg \rh-omstfry fg Ehmnhi Ximvhrsmty rhqumrhn emtofefam`je jinstru`turje njtj grfc toh pmt, womò `fuen gfrc j grj-chwfrk gfr mivhstmajtmfis by jròjhfefamsts jin tohmr`f-wfrkhrs grfc ftohr nms`mpemihs, suò js pjejhfitf-efay, sfme s`mhi`h, ht`. Gfr toms rhjsfi, toh vjrmfusejyhrs jin pjejhfsfe gfrcjtmfis mi toh Bhevínïrh pmtwhrh stunmhn cj`rfs`fpm`jeey, nhs`rmbhn jin sjcpehngfr arjmi-smzh jijeysms, mi frnhr tf hstjbemso j emtofstrjtmarjpom`je shquhi`h fg hvhits jin tf rh`fistru`t tohpjejhfhivmrfichits fg toh emtofefam`je uimts jin pj-ejhfsfes nurmia tohmr gfrcjtmfi.

ÔH AHFEFAM@JE PHZXHI@H

ÔH NH\FPM^P FI ^F\ FG ÔH ^HRRJ@H

ARJWHEP

ôh upphrcfst Ximt (1) ms j cjssmvh, yheefwmso-brfwismet efjc wmto j `jrbfijth `fithit fg `j. :8% jin jtom`kihss up tf7 c (gma. 2). ôh upphr pjrt ms trjisgfr-

chn by Ofef`hih sfme gfrcjtmfi. J``frnmia tf toh



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arjiuefchtrm` òjrj`thrmstm`s tohsh shnmchits rhprhshit j typm`je efhss (Cõòhr, :=10)4 efw sjin `fithit,j cfnje vjeuh bhtwhhi 0< jin >< /tc, j rhejtmvheyaffn sfrtmia jin j omao pfsmtmvh skhwihss (gmas.0->-8, tjbeh :). ôms uimt `frrhspfins wmto toh XpphrPmet Efjc fg Wrhhkhi & Cõòhr (:=?:) jin wjs nhpf-smthn jt toh hin fg toh Qhmòshemji \ehimaej`mje phrmfn(Wrhhkhi, :=?>). Jt `j. 2 c jbfvh toh bjsh fg toh uimt

ef`jeey j behjòhn sfme ofrmzfi f`ùrs womò ojs bhhimivfeuthn jgthrwjrns. ôms zfih fg mivfeutmfi @j' migma. 2) f`ùrs fvhr ejrah nmstji`hs wmto j tom`kihss fg`j. 0< ìrm. ôms phrmfn fg ifi-nhpfsmtmfi hinhn wmtotoh nhvhefpchit fg j pfeyafije ihtwhrk fg ijrrfwgmssurhs. ôhy jrh 8 cc wmnh jt toh tfp jin 8< `cnhhp, womeh toh nmjchthr fg toh pfeyafis ms jesf `j.8< `c.

ôh upphr pjrt fg Ximt 7 `fismsts fg `je`jrhfus.

arjy-yheefw smet (7.>). ôms ojs jesf bhhi nmsturbhn bymivfeutmfis 'b' wmto ji jcpemtunh fg `j. 0< `c jin ::-cmthn jt toh tfp by ji hrfsmfije surgj`h. ôh uinhrey-mia smet efjcs (7.0) `fitjmi if fr fiey scjee jcfuitsfg `jrbfijth. Ximt 7.2 f`ùrs fiey ef`jeey, jin wmee bhnmsùsshn bhefw (sh`tmfi >.2). ôh prhshi`h fg j njrkoucm` ejyhr mi toh bjsjm pjrt (7.:) suaahsts toh prhshi`h fg j whee-nhvhefphn sthpph sfme. ôh shnmchits

bhefw toh oucm` zfih jrh semaotey behjòhn. ôhbfuinjry bhtwhhi 7.:. jin 7.0. ms sojrp jin ms fgthij``fcpjimhn by j phbbeh ofrmzfi. ôms pfmits tf jihrfsmvh pojsh. ôh sthpph sfme ms ahihrjeey ohjvmey mivfeuthn @`' shh bhefw). If pfeehi ojs bhhi gfuin mitoh oucm` zfih. Ximts 7.:. jin 7.0. sofw j gmih ejcm-ijtmfi. Mi `fcpjrmsfi wmto toh fvhreymia efhss (1),Ximt 7 ms smaimgm`jitey cfrh sjiny jin èjyhy jin `fi-shquhitey ehss sfrthn. ôh skhwihss ms ehss pfsmtmvh.

Pk :.8 <.8 <.8 :.8 `r

Gma. 0. Arjmi-smzhnmstrmbutmfisfg Ximts >, 8.:, 8,2, 7 jin 1 js `gmjrj`thrmzhn by tgmhmr chji (/Q), sejinjrn nhvmjtmfi (j), jin iifchit fg skhwihss

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but toh cfnhe vjeuh ms toh sjch (gma. 0, tjbeh :). ôhshòjrj`thrmstm`s `fuen pfmit tf pjrtmje rhwfrkmia fg fe-nhr efhssm` shnmchits. õtofstrjtmarjpom`jeey Ximt 7

cjy bh `frrhejthn wmto toh 'Cmnnmh' jin 'Efwhr PmetEfjc' mi toms rhamfi {Wrhhkhi & Cmdòhr, :=?:) jintoh mivfeuthn tfp ejyhr (7.>) wmto toh Ijahebhhk Ofrmzfi (Ojhsjhrts ht je., :=?:), jetofuao toh HMtvmeeh tuggejyhr (Chys ht je., :=?0) ms jbshit ohrh.

ôh uinhreymia 'Efjcs' (Ximt 8) gfrc j ohthrfahihfus nhpfsmt. \hbbeh ofrmzfis cjy f`ùr mi toh efwhrpjrt. Minmvmnuje bfuenhrs cjy rhjò j nmjchthr fg jghw nc. ôh chji arjmi smzh mi`rhjshs tfwjrns tohbjsh wohrh tomi sjin ehishs f`ùr. ôh ejcmijtmfi mssubofrmzfitje tf ahitey uinuejtmia, womeh aueemhs f`ùr fiey ef`jeey. Mi toh efwhr pjrt pjtòhs fg `fi-trjstmia ouh jin arjmi-smzh jrh trj`hn by sojrp bfui-njrmhs. ôhy rhprhshit rhwfrkhn sfme cjthrmje. Ximt 8

sofws j òjrj`thrmstm` bmcfnje arjmi-smzh nmstrmbutmfiwmto phjksjt ?<-::8/tc jin 0<-0?/tc (gmas. >-8, tjbeh:). Jt toh bjsh bfto grj`tmfis f`ùr mi `fcpjrjbehjcfuits but tfwjrns toh tfp toh gmih grj`tmfi ms ejrah-ey nfcmijtmia. J ahihrje trhin ms gfuin grfc j truhcmxturh fg sjin jin smet efjc jt toh bjsh (8.:) tf jbhtthr sfrthn smet efjc wmto semaot sjin cmxturh tfwjrns toh tfp (8.2). ôh efwhr pjrt ms òjrj`thrmzhnhsph`mjeey by j ejrah vjrmjtmfi fg toh arjiuefchtrm` pjrjchthrs. ôh nhs`rmbhn shnmchitjry stru`turhs jintoh ohthrfahihfus arjmi-smzh òjrj`thrmstm`s fg toh efwhr pjrt (8.:) hxèunh bfto j geuvmje js whee js ji jhf-emji frmami, but tohy rjtohr pfmit tf prf`hsshs fg cjsscfvhchit jin fvhrejin gmfw (sohht jin rme! wjso).

ôh nms`fitmiufus phbbeh ofrmzfis rhprhshit eja nh-pfsmts. ^fwjrns toh tfp (8.2) toh smet `fcpfihit mi`rhjshs womeh toh jcfuit fg ohthrfahihfus `fjrshr

shnmchit nh`rhjshs. ôh arjmi-smzh `fcpfsmtmfi fgXimt 8.2 rhshcbehs toh fih fg Ximt 7, jin by `fcpjrm-sfi wmto toh efhss. Ximt 1, pfmits èhjrey tf j (nhrmvhn)efhss js j prmi`mpje `fcpfihit. ôh shnmchitjry hivmrfichit ms gurtohr nmsùsshn bhefw.

^JBEH :. Cfnje vjeuh, sjin jin èjy `fithit fg tgmh cjmi emtofefam-`je jin phnfefam`je uimts fi tfp fg tgmh thrrj`h arjvhes.

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ôh upphr : tf 2 c fg Ximt 8 sofws j grmjbeh jinpejty stru`turh. J shnmchitjry ejcmijtmfi ms jbshit.ôh èjy `fithit jcfuits tf `j. 0<%. ôms zfih prf-bjbey rhprhshits toh 72: ofrmzfi fg j trui`jthn '\jrj-brjuihrnh' (Cõ`khiojushi, :=72) fr j Euvmsfe(G.J.F., :=1>) fr fg j 'Rjnhbrmkarfin' mi toh NutòPfme @ejssmgm`jtmfi Pysthc (nh Bjkkhr & Pòheemia,:=77). Pfchtmchs mt ms fvhrejmi by j tomi zfih wmto ef-whr èjy `fithit (2>%). Mt ms rh`faimzhn js toh BY ofrmzfi fg toh sjch sfme, rhshcbemia toh Hhcmji mithraej-èje sfme typh. @fcpjrmsfi fg toh nhs`rmbhn shquhi`hwmto emtofstrjtmarjpom` shrmhs mi toh sjch rhamfi jeefwstoh `frrhejtmfi fg toh \jrjbrjuihrnh gfrchn jt tohtfp fg Ximt 8 wmto toh Rf`furt sfme (Aueehitfps, :=8>;Ojhsjhrts ht je., :=?:). Bfto sfmes sofw j rhcjrkjbehcj`rfs`fpm` smcmejrmty. Mi toh Bhevínïrh pmt toh tfp fgtoh Rf`furt-sfme ojs nmstmi`tey bhhi hrfnhn jin ef`jeeyj phbbeh ofrmzfi ojs bhhi prhshrvhn jt toms ehvhe. ôhtrjismtmfi bhtwhhi Ximts > jin 8 cjy bh nmggmùet tfrh`faimzh hsph`mjeey wohi if arjvhe ofrmzfi ms prhshit jt toh bfuinjry. Ximt > `fismsts fg arjy-womth tfemaot arhhimso sjin womò `fitjmis tmiy èjyhy jin sme-

ty ehishs (>j). ôh èhjr ejcmijtmfi gmins stmee cfrh hxprhssmfi mi toh f`ùrrhi`h fg cjiy phbbeh ofrmzfis.ôh ejtthr rhprhshit toh bjsh arjvhe nhpfsmts fg wmnhgejt òjiihes. ôh mithrsh`tmfis bhtwhhi tohc f`ùrjt jùth jiaehs. J geuvmje frmami fg toms uimt ms gurtohrnhcfistrjthn by toh arjmi-smzh òjrj`thrmstm`s. ôhùcuejtmvh arjiuefchtrm` ùrvhs èhjrey sofw tohprhshi`h fg j rfeemia pfpuejtmfi (gma.>). Jecfst èjyjin smet grhh, chnmuc sjin jethrijth wmto gmih mee-sfrthn èjyhy sjins. ôh gfrchr shnmchits rhprhshittoh òjiihe gmeemia womeh toh ejtthr nhpfsmts rhqumrh j`jechr hivmrfichit futsmnh toh òjiihe. ôh arhjtvjrmjbmemty fg toh shnmchits ms rhgeh`thn mi toh wmnhrjiah fg arjmi smzh jin kurtfsms (hsph`mjeey tofsh fg

èjy `fithit, cjji skhwihss jin kurtfsms (gma. 0, tj-beh N). ôh geuvmje òjrj`thr fg Ximt > ms nmsùsshn micfrh nhtjme bhefw.

ÔH ^HRRJ@H ARJWHEP

ôh arjvhe Ximt 0 ms ohthrfahihfus (Gmaurh 7). Bhnsjin ehishs fg nmgghrhit smzh jin `fithit jethrijth grh-quhitey, but trfuao jin ijrrfw tjbuejr `rfss-bhnnmiajrh nfcmijit. ôh strjtmgm`jtmfi vjrmhs grfc ofrmzfitjetf nmppmia jt nmgghrhit jiaehs fr mt ms jbshit. Mcbrm`j-tmfi ms fgthi fbshrvhn mi toh strjtmgmhn bhns. ôhtrfuaos ojvh j ejrah wmnto-nhpto rjtmf. ôh sfrtmia

vjrmhs `fismnhrjbey. @fbbehs fg shvhrje nc jrh ift rjrh but ahihrjeey toh phbbeh nmjchthr ms j ghw `c. Ehishs fg gmih tf `fjrsh, arjvheey sjin grhquhitey f`ùr.F``jsmfijeey smet jin èjy ojvh bhhi nhpfsmthn mi nh-prhssmfis jt toh bjsh fg womò j arjvhe ofrmzfi f`-ùrs. Gmimia upwjrn trhins jrh fgthi gfuin mi tomi, mi-nmvmnuje arjvhe bhns. ôh uistrjtmgmhn fr gejt-bhnnhntjbuejr strjtj hxthin fvhr ejrah jrhjs, wohrhjs tjbuejr strjtj wmto nmppmia bhnnmia jrh fg emcmthn hxthit.ôhy jrh bfto toh rhsuets fg toh nhvhefpchit fg efiam-tunmije fr nmjafije bjrs. ôhy jrh gfrchn jt omao nmsòjrahs wmto sojeefw wjthr nhpto. ôh trfuaos ojvhbhhi gfrchn by s`furmia, womeh toh smets jin èjysojvh bhhi nhpfsmthn mi jbjinfihn òjiihes. J``fr-

nmia tf toh shnmchitjry shquhi`h fbshrvhn, toh rmvhr

wjs fg j cuetm-òjiihe typh womeh minmvmnuje òjiihes,nmn ift phrsmst gfr j efia tmch. ôh ohthrfahihmty fgèjsts jin toh qum`k jethrijtmfi fg emtofefay jin stru`-turhs jrh `jushn by jbrupt òjiahs fg hihray. Jeetohsh òjrj`thrmstm`s minm`jth nhpfsmtmfi by j brjmnhn-rmvhr systhc. Pemaotey mièmihn bhns wmto gmimia up-wjrns shquhi`hs rhprhshitmia pfmit-bjr nhpfsmtsf`ùr fi j ghw f``jsmfis.

ôh geuvmje shrmhs (Ximts 0 jin >) bhefia tf toh @j-bhra thrrj`h (@jbhra-Arfisvhen thrrj`h j``frnmia tfBruhrhi (:=>8) jin Wji Ptrjjthi (:=>7), @jbhra-Eutthrjnh thrrj`h j``frnmia tf Tfiihvhen (:=>=) jin@jbhra-\mhthrshc thrrj`h j``frnmia tf \juemsshi(:=10). ôhy gfrc pjrt fg toh Whaohe Gfrcjtmfi (Nfp-phrt ht je. :=18). ôh arjvhes ojvh bhhi nhpfsmthn fitoh \jejhf`hih òjek subsfme (Ximt :) bhefiamia tf tohOfutohc Gfrcjtmfi (Kuye, :=1:). Ef`jeey Femaf`hihèjyhy sjins (Ximt 2) jrh gfuin fi tfp fg toh òjek.ôh bjsh fg toh thrrj`h ms jt >7 j >1 c IJ\ (Kehmi,:=:>; Bruhrhi, :=>8; Bfsò, :=18).

ÔH ^HRRJ@H PJINP (XIM^ >)Js jerhjny nmsùsshn mi toh prhvmfus sh`tmfi. Ximt >ojs j geuvmje ahihsms. Mi gmaurh 1 j nhtjmehn pm`turh mssofwi fg toh ejthrjeey òjiamia emtofefay jin tom`k-ihss. Ximt >, smtujthn fi tfp fg toh `fjrsh arjvhes fgXimt 0, cjy bh subnmvmnhn mitf torhh gj`mhs >j, b jin`. J rmnah 2 tf 2.8 chthrs omao (shh gma. 1) `fismstmiafg arjymso-yheefw tf arhymso-femvh sjins jin mithr`jej-thn arjvhe ejyhrs (Ximt >j) `ji bh shhi mi toh cmnnmhfg gma. 1. Jt toh hjsthri smnh fg toms rmnah Ximt > ms rh-prhshithn by ejcmijthn yheefw-brfwi tf brfwi sjinsjin èjyhy sjins, : tf 2.8 chtrhs tom`k, wmto ef`jeeyejyhrs fg arjvhe hsph`mjeey mi toh efwhr pjrt fg toh uimtjin wmto mi`rhjsmia jcfuits fg smets mi upwjrn nmrh`-tmfi.

Jt toh whsthri pjrt fg toh rmnah j ejthrje vjrmjtmfimi arjmi-smzh `ji bh shhi, toh shnmchits bh`fcmia gm-ihr wmto mi`rhjsmia nmstji`h grfc toh rmnah. Mi tojtjrhj toh thrrj`h sjins jrh `fcpfshn fg gmih jin `fjrsh sjins (cjx. : chtrh tom`k) wmto mithr`jejthn efjcyehishs jin ejyhrs fg arjvhe (Ximt >j), fi tfp fg womòjbfut 2< tft 8< `c fg arjymso-femvh smety èjy jrh prhshit (Ximt >b).

Jt toh upphr pjrt fg Ximt >, ef`jeey `je`jrhfus tugj(`j. 28% @j@Fs) (Ximt >`), up tf >< `c tom`k f`ùrs.Qohi Ximt >` ms prhshit, toh nhpfsmts bhefw toh tugjjrh jesf rmò mi `jrbfijth. ôh tfps fg toh Ximts >b

jin >` jrh mi ahihrje òjrj`thrmzhn by mivfeutmfis,wmto j cjxmcuc phihtrjtmfi fg 2< `c.Cm`rfcfrpofefam`je mivhstmajtmfis (Cõòhr, :=?8,

toms vfeuch) rhvhjehn tojt jt toh tfp fg Ximt > jpjejhfsfe òjrj`thrmzhn by èjy meeuvmjtmfo, ms prhshit.Jt omaohr ehvhes toms sfme ms ohjvmey trui`jthn, jin fitoh rmnah mtsheg, `fcpehthey hrfnhn. Mi efwhr pfsmtmfis,m.h. fi toh whsthri smnh fg toh inah, toms pjejhfsfejesf `fitjmis aehy-pohifchij.

Mi toh `je`jrhfus pjrt fg Ximt > j rmò cm`rf- jincj`rfgjuij ojs bhhi gfuin (shh4 vji Kfegsòfthi,:=?8, Chmdhr, :=?8, bfto toms vfeuch), ef`jeey jssf`mj-thn wmto rhcjmis fg oucji j`tmvmtmhs (Rfhbrfhks,:=?8, toms vfeuch).

Mi vmhw fg4

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Gma, 7. Rhprhshitjtmvh vhrtm`je sh`tmfi fg toh thrrj`h arjvhe. Ximt 0.

„ toh f`ùrrhi`h fg sjin, èjy jin smety ejcmijh mipjrjeehe pfsmtmfi, wmto mithr`jejthn ejcmijh fg arjvhe,

„ toh gmi mia upwjrns fg toh nhpfsmts,

„ toh gj`t tojt toh thxturh bh`fchs gmihr tf toh whstfg toh rmnahs,Ximt > ms mithrprhthn js j `fcpehx fg geuvmje nhpfsmts`fismstmia fg j 'ehvhh-emkh' stru`turh (toh rmnah), wmtobj`kswjcp-emkh nhpfsmts mi toh whsthri pjrts fg tohsh`tmfi (Ximts >j jin >b), jin j òjiihe-migmeemia mitohhjsthri pjrt (Ximt >j) (gma. 1b). ôms mithrprhtjtmfims mi j``frnji`h wmto Ruhaa (:=?2).

Pmi`h toh òjiihe ojs hrfnhn toh hjsthri pjrt fgtoh 'ehvhh', toh òjiihe-migmeemia cust ojvh f`ùrrhnjgthr toh gfrcjtmfi fg toh 'ehvhh'. Js `ji bh shhi migma. 1, mi toh whsthri pjrt fg toh sh`tmfi jiftohr 'ehvhh', ohjvmey nhgfrchn by kjrstmgm`jtmfi, ms prhshit.

ôh `jrbfijth tugj (Ximt >`), ef`jeey f`ùrrmia mi

nhprhssmfis fi tfp fg Ximts >j jin >b, jrh mithrprhthn

js j`ùcuejtmfis fg `jrbfijths, nhthrcmihn by tohoynrfefam`je pjejhfrhamch, womò `jushn j suppey fg`jrbfijths-rmò arfuinwjthr. J``frnmia tf Chmdhr(:=?8) `jrbfijth j`ùcuejtmfi cjy pjrtey ojvh bhhi

stmcuejthn by `hrtjmi pejits (h.a. @ojrj sp.).

EFJC NH\FPM^MFI FI ÔH @JBHRA^HRRJ@H

XIM^ 8 ('EFJCP')

Jbfvh j ahihrje nhs`rmptmfi fg Ximts 8 jin 7 wjsamvhi. Mt ms wfrtowomeh tf `fismnhr cfrh èfshey tohmrcfnh fg nhpfsmtmfi jin toh rhsuetmia shnmchitjryòjrj`thrmstm`s hsph`mjeey mi rhejtmfi tf toh uinhreymiageuvmje sjins (>) jin toh fvhreymia efhss (1). Brfwimgm-`jtmfi, èjy hirmòchit jin ofcfahimsjtmfi js j rh-suet fg sfme gfrcjtmfi, fgthi nmsturb toh frmamije shnm

chitjry stru`turhs jin òjiah toh thxturje prfphrtmhs

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Gma. 1. Mnhjemzhn H-Q `rfss-sh`tmfi torfuao toh Bhevínïrh-pmt, wmto Ximts > tf 1 (cfnmgmhn jgthr Ghenhr & Bfsò, mi4 Ruhaa, :=?2)- ôh vhrtm`jebjrs rhghr tf toh strjtmarjpom`je ef`jtmfi fg toh cm`rfcfrpofefam`jeey mivhstmajthn prfgmehs (cm 2, cm 0/>, cm 7). ôh iucbhrs mi tfp fg toh

sh`tmfi rhghr tf toh `ffrnmijths fg toh tfpfarjpom`je cjp, sohht if. 7: G (:428.<<<).



M M M M uimt 8 M M M M @ejy hirmòchit |¼¼¼¼| Arjvhe

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Gma. ?. Nhtjmehn vhrtm`je sh`tmfi fg toh efwhr pjrt fg Ximt 7 wmto phrmaej`mje nhgfrcjtmfis jin sfme nhvhefpchit.

oucm` zfih jt toh tfp fg 7 .:, ojs tous `fitmiuhn uitmetoh mimtmje nhpfsmtmfi fg Ximt 7.0.

\HRMAEJ@MJE \OHIFCHIJ JIN

NH\FPM^P4 EMÔFP^RJ^MARJ\OM@\FPM^MFI JIN \JEJHF@EMCJ^M@PMAIMGM@JI@H

Mi toh prhshit Bhevínïrh pmt shvhrje ehvhes fg mivfeu-tmfis jrh prhshit (shh sh`tmfi 2). ôhy jrh jee òjrj`-thrmzhn by j `fistjit nhpto jin toh rhauejr nhvhefpchit fg toh nhgfrcjtmfis fvhr ejrah jrhjs mi ofcf-ahihfus cjthrmje. @fishquhitey tohy cjy bh mithr-prhthn js `ryfturbjtmfis (Wjinhibhraoh, :=?0).

MIWFEX^MFIP JIN @RJ@KP J^ ÔH BJPHXIM^ 1 JIN ÔH ^F\ FG XIM^ 7 (GMA. 2)

FG

ôh upphr twf `ryfturbjtmfi ehvhes jt toh bjsh fg Ximt1 (j) jin toh tfp fg Ximt 7 (b) jrh prfbjbey shpjrjthnby fiey j sofrt phrmfn j``frnmia tf toh strjtmarjpom`jenjtj (Wrhhkhi, :=?>). Ohi`h tohy cjy bhefia tf tohsjch `fen pojsh. ôh rhejtmvh scjee jcpemtunh fg toh`ryfturbjtmfis minm`jths jt ehjst nhhp shjsfije grfst.Ofwhvhr, mi j ihjrby fut`rfp jt Ijahebhhk m`h-whnah `jsts, pfmitmia tf phrcjgrfst `finmtmfis, ojvhbhhi gfuin by Chys ht je. (:=?0) jt toh bjsh fg tohXpphr Pmet Efjc (Ximt 1) jin dust jbfvh toh Ijahebhhk ofrmzfi (Ximt 7.>) (shh jesf Wjinhibhraoh :=?8,toms vfeuch). ôms ehvhe fg m`h-whnah `jsts `fr-rhspfins cfst emkhey wmto toh upphrcfst `ryfturbj

tmfi ehvhe jt Bhevínïrh (j). ôh `fen pojsh, cjimghsthnby toh `ryfturbjtmfi ehvhe j, toh `ryfturbjthn Ijahebhhk ofrmzfi (b) jin toh m`h-whnah `jsts, `fr-rhspfins wmto toh phrmfn wmto phrcjgrfst `finmtmfi Mitoh Qhmòshemji Xpphr \ehimaej`mje njthn jt :?-22.<<<yrs. B.\. (Wjinhibhraoh, :=?0). Pfme gfrcjtmfi nurmia toms phrmfn ms cjmiey emcmthn tf sojeefw behjòmia.Jgthr toh gmije `ryfturbjtmfi j pfeyafije ihtwfrk fggmssurhs ojs nhvhefphn hmtohr by nhsm``jtmfi fr shjsfije grfst.

MIWFEX^MFIP JIN @RJ@KP MI ÔH EFQHR\JR^ FG XIM^ 7

ôh `ryfturbjtmfis (`) jt toh tfp fg Ximt 7.2 sofw ejr-

ahr jcpemtunhs toji toh upphr fihs. Wjeuhs bhtwhhi1< jin :2< `c jrh fbshrvhn, but, smi`h toh tfp fg tohmivfeutmfis ms hrfnhn, omaohr vjeuhs cjy ojvh hxmsthn.ôms typh fg mivfeutmfi jesf pfmits tf toh prhshi`h fgj gfrchr phrcjgrfst (Wjinhibhraoh & Wji nhi

Brfhk, :=?2), jetofuao if m`h-whnah `jsts jrh fbshrvhn jt toms ehvhe. Xp uitme ifw fiey fih Qhmòshemjiphrmfn wmto phrcjgrfst `finmtmfis bhgfrh 28.<<< yrs.B.\. ojs bhhi gfuin mi toms rhamfi, ijchey mi toh Efwhr \ehimaej`mje (`j. 7<-12.<<< yrs. B.\.; Wjinhibhraoh, :=?8). @fishquhitey, toh `ryfturbjtmfi ehvhe` ms, gfr toh tmch bhmia, njthn jt tojt phrmfn.

Jt toh bjsh fg Ximt 7 grfst gmssurhs f`ùr (wmnto4 jghw `c, hx`hpt jt toh tfp `j. :< `c). ôhy minm`jth`mrùcstji`hs fg nhhp shjsfije grfst. Whry ijrrfw`rj`ks ojvh bhhi gfrchn nurmia toh mimtmje nhpfsmtmfifg Ximt 7.2. ôhy jesf pfmit tf `fen `finmtmfis wmto iffr fiey cmifr sifw `fvhr. Ptmee cfrh shvhrh `finmtmfis, ofwhvhr, whrh rhjòhn jgthr toh nhpfsmtmfi fgXimt 7.2. Rjtohr rhauejr mivfeutmfis whrh nhvhefphntf j sjch nhpto.

PEF\H NH\FPM^P MI XIM^ 8.:. (GMAP. 2 JIN ?)

Phnmchitjry stru`turhs jin thxturje òjrj`thrmstm`ssuaahst toh prhshi`h fg cunny gefws. ôhy rhqumrh jthcpfrjry, mcphrchjbeh subsfme jin toh ej`k fg gfrhstvhahtjtmfi. ôh shnmchits cjy bhst bh mithrprhthn jssfemgeu`tmfi nhpfsmts gfrchn uinhr oucmn `finmtmfiswmto shjsfije grfzhi arfuin jin pffr vhahtjtmfi.

MIWFEX^MFIP QMÔMI ÔH ARJWHE XIM^ 0

Pcjee msfejthn nmsturbji`hs f`ùr wmtomi toh arjvhebfny jt nmgghrhit ehvhes. Ahihrjeey tohy jpphjr js up-wjrn nmrh`thn ghjturhs `fitjmimia vhrtm`jeey nmrh`thnphbbehs. ôh vhry phrchjbeh ijturh fg toï arjvhe uimtsuaahsts ji frmami nuh tf grfst j`tmfi. J shjsfijeeygrfzhi arfuin cjy ojvh bhhi suggm`mëit gfr tohmr nhvhefpchit. Fi toh ftohr ojin, mi j ihjrby hxpfsurh(Kemikhrs qujrry) j shrmhs fg ejrah mivfeutmfis ms gfuinjt toh tfp fg toh thrrj`h arjvhes. ôhy jrh rhauejreynhvhefphn jin thstmgy tf, jt ehjst ef`je, phrcjgrfst`finmtmfis (Wjinhibhraoh & Wji nhi Brfhk, :=?2).

:1



@FI@EXPMFIPMi ahihrje thrcs, toh \ehmstf`hih nhpfsmts jt tohCjjstrmòt-Bhevínïrh pmt sofw j prfarhssmvh trjism-tmfi grfc j geuvmje hivmrfichit jt toh bjsh (Ximts 0jin >) tf j purh jhfemji ahihsms jt toh tfp (Ximt 1).

Mi toh gmhen Ximt 8 sofwhn j strmkmia rhshcbeji`hwmto typm`je efhss nhpfsmts; arjmismzh jijeysms jin stu-

ny fg toh shnmchitjry stru`turhs, ofwhvhr, sofwhntojt toms uimt ojs bhhi rhnhpfsmthn jin fiey pjrtey nh-rmvhn grfc ji frmamije efhss nhpfsmt.

Ximt 7 ms j efhss-nhrmvhn nhpfsmt, rhwfrkhn by fvhr-ejin gefw.

ôh shnmchitjry stru`turhs fg toh arjvhe Ximt 0 mi-nm`jth j `fen hivmrfichit nurmia toh gfrcjtmfi fg tomsuimt, womò j``frnmia tf toh thrrj`h strjtmarjpoy cjybh smtujthn mi toh Pjjemji phrmfn. ^fwjrns toh hin fgtoh rmvhr j`tmvmty efwhr hihrahtm` `finmtmfis prhvjmehn(Ximt >); toh geuvmje shrmhs ms `fièunhn by toh nhvh-efpchit fg j sfme fg mithraej`mje typh.

ôh shnmchitjry stru`turhs fg Ximt 8 suaahst j rhturi tf `fenhr `finmtmfis, mithrrupthn by j phrmfn fgwjrchr `finmtmfis bhtwhhi toh nhpfsmtmfi fg Ximts8.: jin 8.2, js hxhcpemgmhn by toh f`ùrrhi`h fgpjejhfsfe rhcijits. Mi toh tfp fg toh Ximt 8 (Pjjemjinhpfsmts) toh Rf`furt-sfme ms nhvhefphn, ahihrjeeyjs`rmbhn tf Hhcmji sfme gfrcjtmfi.

ôh Qhmòshemji nhpfsmts sofw hvmnhi`h fg twfphrmfns wmto phrcjgrfst `finmtmfis.

J@KIFQEHNAHCHI^P

Qh smi`hrhey tojik Nr. J. @. Mchsfi (Ximvhrsmty fg Jcsthrnjc)jin Nr. E. Krffk (Grhh Ximvhrsmty, Jcsthrnjc! gfr `rmtm`je rhjnmiafg toh cjius`rmpt jin tgmhmr suaahstmfis gfr mcprfvhchit. ^gmjiksjrh jesf nuh tf Nrs. A. O. D. Ruhaa, Cr. \. Q. Bfsò jin Cr. Q.C. Ghenhr fg toh Ahfefam`je Purvhy fg ôh Ihtohrejins gfr phrcms-smfi tf ush tohmr uipubemsohn gmhen jin ejbfrjtfry njtj fg toh Bhevínïrh pmt.

^f Cr. D. Ihnhrefg jin Cr. O. nh Efrc (Mistmtuth fg \rhomstfry,Ehmnhi Ximvhrsmty) wh jrh cuò fbemahn gfr cjkmia toh nrjwmias,jin tf Crs. C. Bffih, Cr. R. vji Hesjs, Cr. C. Kfihrt jin Cr.\. Qjrthibhrao gfr toh arjmi-smzh jijeyshs mi toh ejbfrjtfrmhs fg tohMistmtuth fg Hjrto P`mhi`hs fg toh Grhh Ximvhrsmty fg Jcsthrnjcjin fg toh Ejbfrjtfry fg \oysm`je Ahfarjpoy jin Pfme P`mhi`h,Ximvhrsmty fg Jcsthrnjc. Crs. C. vji nhr Pjinhi (Mistmtuth fg\rhomstfry, Ehmnhi Ximvhrsmty) typhn toh thxt.

RHGHRHI@HP

BJKKHR, O. NH & D. P@OHEEMIA, :=774 Pysthhc vji bfnhcèjssmgm`jtmh vffr Ihnhrejin. Nh ofahrh imvhjus. \unf`, Qjahimiahi,

2:1 pp.BFP@O, \. Q . , :=184 Nh arfhvh "Bhe vín ïrh" th Cjjstrmòt. -

Arfinbffr hi Ojchr 2=, :0-02.BRXHRHI, D . Q . R., :=>8; Oht thrrjsshiejinsòjp vji Tumn-

Emcbura. - Chnhnh emiahi Ahfe. Ptmò t. Phrmh @-WM- if. :, :-=0,Cjjstrmòt.

NF\\HR , D. Q. @OR,, A. O . D. RXHAA, @. D . WJI P^JJENXMIHI, Q .

O. TJAQMDI & D. A. TJINP^RJ, :=184 Gfrcjtmhs vji oht Kwjrtjmrhi Bfvhi-^hrtmjmr mi Ihnhrejin. Mi4 Q. O. Tjawmdi & @. D. vjiPtjjenumihi (hns.)4 ^fhemòtmia bmd ahfefamsòh fvhrzmòtskjjrthivji Ihnhrejin, ::-87. Rmdks Ahfefamsòh Nmhist, Ojjrehc.

G.J.F., :=1>4 GJF-XIHP@F Pfme cjp fg toh wfren . Wfe. :. Ehahinj. Xihs`f, \jrms, 8= pp.

AXEEHI^F\P, G., :=8>4 @fitrmbutmfis ï ej òrfifefamh nu pehmstf`hih ht nhs gfrchs nu rhemhg hi Bheamquh. - Cm'cf mrhs nh e'eis tmtu tAífefamquh nh e'Ximvhrsmtí nh Efuvjmi :?, Æ28-282.

OJHPJHR^P, \., H. DXWMAIÏ, F. P . KX]E , O. D . CÕ@OHR & Q. RFH-

BRFHKP, :=?:4 @fcpth rhinu nh e'hxùrsmfi nu :0 dumi :=?:, hiOhsbjyh ht ju Emcbfura Iïhrejinjms, `fisj`ríh ï ej òrfifstrj-tmarj pomh nhs efhss nu pehmstf`hih supírmhur. - Jiijehs Pf`.Aífe. Bhea. :<>, 220-2><.

KEHMI, Q . @., :=:>4 Oht nmeuvmuc vji nh Emcburash Cjjs. - Whrojinhemiahivji Ahfe. Cmdibfuwkuinma Ahifftsòjp, Ahfe. Ph

rmh 2, :-::2.KFEGP@OF^HI, ^ . WJI, :=?84 ôh Cmnnmh \ehmstf`hih (Pjjemji) jin

Ejth pehmstf`hih (Qhmòshemji) cjccje gjuijs grfcCjjstrmòt-Bhevínïrh (Pfutohri Emcbura, ôh Ihtohrejins). „Chnhn. Rmdks Ahfefamsòh Nmhist 0= -: , >8-1>.

KX]E, F. P., :=1:4 Ahfefamsòh fvhrzmòtskjjrt vji Tumn-Emcbura(Kwjrtjmr jgahnhkt), sòjje :4:<<.<<<. Rmdks Ahfefamsòh Nmhist,Ahfefamsò Burhju vffr oht Cmdiahbmhn, Ohhrehi.

CHMDHR, ^., :=?84 ôh prh-Qhmòshemji ifi-cjrmih cfeeus`ji gjuij grfc Cjjstrmòt-Bhevínïrh (Pfutohri Emcbura, ôh Ihtohrejins). - Chnhn, Rmdks Ahfefamsòh Nmhist 0= -:, 18-:<>.

CHMD P, H., O. D . CÕ@OHR, A. FXQHRKHRK, J. RF CHMI, Ht O. P^FE^HI-

BHRA, :=?04 Hvmnhi`h fg toh prhshi`h fg toh HMtvmeeh ûgg Ejyhr miNutò jin Bheamji Emcbfura jin toh `fishquhi`hs gfr toh efhssstrjt marjpoy. - Hmszhmtjethr u. Ahahiwjrt 00, 8=-1?.

CÕ@OHR, O. D., :=104 Hikheh jsph`thi vji nh efhss hi zmdi iffrnhemdkh bharhizmia, mi oht bmdzfinhr mi Bheamsò hi Ihnhrejins Emc

bura hi mi oht njjrjjiarhizhinh ahbmhn mi Numtsejin. „K . I . J . A . Ahfarjgmsò ^mdnsòrmgt 1, 28=-217.CÕ@OHR, O. D., :=?84 Cm`rfcfrpofefam`je stuny fg toh ^hrrj`h

Pjins (Ximt >) jin 'Efjcs' (Ximt 8) jin tohmr pjejhfsfes mi tohBhevínïrh pmt ihjr Cjjstrmòt, sfutohri Emcbura, ôh Ihtohrejins. - Chnh n. Rmdks Ahfefam sòh Nmhist 0= -:, :=-0<.

Cõ@KHIOJXPHI, H. :=724 Histhouia, Hmahisòjgthi uin Pysthcj-tmk nhr Bfnhi, nhr Buinhsrhpubemk Nhutsòejin. NEA-WhrejaA.c.b.O., Grjikgurt.C., :>? pp.

\JXEMPPHI, H., :=104 Nh cfrgfefamh hi nh kwjrtjmrstrjtmarjgmh vjinh Cjjsvjeehm mi Bheamsò Emcbura . „ Whrojinhemiahi vji nhKfi. J`jnhcmh vffr Qhthi sòjpp hi, Ehtthrhi hi PòfihKuisthi vji Bheamë, Kejssh nhr Qhthisòjpphi, Da. 08, :21,:-277. \jehms nhr J`jnhcmhëi, Brusshe.

RFHBRFHKP, Q . , :=?84 Jròjhfefam`je rhshjrò jt toh Cjjstrmòt-Bhevínïrh pmt4 j rhvmhw. „ Chnhn. Rmdks Ahfefamsòh Nmhist0=-:, :<=-::?.

RXHAA, A., :=?24 Kfrrhearfftth vji jgzhttmiahi umt oht ofahrh nhhevji nh arfhvh Bhevínïrh. - Mithri rjppfrt if. 1:, Rmdks Ahfefam sòh Nmhist, Ojjrehc.

P^RJJ^HI, E. WJI, :=>74 Arminfinhrzfhk mi Tumn-Emcbura. „ Chnhnhemiahi Ahfe. Ptmòt, shrmh @-WM-2, :-:>7, Ehmnhi.

WJINHIBHRAOH, D., :=?04 Pfch phrmaej`mje pohifchij jin tohmrstrjtmarjpom`je pfsmtmfi mi Qhmòshemji nhpfsmts mi ôh Ihtohrejins. \fejrgfrsòuia 80, =1-:<1.

WJINHIBHRAOH, D., :=?84 Pfeutmfi sefts fr m`h-whnah `jsts6 „ Chnhn. Rmdks Ahfefam sòh Nmhist 0=-: , 1-:?.

WJINHIBHRAOH, D., :=?84 \jehfhivmrfichit jin strjtmarjpoy nurmia toh Ejst Aej`mje mi toh Bheamji-Nutò bfrnhr rhamfi. Zujthr-ijry Rhshjrò 2>, 20-0?.

WJINHIBHRAOH, D . , & \. WJI NHI BRFHK, :=?24 Qhmòsh emji `f iv f-eutmfi pohif chij jin prf`hsshs mi gmih shnmchits. - Bfrhjs::, 2==-0:8.

WRHHKHI, Q . D . :=?>4 (Rh)nhpfsmtmfi fg efhss mi sfutohri Emc

bfura, ôh Ihtohrejins. 0. Gmhen hvmnhi`h gfr `finmtmfis fg nhpfsmtmfi fg toh Cmnnmh jin Xpphr Pmet Efjc @fcpehxhs, jinejins`jph hvfeut mfi jt Ijahebhhk. „ Hjrto Purgj`h \rf`hsshsjin Ejingfrcs =, :-:?.

WRHHKHI, Q . D . Ht O. D. CÕ@OHR, :=?:4 (Rh)nhpfsmtmfi fg efhss misfutohri Emcbfura, ôh Ihtohrejins. :. Gmhen hvmnhi`h gfr `finmtm fis fg nhpfs mtmfi fg Efwhr Pmet Efjc @fcpehx. - Hjrto Purgj`h \rf`hsshs jin Ejingfrcs 7, 001-08>.

TFIIHWHEN, D . M. P., :=>=4 Tjin-phtrfe famsòh finhrzfhkmiahi minh thrrjsshi vji Tumn-Emcbura. „ Chnhnhemiahi Ahfe. Ptmòt.I.P. 0, :<0-:20.



CM@RFCFR\OFEFAM@JE P^XN] FG ÔH ^HRRJ@H PJINP O D CÕ@OHR-

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ôh cm`rfcfrpofefam`je stuny fg toh Ximts > (^hrrj`h Pjins) jin8 ('Efjcs') mi toh Bhevínïrh pmt rhvhjehn tojt toh smth cjmiey `ji bhrhajrnhn js j shnmchit rh`hmvmia jrhj, wMto shnmchitjtmfi nurmiauistjbeh phrmfns (Ku-`yèhs) jin gfrcjtmfi fg pjejhfsfes nurmiastjbeh phrmfns (Ks-`yèhs). ôrhh uistjbeh phrmfns jrh nmstmiaum-sohn4 Keu, K2u jin K0u wmto nhpfsmtmfi fg Ximts >j-`, Ximt 8.: jinXimt 8.2 rhsph`tmvhey, cjmiey mi j sojeefw geuvmje jin bj`kswjcp-

emkh hivmrfichit jin tf j ehsshr hxthit by sohht gefw (rjmiwjso jinjgthrg efw).Grfc toh stjbeh phrmfns mi bhtvU/hhi (Kms, K2s jin K0s) strfiaey

tf cfnhrjthey trui`jthn burmhn pjejhfsfes jrh gfuin. ôh pjejhfsfe

rhcijits suaahst toh gfrcjtmfi fg j whee-nrjmihn Euvmsfe fi tohomaohr pjrts jin j Aehym` Euvmsfe mi toh efwhr pjrts fg toh ejins`jphnurmia toh gmrst stjbeh `yèh (Kms). Minm`jtmfis gfr sfme gfrcjtmfi nurmia toh K2s-`yèh jrh vhry emcmthn, suaahstmia toh prhshi`h fg jwhjkey trui`jthn mi`mpmhit sfme fr fg j strfiaey trui`jthn Euvmsfe.Nurmia toh K0s-`yèh toh pjejhfsfe rhcijits suaahst gfrcjtmfi fgj cjmiey whee-nrjmihn Euvmsfe.

ôms typh fg sfmes `fuen bh gfrchn mi j thcphrjth èmcjth uinhrnh`mnufus gfrhst.

Mt ms suaahsthn tojt prhomstfrmh cji vmsmthn toh Bhevínïrh smth fi-ey sofrtey nurmia toh uistjbeh phrmfns.^hporj ejyhrs jrh ift minm`jthn mi toh pmt.

MI^RFNX@^MFIMWem`rfcfrpofefam`je jijeysms, usmia tommi sh`tmfis, cj-e5hs mt pfssmbeh tf stuny uinhr tgmh pfejrmzjtmfi cm`rfs`fph toh `fcpfihits mi shnmchits jin sfmes mi tohmrcutuje rhejtmfisomp. Ghjturhs rhsuetmia grfc prmcjryshnmchitjtmfi `ji bh nmstmiaumsohn grfc phnfefam`je

pohifchij, js j rhsuet fg sfme gfrcjtmfi mi toh pjst,h.a. phnfrhem`ts, fr nuh tf sfme gfrcjtmfi mi smtu jgthrnhpfsmtmfi. ôh phnfefam`je ghjturhs `ji fgthi subsh-quhitey bh jrrjiahn mi tohmr shquhi`h fg gfrcjtmfi.

ôh `fcpem`jthn omstfry fg Zujthrijry shnmchitjtmfi jin sfme gfrcjtmfi ms `fismnhrhn tf bh nhthrcmihnby grhquhit sojrp òjiahs mi toh hivmrfichit, rhsuetmia grfc èmcjtm` geu`tujtmfis.

ôh K-`yèh (K gfr Krfifs 3 tmch) `fi`hpt prfpf-shn by Butehr (:=8=) nmvmnhs toh Zujthrijry phrmfn migf stjbeh phrmfns (Ks-`yèhs), nfcmijthn by sfme gfrcjtmfi, jin uistjbeh phrmfns (Ku-`yèhs), nfcmijthnby hrfsmfi, shnmchitjtmfi jin toh gfrcjtmfi fg sefphnhpfsmts. Grfc j shnmchitjry pfmit fg vmhw, twf ty

phs fg hivmrfichit `ji bh rh`faimshn mi toh ejins`jph (shh Gma. :)4 shnmchit prfnu`mia fr hrfsmfijejrhjs, jin shnmchit rh`hmvmia jrhjs.

EJINP@J\H

Phnmchit Rh`hmvmia JrhjsPhnmchit \rfnu`mia Jrhjs

frHrfsmfije Jrhjs

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Gma. :. Pòhcjtm` prhshitjtmfi fg toh hvhits mi toh ejins`jph nurmia Ptjbeh jin uistjbeh phrmfns.

Nurmia Ku-`yèhs mi shnmchit prfnu`mia jrhjs, js jrhsuet fg hrfsmfi, sfme prfgmehs jrh trui`jthn, jin sefphnhpfsmts jrh gfrchn. Mi shnmchit rh`hmvmia jrhjs shnmchitjtmfi f`ùrs jin sfmes jrh burmhn, gfrcmia sf-

`jeehn pjejhfsfes (h.a. burmhn sfmes womò ojvh gfrchn

mi ejins`jphs fg toh pjst).Nurmia Ks-`yèhs mi toh shnmchit-prfnu`mia jrhjs,

sfme gfrcjtmfi khhps pj`h wmto rhcfvje fg cjthrmje byhrfsmfi, jin mi toh shnmchit rh`hmvmia jrhjs sfme gfrcjtmfi f`ùrs nurmia phrmfns fg ifi-nhpfsmtmfi fr rh-ejtmvhey tom`k sfmes jrh gfrchn by nhpfsmtmfi fg grhsocjthrmje, gfrcmia sf-`jeehn ùcuejtmvh sfmes (Bmrkh-

ejin, :=1>; Cõòhr jin Cfrfzfvj, :=?0).ôh Grhiò ahfefamst Hrojrt (:=87) nmstmiaumsohn

twf typhs fg phrmfns mi ahfefam`je omstfry. Mi phrmfnsfg bmfefam`je hqumembrmuc, toh sf-`jeehn 'phrmfnhs nhbmfstjsmh', sfme gfrcjtmfi f`ùrrhn, wohrhjs mi phrmfnsfg mistjbmemty, toh sf-`jeehn 'pírmfnhs nh rohxmstjsmh'cfst shnmchits jrh gfrchn.

ôh cj`rfcfrpofefam`je Mnhitmgm`jtmfi fg pjejhfsfesmi toh gmhen ms, j``frnmia tf Wjehitmih jin Njerycpeh(:=18, :=17), fiey pfssmbeh mg tohy f`ùr mi j pjejhf`j-thijry shquhi`h, sofwmia ji h`fefam`je `jthijry rhejtmfisomp. Può ejthrje vjrmjtmfis mi uiwhjtohrhnZujthrijry shnmchits `jiift bh rhprfnu`hn by shnmchitjtmfi jin nmjahihsms. Mg j pjejhf`jthij ms pffreynhvhefphn fr hxpfshn mi toh gmhen, womò fgthi f`ùrs, cm`rfcfrpofefay `ji `fitrmbuth by mnhitmgymiatoh mighrrhn pjejhfsfes hmtohr js mi smtu fr js `fi-smstmia fg trjispfrthn (sfme) cjthrmje (Cõòhr, :=10j,b; Cmdòhr jin Cfrfzfvj, :=?0).

Js wmee bh meeustrjthn, toh Bhevínïrh smth `ji cjmieybh rhajrnhn js j shnmchit rh`hmvmia jrhj wmto shnmchitjtmfi nurmia uistjbeh phrmfns jin gfrcjtmfi fgpjejhfsfes nurmia stjbeh phrmfns. Ofwhvhr, toh f`ùr-rhi`h fg burmhn trui`jthn pjejhfsfes mi toh hx`jvjtmfithstmgy tojt toh smth ojs jesf j`thn mi toh pjst f``jsmf-ijeey js j shnmchit prfnu`mia jrhj.

ôh cm`rfcfrpofefam`je stuny fg toh ^hrrj`h

Pjins (Ximt >) jin 'Efjcs' (Ximt 8) mi toh Bhevínïrhpmt ms gmrstey gfùsshn fi toh `fcpfsmtmfi jin stru`tu-rh fg toh shnmchits, sf js tf rhvhje hvmnhi`h `fi`hr-imia toh hivmrfichitje `finmtmfis jt toh tmch fg tohmrgfrcjtmfi nurmia uistjbeh phrmfns. Ph`finey, jtthi-tmfi ms amvhi tf sfme gfrcjtmfi jgthr nhpfsmtmfi mi j stjbeh phrmfn, jin tomrney tf toh trj`mia fg ghjturhs womò`fuen bh toh rhsuet fg oucji j`tmvmty mi toh pjst.

CHÔFNPôh gmhen survhy wjs `jrrmhn fut by chjis fg fbshrvj-tmfis mi toh pmt. Gfr toh nhs`rmptmfi fg sfmes jin shnmchits ush ms cjnh fg toh 'GJF Aumnhemihs gfr Pfme

\rfgmeh Nhs`rmptmfi' (GJZ, :=7?), jin tohmr `fefurs jrh

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( \jeh brf wi (:<]R 7/0) ejcmij thn smet efjc wmto j arjy ofrm zfitj e, ejyhr hièfshn, jin ghw grfst `rj`ks. Jbrupt jin wjvy bfuinjryg wmto ofrmzfi bhefw.

U Rhnnmso yhee fw {1,8]R 7/7) ofcfah ihfus smet efjc wm to j cjssmvh d stru` turh, jin j èhjr jin scffto bfui njry wmto ofrmzfi bhefw .

; ôh cftte hn zfih4 U yhe efwmso brfwi (eF]R 7/7 ) efjc wm to `f cc fi vhry pjeh brfwiM (:<]R 1/>) chttehs jin vhry ghw arjvhe. @ehjr jin scf fto bf ui-' njry wmt o ofrmzfi bhefw.

: ]heefwmso brfwi (:<]R 8/7) efjcy gmih sjin arjnmia mi upwjrn' nmrh`tm fi mitf vhry gmih sjiny efjc jin efjc, F``jsmfijeey j gmihM arjvhe ejyhr subpjrjeehe tf toh surgj`h. Jbrup t jin scffto bfui-' njry wmt o ofrmzfi bhefw.

U Emaot yheefw mso brfw i (:<]R 7/>) jin emaot brfwimso arjy (:<]R7/2 efjcy gmih sjin jin gmih sjin wmto j ejcmijtmfi subpjrjeehe

/ tf toh sur gj`h.

2. \rfgmeh Cm.2 (jròjhfefam`je smth J jt toh bjsh fg Ximt 8.2) jt toh hjsthri smnh fg toh ehvhh, wmto toh ef`jtmfis fg toh tomi sh`tmfis,irs. 1>=-188,

nhs`rmbhn j``frnmia tf toh 'Cuishee Pfme @fefr @ojrts'(Jifiycfus, :=8>). ôh sfmes jrh èjssmgmhn j``frn miatf toh 'Ehahin fg toh Pfme Cjp fg toh Qfren' (GJF,:=1>).

Js j cjtthr fg gj`t toh sfme èjssegm`jtmfis ojn tf bhbjshn fi toh j`tuje òjrj`thrmstm`s fg toh burmhn sfmeprfgmehs, womò jrh cfstey cfnhrjthey tf strfiaey hrf-nhn, rhsuetmia mi toh nmsjpphjrji`h fg toh J ofrmzfis.@fishquhitey toh èjssegm`jtmfis cust bh rhajrnhn jsjpprfxmcjtmfis.

Gfr cm`rfcfrpofefam`je stuny uinmsturbhn sjcpehsjrh tjkhi wmto tmis. ôh uinmsturbhn sjcpehs, gmrst jmr-nrmhn, jin tohi nrmhn mi ji fvhi jt ><¼@, jrh mcprha-ijthn uinhr vjùõc wmto uisjturjthn pfeyhsthr rh-smi, Grhi`khi-Pyifemth, typh if. 8>>-7>-<<8<, usmiacfifstyrhih js j tomiihr. ^f mcprfvh mcprhaijtmfi,j prhssurh fg ? jtcfspohrhs ms hxhrthn fi toh sjcpehsgfr fih ofur wmto imtrfahi, gmijeey gfemfwhn fi`h

jajmi by hvjùjtmfi fg toh jmr. Jgthr smx whhks fg ojr-

nhimia mi j guch ùpbfjrn toh tomi sh`tmfis jrh prh-pjrhn gfeefwmia toh chtofn nhs`rmbhn by Dfiahrmusjin Ohmitzbhrahr (:=18). ôh tomi sh`tmfis (?x8 `c,f``jsmfijeey cjccfto-smzhn4 : 8 x ? `c , jin 2< /mctom`k) jrh stunmhn mi trjiscmtthn emaot wmto j 'Ehmtz' fr-tofpeji pfejrmzmia cm`rfs`fph. Gfr toh nhs`rmptmfijin mithrprhtjtmfi fg toh tomi sh`tmfis, bjshn fi tohchtofn jin sòhchs fg Bfet jin Cõòhr (:=?>), tohthrcmifefay fg Brhwhr (:=17) ms ushn, sõppehchithnwmto thrcs mitrfnu`hn by vji Pòuymhibfrao ht je.(:=1<).

RHPXE^P JIN MI^HR\RH^J^MFI

ôh tfpfarjpom`je ef`jtmfi fg toh jròjhfefam`je smthswomò prfgmehs ojvh bhhi mivhstmajthn (Cm.: tf Cm.7)ms amvhi mi Rfhbrfhks (:=?8), gmaurh :. ôh vhrtm`je pf-smtmfi fg Cm.2, Cm.0, Cm.> jin Cm.7 ms minm`jthn mi toh

`rfss-sh`tmfi mi gmaurh 1 (Wjinhibhraoh ht je., :=?8).

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Emaot yheefwmso brfwi (2.8 ] 7/>), semaotey ejcmijthn, efjc. Jbruptjin wjvy bfuinjry wmto ofrmzfi bhefw.

Emaot yheefwmso brfwi (2.8] 7/>) efjc wmto j cjssmvh stru`turh jinrhnnmso yheefw (8]R 7/?) mrfi cfttehs. Jbrupt jin wjvy bfuinjrywmto ofrmzfi bhefw.

Emaot arjy (2.8] 1/2) ejcmijthn efjcy vhry gmih sjin tf vhry gmihsjiny efjc wmto emaot yheefwmso brfwi (2.8] 7/>) tomi èjy ejcmijh.

Gma. 0. \rfgmeh Cm.7 jt toh whsthri smnh fg toh ehvhh (jròjhfefam`je smth @ mi Ximts >j jin >b), wmto toh ef`jtmfis fg toh tomi sh`tmfis, irs.=<0-=<7.

ôh `jrbfijth (prhsucjbey `je`mth) ifnuehs jinùtjis, bjshn fi tohmr pfsmtmfi mi toh prfgmeh jin fitoh jrameejis, jrh rhajrnhn js gfrcjtmfis mi j iifrh rh`hit K-`yèh, nuh tf nmssfeutefi fg `jrbfijths grfctoh fvhreymia `je`jrhfus Cmnnmh Pmet Efjc (Ximt 7).

ôh buek fg toh pjpuehs f`ùrs mi j smcmejr wjy jstoh meeuvmjtmfi jrameejis mi toh prfgmeh jin rhshcbehhjò ftohr cfrpofefam`jeey. Mt ms suaahsthn tojt tohpjpuehs jrh toh rhsuet fg j nmsturbji`h fg meeuvmjtmfiùtjis cjmiey by bmfahihtm` phnfturbjtmfis, je-tofuao `ryfahim` nhgfrcjtmfis `ji ift bh hxèunhn.Ofwhvhr, minm`jtmfis gfr grfst j`tmfi jrh vhry emcmthn.Fiey toh smet-`jppmia, js chitmfihn prhvmfusey jerhj-ny mi tomi sh`tmfi 180, `ji bh gfrchn by iihetwjthr jg-thr tojwmia fg toh surgj`h sfme (shh Rfcjis ht je.,:=77; @feemis jin <'Nubojmi, :=?<). Ofwhvhr, ftohrpohifchij, womò `fuen bh gfrchn by `ryfahim`prf`hsshs, chitmfihn, gfr hxjcpeh, by @futjrn jinCõòhr (:=?8), Cõòhr jin Cfrfzfvj (:=?0) jinWji Wemht-Ejifë ht je. (:=?>), jrh ift fbshrvhn.

ôms pjejhfsfe fg toh gmrst stjbeh pojsh (Kms), ejrah-ey bjshn fi toh prhshi`h fg j whee-nrjmihn jrameem` ofrmzfi, ms èjssmgmhn js j Euvmsfe, gfrchn uinhr j nh`m-nufus gfrhst mi j thcphrjturh èmcjth. Mi toh jbshi`hfg ji J ofrmzfi toms èjssmgm`jtmfi `ji fiey bh thitjtm-vh.

Minm`jtmfis gfr oucji j`tmvmty jrh ift gfuin mi Ximt

>j fg toms prfgmeh.

Mi Ximt >j mi toh efwhr pjrt fg toh prfgmeh Cm.7 emttehsfme gfrcjtmfi f`ùrs. Mi toh gmrst stjbeh K-`yèh (Kms)toh phnfahihsms ms òjrj`thrmzhn by4 rhnu`tmfi fg tohejrahst pjrt fg toh uimt, ef`jeey mrfi sharhajtmfi by fxm-njtmfi wmto gfrcjtmfi fg ghrrm` ifnuehs, jnnmtmfijeeyghw jrameej`hfus pjpuehs f`ùr. Bmfefam`je ghjturhsjrh ift fbshrvhn. ôh pjpuehs `ji bh toh rhsuet fg nh-gfrcjtmfi fg sfch meeuvmjthn jrameejis grfc j ofrmzfijbfvh by sormikjah jin swheemia cfvhchits.

Bjshn fi toh oynrfcfrpom` pohifchij jin tohihjrey jbshi`h fg ftohr phnfefam`je ghjturhs, toms ofrmzfi ms èjssmgmhn js j @a (pjrhit cjthrmje wmto aehyòjrj`thrmstm`s), gfrchn mi j cjmiey wht hivmrfichit.

Minm`jtmfis gfr oucji j`tmvmty jrh ift gfuin mi tomsuimt.

Ximts >b jin >`Ximts >b jrh sjcpehn mi toh prfgmehs Cm.7'(Gma. 0) jinmi prfgmeh Cm.0 (Gma. >) sfchwojt gurtohr tf toh whst.Ef`jeey, jt smth Cm.8, toh uimt ms `je`jrhfus (Ximt >`).

Phnmchitjtmfi mi toh Keu-`yèhMi prfgmeh Cm.7 Ximt >b `frrhspfins ejrahey wmto Ximt>j (tomi sh`tmfi =<0) fg toh sjch prfgmeh. ôh shnmchit (tomi sh`tmfi =<>) ms sfchwojt gmihr thxturhn,fiey mi`mnhitjeey chnmuc sjin-smzhn arjmis up tf jcjxmcuc fg 0<< Yc mi nmjchthr jrh fbshrvhn. Ejcm

ijh fg sjin ojrney f`ùr jiy cfrh, sfchtmchs sjin-

20



\jeh brfwi (:<]R 7/0) ejcmijthnsmet efjc wmto jbrupt jin wjvybfuinjry wmto ofrmzfi bhefw.

Rhnnmso yheefw (1.8]R 7/7), ofcfahihfus smet efjc wmto j cjs-smvh stru`turh, jin jbrupt jinscffto bfuinjry wmto ofrmzfibhefw.

Hièfshn jt j nhpto fg 80.:-80.<c -t- I.J.\. (Nutò Frniji`hEhvhe-N.F.E.) j ofrmzfitje bjinfg brfwi (:<]R 8/0) smet efjcwmto j cjssmvh stru`turh. Jbruptjin scffto bfuinjrmhs wmto of-rmzfis jbfvh jin bhefw.

c. +IJ\

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c.IJ\ Ximt8.2

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Femvh (8] 8/0) semaotey bjinhnsjiny efjc jin efjc wmto rhnnmso yheefw (8]R 7/?) mrfi cftt-ehs, jin ji jbrupt jin wjvybfuinjry wmto ofrmzfi bhefw.

/

Femvh (8] 8/0) smety èjy wmto j' cjssmvh stru`turh, ef`jeey `je`j-

rhfus (\rfg. Cm.8) jin rhnnmso

yheefw (8]R 7/?) mrfi cfttehs,jin ji jbrupt jin wjvy bfuinjry wmto ofrmzfi bhefw.

k.Emaot arjy (2.8] 1/2) ejcmijthnefjcy vhry gmih sjin wmto emaotyheefwmso brfwi (2.8] 7/>) tomièjy ejcmijh (ehss toji 8 cctom`k).

Gma. >. \rfgmeh Cm.0 (jt toh rmaot) mi j bj`kswjcp-emkh hivmrfichit (Ximt >b), wmto toh ef`jtmfis fg toh tomi sh`tmfis, irs. ?>:-?0=. Jt tohehgt prfgmeh Cm.> mi Ximt 8.2 ('Efjcs'), `fismstmia fg cjmiey ofcfahihfus smet efjc wmto toh ef`jtmfis fg toh tomi sh`tmfis, irs. ?>1-?>2,

jin j arjvhe ejyhr jt toh bjsh (jròjhfefam`je smth B wmto jrthgj`ts mi Ximts >b jin mi toh bjsh fg Ximt 8.2).

smzhn arjmis jrh fbshrvhn mi èusthrs. Emtofrhem`ts jrh

ift fbshrvhn. (Pub)ofrmzfitje jin vhrtm`je pejihs f`-ùr, jin ef`jeey jesf vuaos. ôh skhehtfi arjmis jrhhcbhnnhn mi j arfuincjss fg emaot arjy uimstrmje èjy(pjrjeehe wmto toh surgj`h) mi j pfrpoyrm` jrrjiahiihit.

ôh uimstrmje gjbrm` fg toh èjy jin toh `fitmiujtmfifg gmimia mi ji upwjrn nmrh`tmfi ms smcmejr tf tojt shhimi tomi sh`tmfi =<0, suaahstmia jesf geuvmje nhpfsmtmfinurmia toh gmrst uistjbeh `yèh (Keu) mi j bj`kswjcp-emkh hivmrfichit.

Mi prfgmeh Cm.0, toh efwhr pjrt fg Ximt >b (tomi sh`tmfi ?>:), `fitjmis cfrh èjy toji toh sjch uimt miprhvmfus prfgmeh Cm.7. ôh gjbrm` fg toh emaot arjy èjyms jajmi uimstrmje, mi womò smet, gmih jin chnmuc sjinarjmis, up tf j cjxmcuc fg 0<< Yc mi nmjchthr, jin

f``jsmfijeey emtofrhem`ts fg qujrtzmth, jrh hcbhnnhn mij pfrpoyrm` jrrjiahchit. Mi ji upwjrn nmrh`tmfi (tomish`tmfi ?><) toh èjy `fithit nh`rhjshs sunnhiey, jintoh s-cjtrmx ms cjmiey `fcpfshn fg smet jin sjinarjmis, `fccfiey up tf 8<< /mc mi nmjchthr, wmto emttehwhjk uimstrmje èjy mi bhtwhhi, gfrcmia j nhish pfrpoyrm` jrrjiahchit. Fiey vhry ghw gmih tf `fjrshsjin-smzhn (up tf 78< /mc mi nmjchthr) qujrtzmths f`-ùr. Jnnmtmfijeey, cm`rf nhprhssmfis jrh fbshrvhnwmto ji migmeemia `fismstmia fg whee-sfrthn ejcmijh fg4èjy, fr èjy cmxhn wmto vhry gmih smet, fr vhry gmih smetarjmis (ehss toji :< /mc mi nmjchthr) fr gmih smet (ehsstoji 0< /mc mi nmjchthr). ôh tom`kihss fg toh minmvm-nuje ejcmijh nfhs ift hx`hhn 8<< Yc. Rhcijits fg

ejyhrs, `fismstmia fg uisfrthn smet, 7<< /xc tom`k, jrh

jesf gfuin.ôh òjiah grfc èjyhy tf `fjrshr nhpfsmts, wmto

nhprhssmfi migmeemias fg ejcmijthn gmih cjthrmje, sua-ahst ji jethrijtmfi grfc j rhejtmvh `jec bj`kswjcp-emkh hivmrfichit tf j cfrh mithrcmtthn hivmrfichit.Mi toh ejst-chitmfihn hivmrfichit, shnmchitjtmfi f`-ùrrhn fg uisfrthn `fjrshr cjthrmje mi sojeefw wjthr,jin hrfsmfi wmto gfrcjtmfi fg nhprhssmfis fi toh fihojin, jin fi toh ftohr ojin amvmia rmsh tf toh gfrcjtmfi fg whee-sfrthn tomi ejcmijh, pfssmbey nhpfsmthn byfvhrejin gefw fr by chetwjthr wmto j ejcmijr gefw jinwmtofut smcuetjihfus rjminrfp mcpj`t.

Cfrh tf toh whst, jt smth Cm.8, mi toh vm`mimty fg prfgmeh Cm.0, Ximt > ms `je`jrhfus, h.a. Ximt >`.

ôrhh cjccfto-smzhn tomi sh`tmfis (irs. ?>?-?8<)whrh tjkhi mi toms uimt, sofwmia grfc bfttfc tf tfp4- j ejyhr fg ihjrey 0 `c tom`k cm`rf-`rms tjeemih `jrbf-

ijth cjthrmje (cm`rmth) mi womò smet, vhry gmih jingmih sjin arjmis (up tf :0< Yc mi nmjchthr) jrh hcbhnnhn mi j pfrpoyrm` jrrjiahchit. Jnnmtmfijeeyvhry ghw Bt-ifnuehs (nmjchthr 2 cc) jrh fbshrvhn, h.a. phnfrhem`ts fg ji fenhr sfme ofrmzfi, jinPohee grjachits.

- ji jecfst ifi-`je`jrhfus ejyhr, 2 `c tom `k, `fismstmia fg arjy uimstrmje èjy mi womò ms hcbhnnhnsfch smet, vhry gmih jin gmih sjin arjmis (up tf :8<

/tc mi n mjchthr), jin sohee grjachits. Mi toms, ef`jeey vhry tomi (0<<-8<< ic) uimstrmje èjy ejcmijh f`-

2>



ùr pjrjeehe wmto toh surgj`h. ôh bfuinjry wmtotoh efwhr cm`rmth nhpfímt ms arjnuje.

- j 8 tf 1 `c tom`k ejyhr fg ejcmijthn gmih sjin (uptft 08< mmc mi nmjchthr), effshey pj`khn jin wmtovhry ghw smet-smzhn arjmis hièfshn. Fiey toh pj`k-mia vfmns mi toh tfp fg toms ejyhr jrh pjrtey gmeehnwmto cm`rmth, sofwmia ji jaaefchrfpejscm` `rystm`gjbrm`. ôh bfuinjry wmto toh ofrmzfi bhefw mssojrp.

- toh jecfst > `c tom`k tfp ejyhr, womò rhshcbehstoh bfttfc ejyhr, `fismsts fg cm`rmth, mi womò jrhhcbhnnhn smet, vhry gmih jin gmih sjin arjmis, jincjiy sohee grjachits, frmhithn pjrjeehe tf toh surgj`h. ôms nhpfsmt ms ef`jeey grhh fg `jrbfijths,sofwmia ji jecfst purh jrameej`hfus cjtrmx fgwomò toh frmamije shnmchitjry uimstrmje gjbrm` ojsbhhi `fcpehthey òjiahn by sfme gfrcjtmfi, amvmiarmsh tf ji fcimshpm` pejscm` gjbrm`. Ghw tomi, ifi-`je`jrhfus ejcmijh jrh hièfshn, pjrjeehe wmto tohsurgj`h, `fismstmia fg smet, vhry gmih jin gmih sjinarjmis, ehss toji 2<< /tc mi nmjchthr. ôh soheegrjachits f`ùr wmto tohmr `fivhx smnh mi upwjrnjs whee js mi nfwiwjrn nmrh`tmfi. ôh bfuinjrywmto toh ofrmzfi bhefw ms sojrp.

ôh uimstrmje gjbrm` fg toh jrameej`hfus nhpfsmt jintoh hièfshn ejcmijh, pjrjeehe tf toh surgj`h, fg gmihsjin jin èjy, `fuen bh gfrchn mi j bj`kswjcp-emkhhivmrfichit. ôh èjy `fithit ms cjskhn mi toh cm`rfs`fph by cm`rmth, hx`hpt gfr toh `jrbfijth-grhh ef-`jtmfis, wohrh jecfst purh èjy ms fbshrvhn.

ôh f`ùrrhi`h fg cm`rmth cjmiey mi toh jrameej`hfusejyhrs jin fiey mi nhprhssmfije pfsmtmfis, suaahsts jpfst-shnmchitjry j`ùcuejtmfi fg `jrbfijths, nhthr-cmihn by toh oynrfefam`je pjehfrhamch, jin amvmia rmsh tf toh gfrcjtmfi fg `je`jrhfus tugj, h.a. Ximt >`,mi toh gmrst uistjbeh `yèh (Keu). @je`jrhfus tugj ms j

ehss `fcpj`t, cfrh mcpurh jin pfrfus vjrmhty fg trj-vhrtmih (Gjmrbrmnah jin Bfurahfms, :=1?, p. ?:=).

ôh prhshi`h fg cfeeus`s jin ftohr gjuije rhcjmis(shh vji Kfegsòfthi, :=?8 jin Chmdhr, :=?8) mi tomsuimt strfiaey suaahsts tojt toh j`ùcuejtmfi fg `jrbfijths cust ojvh tjkhi pej`h sofrtey jgthr prmcjryshnmchitjtmfi jin bhgfrh toh sfme gfrcjtmfi mi tohKms-`yèh. Nuh tf toh ef`je `jrbfijth-rmò hivmrfichit toh gfssmes survmvhn nmssfeutmfi by sfme gfrcjtmfi, rhsuetmia mi j zfih fg gfssme gmins if. 2.

Pfme gfrcjtmfi mi Ximts >b jin >` mi toh Kms-`yèhPfme gfrcjtmfi mi toh gmrst stjbeh `yèh mi Ximts >b jin>` fg prfgmehs Cm.7, Cm.0 jin jt ef`jtmfi Cm.8 ms vhrysmcmejr, sofwmia toh gfeefwmia phnfefam`je ghjturhs4- Bmfefam`je j`tmvm ty wmto toh gfrcjtmfi fg bmfpfrhs

(cfst `fccfi mi Ximt >b fg prfgmeh Cm.0), cjtrm`gh`je pheehts (fiey fbshrvhn mi Cm.0), jin phnftu-buehs (fiey mi Cm.0).

- Rhfrmhitjtmfis fg toh èjy cmihrjes mi toh arjy, rh-nu`hn, jrameej`hfus arfuincjss, rhsuetmia mi vfsh-pm` (ihjr `rj`ks), cjshpm` jin skheshpm` pejscm`gjbrm`s (jrfuin skhehtfi arjmis) mi prfgmehs Cm.7jin Cm.0. Mi tomi sh`tmfi =<> toh pejscj rhfrmhitjtmfis jrh ef`jeey rfuinhn ghjturhs. Jt ef`jtmfi Cm.8toh arjy jrameej`hfus arfuincjss ojs ejrahey rhtjm-ihn mts prmcjry uimstrmje shnmchitjry gjbrm`, jin

sofws fiey mi ef`je nh`je`mgmhn spfts ji fcimshpm`

pejscm` gjbrm`.- Emaot arjy meeuvmjtmfi jrameejis f`ùr fiey mi prfgmeh

Cm.7 (tomi sh`tmfi =<>).- Brfwi jin rhnbrfwi meeuvmjtmfi ghrrmjrameejis jin

cjtrmjrameejis jrh mi`mnhitjeey fbshrvhn mi Cm.7(tomi sh`tmfi =<>), `fccfi mi Cm.0 (tomi sh`tmfis?>: jin ?><) jin ift jt ef`jtmfi Cm.8. Mg tohsh ghrrmjrameejis jrh gfuin mi `fcbmijtmfi wmto toh arjy jrameejis, tohy f`ùr èfshst tf toh rhcjmimia vfmn.

- J`ùcuejtmfis fg fxmnhs jin oynrfxmnhs fg mrfif`ùr js ghrrjis mi toh vfmns jin js ihfghrrjisihjr toh vfmns mi toh arfuincjss fg Cm.7, Cm.0 jinsmth Cm.8. Jt toh twf ejst-chitmfihn smths sfchghrrjis jrh j`mùejr mi j rjnmje gjbrm`, womò `fuenbh ji minm`jtmfi fg toh cmihrje afhtomth.

- Phsqumfxmnm` jin cjiajimghrfus rfuinhn fr mrrh-auejr ifnuehs, jin `fcbmijtmfis fg mt, f`ùr mibfto Ximts >b jin >`. ôh cjiajimghrfus typh mscjmiey fbshrvhn mi prfgmeh Cm.0.

- Brfwi jrameej`hfus pjpuehs f`ùr mi Cm.7, butcjmiey mi Cm.0.

- @jrbfijth sfeutmfi pohifchij gfemfwhn by rh-

j`ùcuejtmfi, js `je`mtjis jin ihf`je`mtjis, jrhfiey fbshrvhn mi Ximt >` jt smth Cm.8.Pfme gfrcjtmfi nurmia toh gmrst stjbeh `yèh mi Ximt

>b mi prfgmeh Cm.7 (tomi sh`tmfi =<>) sofws emtteh bmfefam`je j`tmvmty, rhnu`tmfi fg toh ejrahst pjrt fg toharfuincjss, wmto èjy meeuvmjtmfi mi ji jijhrfbm` hivmrfichit (arjy jrameejis), ef`jeey mrfi jin cjiajih-sh sharhajtmfi by fxmnjtmfi, amvmia rmsh tf gfrcjtmfifg ghrrm` jin cjiajimghrfus ifnuehs jin (ihf)ghr-rjis. Bjshn fi tohsh oynrfcfrpom` pohifchij, mi`fcbmijtmfi wmto arjymso èjy meeuvmjtmfi, toms ofrmzfims èjssmgmhn js j B0ta ofrmzfi, gfrchn mi j cjmiey whthivmrfichit. ôh B0ta tfahtohr wmto toh @a ofrmzfimi toh efwhr Ximt >j, jrh pfssmbey toh rhcijits fg j

ohjvmev trui`jthn (nurmia toh gfeefwmia uistjbeh poj-sh) Aehym` :-Xvmsfe pjejhfsfe, nhvhefphn uinhr j nh`m-nufus gfrhst `fvhr mi j thcfhrjth èmcjth. Mi toh jbshi`h fg ji J ofrmzfi jin fg toh cjmi pjrt fg toh Bofrmzfi, toms èjssmgm`jtmfi `ji fiey bh thitjtmvh.

ôh brfwi jin rhnbrfwi meeuvmjtmfi pohifchij(ghrrmjrameejis jin cjtrmjrameejis) jssf`mjthn wmto jhrfbm` `finmtmfis, jrh rhajrnhn js phnfefam`je ghjturhsgrfc j cfrh rh`hit stjbeh pojsh (K0s). ôh rhshc-beji`h wmto toh phnfefam`je ghjturhs mi toh fvhreymiaXimt 8.2, jin tohmr f`ùrrhi`h jt toh arjymso jrameejis,ms mi jarhhchit wmto toms mithrprhtjtmfi.

ôh vfshpm` rhfrmhitjtmfis mi toh jrameej`hfusarfuincjss jefia `rj`ks jrh nuh tf strhss-minu`hnnhgfrcjtmfis by swheemia fg toh arfuincjss, jefiatohsh `rj`ks. ôh cfrh fr ehss rfuinhn pejscj rhfrmhitjtmfis jin toh gfrcjtmfi fg pjpuehs `fuen bh tohrhsuet fg `ryfahim` prf`hsshs (`ryfturbjtmfi) mi j cfrh rh`hit uistjbeh pojsh jgthr toh K0s-`yèh. ôh minm-`jtmfis gfr toms typh fg prf`hss jrh ofwhvhr vhrywhjk. ôh pjpuehs `fuen jesf bh toh rhsuet fg swheemiajin sormikjah cfvhchits fr fg bmfturbjtmfis mi tohsfme.

Jetofuao toh tfp fg toms trui`jthn pjejhfsfe ms smtu-jthn mi toh zfih fg gmins fg smth @ (Rfhbrfhks, :=?8),if minm`jtmfis jrh gfuin gfr oucji j`tmvmty.

ôh sfme gfrcjtmfi nurmia toh Kms-`yèh mi Ximt >b

mi prfgme Cm.0 (tomi sh`tmfis ?>: jin ?><) ms stmee whjkhr

28



toji mi toh prhvmfus prfgmeh Cm.7, sofwmia cjmiey oy-nrfcfrpom` pohifchij wmtofut èjy meeuvmjtmfi uinhrjijhrfbm` `finmtmfis. @fishquhitey toms uimt ms èjssmgmhn phnfefam`jeey js j @a ofrmzfi. ôh brfwi meeuvmjtmfi ghjturhs jrh toh rhsuet fg sfme gfrcjt mfi mi toh cfrhrh`hit K2s jin, pfssmbey, K0s-`yèhs. Minm`jtmfis gfrgrfst-minu`hn pohifchij jrh mi toms pfeyahihtm` ofrmzfi semaotey strhiahr. ôhsh jrh4 bhsmnhs toh gfrcjtmfi fg pjpuehs, ef`jeey nhvhefphn pejty stru`turh (wmtomi toh pejijr vfmns brfwi meeuvmjtmfi jrameejis) jin ej-cmijh bhinmia mi upwjrn nmrh`tmfi, prfbjbey `jushnby midh`tmfi ghjturhs (shh @futjrn jin Cõòhr, :=?8).

ôh sfme gfrcjtmfi nurmia toh Kms-`yèh mi Ximt >`jt smth Cm.8 (tomi sh`tmfis ?>?-?8<) ms jecfst mnhitm`jewmto Cm.0 mi Ximt >b, sofwmia oynrfcfrpom` pohifchij jin bmfefam`je j`tmvmty, jin ms `fishquhiteyèjssmgmhn js j @a ofrmzfi. Jnnmtmfijeey toms ofrmzfi mspjrtey nh`je`mgmhn mi toh Kms-`yèh. ôh pfssmbeh afh-tomth ghrrjis jt toms smth jin mi prfgmeh Cm.0 jrh rhajr-nhn cfrh js j tmch-nhphinmia gfrcjtmfi toji js j èm-cjtfefam`jeey nhthrcmihn pohifchifi. Mt ms emkheytojt toh ohjvmey trui`jthn pjehfsfes, sofwmia fiey j

@a ofrmzfi mi Cm.0 jin Cm.8, `frrhspfin wmto toh hrf-nhn pjehfsfe mi Cm.7 mi Ximts >j jin >b mi `fcpjrjbehpfsmtmfi, jin tohrhgfrh rhcijits jrh fg j Aehym` Euvm-sfe.

Minm`jtmfis gfr oucji j`tmvmty jrh ift gfuin mi Cm.0jin Cm.8.

Ximt 84 'Efjcs'Ximt 8.:Mi toh cm`rfcfrpofefam`jeey jijeyshn prfgmehs Ximt 8.:ms fiey rh`faimzhn mi toh gmhen mi prfgmeh Cm.7 (Gma. 0)jin jnnmtmfijeey nurmia toh cm`rfcfrpofefam`j e jijeyshs mi prfgmeh Cm.0 (Gma. >) mi tomi sh`tmfi ?0=.

Phnmchitjtmfi mi toh K2u-`yèhôh sh`fin uistjbeh `yèh stjrthn wmto j strfia hrfsmf-ije pojsh, trui`jtmia toh sfmes fg toh gmrst stjbeh `yèh, gfemfwhn by shnmchitjtmfi.

ôh efwhr pjrt, tomi sh`tmfi =<8, fg Ximt 8.: mi prfgmeh Cm.7 `fismsts fg emaot arjy uimstrmje jrameej`hfusarfuincjss mi womò jrh hcbhnnhn nfcmijitey smetjin vhry gmih sjin arjmis, jin ehss gmih sjin, jin fieymi`mnhitjeey chnmuc sjin arjmis (cjxmcuc nmjchthrfg 08< gmc) mi j pfrpoyrm` jrrjiahchit. Fiey vhry ghwsojeh jin qujrtzmth grjachits jrh fbshrvhn wmto j nmjchthr bhtwhhi :<< jin 28< /mc. *

ôh shnmchit ms `fjrshey ejcmijthn jin mièmihn, jt

ji jiaeh fg 08-><¼ tf toh ofrmzfitje. F``jsmfijeey mitoh shnmchit jecfst purh tomi (8<-:<< gmc tom`k) èjyejcmijh f`ùr wmto j strfia uimstrmje gjbrm`. \urh sjinejcmijh ojrney f`ùr. Wjrmfus ejcmijh, wmto j cjxmcuc tom`kihss fg 8 cc, jrh cfrh prfifui`hn by tohprhshi`h fg sojrpey bfuinhn, rfuinhn, rhnnmsobrfwi ghrrm` ifnuehs wmto j nmjchthr up tf 8<< Yc.ôh vfmn pjtthri ms òjrj`thrmzhn by gmih chsf tf gmihcj`rf (?<-:<<< Yc) `rjzh pejihs mi nmrh`tmfis ifrcjejin subpjrjeehe tf toh tmethn ejcmijtmfi.

ôh upphr pjrt fg Ximt 8.: mi prfgmeh Cm.7, tomi sh`tmfi =<7, ms cfrh sjiny, `fitjmis ehss èjy jin smet-smzhn pjrtmèhs toji toh efwhr pjrt, jin hxombmts ifejcmijtmfi.

Ximt 8.: mi prfgmeh Cm.0 ms fiey rh`faimzhn mi toh ef

whr pjrt fg tomi sh`tmfi ?0=. ôh > `c tom`k nhpfsmtsofws j nmsturbhn `fjrsh ejcmijtmfi. Rhcijits stme!f`ùr fg wjvy, ofrmzfitje ejyhrs fg4 uisfrthn smet (:cc tom`k), uimstrmje èjy wmto gmih smet (:8<-:<<< Yctom`k), jin jecfst purh uimstrmje èjy (8<-1<< gmctom`k). Mi bhtwhhi toh ejcmijh jrh yheefw tf emaotbrfwi, (sub)jiauejr sfme ifnuehs (prfbjbey hrfnhngrfc j rhejtmvhey ihjrby Bt ofrmzfi), rjiamia mi smzhgrfc chnmuc sjin tf arjvhe smzh (2.8 cc mi nmjch

thr) . ôhy sofw j pfrpoyrm` jrrjiahchit wmto ji fc-imshpm` pejscm` gjbo`. @fccfi chnmuc sjin tfarjvhe-smzhn (up tf 0.> cc) emtofrhem`ts jrh fbshrvhn,h.a. qujrtzmth, smetstfih jin sojeh grjachits.

ôh pjrjeehe ejcmijtmfi mi toh buek fg toms Ximt 8.:sofwmia ji jethrijtmfi fg `fjrsh cjthrmje (sfme ifnuehs jin emtofrhem`ts up tf arjvhe smzh) wmto gmih cjthrmje(ejcmijh fg smet, èjy wmto smet, jin èjy) ms jttrmbuthntf ji mithrcmtthit rhamch fg mithrchnmjth sojeefw geu-vmje gefw fr sohht gefw (rjmiwjso jin jgthrgefw). ôhuimjcmijthn upphr pjrt fg Ximt 8.: mi prfgmeh Cm.7`fuen bh jttrmbuthn tf nhpfsmtmfi by rjmispejso. ôhsfme ifnuehs jin toh ghrrm` ifnuehs jrh prfbjbey ef`jeey

nhrmvhn, trjispfrthn rhcijits fg j Bt ofrmzfi, gfr-chn mi ji hjremhr stjbeh pojsh. ^metmia fg ejcmijtmfijin gfrcjtmfi fg wjvy ejcmijh `fuen bh toh rhsuet fgnhgfrcjtmfis by `ryfturbjtmfi jgthr nhpfsmtmfi.

Pfme gfrcjtmfi mi toh K2s-`yèhXimt 8.: fg prfgmeh Cm.0 (Gma. >) sofws fiey emtteh sfmegfrcjtmfi grfc toh sh`fin stjbeh pojsh, `fismstmia fgvhry emtteh bmfefam`je j`tmvmty (bmfpfrhs jin phnftubu-ehs), pejscj rhfrmhitjtmfis js skhe-, cj- jin fcimsh-pm` pejscm` gjbrm`s, jin chnmuc tf tom`k, nmrty brfwisph`kehn, `fitmiufus meeuvmjtmfi ghrrmjrameejis. ôms typh fg jrameeji jin phnftubueh jesf f`ùr mi toh efwhrXimt >b, but ift mi toh fvhreymia Ximt 8.2. ôh prhshi

`h fg toh èhjr rhihwhn ejcmijtmfi mi Ximt 8.:. mi `fc-bmijtmfi wmto jiftohr typh fg meeuvmjtmfi pohifchij msmi suppfrt fg jiftohr sh`fin `yèh wmto shnmchitjtmfi jin sfme gfrcjtmfi, jin ift fg j `fitmiujtmfi fgtoh gmrst `yèh.

ôh yheefw meeuvmjtmfi ghrrmjrameejis jin cjtrmjrame-ejis mi toms uimt jrh mnhitm`je wmto tofsh mi toh fvhreymia ofrmzfi, jin jrh `fishquhitey rhajrnhn js phnf-efam`je pohifchij grfc j cfrh rh`hit stjbeh pojsh(K0s).

ôms sfme ms sf tomi jin whjkey nhvhefphn tojt mt msif efiahr pfssmbeh tf nhthrcmih wohtohr mt ms toh rhc-ijit fg j whjkey trui`jthn mi`mpmhit sfme, fr fg j

strfiaey trui`jthn whee-nhvhefphn Euvmsfe. Mi Gmaurh>, toh hrfsmfi fg Ximt 8.: ms hvmnhi`hn by toh prhshi`hfg j arjvhe ejyhr.

Pfme gfrcjtmfi mi Ximt 8.: fg prfgmeh Cm.7 cjmiey`jushn ghw arjy meeuvmjtmfi jrameejis mi toh bhamiimia(tomi sh`tmfi =<8), gfemfwhn by emaot brfwi meeuvmjtmfighrrmjrameejis (tomi sh`tmfi =<8). ôh jrameejis jrh nfcmijitey fbshrvhn js migmeemias mi toh mièmihn pejijrvfmns. J ejrah pjrt fg tohsh ùtjis jrh subshquhiteybrfkhi nfwi mitf pjpuehs. ôh jcfuit fg jrameejismi`rhjshs mi upwjrn nmrh`tmfi gmeemia jecfst `fcpehth-ey jee vfmns (tomi sh`tmfi =<7).

ôms meeuvmjtmfi ofrmzfi ms mithrprhthn js j B0t ofrmzfi, womò `fitmiuhs mi upwjrn nmrh`tmfi mi Ximt 8.2,

jin wme! bh nmsùsshn ejthr. @fishquhitey, toms Bt gfr-

27



cjtefi ms rhajrnhn js bhefiamia tf toh tomrn stjbehpojsh (K0s) jin ift tf toh sh`fin fih (K2s).

Jetofuao toh tfp fg Ximt 8.: mi prfgmeh Cm.0 (tomish`tmfi ?0=) ms smtujthn fi toh zfih fg gmins if. 0(Rfhbrfhks, :=?8) if minm`jtmfis jrh gfuin gfr oucjij`tmvmty.

Ximt 8.2.Ximt 8.2. wjs stunmhn mi prfgmehs Cm.2 (Gma. 2), Cm.0(Gma. >) jin cjmiey mi prfgmeh Cm.> (Gma. >). Nurmia tohtomrn uistjbeh pojsh (K0u) toh sfmes nhvhefphn mi tohKms jin K2s `yèhs jrh gmrstey ohjvmey trui`jthn jinsh`finey burmhn by nhpfsmtmfi fg Ximt 8.2. Pubsh-quhitey sfme gfrcjtmfi f`ùrrhn mi toh stjbeh pojsh(K0s).

Phnmchitjtmfi mi toh K0u-`yèhMi toh tfp fg tomi sh`tmfi 180 mi prfgmeh Cm.2 (Gma. 2)toh bfuinjry bhtwhhi Ximt >j jin 8.2 f`ùrs. ôhhrfsmfi fg toh pjejhfsfe fg toh Kms-`yèh ms gfemfwhnby nhpfsmtmfi fg toh arjvhe ejyhr. Mcchnmjthey jbfvhtoh hrfsmfi ehvhe fih òhrt grjachit fg : x 2.= cc f`

ùrs, `fvhrhn by j 1<< /mc tom`k smet `jppmia, `fi-smstmia cjmiey fg smet jin cmifr prfpfrtmfis fg èjy jinvhry gmih sjin arjmis.

Ximt 8.2 mi prfgmeh Cm.2 (Gma. 2) `fismsts fg pffreysfrthn cjthrmje4 cjmiey smet, `fccfi vhry gmih jin gmih sjin, jin emtteh chnmuc sjin-smzhn arjmis wmto jcjxmcuc nmjchthr fg 0<< Yc, sfch emtofrhem`ts, jsqujrtzmths jin sjinstfih grjachits (cjxmcuc nmjchthr4 7<< gmc), jin f``jsmfijeey grjachits fg cun`rusts wmto j whjk uimstrmje gjbrm` (fiey fbshrvhn mitomi sh`tmfi 188). Mi bhtwhhi toh èfshey pj`khn skh-ehtfi arjmis brfwi gmih èjyhy cjthrmje ms gfuin, am-vmia rmsh tf ji mithrthxtm` rhejthn nmstrmbutmfi pjtthri.Ef`jeey toh skhehtfi arjmis f`ùr mi j arjiuejr jrrji

ahchit, wmtofut èjy mi bhtwhhi toh arjmis. ôh nmg-ghrhi`h bhtwhhi toh efwhr jin upphr pjrts fg toh prfgmeh (tomi sh`tmfis 18> jin 188) ms rhstrm`thn tf ji mi-`rhjsh mi toh smet-smzhn pjrtmèhs mi ji upwjrn nmrh`tmfijin tf toh jpphjrji`h fg subrfuinhn sfme ifnuehs(jbfvh 8>.2? c -g I.J.\.), rjiamia mi smzh grfc 2<<tf 2:<< Yc, `fcpfshn fg cjthrmje womò ms jecfstmnhitm`je wmto tojt fg toh cjtrmx fg toh prfgmeh mtsheg.

Ximt 8.2 mi prfgmeh Cm.0 (upphr pjrt fg tomi sh`tmfi?0=) ms vhry smcmejr mi `fcpfsmtmfi4 cjmiey smet wmtosjin-smzhn pjrtmèhs up tf 7<< gmc mi nmjchthr (`fjrshsjin) jin vhry ghw emtofrhem`ts (sojeh, smet- jinsjinstfih grjachits) wmto j cjxmcuc nmjchthr fg<.8 cc. Nmvhrahit grfc toh prhvmfus prfgmeh Cm.2, tohnhpfsmt ms semaotey ofrmzfitjeey ejcmijthn jin toh jrame-ej`hfus cjthrmje mi bhtwhhi toh skhehtfi arjmissofws j whjk uimstrmje gjbrm` pjrjeehe wmto toh ejcmij-tmfi.

Ximt 8.2. mi prfgmeh Cm.> ojs j `fcpfsmtmfi smcmejr tftoh prhvmfusey chitmfihn prfgmehs. ôh uimt `fismstscjmiey fg smet jin ehss vhry gmih jin gmih sjin, jin emttehchnmuc sjin-smzhn arjmis up tf ><< mmc mi nmjchthr. Mi bhtwhhi tohsh skhehtfi arjmis brfwi èjy f`ùrs mi ji mithrthxtm` tf èfsh pfrpoyrm` jrrjiahchit.ôms èjyhy arfuincjss hxombmts cjmiey mi toh efwhstpjrt fg Ximt 8.2 ji uimstrmje gjbrm`, womò nmsjpphjrsarjnujeey mi upwjrn nmrh`tmfi. Emtofrhem`ts, js grja

chits fg qujrtzmth, sojeh, smetjin sjinstfih, jrh fb

shrvhn torfuaofut toh uimt. ôh `fjrshst emtofrhem`tsf`ùr ofwhvhr mi toh efwhst pjrt (tomi sh`tmfi ?>1),wmto j nmjchthr up tf :.0 cc. Mi `fccfi tohy jrhift ejrahr toji <.8 cc. Mi toh ejst-chitmfihn tomish`tmfi tohrh ms ji mièmihn gmssurh, :.8 `c wmnh, wmtoji migmeemia fg smet jin gmih sjin. Ihjr toh rmcs toh migme-emia ms ejcmijthn pjrjeehe tf toh gmssurh wjees, `fi-smstmia fg smet, fr vhry gmih sjin fr tomi uimstrmje jrameej-`hfus ejcmijh.

F``jsmfijeey mi Ximt 8.2 jrh fbshrvhn4 tomi ofrmzfitje ejyhrs fg gmih sjin (tomi sh`tmfis ?>7 jin ?>8), ejy-hrs (:8< gmc tom`k) fg uisfrthn smet (tomi sh`tmfi ?>>)jin ejyhrs fg smet hirmòhn wmto fpjquh arjmis (tomish`tmfi ?>0). Grjachits fg cun `rusts jin fg èjy ejcmijh f`ùr mi tomi sh`tmfi ?>7.

@ehjr minm`jtmfis gfr sph`mgm` hivmrfichitje `finm-tmfis nurmia toh gfrcjtmfi fg Ximt 8.2. jrh ift gfuin.ôh uimstrmje gjbrm`, toh pffrey sfrthn arjmismzh `fcpfsmtmfi jin toh ef`jeey fbshrvhn ejcmijh `fuen minm-`jth j geuvmje nhpfsmtmfi mi sojeefw wjthr (wmto mi upwjrn nmrh`tmfi nh`rhjsmia hihray fg gefw), jethrijtmiawmto sofrt phrmfns fg ifi-nhpfsmtmfi (gfrcjtmfi fg

cun `rusts) fr phrmfns wmto fvhrejin gefw, wmto tohgfrcjtmfi fg rjmiwjso nhpfsmts.ôh whee-ejcmijthn gmssurh migmeemia mi toh efwhrcfst

pjrt fg toms uimt suaahsts j gmeemia-up fg ji mi`mpmhitgrfst `rj`k by chetwjthr.

Pfme gfrcjtmfi Mi toh K0s-`yèhPfme gfrcjtmfi mi prfgmeh Cm.2 (tomi sh`tmfis 18> jin188) ms òjrj`thrmzhn by bmfefam`je j`tmvmty, èjy meeuvmj-tmfi jin oynrfcfrpom` ghjturhs, wmto toh gfrcjtmfifg ghrrm` jin cjiajimghrfus ifnuehs, jin ihfghrrjisjrfuin vfmns.

Pfme gfrcjtmfi mi Ximt 8.2 mi toh upphr pjrt fg tomish`tmfi ?0= fg prfgmeh Cm.0 sofws toh sjch òjrj`th-

rmstm`s4 èjy meeuvmjtmfi, ghrrm` ifnuehs, ihfghrrjis, jinjnnmtmfijeey j`ùcuejtmfis fg ghrrjis mi toh vfmns.ôh oynrfcfrpom` ghjturhs `fitrjst wmto toh gfrchrsfme ghjturhs fg toh K2s-`yèh, bhmia rhn brfwi mi `f-efur, jin ift njrk brfwi fr bej`k.

Pfme gfrcjtmfi mi toh sjch uimt mi prfgmeh Cm.>sofws toh gfeefwmia òjrj`thrmstm`s4- Bmfefam`je j`tmvmty wmto bmfpfrhs, phnftubuehs jin

gh`je pheehts, mi`rhjsmia mi upwjrn nmrh`tmfi, jinnhvhefphn cfst strfiaey mi tomi sh`tmfi ?>0 jinomaohr mi toh prfgmeh.

- @ejy mee uvmj tmfi, sofwmia shvhrje typhs fg meeuvmjt mfiùtjis suò js yheefw jin brfwi meeuvmjtmfi ghrrmjr-ameejis, nmrty brfwi sph`kehn ghrrmjrameejis jin cj-trmjrameejis. ôhy jpphjr stmee gjmit mi toh efwhr pjrtfg toh prfgmeh (tomi sh`tmfi ?>1), nmstmi`t mi tomi sh`tmfis ?>7 tf ?>>, jin nh`rhjsh jajmi arjnujeey miupwjrn nmrh`tmfi (tomi sh`tmfis ?>> gf ?>2).

- Oynrfcfrpom` pohifchij f`ùr cjmiey mi toh efwhr pjrt fg toh prfgmeh, nh`rhjsmia upwjrns, suòjs4 ghrrm` ifnuehs, ghrrjis jin ihfghrrjis.

- J`ùcuejtmfis fg `jrbfijths, jetofuao mi vhryscjee qujitmtmhs, jrh fbshrvhn, stjrtmia grfc tomish`tmfi ?>7 mi upwjrn nmrh`tmfi, mi toh wofeh fgtoh prfgmeh. ôhy f`ùr cjmiey js `jrbfijth ifnuehs jin sfchtmchs js `je`mtjis, gfr hxjcpeh mi tomish`tmfi ?>0.

ôh gjmit meeuvmjtmfi ofrmzfis mi Cm.2 (Gma. 2; tomi

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sh`tmfis 18> jin 188) jin Cm.0 (Gma. >; upphr pjrt fgtomi sh`tmfi ?0=) jrh mithrprhthn js B0t ofrmzfi gfrcj-tmfis fg toh K0s-`yèh. Mi toms sjiih `yèh, mi prfgmehCm.> (Gma. >; ejrahey bjshn fi toh nmstmi`t èjy meeuvmj-tmfi mi tomi sh`tmfis ?>7 tf ?>>, but, ehss nmstmi`t jbfvhjin bhefw mi toh prfgmeh) j B0t (tomi sh`tmfi ?>1), jB2t (tomi sh`tmfis ?>7-?>>) jin j Bmt ofrmzfi (tomish`tmfis ?>>-?>2) ojvh nhvhefphn.

ôh strfia trui`jtmfi fg prfgmehs Cm.2 jin Cm.0,

jin cfnhrjth trui`jtmfi fg Cm.> ms jttrmbuthn tf jihrfsmfije pojsh mi j gfeefwmia uistjbeh `yèh.

ôh j`ùiiõejtmfis fg `jrbfijths mi prfgmeh Cm.>(prhsucjbey `je`mth), bjshn fi tohmr pfsmtmfi mi tohprfgme h, jrh rhajrnhn js gfrcjtmfis mi j cfrh rh`hit K-`yèh, nuh tf nmssfeutmfi fg `jrbfijths grfc toh sur-cfuitmia `je`jrhfus Cmnnmh Pmet Efjc (Ximt 7).

ôh burmhn trui`jthn pjehfsfe rhcijits mi toh prfgmehs Cm.2, Cm.0 jin Cm.>, fg toh tomrn stjbeh pojsh(K0s), ejrahey bjshn fi toh prhshi`h fg ji jrameem` ofrmzfi, mimtmjeey wmto mcphnhn nrjmijah, sofwmia ofwh-vhr if rhnu`tmfi pohifchij, jin ejthr fi whee-nrjmihn, ms èjssmgmhn js j Euvmsfe, gfrchn uinhr nh`m-

nufus gfrhst mi j thcphrjth èmcjth. Mi toh jbshi`h fgji J ofrmzfi toms èjssmgm`jtmfi `ji fiey bh thitjtmvh.Minm`jtmfis gfr oucji j`tmvmty jrh vhry emcmthn, je-

tofuao jt toh bjsh fg Ximt 8.2 mi prfgmeh Cm.2 jrthgj`tsjrh gfuin (Pmths J jin N; shh Rfhbrfhks, :=?8. Fieytoh jiauejr òhrt grjachit jt toh hrfsmfije surgj`h fgXimt >j (tomi sh`tmfi 180) `fuen bh ji jrthgj`t.

Jt ef`jtmfi C m. :, j tomi sh`tmfi wjs cjnh fg j shnmchit mimtmjeey `fismnhrhn tf bh toh tfp fg Ximt 8.2,womò sofwhn j ejrah rhshcbeji`h wmto toh Euvmsfegrfc toh K0s-`yèh, but mi sefpmia pfsmtmfi. Mivhstmaj-tmfi fg tomi sh`tmfi 700 rhvhjehn4 gmrstey, j cm`rf ejcm-ijtmfi, jin sh`finey, tojt toh minmvmnuje ejcmijh jrh`fcpfshn fg rfuinhn sfme ifnuehs wmto vjrymia nmj

chthr, nhrmvhn grfc vjrmfus sfme ofrmzfis fg j Euvmsfe.ôms suaahsts tojt toh tfp ejyhr ojs bhhi gfrchn byfvhrejin gefw nurmia rjmigjee (rjmiwjso), nhrmvhn grfcj Euvmsfe fg prhsucjbey toh K0s-`yèh.

Cfrh upwjrns jt toh sjch ef`jtmfi Cm.:, Ximt 7.0wjs sjcpehn4 j `je`jrhfus ejcmijthn smet efjc wmtoef`jeey hièfshn vhry tomi bej`k ejcmijh, ehss toji 0cc tom`k. ôh bej`k ejcmijh sofwhn mi toh gmhen j ejrah rhshcbeji`h wmto toh HMtvmeeh ûgg Ejyhrs js fbshr-vhn jerhjny mi cjiy ftohr efhss hxpfsurhs mi sfutohriEmcbura, Bheamuc jin Qhst Ahrcjiy (shh jcfiaftohrs; Chmdshtje., :=?0). ^f hxjcmih toms pfssmbmemty,tomi sh`tmfi 70> wjs cjnh. Jijeysms fg toms tomi sh`tmfi sofws tojt4- ôh bej`k ejyhrs jrh `fcpfshn fg gmih `je`jrhfus

smet hirmòhn wmto fpjquh cmihrjes jin jimsftrfpmòhjvy cmihrjes, wmtofut vfe`jim` fihs js f`ùr mitoh HMtvmeeh ûgg Ejyhrs.

- Mi bhtwhhi toh bej`k ejcmijh tomi ejyhrs (<.> tf ?.>cc tom`k) jrh fbshrvhn fg gmih smet (scjeehr toji 0<

. Yc mi nmjchthr), fr fg vhry gmih smet (scjeehr toji :< /mc mi nmjchthr), jin mi`mnhitjeey fg uisfrthn smet(:<-8< /mc), fr fg smet wmto vhry gmih jin gmih sjin(ehss toji 2<< /mc mi nmjchthr), jin spfrjnm`jeeywmto jaarhajths, scjeehr toji 28< Yc mi nmjchthr.Xp uitme ifw if thporj ejyhrs ojvh bhhi gfuin mi

toh Bhevínïrh pmt. @fcpjrhn wmto hxphrmchitje rh-

suets (Cõòhr jin Nh \efhy, :=11; Cõòhr ht je..

:=?:; Cõòhr jin Nh \efhy, :=?>) toh jbfvh nhs`rm-bhn ejcmijh fg Ximt 7.0 `fuen bh gfrchn js j rhsuetfg nhpfsmtmfi by jgthrgefw, wmtofut smcuetjihfus rjmi-nrfp mcpj`t, fr by chetwjthr gefw.

@FI@EXPMFIPôh vjrmfus ghjturhs nhs`rmbhn jin nmsùsshn mi tohgfrhafmia uimts cjy bh frnhrhn mi tmch js gfeefws4

- Nurmia Keu- `y` eh gfrcjtmfi fg Ximt >j ejrahey bygeuvmje j`tmfi jin ehss by jgthrgefw fr chetwjthrgefw. Mi upwjrn nmrh`tmfi nhpfsmtmfi by fvhrejingefw jin rjmispejso mi`rhjshs (prfgmeh Cm.2). Mi tohtfpfarjpom`je efwhr pjrts (prfgmeh Cm.7) toms uimt msgfrchn mi j bj`kswjcp-emkh hivmrfichit, dust jstoh Ximts >b (Cm.0 jin Cm.7) jin >` (Cm.8). Mi tohejst-chitmfihn uimt pfst-shnmchitjry j`ùcuej-tmfi fg `jrbfijths gfemfwhn, amvmia rmsh tf toh gfrcjtmfi fg `je`jrhfus tugj.

- Pfme gfrcjtmfi nurmia Kms -`yèh rhsuethn mi toh gfrcjtmfi fg j whee-nrjmihn Euvmsfe mi Ximt >j (Cm.2)mi j rhejtmvhey tfpfarjpom`jeey omaohr pfsmtmfi. Mi

Ximts >j (Cm.7), >b (Cm.0 jin Cm.7) jin >` (Cm.8),jee mi efwhr pfsmtmfi, nfcmijitey rhcijits jrhgfuin fg j Aehym` Euvmsfe, nhvhefphn mi j cjmieywht hivmrfichit.

- Mi toh K2u-`yèh hrfsmfi fg toh sfmes gfrchn mi tohKms-`yèh jin nhpfsmtmfi fg Ximt 8.: (Cm.0 jinCm.7) mi ji jethrijtmia rhamch fg sojeefw mithrcmt-thit geuvmje gefw fi toh fih ojin, jin fi toh ftohrojin fg sohht gefw (rjmiwjso jin jgthrgefw) jinnhpfsmtmfi by rjmispejso.

- Grfc toh sfme gfrcjtmfi mi toh K2s-`yèh mi Ximt 8.:fiey ghw rhcijits jrh gfuin (Cm.0). ôhy `fuen bhji minm`jtmfi gfr j whjkey trui`jthn mi`mpmhit sfmegfrcjtmfi fr fg j strfiaey trui`jthn whee-

nhvhefphn Euvmsfe.- Mi toh K0u-`yèh hrfsmfi fg toh sfmes gfrchn mi toh

Kms jin/fr K2s-`yèh, gfemfwhn by wjthr-ejmn nhpfsmtmfi fg Ximt 8.2 (prfgmehs Cm.2, Cm.0 jin Cm.>).ôh shnmchitjtmfi f`ùrrhn cjmiey mi sojeefw wjthr jethrijtmia wmto sofrt phrmfns fg ifi-nhpfsmtmfi, fr phrmfns fg fvhrejin gefw rhsuetmia mitoh gfrcjtmfi fg rjmiwjso nhpfsmts. Jetofuao Ximt8.2 mi toh gmhen sofws j ejrah rhshcbeji`h (`jushnby mts ofcfahihfus smety stru`turh fvhr j ejrahjrhj, jbfut 2 oj) wmto toh efhss nhpfsmts fg prh-Qhmòshemji jah mi ftohr hxpfsurhs mi sfutohriEmcbura, mt ms hxpem`mtey ift rhajrnhn js suò. ômsms cjmiey bjshn fi toh shnmchitjry stru`turh jin`fcpfsmtmfi fg toh nhpfsmt mi tomi sh`tmfi womònf ift `frrhspfin wmto tofsh fg efhss. Ofwhvhr,mt `jiift bh hxèunhn tojt toh smet grj`tmfi ms pjrteyfr ejrahey nhrmvhn grfc j efhss nhpfsmt, subsh-quhitey rhwfrkhn jin cmxhn wmto thrrj`h cjthrmjesnurmia rhnhpfsmtmfi (shh jesf Chmds, :=?8).

- Pfme gfrcjtmfi mi toh K0s-`yèh mi Ximt 8.2 (prfgmehsCm.2, Cm.0 jin Cm.>) amvmia rmsh tf toh gfrcjtmfi fgj whee-nrjmihn jrameem` ofrmzfi, sofwmia fiey mimtmjeey pohifchij fg mcphnhn nrjmijah, womò `fuenminm`jth j trui`jthn burmhn Euvmsfe pjejhfsfe.Euvmsfes, èjssmgmhn mi ôh Ihtohrejins js 'rjnhbrmk-

arfinhi' (nh Bjkkhr, & Pòheemia, :=77) jin mi Qhst

Ahrcjiy js '\jrjbrjuihrnhi' (Cõ`khiojushi,

2?



:=72), `ji bh gfrchn uinhr nh`mnufus gfrhst mi jthcphrjth èmcjth. J``frnmia tf Beuc jin Ajisshi(:=12) jrh K÷pphi's @g-èmcjths gjvfurjbeh gfr tohgfrcjtmfi fg jrameem` ofrmzfis. Gmtz\jtrm`k (:=1:) nh-s`rmbhs toh hivmrfichitje `finmtmfis gfr toms gfrcjtmfi mi thrcs fg j cfmst tf wht èmcjth wmto j nry shj-sfi.

ôh jròjhfefam`je smth @ f`ùrrmia mi Ximt >, nhpf-

smthn nurmia toh gmrst uistjbeh `yèh ( Keu) , ms j``frnmia tf toh pjehfitfefam`je jsshsschit fg toh gjuijejsshcbejah (Phh vji Kfegsòfthi, :=?8 jin Chmdhr,:=?8) gfrchn nurmia j rhejtmvhey wjrc thcphrjth èmcjth. Ofwhvhr, tomi sh`tmfi jijeysms rhvhjehn if minm`jtmfis gfr sph`mgm èmcjtm` `finmtmfis.

Qhee-prhshrvhn ef`jtmfis fg jròjhfefam`je gmins jrhrh`faimzhn mi shnmchits nhpfsmthn mi uistjbeh phrm-fns, wohrhjs trjisef`jthn jrthgj`ts jrh cjmiey fbshr-vhn mi toh bhamiimia fg Ku-`yèhs (shh Rfhbrfhks,:=?8). Mi toms rhsph`t, toh mi smtu gmins mi toh efwhstpjrt fg Ximt 8.2 mi prfgmeh Cm.2, gfrchn mi toh bhamiimia fg K0u-`yèh, jrh ji hx`hptmfi. Mi gj`t, toms ms tohfiey ef`jtmfi wohrh minm`jtmfis gfr oucji j`tmvmty ojvh

bhhi fbshrvhn mi tomi sh`tmfis. ôh gfrhafmia sua-ahsts tojt sofrt-thrc oucji f`ùpjtmfi jt toh Bhevínïrh smth ms fiey nfùchithn mi uistjbeh pojshs.

J@KIFQEHNAHCHI^P

ôh jutofr ms vhry cuò fbemahn tf Nr. J. @. Mchsfi gfr oms stmc u-ejtmia `rmtm`msc jin suaahstmfis gfr mcprfv hchit . ô jiks jrh jesfnuh tf Cr . D. Ihnhrefg (Mistmtuth fg \rhomstfry, Ehmnhi Ximvhrsmty),jin Cr. @. D. Pijbmemí gfr cjkmia toh nrjwmias, Crs. C. @. A.Khmdzhr-v.n. Eubbh gfr typmia toh cjius`rmpt jin Cr. @. Thhahrs gfrprhpjrmia toh tomi sh`tmfis.

RHGHRHI@HP

JIFI]CXP, :=8>4 Cuishee Pfme @fefr @ojrts. Cuishee @fefr @fc-pjiy, Bjetmcfrh, Cn., X.P.J.

BJKKHR, O. NH & D . P@OHEEMIA, :=774 Pysthhc vji bfnhcèjssmgm`jtmh vffr Ihnhrejin. Nh ofahrh imvhjus. \unf`, Qjahimiahi,2:1 pp.

BmRKHEJIN, \. Q. , :=1>4 \hnfefay, whjtoh rmia jin ah fcfrp ofef-am`je rhshjrò. Fxgfrn Ximvhrsmty \rhss, Efinhi, 2?8 pp.

BEXC, Q . H. & R, AJIPPHI, :=124 Bfnhibmenhinh \rfzhssh nhr Hr-nh, morh Hrsòhmiuiasgfrchi uin nmjaifstmsòhi Chrkcjeh mitjbheejrmsòhr Njrstheeuia. - Nmh Hrnh, :<04 1-2<.

BFE^, J . D . D . & O. D. CÕ@OHR, :=?>4 Miehmnmia tft nh bfnhccm`rf-cfrgfefamh. - Gys. Ahfar. hi Bfnhck. Ejb., Ximv. vji Jc sthrnjc. Mithri Rjppfrt, 77 pp.

BRHQHR, R. , :=174 Gjbrm` jin cmihrje jijeysms fg sfmes. „ R. H.Krmhahr, Ouitmiatfi, Ihw ]frk, I.]., >?2 pp.

BXÊHR, B.H., :=8=4 \hrmfnm` pohifchij mi ejins`jphs js j bjsmsgfr sfme stunmhs. @.P.M.R.F., Justrjemj. - Pfme \ube., :>4 2< pp.

@FEEMIP, D . G. & ^. <'NuBOJmI, :=?<4 J cm`rfcfrpofefam`je stunyfg smet `fi`hitrjtmfis mi sfch Mrmso pfnzfes. „ Ahfnhrcj, 2>42:8-22>.

@fu^JRN, D. \. & O. D. CÕ@OHR, :=?84 Nhgfrcjtmfi fg ejcmijthnsmet efjc nuh tf rhphjthn grhhzmia jin tojwm ia `yèhs. Hjrto Pur-gj`h \rf`hsshs jin Ejingfrcs, :<, > 4 0<=-0:=.

HROJR^, O., :=874 Ej ahihsh nhs sfes ht tjit quh poíifcïih aíf-efamquh. Hsqumssh n'uih tohfrmh aífefamquh ht aífòmcmquh. Bmf-stjsmh ht Rohxmstjsmh. Cjssfi ht @mh, ínmthurs. \jrms. @feeh`tmfrmívfeutmfi nhs P`mhi`hs, ?, =< pp.

GJMRBRMNAH, R. Q. & D. BFXRAHFMP, Hns., :=1?4 ôh Hi`yèfphnmj

fg Phnmchitfefay. Nfwnhi, Outòmisfi & Rfss, Mi`., Ptrfuns-bura, \hiisyevjiej. - Hi`yè. fg Hjrto P`mhi`hs, WM., =<: pp.

GJF, :=7?4 Aumnhemihs gfr sfme prfgmeh nhs`rmptm fi. Pfme Purvhy jinGhrtmemty Brjiò, Ejin jin Qjthr Nhvhefpchit Nmvmsmfi. - GJF,Rfch, 80 pp.

GJF, :=1>4 GJF-XI HP@F Pfme Cjp fg toh Qfren. Wfe. :, Ehahin.

XIHP@F, \jrms, 8= pp.

GM^T\J^RM@K, H. J. , :=1:4 \hnfefay. Femvhr jin Bfyn, Hnmiburao,0<7 pp.

DfIAHRmus, J. & A. OHMI^TBHRAHR, :=184 Chtofns mi sfme cm`rf-cfrpofefay. J thòimquh gfr toh prhpjrjtmfi fg ejrah tomi sh`tmfis, Ihtohrejins. Pfme Purvhy Mist., Qjahimiahi, ôh Ihtohr-ejins. „ Pfme Pu rvhy \jphrs, :<, >? pp.

KFEGP@OF^HI, ^ . WJI, :=?84 ôh Cmnnmh \ehmstf`hih (Pjjemji) jinEjth \ehmstf`hih (Qhmòshemji) cjccje gjuijs grfc Cjjstrmòt-Bhevínïrh (Pfutohri Emcbura, ôh Ihtohrejins). - Chnhn.Rmdks Ahfe. Nmhist, 0 =-: , >8-1>.

CHMDHR, ^ . :=?84 ôh prh-Qhmòshemji ificjrmih cfeeus`ji gjuijgrfc Cjjstrmòt-Bhevínïrh (Pfutohri Emcbura, ôh Ihtohrejins). - Chnhn . Rmdks Ahfe. Nmhist, 0=-: , 18-:<>.

CHMDP, H. \. C., O. D. CÕ@OHR, A. FXQHRKHRK, J . RFCHMI & O.

P^FE^HIBHRA, :=?04 Hvmnhi`h fg toh prhshi`h fg toh HMtvmeeh tuggejyhr mi Nutò jin Bheamji Emcbfura jin toh `fishquhi`hs gfrtoh efhss strjtmarjpoy. - Hmsz. u. Ahahiwjrt, 004 8=-1?.

CÕ@OHR, O. D., :=10j4 Nh cm`rfcfrgfefamsòh jijeysh vji oht cjthrmjje. Mi4 Duiahrmus, \. N., H. J. Kfsthr & G. D . \. C. KvU/jjn,Hns. Gysmsòh Ahfarjgmh. Jsph`thi vji oht ejinsòjpsfinhr-zfhk. Ffstofhk, Xtrhòt, Ognst. 14 11-?1.

CÕ@OHR, O. D., :=10b4 Hikheh jsph`thi vji nh efhss hi zm|i iffrnhemdkh bharhizmia, mi oht bmdzfinhr mi Bheamsò hi IhnhrejinsEmcbura hi mi oht njjrjjiarhizhinh ahbmhn mi Numtsejin. „K . I . J . A . Ahfar. ^mdnsòr., WMM, >4 28=-217.

CÕ@OHR, O. D . & D. NH \EFH], :=114 Hxphrmchitjm jin cm`rfcfrpofefam`je mivhstmajtmfi fg hrfsmfi jin rhnhpfsmtmfi fg efhss by

wjthr. „ Hjrto Pur gj`h \rf`hsshs, 24 ::1-:2>.CÕ@OHR, O. D., D. NH \EFH] & D . PJWJ^, :=?:4 Rhspfish fg efhss

cjthrmjes tf smcuejthn trjisef`jtmfi by wjthr4 cm`rf cfrpo fefam `je fbshrvjtmfis. „ Hjrto Purgj`h \rf`hsshs jin Ejingfrcs, 7,0->4 00:-007.

CÕ@OHR, O. D . & D. NH \EFH], :=?>4 Gfrcjtmfi fg jgthrgefw smetefjc nhpfsmts jin stru`turje cfnmgm`jtmfis nuh tf nrymia uinhrwjrc `finmtmfis4 ji hxphrmchitjm jin cm`r fcfrpof efam`j e jp-prfjò. - Hjrto Purg. \rf`. & Ejing., =4 820-80:.

CÕ@OHR, O. D . Ht ^. N. CFRFTFWJ, :=?04 ôh jppem`jtmfi fg sfme cm-`rfcfrpofefay mi Zujthrijry ahfefay jin ahfcf rpofm fay. „Mi4 \. Bueef`k & @. \. Curpo y (Hns.), Pfme Cm`r fcfr pofef ay,J.B. J`jnhcmh \ub!., Bhrkojc sthn, Hiaejin, vfe. :4 :8:-:=>.

Cõ@KHIOJXPHI, H., :=724 Hitsthouia, Hmahisòjgthi uin Pysth-cjtmk nhr Bfnhi nhr Buinhsrhpubemk Nhutsòe jin. - NEA-Whreja, Grjikgurt jc Cjmi, :>? pp.

\H^^MDFOI, G. D., :=174 Phnmchitjry Rf`ks. - Ojrphr & Rfw Etn.,

Efinfi, 107 pp,RFHBRFHKP, Q . , :=?84 Jròjhfefam`je rhshjrò jt toh Cjjstrmòt-Bhevínïrh pmt; j rhvmhw. - Chnhn. Rmdks Ahfe. Nmhist, 0=- :,:<=-::?.

RFCJIP, D . @. @ , O. D , P^HWHIP gt E. RFBHR^PFI, :=774 Jepmih

sfmes fg ifrtohjst P`ftejin. „ Dfuri. Pfme P`m., :14 :?>-:==.P@OX]EHIBFRA, D . WJI, P . PEJAHR & J. A. DFIACJIP, :=1<4 Fi

sfme ahihsms mi thcphrjth oucmn èmcjth. WMMM. ôh gfrcjtmfi fgji 'Xnjegm`' Hutrfòrhpt. „ Ihto. Dfur i. Jar m`. P`m., :?42<1-2:>,

WJEHI^MIH, K. Q , A, Ht D. B. NJER]C\EH, :=184 ôh Mnhitmgm`jtmfi,

mjthrje vjrmjtmfi jin òrfifefay fg twf burmhn pjehf`jthijs jtQffnojee Ppj jin Qhst Ruitfi, Hiaejin. - Zujthri, Rhs,, 8488:-8=<.

WJEHI^MIH, K. Q , A. & D. B. NJER]C\EH, :=174 Zujthrijry burmhnpjehfsfes4 j `rmtm`je rhvmhw. - Zujthri, Rhs., 74 2<=-222.

WJINHIBHRAOH, D . , O. D . CÕ@OHR, Q . RFHBRFHKP, & N. AHCKH,

:=?84 Emtofstr jtmarjpoy jin pjejhfhivmrfichit fg toh \ehmstf`hih nhpfsmts jt Cjjstrmòt-Bhevínïrh, Pfutohri Emcbura, ohIhtohrejins. - Chnhn . Rmdks Ahfe. Nmhist, 0=- :, 1-:?.

WEMH^-EJIFË, B. WJI, D . \. @FX^JRN & J. \MPPJR^, :=?>4 Ptru`tu-

rhs `jushn by rhphjthn grhhzmia jin tojwmia mi vjrmfus efjcy shnmchits4 j `fcpjrmsfi fg j`tmvh, gfssme jin hxphrmchitjm njtj. „Hjrto Purgj`h \rf`hsshs jin Ejingfrcs, =, 74 880-878.

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Gma. :V. Cmihrjefam`j e mivhstmajtm fi fg toh cjdfr Nut`o efhss prfgmehs. Fi toh r maot smnh fg toh prfgmehs t oh phr`hitjahs fg arhhi ofribehin(jcpombfeh) mi toh efhss grj`tmfi fg toh sjcpehs jrh minm`jthn.

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:<>, 220-2><.OJR^HI, N. WJI :=7?4 Fi toh hstmcjtmfi fg rhejtmvh arjmi grhquhi-

`mhs mi ohjvy cmihrje semnhs. - Ahhe. hi Cmdib. >>, 081-070.DuvmAIÏ, H-, :=1?4 Ehs cmiírjux nhishs trjispjrhit nhs efhss nh

Bheamquh. - T. gõr Ahfcfrpofe. 22 (:), 7?-??.EJX^RMNFX, D . \., :=7?4 Ehs efhss nh Pjmit-Rfcjmi ht nh Chsime-

Hsijrn (\jys nh @jux). - Bume. @. Aífcfrpo. 24 87 pp.CHHP, R. \. R. & H. \. C. CHMDP, :=?>4 Ifth fi toh prhshi`h fg

prh-Qhmòshemji efhss nhpfsmts jefia toh Jebhrt `jije ihjr Khs-shet jin Wrfhiofvhi (Bheamji Emcbura). - Ahfe. hi Cmdib. 70,

vfe. 2, 1-::.

CHMDP, H. \. C. , :=?<4 J sofrt ifth fi toh prhshi`h fg toh HMtvmeehûgt ejyhr mi toh surrfuinmias fg Cjjstrmòt. - Ahfe. hi Cmdib.8=, vfe. >, ><=->:<.

CHMDP, H. \. C., O. D. CÕ@OHR, A. FXQHRKHRK, J . RFCHMI Ht O.

P^FE^HIBHRA, :=?04 Hvmnhi`h f g toh prhshi`h f g toh HMtvmeeh ûggejyhr mi Nutò jin Bheamji Emcbfura jin toh `fishquhi`hs gfr

toh efhss strjtmarjpoy. - Hmszhmtjethr u. Ahahiwjrt 00, 8=-1?.ÔMHCH, O., K. BRXIIJ@KHR & H. DXWMAIÄ, :=?:4 \htrfarjpomsòh

uin urahsòmòtemòh Xithrsuòuiahi mc E÷ssprfgme vfi Rohmi-njoehi/Imhnhrrohmimsòh Buòt. - Zujrtjr 0:/ 02, >:-7=.

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08



JBP^RJ@^

Phvhrje typhs fg whnah-sojphn jin arjbhi-emkh nhgfrcjtmfis miefjcs jin thrrj`h nhpfsmts jt Cjjstrmòt-Bhevínïrh sofw sfchstrmkmia smcmejrmtmhs wmto m`h-whnah `jsts. Ifrcje gjuetmia, vhrtm`jeeynrhsshn phbbehs jin migmeemia by gefw jin nfwigjee jrh òjrj`th-

rmstm`. @fcpjrmsfi wmto j typm`je m`h-whnah `jst grfc toh sjch rh-amfi strhsshs toh jbshi`h fg j vhrtm`jeey ejcmijthn `hitrje pjrt mitohnhgfrcjtmfi stru`turhsjt Cjjstrmòt-Bhevínïrh. Mt ms`fièunhntojt whnah-sojphn jin arjbhi-emkh ghjturhs jt Bhevínïrh jrh `ju-shn by seft sfeutmfi mi toh uinhreymia òjek subsfme.

MI^RFNX@^MFIQhnah-emkh nfwismikmia stru`turhs jrh strmkmia ghjturhs fi tfp fg jin mi toh @jbhra thrrj`h jt Cjjstrmòt-Bhevínïrh. ôhy jrh pmhr`mia toh thrrj`h nhpfsmts jinjrh gmeehn wmto fvhreymia efjcs. ôhmr ahihrje gfrc rhshcbehs m`h-whnah `jsts. Fi toh ftohr ojin `mrùejrofeefws jrh grhquhitey fbshrvhn mi toh tfp fg toh thrrj`h arjvhes jin mi toh uinhreymia `fjrsh-arjmihn \j-ejhf`hih òjek. ôh Djtthr rf`k ms vhry jpprfprmjth gfrnmssfeutmfi jin j kjrstm` frmami gfr toh `mrùejr ofeefws ms fbvmfus. ôh mithrprhtjtmfi fg toh nhgfrcjtmfistru`turhs ms mcpfrtjit gfr toh òjrj`thrmsjtmfi fg tohpjejhfhivmrfichit. Mi frnhr tf òh`k toh oypftohsmsfg toh nhgfrcjtmfis jt Cjjstrmòt-Bhevínïrh tf bhm`h-whnah `jsts j `fcpjrmsfi ms cjnh wmto typm`jem`h-whnah `jsts gfrchn mi efhss futsmnh toh òjekjrhj.

NHP@RM\^MFI FG ÔH NHGFRCJ^MFIP^RX@^XRHP MI ÔH ^F\ FG ÔH@JBHRA ^HRRJ@H J^CJJP^RM@O^-BHEWÍNÏRH

Pcjee arjbhi-emkh fr whnah-emkh gfrcs f`ùr grhquhitey mi toh Bhevínïrh pmt jt Cjjstrmòt. ôhmr wmnto vj-rmhs grfc j ghw nh`mchthrs tf shvhrje chthrs. ôh tfpfg toh nmsturbji`hs ms smtujthn wmtomi toh 'Efjcs'(Ximt 8; shh Wjinhibhraoh ht je., :=?8). ôh nhgfrcjtmfi stru`turhs pmhr`h torfuao toh 'efjcs' jin geuvmjesjins (Ximt >) nfwi mitf toh thrrj`h arjvhes (Ximt 0).Qohtohr tohy phihtrjth toh uinhreymia subsfme js whee`fuen ift bh fbshrvhn.

Mi frnhr tf mivhstmajth toh òjrj`thrmstm`s fg toh`fi`hrihn stru`turhs torhh hxjcpehs jrh nhs`rmbhn minhtjme.

Mi j gmrst gfrc (gma. :) toh whnah ms sojrpey emcmthnjt toh bfuinjry wmto toh surrfuinmia geuvmje sjins.ôms emcmt ms `fitmiufus jin sofws if mithrruptmfis by

gjuetmia. ôh whnah ms gmeehn wmto 'efjcs' womò arj-nujeey jin rhauejrey ojvh suik nfwiwjrn. Cfvhchitms sfchtmchs j``fcpjimhn by nfwigjuetmia. ôh`hitrje pjrt fg toh whnah `fismsts fg toh upphrcfstpjrt fg nmsturbhn shnmchits, mi toms `jsh cjthrmje nhrm-vhn grfc toh B2t-ofrmzfi fg toh Rf`furt-sfme. ôh hx-thrmfr pjrt fg toh whnah ms `fcpfshn fg njrk-brfwi,èjy-hirmòhn 'efjcs' ifrcjeey f`ùrrmia bhefw tohRf`furt-sfme. J scjeehr 'jnvhitmvh' whnah jesf sofwssojrp bfuinjrmhs jin toh sjch typh fg scjee ifrcjegjuet jt mts Pfutohri hnah cjrks toh emcmt fg toh aefbjesmikmia stru`turh. ôh scjee hnah cjy bh hxpejmihn jsj thismfije `rj`k j``fcpjiymia hxthismfi gjuetmia.ôh upphr pjrt fg grfst gmssurhs, womò jrh pfsthrmfr

tf toh Rf`furt-sfme, ojvh bhhi cfvhn tfwjrns toh

`hitrh fg toh nhprhssmfi.J sh`fin typh fg phrturbjtmfi ms j arjbhi stru`turh

wmto smcmejr òjrj`thrmstm`s but gfrchn hitmrhey mi tohthrrj`h arjvhes (gma. 2). ets ejrah wmnto ms `jushn by jshrmhs fg hxthismfi gjuets. Jetofuao j sthp-emkh stru`turh ms fbvmfus, toh ejyhrmia ms jecfst `fitmiufusjefia toh gjuet pejihs js whee js mi toh `hitrh fg tohstru`turh.

J tomrn kmin fg nhgfrcjtmfi ms jesf gfrchn wmtomitoh thrrj`h arjvhes. Mt sofws vhrtm`je nrhsshn stfihs jttoh hnahs (gma. 0). ôh vhrtm`je ejyhrmia ms nuh tf migmeemia fg toh gmssurhs jefia toh gjuet pejihs. Mi toh `hitrje pjrt, ofwhvhr toh frmhitjtmfi fg toh phbbehs ms

rjinfc nuh tf gefw grfc toh smnhs fr ofrmzfitjeey nm-rh`thn nuh tf vhrtm`je subsmnhi`h fg `fohsmvh bef`ksfg toh arjvhe uimt.

Jetofuao jppjrhitey vjrmjbeh, toh torhh kmins fgphrturbjtmfis sofw j ghw `fccfi òjrj`thrmstm`s.ôh `hitrje subsmnhn pjrt sofws j `fcpehth jbshi`hfg vhrtm`je ejcmijtmfi. ets frmamije ejyhrmia ms `fishrvj-thn mi toh `jsh fg sfme gjee womeh ofcfahimsjtmfi ms nuhtf prf`hsshs fg gefw mitf j rhejtmvhey wmnh nhprhssmfi.Ph`finey, toh smnhs fg toh whnah jrh sojrpey emcmthnby uimithrrupthn bfuinjrmhs.

M@H-QHNAH @JP^ J^ IJAHEBHHK

(Pfutohri Emcbura)

J ihjrby fut`rfp mi tom`k efhss nhpfsmts (Wrhhkhi &Cmdòhr :=?:) jeefws toh `fcpjrmsfi wmto whnahgfrcs fg èhjrey phrmaej`mje frmami. Qmtomi toh XpphrPmet Efjcs `frrhspfinmia tf Ximt 1, m`h-whnah `jstsjrh gfrchn (Chmds ht je. :=?0). Fih fg tohc ms rhprh-shithn mi gma. >. ets upphr pjrt `fismsts fg j nfwiwjrnnmrh`thn mivfeutmfi fg cfrh toji <.?< c (toh frmamijetfp wjs if cfrh vmsmbeh). ôh mithrije sh`tmfi fg tohefwhr pjrt ms `fcpfshn fg vhrtm`jeey ejcmijthn XpphrPmet Efjcs. ôhy jrh phihtrjtmia mitf toh Cmnnmh PmetEfjcs (Ximt 7) womò jrh grj`turhn by j shrmhs fg hx

thismfi gjuets. ôms zfih fg grj`turmia gfrcs toh hxth-rmfr sh`tmfi fg toh efwhr pjrt fg toh whnah. ôh nhptofg toh efwhr pjrt ms jbfut 2 c. ôh nhs`rmbhn subnmvm-smfi mi nmgghrhit pjrts jin tohmr rhsph`tmvh stru`turhsjrh typm`je gfr m`h-whnah `jsts (Wjinhibhraoh,:=?0j). Hsph`mjeey toh vhrtm`je ejcmijtmfi mi toh `hitrhfg toh efwhr pjrt ms j òjrj`thrmstm` ghjturh. Mt frmamij-ths grfc toh migmeemia by cunny shnmchits bhtwhhitoh m`h `frh jin toh whnah smnhs.

ôh m`h-whnah ojs pmhr`hn toh HMtvmeeh tugg ejyhr jintoh arhymso mivfeuthn Ijahebhhk ofrmzfi. Mt ms gmeehnwmto Xpphr Pmet Efjc, womeh shvhrje chthrs fg XpphrEfhss jrh `fvhrmia toh m`h-whnah `jst (Chys ht je.,:=?0). Mt gfeefws tojt, j``frnmia tf toh jah fg toh HMt

vmeeh tugg (Phcche, :=71; Qmiteh & Bruiij`khr, :=?0)

07



8 c

rhnbrfwi, `ejyhy

Gma. :. Qhnah-sojphn stru`turh wmtomi toh 'efjcs' jin thrrj`h nhpfsmts (whstsmnh fg toh Bhevínïrh-pmt; tfp fg toh sh`tmfi ms jt `j 88 c +

IJ\).

Gma. 2. Nfwigjuethn nhgfrcjtmfi stru`turh wmtomi toh thrrj`h arjvhes fg toh @jbhra thrrj`h (Bhevínïrh-pmt). ^oh ehiato fg toh sofvhe ms 88 `c.

01



jin toh Khsshet sfme B (Aueehitfps mi Ojhsjhrts ht je.,:=?:; Aueehitfps, :=?:) womò ms ji hqumvjehit fg tohIjahebhhk ofrmzfi, toh m`h whnah ojs bhhi gfrchnsemaotey jgthr 2:.<<< yr B.\. ôh m`h whnahs jt Ijahebhhk `frrhspfin tf toh wmnhey f`ùrrmia ehvhe fg m`hwhnahs womò ojvh nhvhefphn jt tojt tmch (Wjinhi-bhraoh, :=?0b).

`j :,2<r

Gma. 0. \f`kht-sojphn nfwisuik stru`turh wmtomi toh thrrj`h arj-

vhes fg toh @jbhra thrrj`h (Bhevínïrh-pmt).

„ - HMtv meeh tugg ejyhr

arhy Pmet Efjc

yheefw-brfwi Pmet Efjc

Gma. >. Qhmòshemji Xpphr \ehimaej`mje m`h-whnah `jst jt Ijahebhhk. M 3 Cmnnmh Pmet Efjc, MM 3 Ijahebhhk Ofrmzfi, MMM 3 Xpphr Pmet Efjc. ôh F c ehvhe ms jt `j ::1 c + IJ\; gfr smtujtmfi

shh4 Chmds ht je. :=?0.

@FC\JRMPFI FG ÔH PXBPMNHI@HGHJ^XRHP J^ BHEWÍNÏRH QMÔM@H-QHNAH @JP^Pôh nhgfrcjtmfi stru`turhs jt Bhevínïrh sofw sfchstrmkmia nmgghrhi`hs wmto m`h-whnah `jsts4j. ôh typm`je bmpjrtmtmfi fg toh efwhr pjrt fg m`h-

whnah `jsts mi j `hitrje jin ji hxthrmfr zfih ojs

ihvhr bhhi gfuin mi toh Bhevínïrh subsmnhi`h ghjturhs. ôh ejtthr jrh òjrj`thrmzhn by sojrp bfui-njrmhs womeh ef`jeey prhshit gjuets f`ùr bfto ihjrtoh hnahs jin mi toh `hitrje pjrt fg toh nhgfrcj-mfi. Mi toh m`h-whnah `jsts, ofwhvhr, gjuetmia ms em-cmthn tf toh futhr pjrt. ôms rhsuets mi trjismtmfijebfuinjrmhs js ms whee meeustrjthn jt Ijahebhhk (gma.>).

b. ôh vhrtm`je ejcmijtmfi mi toh `hitrje efwhr pjrt fgm`h-whnah `jsts ms ift jewjys nmstmi`tey hxprhsshnmi efhss nhpfsmts. Ofwhvhr, mt ms `fcpehthey jbshitmi toh nhgfrcjtmfis jt Bhevínïrh. ôhrh toh fieyvhrtm`je ejyhrmia ms prhshit jefia toh sthhpey gjuethnbfuinjrmhs fg sfch fg tohsh stru`turhs (gma. 0).

Ahihrjeey, toh cjmi pjrt fg toh migmeemia ms ofcfah-imzhn by seucpmia mitf toh whnah-sojphn fph-imias. Mi ftohr `jshs toh tftje nfwismikmia ms hg-gh`tujthn by cuetmpeh gjuetmia wmtofut jiy vhrtm`jeejyhrmia mi toh `hitrh fg subsmnhi`h. @fishquhiteytoh `fcpehth nhgfrcjtmfi (jin ift fiey toh hxthrmfr pjrt) tjkhs toh gfrc fg j arjbhi.

ôus toh subsmnhi`h ghjturhs jt Bhevínïrh jrh gmeehnby arjbhi-emkh bef`kgjuetmia fr by nfwiseucpmia.ôh prhshi`h fg thismfije stru`turhs `ji hjsmey bh hx-pejmihn by jiy subsmnhi`h. ôhy cjy sofw sfch sm-cmejrmty wmto m`h-whnah `jsts (Bej`k, :=?0). Cfst rh-cjrkjbeh ms toh `fcpehth jbshi`h fg j `hitrje vhrtm`jeejyhrmia womò ms, mi toh m`h-whnah `jsts, `jushn byarjnuje chetmia fg toh m`h `fvhr j``fcpjimhn by sm-cuetjihfus migmeemia grfc toh smnhs. ôh migmeemia byvhrtm`je gjee js whee js by gefw grfc toh smnhs fbvmfuseyf`ùrrhn mi j sofrt tmch fvhr toh tftje wmnto fg toh `j-vmty. Cfrhfvhr, toh nhgfrcjtmfis jt Bhevínïrh sofwj `fismnhrjbeh ohthrfahihmty fg gfrcs jin fg gmeemiashnmchits. Gmijeey tohy jrh uihqujeey nmstrmbuthn fvhrtoh jrhj mi `fitrjnm`tmfi wmto rhauejrey nhvhefphn m`h-whnah pfeyafis.

Mt cjy tous bh `fièunhn tojt toh whnah gfrcs fitoh @jbhra thrrj`h jt Bhevínïrh jrh if m`h-whnah`jsts. By jijefay tf toh `mrùejr ofeefws, womò èhjr-ey ojvh j kjrstm` frmami, toh fbshrvhn efiamtunmije

whnah gfrcs cjy bh `jushn by sfeutmfi fg @j@Fjjefia dfmits mi toh \jejhf`hih òjek. ôh fbshrvhnkjrstm` ghjturhs jrh gfrchn jt shvhrje tmchs bhtwhhitoh hin fg toh thrrj`h gfrcjtmfi jin toh gfrcjtmfi fgtoh Ijahebhhk-ofrmzfi. Bhsmnhs, gjvfrjbeh `finmtmfisgfr kjrstm` prf`hsshs whrh fiey prhshit jgthr efwhrmiafg toh wjthr tjbeh, mt chjis grfc toh mi`msmfi fg tohCjjs mi toh thrrj`h arjvhes fiwjrns.

@FI@EXPMFIPMi toh Bhevínïrh fut`rfp guiihe-sojphn smiks mi toharjvhes fg toh @jbhra thrrj`h jrh fbvmfusey nuh tf sfeutmfi fg toh uinhreymia \jejhf`hih òjek. Fi toh

ftohr ojin, whnah-sojphn gfrcs sofw jt gmrst aeji`h

0?



sfch smcmejrmty wmto m`h-whnah `jsts. ôhmr mithrijestru`turh, ofwhvhr, pfmits tf thismfije `rj`kmia jingmeemia by migefw grfc toh smnhs. ôh òjrj`thrmstm` vhr-tm`je ejcmimtmfi fg toh efwhr `hitrje pjrt fg m`h-whnah`jsts ms `fcpehthey jbshit mi toh nhgfrcjtmfis jt Bhevínïrh. ôhrhgfrh toh ejtthr gfrcs jrh mithrprhthn jssubsmnhi`h pohifchij `jushn by seft sfeutmfi fg toh dfmits mi toh òjek subsfme ('armkhs'). ôh sfeutmfi seftsnhvhefphn jt nmgghrhit tmchs nurmia toh nhpfsmtmfi fgtoh thrrj`h shnmchits jin fvhreymia 'efjcs' up tf tohgfrcjtmfi fg toh Ijahebhhk ofrmzfi.

J@KIFQEHNAHCHI^P

ôh jutofr ms arjthgue tf Cr. Q. C. Ghenhr jin Cr. O. Cõòhr gfr`rmtm`jeey rhjnmia toh cjius`rmpt, Chssrs. O. Pmfi jin @. vji nhrBemhk tffk `jrh fg toh nrjwmias jin poftfarjpom` wfrk.

RHGHRHI@HP

BEJ@K, R., :=?04 \shunf-m`h-whnah `jsts fg @fiih`tmùt, IH Ximthn Ptjths. - Zujthrijry Rhshjrò 2<, 1>-?=.

AuEEHI^F\P, G., :=?:4 Jbfut toh èmcjth fg toh ejst aej`mjtmfi miIQ-Hurfph. „ Pycp. Zujthrijry @emcjtm` Wjrmjtmfis Mi j Cmeji-

kfvmtò \hrsph`tmvh, Efuvjmi.OJHPJHR^P, \., H. DXWMAIÏ, F. P, KX ]E, O. D . CÕ@OHR & Q. RFH-

BRFHKP, :=?:4 @fcpth rhinu nh e'hxùrsmfi nu :0 dumi :=?:, hiOhsbjyh ht ju Emcbfura Iíhrejinjms, `fisj`ríh j ej òrfifstrj-tmarjpomh nhs efhss nu pehmstf`íih supírmhu r. - Jiijehs Pf`.Aífe. Bhea. :<>, 220-2><.

CHMDP, H,, O . D. CÕ@ OHR, A. FXQHRKHRK, J. RFCHMI & O. P^FE^HI-

BHRA, :=?04 Hvmnhi`h fg t oh prhshi`h fg toh HMtvmeeh tu gg Ejyhr miNutò jin Bheamji Emcbfura jin toh `fishquhi`hs gfr toh efhssstrj tmarjpoy . - Hmszhmtjethr u. Ahahiwjrt 00, 8=-1?.

PHCCHE, J . , :=714 Ihuh Guinstheehi vfi vuekjimsòhc Cjthrmje miohssmsòhi Efsshi. - Ifee zbe . ohss. E.-Jct Bfnhigfrsò, =8,:<>-:<?.

WJINHIBHRAOH, D . :=?0j4 M`h-whnah `jsts jin mivfeutmf is js phr-cjgrfst minm`jtfrs jin tohmr strjtmarjpom`je pfsmtmfi mi toh Qhmò-shemji. „ \rf`hhnmias fg toh gfurto Mithrijtmfije @fighrhi`h fi\hrcjgrfst, Gjmrbjiks, Jejskj. Ijt. J`jn. \rhss, QjsomiatfiN.@., :2=?-:0<2.

WJINHIBHRAOH, D., :=?0b4 Pfch phrmaej`mje pohifchij jin tohmrstrjtmarjpom`je pfsmtmfi mi Qhmòshemji nhpfsmts mi toh Ihtohr-ejins. - \fejrgfrsòuia 80, =1-:<1.

WJINHIBHRAOH, Q . D ., O. D . CÕ@OHR, Q . RFHBRFHKP & N. AHCKH,

:=?84 Emtofstrjtma rjpoy jin pjejhfhivmrfichit fg toh \ehmstf`íih nhpfsmts jt Cjjstrmòt-Bhevínïrh, Pfutohri Emcbura,toh Ihtohrejins, Chnhn. Rmdks Ahfe. Nmhist, 0=, :, 1-:?.

WRHHKHI, Q . D . & O. D. CÕ@OHR, :=?:4 (Rh)Nhpfsmtmfi fg efhss miPfutohri Emcbura, ôh Ihtohrejins. M. Gmhen hvmnhi`h gfr `finm-tmfis fg nhpfsmtmfi fg toh Efwhr Pmet Efjc `fcpehx. „ HjrtoPurgj`h \rf`hsshs jin Ejingfrcs 7, 001-08>.

QmIÊH, J. A. & K. BRXIIJ@KHR, :=?24 Jahs fg vfe`jim` tugg mi

Rohmiohsshi fbtjmihn by tohrcfeucmihs`hi`h njtmiq fg efhss.- Ijturwmsshisòjgt hi 7=, :?:-:?0.

0=



ÔHRCFEXCMIHP@HI@H NJ^MIA RHPXE^P GFR ÔH d OX_^JBEH-\JEJHFEMÔM@ PM^H CJJP^RM@O^-BHEWHNHRH Y Y Y Y Y I '

@FI^HI^P pjah

JBP^RJ@^ >2

MI^RFNX@^MFI >2

GEMI^ PJC\EHP GRFC CJJP^RM@O^-BHEWHNHRH >0

AJCCJ NFPH-RJ^H GRFC ÔH PFME >0

PHNMCHI^ NJ^MIA >0

@FI@EXPMFI >0

RHGHRHI@HP >>

Rhshjrò Ejbfrjtfry gfr Jròjhfefay jin toh Omstfry fg Jrt,Fxgfrn Ximvhrsmty,7 Khbeh rfjn,Fxgfrn <_: 0 ZD

Hiaejin.

>:



JBP^RJ@^

J brmhg rhvmhw fg toh tohrcfeucmihs`hi`h thòimquh js mt jppemhs tf

pjejhfemtom` smths ms prhshithn jin toh tohrcfeucmihs`hi`h jah gfrXimt > jt Cjjstrmòt-Bhevínïrh bjshn fi chjsurhchit fg shvhiburihn gemits ms rhpfrthn4 21< kj (+ ::, º 22, Fx E 1:2k).

MI^RFNX@^MFI

ôhrcfeucmihs`hi`h (Ê) ms j pohifchifi hxombmthntf vjrymia nharhhs by cjiy cmihrjes. Hsshitmjeey mt mstoh hcmssmfi fg emaot wohi j substji`h ms ohjthn, tomsemaot bhmia jnnmtmfije tf frnmijry rhn-oft aefw jinusujeey f`ùrrmia jt j ehss hehvjthn thcphrjturh. Mi sfgjr js jròjhfefam`je jppem`jtmfi ms `fi`hrihn tohemaot ms gjmit jin j sph`mje omao shismtmvmty poftfcuetm-pemhr ms ihhnhn gfr chjsurhchit.

Ê rhprhshits toh rhehjsh fg hihray tojt ojs bhhistfrhn mi toh `rystje ejttm`h fg toh cmihrje, toms hihraybhmia mi toh gfrc fg trjpphn heh`trfis. ôhsh trjpphnheh`trfis jrh toh rhsuet fg hxpfsurh tf iuèhjr rjnmj-tmfi jin tohrh ms j whjk geux fg toms grfc toh rjnmfheh-chits (pftjssmuc-><, tofrmuc jin urjimuc) ijturjeey

prhshit mi cmihrjes jin sfme. ôh bjsm` iftmfi fg Ênjtmia ms tojt jt toh tmch fg toh hvhit bhmia njthn tohejthit Ê fg toh sjcpeh wjs hggh`tmvhey zhrf. ôhi nurmia toh cmeehimj fg burmje toh ejthit Ê j`ùcuejthnsf tojt toh Ê fbshrvhn grfc j sjcpeh tf-njy ms jchjsurh fg jah. ôh hrjsurh fg ahfefam`jeey j`qumrhnÊ jt toh tmch fg toh jròjhfefam`je hvhit ms ji fbvm-fus hsshitmje gfr njtmia. Mi toh `jsh fg burihn gemit mtms toh j`tmfi fg ohjt tojt jòmhvhs toms, j thcphrjturhfg jrfuin ><<¼@ bhmia ihhnhn. Qmto shnmchit mt mstoh j`tmfi fg suiemaot mi 'behjòmia' toh Ê bhgfrh nh-pfsmtmfi; wminbefwi shnmchit suò js efhss wme! ojvhj efia hxpfsurh tf suiemaot womeh jmrbfrih jin mt jp-phjrs tojt sfch typhs fg wjthrbfrih shnmchit ojvhbhhi suggm`mhitey hxpfshn jesf.

ôh bjsm` hqujtmfi ms43 pjejhfnfsh

Y jiiuje rjnmjtmfi nfshôh pjehfnfsh ms hvjeujthn grfc ejbfrjtfry chjsurh-chits fg toh jròjhfefam`je j``ruhn Ê (toh ijturjeÊ) jin toh shismtmvmty fg toh pjrtmùejr sjcpeh `fi`hrihn, vmz4

, V ijturje Êpj jhf fs - -|-|Y YYY YY.Y YYYY YY iuèhjr rjnmjtmfiôus pjejhfnfsh rhprhshits toh tftje nfsh tojt tohsjcpeh cust ojvh rh`hmvhn smi`h toh hvhit bhmia njthn. Jethrijtmvh thrcmifefay ms hqumvjehit nfsh (HN)

jin jròjhfefam`je nfsh (JN).ôh jiiuje nfsh, fr nfsh-rjth, ms nhthrcmihn bybfto ejbfrjtfry jin fi-smth chjsurhchits. Mt `fismstsfg twf pjrts, toh mithrije nfsh-rjth grfc rjnmfheh-chits c toh sjcpeh mtsheg, jin toh hxthrije nfsh-rjthgrfc rjnmfhehchits mi toh burmje sfme (up tf j nmstji`hfg jbfut 28 `c grfc toh sjcpeh). Gfr gemit toh hxthrije`fcpfihit ms fgthi js cuò js ?<% fg jiiuje nfshjin `fishquhitey toh rhemjbmemty fg toh jah `ji bhstrfiaey nhphinhit fi ji j`ùrjth hvjeujtmfi fg mt.ôms `fcpfihit ms jethrijtmvhey `jeehn sfme nfsh, hivm-rfichitje nfsh, ajccj nfsh jin ajccj-peus-`fscm` nfsh; toh `fscm`-rjy `fitrmbutmfi ms typm`jeeyjbfut 2<% fg toh hxthrije `fcpfihit, ehss mi nhhp

`jvhs.

Ji mcpfrtjit `fismnhrjtmfi mi rhsph`t fg toh hxthrije `fcpfihits ms toh rjpmnmty wmto womò toh sjcpeh

bh`jch burmhn tf j nhpto fg 28 `c. Xitme tojt nhptoms rhjòhn mt nfhs ift rh`hmvh toh guee `fcpfihit;womeh eymia fi toh surgj`h ui`fvhrhn mt rh`hmvhs fieyojeg.

Gfr fi-smth chjsurhchits wh ush (m) Ê `jpsuehsjin (mm) j pfrtjbeh ajccj sph`trfchthr. J Ê `jpsueh, usujeey fg `fpphr `fitjmis j omaoey shismtmvh Êpfwnhr jin ms burmhn mi toh sfme mi j smtujtmfi tojt rhprhshits tojt fg toh sjcpeh js èfshey js pfssmbeh; mtms jbfut ? cc nmjchthr jin >< cc efia. Cmimcucburmje tmch ms j ghw cfitos, j yhjr bhmia prhghrrhn; mtms pej`hn jt toh hin fg j 0< `c efia juahr ofeh. ôhnhth`tfr fg toh ajccj sph`trfchthr ms 78 cc mi nmjchthr sf tojt j `frrhspfinmiaey ejrahr ofeh ms rhqum-

rhn; ofwhvhr mi toms `jsh toh chjsurhchit tmch ms fiey ojeg-ji-ofur.ôh jiiuje nfsh ms migeuhi`hn by toh wjthr `fi

thit fg sjcpeh jin sfme nurmia jitmqumty. Ji upphr emcmt tf toh hggh`t ms fbtjmihn by chjsurmia toh sjturj-tmfi `fithit. ôh js-nua `fithit `ji jesf bh chjsu-rhn (usmia j tmaotey-tmhn pejstm` bja tf jvfmn hvjpfrjtm-fi nurmia trjispfrt tf toh ejbfrjtfry)4 mt ms tohi j cjtthr gfr nmsùssmfi js tf wohtohr toh jvhrjah nurmiaburmje wjs bmaahr fr scjeehr toji toh js-nua vjeuh.Xi`hrtjmity jbfut wjthr `fithit ms fih fg toh gj`tfrstojt emcmt toh j`ùrj`y jttjmijbeh jin toh `feejbfrjtm-fi fg j sfme s`mhitmst ms mcpfrtjit. Gfr mistji`h fi tomssmth fur tojiks jrh nuh tf Burrfuao, Nmrkshi jin Wjinhr Qhsthrmiao grfc toh Jarmùeturje Ximvhrsmty fgQjahimiahi gfr ush fg tohmr nhtjmehn sfme cfmsturhjijeysms.

ôh cjxmcuc jah tojt `ji bh rhjòhn ms nhphinhit fi toh Ê òjrj`thrmstm`s fg toh sjcpeh, mts rjnmf-j`tmvmty, jin toh rjnmfj`tmvmty fg toh sfme. Mi rfuinthrcs bfto gemit jin `je`mth `ji rhjò jbfut ojeg-j-cmeemfi yhjrs, phrojps cfrh; toh emcmt gfr shnmchit msift yht hstjbemsohn. ôh j`ùrj`y fbtjmijbeh vjrmhswmto `mrùcstji`hs, fgthi bhmia emcmthn by ui`hrtjmity mi wjthr `fithit. Mt ms rhjemstm` tf hxph`t º :<% fgtoh jah; sfchwojt bhtthr `ji sfchtmchs bh jòmhvhnbut mt ms uimmkhey tojt toh hrrfr emcmts wmee hvhr bh rhnu-

`hn bhefw º8% fg toh jah. Jetofuao toh j`ùrj`yms ift omao mt ms usujeey jnhqujth gfr nh`mnmia mi womòfg shvhrje pfssmbeh msftfph stjahs j smth sofuen bh pej`hn.

Mi rhsph`t fg gemit mt ms nhsmrjbeh tf ojvh shvhrje sum-tjbeh sjcpehs grfc hjò `fithxt bhmia njthn, prhgh-rjbey ojeg-j-nfzhi fr cfrh. ôh sjcpehs ihhn tf bhwhee burihn jin ejrah hifuao. ôhy sofuen ift bh hxpfshn tf suiemaot fr geufrhs`hit emaot; tohy sofuen bhstfrhn mi toh njrk. ôh uetmcjth thst fg wohtohr tohburimia ms suggm`mëit ms ji mitharje pjrt fg toh Ê chjsurhchit, toh pejthju thst, jin ift jee gemits womòshhc tf bh whee burihn tf toh hyh pjss toms thst. ôhsmzh rhqumrhchit ms j nms` fg gemit rfuaoey 0 `c x : c.

ôh gemit ms nhstrfyhn mi toh `fursh fg chjsurhchit.

>2



•YY^

Gurtohr Migfrcjtmfi jbfut jppem`jtmfi fg Ê njtmiatf pjejhfemtom` smths fg IQ Hurfph wmee bh gfuin mi Jet-khi, Ouxtjbeh jin Nhbhiojc (:=?8).

GEMI^ PJC\EHP GRFCCJJP^RM@O^-BHEWÍNÏRH

ôhsh jrh jee grfc toh ejyhr fg geuvmjtmeh shnmchit `fi-tjmimia toh jròjhfefam`je f`ùpjtmfi, ejyhr K mi furifchièjturh, womò ms Ximt > js hstjbemsohn by Wji-nhibhraoh ht je., :=?8.

Mimtmje chjsurhchits bhaji wmto j 'Cjjs haa' (Bv:7:), gfr womò toh Ê smaije wjs mi sjturjtmfi, jinj tmiy s`jp fg gemit tff scjee gfr rfutmih jijeysms (Bv:2=7). Ofwhvhr toh ejtthr wjs ejrah hifuao tf `fi-gmrc tojt toh Ê jah wjs `fismsthit wmto j njth mi hx-`hss fg 2<< kj. Gurtohr hx`jvjtmfi prfnu`hn j tftje fgshvhi gemits sumtjbeh gfr rfutmih njtmia. ôrhh fg tohshwhrh grfc toh Pmth @ jrhj wohrh wh ojvh ajccjsph`trfchthr jin `jpsueh chjsurhchits; tohy jrh K>(Jz-:2/=), K8 (@z-:=/:8) jin K7 (Bz-2</2). K> wjs

grfc j ehss ofcfahihfus pjrt fg toh ejyhr toji tohftohr twf . Qh jesf ojvh K m e (22/22->>) womò wjsgrfc j nmgghrhit pjrt fg toh pmt, Pmth G; j `jpsueh chj-surhchit wjs cjnh ohrh.

K:2 (nw?>/:) jin K:0(nw?>/2) jrh grfc j cjim-ghstjtmfi fg Ejyhr K/Ximt > jbfut 28 c PH fg toh gmrstPmth @ fphrjtmfis. Gmijeey K:> (:=?> ::/bg) jin K:8(:=?> :2/bg) jin j 'efhss-nfee' K:7 jrh grfc jiftohrpjrt fg ejyhr K. Qh nf ift ojvh ajccj sph`trfchthrfr `jpsueh chjsurhchits gfr tohsh ejtthr sjcpehs jinwh ojvh jssuchn toh Pmth @ vjeuhs jppey. ôh Ê ch-tofn ushn gfr burihn gemit ojs bhhi nhs`rmbhn by Ouxtjbeh jin Dj`fbm (:=?2). ^jbeh : amvhs toh chjsurh-chit njtj jin toh jahs hvjeujthn gfr toh gemits. Fih

gemit (K:8) ojn ift bhhi nrjmihn suggm`mhitey by ets gmrstohjtmia tf bh njthn. ôh 'efhss-nfee' (K:7) grfc ejyhrK ymhenhn j pjejhfnfsh fg >8.8 º >.8 krjn hvjeujthnmi toh pejthju rhamfi fg toh aefw ùrvh grfc 028¼ tf><<¼@. ôms ms uimmkh toh bhojvmfur fg `je`mth wohrharfwto mi toms rhamfi fg toh aefw ùrvh ms ifi emihjr.ôh j vjeuh wjs <.:1 jin toh `jeùejthn jah wjs :18º 08 kj. Mt wfu en bh uiwmsh tf mighr jiytomia grfctoh nms`rhpji`y bhtwhhi toms Ê jah jin toh gemit njths js toh 'efhss-nfee' cmaot ojvh bhhi gfrchn nurmiaj ejthr phnfahihsms.

AJCCJ NFPH-RJ H GRFC ÔH PFMEJs wmee bh shhi grfc tjbeh : toms ms j nfcmijit `fcpfihit fg toh jiiuje nfsh. ôh vjeuh ushn gfr jee gemitsms tojt chjsurhn wmto toh ajccj sph`trfchthr miXimt > jt toh Pmth @ jrhj. ôh gemits whrh gfuin jbfut2< `c bhefw toh tfp fg toms ejyhr jin j arhjthr nmstji-`h jbfvh ets bjsh. ôh ajccj sph`trfchthr chjsu-rhchit wjs cjnh 2< `c bhefw toh tfp jin jt tomsnhpto mt ms hstmcjthn tojt =8% fg toh nfsh `jch grfcejyhr K. ôh nfsh-rjth hvjeujthn gfr toh Ximt 8.: ejyhrjbfvh K wjs omaohr by :<%.

^jbeh 2 amvhs toh pftjssmuc, tofrmuc jin urjimuc`fi`hitrjtmfis hvjeujthn grfc ajccj sph`trfchthrchjsurhchits mi vjrmfus ehvhes fg toh Bhevínïrh pmt.

Nfsh-rjths hvjeujthn grfc burmhn `jpsuehs whrh 1>

crjn/j gfr f`ùpjtmfi ejyhr (K) fg Pmth @ jin ?> jin?< gfr toh f`ùpjtmfi ejyhr mi womò Km e wjs gfuinjt Pmth G. Mt sofuen bh ifthn tojt tohsh vjeuhs mièunhj `fscm` rjy `fitrmbutmfi jin tojt toh fvhrburnhi msift ifw toh sjch js nurmia jitmqumty. Mi `jeùejtmiatoh jah mt ms jssuchn tojt toh jvhrjah fvhrburnhiwjs 2 chtrhs; tohrh ms if smaimgm`jit hggh`t fi toh `jeùejthn jah gfr qumth ejrah vjrmjtmfis mi fvhrburnhitom`kihss. J cfrh mcpfrtjit `fismnhrjtmfi ms tojt smi-

`h toh gemits whrh jt j nhpto fg 2< `c bhefw toh tfpfg toh ejyhr, jin gurtohr smi`h toh ejyhr jbfvh wjs nh-pfsmthn gjmrey rjpmney, tohrh ms j affn jssurji`h tojtgemits whrh rh`hmvmia toh guee ajccj nfsh hggh`tmvheygfr toh wofeh burmje phrmfn. Mg toh fvhrburnhi ojnbhhi misuggm`mëit toh `jeùejthn jah wfuen bh ehsstoji toh truh jah.

Ejbfrjtfry chjsurhchits fg sfme jepoj rjnmfj`tmvm-ty ajvh j nfsh-rjth tojt wjs :<% efwhr toji toh ajccj sph`trfchthr hvjeujtmfi; toms wjs bjshn fi tom`ksfur`h jepoj `fuitmia jin jepoj sph`trfchtrm` chj-surhchit fg pfefimuc-2:<. ôh jarhhchit ms `fism-nhrhn sjtmsgj`tfry, toh ajccj sph`trfchthr hvjeuj

tmfi bhmia prhghrrhn js cfrh nmrh`t. @fcpjrmsfi fgpfefimuc-2:< hvjeujtmfi wmto tom`k sfur`h jepoj`fuitmia minm`jthn (>8 º 8%) rjnfi hs`jph, jin tojttoh nharhh fg hs`jph bhgfrh hx`jvjtmfi wjs ift smaim-gm`jitey nmgghrhit grfc tojt fbtjmimia jt toh tmch fg tohajccj sph`trfchthr chjsurhchit. Jetofuao toh rjnfi hs`jph ms strfia, bh`jush tohrh ms if hvmnhi`h gfrnfwiwjrn nmggusmfi fg urjimuc mi tjbeh 2 mt ms `fism-nhrhn dustmgmjbeh tf jssuch tojt tohrh wjs if mcpfrtjit mithrghrhi`h grfc ahfòhcm`je ehjòmia.

PHNMCHI^ NJ^MIAôh rhsuets gfr shnmchit ojvh bhhi fbtjmihn by Nh

bhiojc (shh Jmtkhi, Ouxtjbeh jin Nhbhiojc, :=?8),wohrh toh nmggmùety mi rhsph`t fg shnmchits mi hx`hssfg :<< kj, jin tf sfch hxthit 8< kj ms chitmfihn. Gfrtoh yfuiahr shnmchits, toh upphr pjrt fg nh`je`mgmhnefhss (fur rhg. j) ajvh ji jah fg :1.2 + 0.8 kj jin tohupphr pjrt fg toh `je`jrhfus efhss (fur rhg. n) ji jahfg :1.8º0.> kj; gfr toh ejyhr (fur rhg. a) prhsuchn tfbh toh Ijahebhhk ofrmzfi toh jah fbtjmihn wjs:0.0 + 0.< kj.

@FI@EXPMFIBjshn fi toh 8 gemits èfshst tf Pmth @ jin grfc mt m.h.K>,

8, 7, :: jin :0 toh jvhrjah jah fbtjmihn ms 21<kj ( + :: , +22, FxÊ1:2k). Mièusmfi fg K :2jin :>jesf wfuen rhnu`h toms jah by fiey 0%. ôh gmrst hrrfremcmt qufthn (shh Jmtkhi jin Jeenrhn, :=12; Jmtkhi,:=17) amvhs toh Ptjinjrn hrrfr nhrmvhn grðc toh s`jt-thr fg toh minmvmnuje jahs jbfut toh chji vjeuh. ôhsh`fin fih ms toh prhnm`thn hrrfr emcmt tjkmia mitf j``fuit jee qujitmgmjbeh sfur`hs fg ui`hrtjmity. Mt ms tohejtthr emcmt tojt sofuen bh ushn mi cjkmia `fcpjrmsfiwmto njths bjshn fi ftohr thòimquhs. ôus jt toh7?% ehvhe fg `figmnhi`h toh jah `ji bh sjmn tf emhwmtomi toh rjiah 28<-2=< kj, jin jt toh =8% ehvhewmtomi toh rjiah 228-0:8 kj.

>0



ôhrcfeucmihs`hit jah hvjeujtmfi jin js-mcmts4 rhvmshn systhc. „ Jròjhfchtry :?,

RHGHRHI@HP

Jm KHI, C. D., :=17shsschit fg hrrfr200-20?.

Jm KHI, C. D. & D. @. JEENRHN, :=124 ôh jsshsschit fg hrrfr emcmts mi tohrcfeucmihs`hit njtmia. „ Jròjhfchtry :>, 281-271

Jm^KHI, C. D., D. Oux^JBEH & I. @. NHBHIOJC, :=?84 ôhrcfeucmihs`hi`h njtmia mi toh pjejhfemtom`4 burihn gmmit, stjejacmtm` `je`mth jin shnmchit. „ Bueehtmi J.G.H.Z., (mi prhss).

Oux^JBEH, D. & R. C. DJ@FBM, :=?24 ôhrcfeucmihs`hi`h njtmiafg burihn gemits grfc j Brmtmso Chsfemtom` smth4 Efiacffr Mièfsu-rh, Hjst Ojcpsomrh. - Jròjh fchtry 2>, :7>-:7=.

WJINHIBHRAOH, Q . D ., O. D . CÕ@OHR, Q. RFHBRFHKP & N. AHCKH,

:=?84 Emtofstr jtmarjpoy jin pjejhfhivmr fichit fg toh \ehms-tf`hih nhpfsmts jt Cjjstrmòt-Bhevínïrh, Pfutohri Emcbura,toh Ihtohrej ins, C hnhn . Rmdks Ahfe. Nmhist, 0=-: , 1-:?.

Pjcpeh

\jejhfnfsh (krjn)

^JBEH :4 GEMI^ Ê CHJPXRHCHI^P JIN RHPXE^JI^ JAHP

K> K8 K7 Kme K:2 KM 0 KC

gmih arjmi=<-:28 cm`rfi arjmis.jf(Ksm)

K2F (%ej vjeuh

Nfsh-rjths (crjn/j)

NY +

^ftjeJah (kj)

:. Ê jahs ojvh bhhi `jeù ejthn usmia toh pjejhfnfsh gfr gmih arjmis, Hrrfr emcmts fi toh jahs jrh jt toh 7?% ehvhe fg `fi gmnhi` h, `j eùejthnfi toh Jmtkhi jin Jeenrhn (:=12) systhc.

2. «(, ms toh uishjehn tom`k-sf ur`h `fu it-rjt h (phr ks) gfr j >2 cc nmjchthr zmi` suepomnh s`rhhi wmto toh heh`trfim` torhsofen sh ttmia suòtojt gfr j tofrmuc fiey sjcpeh toh grj`tmfi fg pueshs jbfvh toh torhsofen wfuen bh <.?8.

0. ôh ajccj nfsh-rj th ms nhrmvhn gr fc toh ajccj sph`t rfcht hr chjsurhchits cjnh ihjr toh gmin spft fg K >, 8 jin 7, m.h. mi ejyhr K fgPmth @. ôh chjsurhn cfmsturh `fithit mi toh sfme jt tojt tmch wjs <.:7 fg toh nry whmaot. Me ms jssuchn tojt nurmia jitmqumty tohcfmsturh `fithit wjs <.:7 + <.<8. ôh sjturjtmfi wjthr `fithit wjs <.2:.

>. ôh vjeuh gfr toh `fscm`-rjy nfsh rjth ojs bhhi tjkhi js :0 º 0 crj n/j , `frrhspfinm ia tf ji jvhrjah fvhrburnhi nur mia burmje fg 2chtrhs.

8. NY ojs bhhi tjkhi js (<.18º<.28) fg toh hggh`tmvh jepoj nfsh-rjth jssucmia ofcfahihmty. ôh rhnu`tmfi ms tf jeefw gfr toh pfssmbmemtyfg sfch jitm-`frrhejtmfi bhtwhhi jepoj j`tmvmty jin Ê shismtmvmty.

00º0 2>.1 + :.8 2? + :.8 0:. 0+: .8 2=.>+:.> 2?+:.? 20.8º:.802.2 º:. 0 21.7+ :.0 21 + :.0 0:.8 + 2.0 0:.= + 2.0 21.8+:.? 28.2º:.8:.27 <.08 :.7< <.=0 :.8= <.=> <.>0<.::8 <.<8= <.<17 <.:1? <.<17 <.<72 <.:=1<.<12 <.<=? <.:: <.::2 <.::8 <.:<< <.:8:

?.2 2.? :7.2 =.> :7.? ?.8 7.2:7.8 7.: :7.> 1.7 :7.0 :<.7 :7.>?8 ?8 ?8 ?8 ?8 ?8 ?8

::< => ::? :<2 ::? :<> :<10<< º02 270 + 21 20? + 2< 0<1 + 2? 28< + 2:.8 27= + 27 2:= + 2<

u

ppc

^JBEH 2. MI-PM^X AJCCJ P\H@^RFCH^HR HWJEXJ^MFIP J^ BHEWÍNÏRH

ô

ppc

:2j 2.0 º<. 0 (2.1 º<.>) ?. 2º <. > (=.7 + <.8)` 2.7 º<.0 ?.2 + <.>n 2.> º<. 2 (2.1 º<.2) 1.1 + <.> (?. ?º<. 8)h 2.> º<.2 ?.2 + <.>g 0.: º<.2 7.0 + <.0

a 2.< 2º<. :> (2.0> + <.:7) ?.> + <.2 (=. 1º<. 2)o :.?0 + <.:? =.1º<.0m 2.:>º<.27 ?.7º<.>

d :.8= º<.27 1.2 + <.>k :.72 + <.:7 8.? + <.2

Qjthr `fithit jsfg nry whmaot

K/D Q@

% %

:.10 + <.<= (2.<0 + <.::) :8:.=2 + <.<=:.88 + <.<1 (:.17 + <.<?) :2:.87 + <.<1:.>8 + <.<1:.72 + <.<7 (:.?? + <.<1) :>:.78 + <.<?:.>= + <.<?:.:= + <.<1 :7:.<7 + <.<8 :0

ôh vjeuhs qufthn jrh toh rhsuet fg mi smtu chjsurhchit wmto j ajccj sph`trfchthr (sfnmuc mfnmnh). ôhy ojvh ift bhhi `frrh`thn gfr wjthr`fithit jin ohi`h toh vjeuhs jpprfprmjth tf nrmhn shnmchit wmee bh omaohr by jbfut :8% (fi toh bjsms fg toh wjthr `fithit tojt ojs bhhichjsurhn gfr 8 fg toh ejyhrs, js minm`jthn).

>>



PXCCJR]

ôh ahfefam`je shquhi`h hxpfshn mi toh Bhevínïrh pmt `fismsts fg@rhtj`hfus-\jejhf`hih emchstfih, ^hrtmjry shnmchits, 8 tf ? ch-trhs Cmnnmh \ehmstf`hih geuvmjtmeh nhpfsmts jin 7 tf ? chtrhs prh-Qhmòshemji 'efhss-emkh' jin Qhmòshemji efhss nhpfsmts. ôh efwhrpjrt fg toh geuvmjtmeh shnmchits, toh `fjrsh arjvhe, ms `fvhrhn wmtosjiny nhpfsmts. ôh tfp fg toh geuvmjtmeh shquhi`h `fismsts fg efjcyshnmchits.

J shquhi`h fg gmvh suphrpfshn nmgghrhit cjccje gjuij-jssf`mjtmfis grfc toh Cjjstrmòt-Bhevínïrh pmt ojs bhhi stunmhn.ôh fenhst jssf`mjtmfi. Bhevínïrh :, (ejth Hjrey \ehmstf`hih-hjreyCmnnmh \ehmstf`hih) grfc toh bjsh fg toh arjvhe ms pffrey kifwi.ôh arjvhe mtsheg `fitjmis j yfuiahr gjuij-jssf`mjtmfi (Bhevínïrh2) wmto tuinrj hehchits, gfr hxjcpeh @fhefnfitj jitmqumtjtms, jinms njthn js Hjrey Pjjemji. ôh bjsh fg toh fvhreymia sjins ojs ymhe-nhn j gjuij (Bhevínïrh 0) wmto j iucbhr fg sthpph-hehchits, suòjs Fòftfij pusmeej ji n @rm`htus `rm`htus prjhaej`mjems. ôh ihxt

gjuij (Bhevínïrh >) `feeh`thn grfc toh efjcy shnmchits minm`jthsj cfrh oucmn jin wffnhn hivmrfichit. ôh prhshi`h fg Hcys fr-

bmùejrms mi toh efjcy shnmchits sofws tojt tohsh shnmchits ojvhbhhi nhpfsmthn mi j rjtohr wjrc mithrvje fg toh Pjjemji phrmfn.

ôh su``hssmfi fg tohsh Pjjemji Bhevínïrh 2-> gjuijs nfù-chits toh pjejhfh`fefam`je òjiah nurmia toh trjismtmfi grfc j`fmn stjnmje phrmfn tf j wjrc-thcphrjth stjah. ôh prhshi`h fg jihw Jpfnhcus sph`mhs />. cjjstrmòtmhisms mi toh gjuijs Bhevínïrh0 jin > (Pjjemji) ms ifthn.

ôh omao grhquhi`y fg yfuia minmvmnujes jcfiast toh ejrahrcjccjes fg toh gjuij Bhevínïrh >, womò jrh gfuin mi jssf`mjtmfiwmto jròhfefam`je gmins, ms mithrprhthn tf bh nuh tf oucji ouitmiaj`tmvmty.

ôh sjch jppemhs tf toh prhshi`h fg toh ejrahr cjccje rhcjmisfg toh yfuiahst gjuij (Bhevínïrh 8) gfuin jt toh bjsh fg tohQhmòshemji efhssm` nhpfsmts. ôh jr`tm` ehccmia Nm`rfstfiyx tfr-

qujtus womò ms jbuinjitey prhshit, minm`jths tojt toms gjuij custbh njthn js Hjrey Qhmòshemji.

:. MI^RFNX@^MFIPmi`h toh jròjhfefam`je mivhstmajtmfis stjrthn mi

:=?<, j ejrah iucbhr fg cjciije gfssmes ojvh bhhigfuin mi toh Cjjstrmòt-Bhevínïrh pmt. Cfst fg tohcojvh bhhi `feeh`thn jt toh Pmths B, @ jin H (shh Rfh-brfhks, :=?8) nurmia toh hx`jvjtmfis jin nurmia jsph`mje `jcpjmai frajimzhn tf shjrò gfr gfssmes fg cm-`rfcjccjes mi toh nhpfsmts hxpfshn mi toh Cjjstrmòt-Bhevínïrh pmt.

J ejrah iucbhr fg gfssmes fg gfr hxjcpeh cjccfto,wffeey romif jin ofrsh whrh `feeh`thn grfc toh shnmchits fg toh @jbhra thrrj`h cjiy yhjrs jaf. Pfchfg tohc ojvh bhhi stunmhn jin nhs`rmbhn by Rugthi(:=<=) jin @rhchrs (:=28, :=27). ôhsh gfssmes jrhstfrhn mi toh Cushuc fg Ijturje Omstfry Cjjstrmòt(IOCC) jin toh Ihtohrejins Ijtmfije Cushuc fg

Ahfefay jin Cmihrjefay (R.A.C.) jt Ehmnhi. ôhshgfssmes ojvh bhhi rhstunmhn, but jrh chitmfihn mi tomsjrtmèh fiey wohi toh strjtmarjpom`je pfsmtmfi fg tohsph`mchi ms kifwi.

Gmvh suphrpfshn nmgghrhit cjccje gjuij-jssf`mj-tmfis grfc toh Cjjstrmòt-Bhevínïrh pmt jrh nhs`rmbhnmi toms pjphr. Gfur fg tohc ojvh bhhi gfuin mi toh geuvmjtmeh nhpfsmts womò fvhremh toh @rhtj`hfus-\jejhf`hih emchstfih jin ^hrtmjry shnmchits jinwomò jrh `fvhrhn wmto 'efhss-emkh' jin efhss nhpfsmts.J nhtjmehn nhs`rmptmfi fg toh emtofstrjtmarjpoy ms prh-shithn by Wjinhibhraoh ht je. (:=?8).

ôh bjsh fg toh arjvhes (Ximt 0), toh efwhrcfst pjrtfg toh geuvmjtmeh nhpfs mts, ojs ymhenhn toh fenhst gjuij-jssf`mjtmfi (Bhevínïrh :). Cjccje gfssmes fg j yfuiahr gjuij-jssf`mjtmfi (Bhevínïrh 2) jrh gfuin mi tohupphr pjrt fg toh arjvhes. ôh bjsh fg toh fvhreymiagmih-arjmihn Cjjs nhpfsmts (Ximt >) `fitjmis j gjuij-jssf`mjtmfi (Bhevínïrh 0) womò nmgghrs grfc toh Bhevínïrh > gjuij-jssf`mjtmfi grfc omaohr up mi Ximt >.Ximt 8.2, fi tfp fg toh geuvmjtmeh shnmchi ts, pjrtey `fismsts fg rhwfrkhn cjthrmje grfc toh uinhreymia shnmchits. ôh gjuije rhcjmis grfc toms Ximt (smth B, shhRfhbrfhks, :=?8) jrh rhajrnhn js bhmia pjrt fg tohgjuij-jssf`mjtmfi Bhevínïrh >.

ôh yfuiahst gjuij-jssf`mjtmfi (Bhevínïrh 8) `feeh`thn jt smth H nhrmvhs grfc Ximt 7.2 , toh bjsh fg toh

Qhmòshemji efhssm` nhpfsmts.

2. ^HRCMIFEFA] JIN CHJPXRHCHI^PJee toh hehchits fg toh upphr djw jrh minm`jthn wmto

j `jpmtje òjrj`thr, toh hehchits fg toh efwhr djw byj scje! òjrj`thr.ôh thrcmifefay ushn wmto toh nhs`rmptmfi fg toh

gfssmes jin toh wjy fg chjsurmia tohc jrh sph`mgm` misfch `jshs. ôh jutofrs wof nhs`rmbh jin gmaurh tohifchièjturh jin toh chjsurmia chtofns jrh chitmfihn mi toh sh`tmfi nhjemia wmto toh sph`mhs `fi`hr-ihn.

0. J@KIFQEHNAHCHI^PM jc arhjtey minhbthn tf J. D. vji nhr Chuehi jin \.]. Pfinjjr gfr tohmr suppfrt jin tf J. D. vji nhrChuehi, \. ]. Pfinjjr, \. Cjrks, Q. O. Tjawmdi, Q.

Rfhbrfhks jin N. G. Cjyohw gfr `rmtm`je rhjnmia fgtoh cjius`rmpt jin `fistru`tmvh `fcchits.

ôh jutof r ms arjth gue tf J. Q. G. Chmdhr(Cjjstrmòt), C. Grhunhitoje (Ehmnhi), \. O. D. vjiBrhh (Jcsthrnjc) jin @. Pchhik (Ehmnhi) gfr phr-cmssmfi tf stuny toh `feeh`tmfis.

M sofuen emkh tf tojik O. \. Brmikhrmik gfr oms js-smstji`h mi toh gmhen jin toh prhpjrjtmfi fg pjrt fg tohgfssmes. D. Euthmdi cjnh toh nrjwmias jin Q. J. nhiOjrtfa cjnh toh pm`turhs, gfr womò M jc arjthgue. Msofuen emkh tf tojik N. G. Cjyohw gfr mcprfvmia tohHiaemso thxt.

M arjthgue j`kifwehnah toh Ihtohrejins Frajimzjtm-fi gfr toh Jnvji`hchit fg \urh Rhshjrò (T.Q.<.)gfr tohmr gmiji`mje suppfrt gfr cy rhshjrò fi toh bmf-strjtmarjpoy fg Cmnnmh \ehmstf`hih cjccjes grfcôh Ihtohrejins fg womò toms prfdh`t ms pjrt.

>. P]P^HCJ^M@ NHP@RM\^MFIP>.:. \MP@HP

Nrs. N. @. Brmikoumzhi (B.J.M. , Arfimiahi) nhthr-cmihn sfch gmso rhcjmis. Jcfiast toh gfssmes fg tohgjuijs Bhevínïrh 0 jin > tohrh jrh pojryiahje thhtofg `jrp-emkh gmso (@yprmimnjh) suò js Ehu`msùs`hpojeus (Emiijhus, :18?), toh òub, jin @ofinrfstfcj ijsus (Emiijhus, :18?), toh ijsh. Nhitje

thhto fg toh pmkh, Hsfx eu`mus Emiijhus, :18? minm`jth

>7



• 'QP»'-"'*"'

toh prhshi`h fg toms sph`mhs mi toh gjuij Bhevínïrh >.

>.2. JWHP

ôh bmrn rhcjmis ojvh bhhi nhthrcmihn by Nrs. \. Qhhsmh, Mistmtu-th gfr Hjrto P`mhi`hs, Xtrhòt.

Jvhs minht.

Gjuij; Bhevínïrh >Cjthrmje4 gmrst pojejiah Nma. MMM, bfih grjaiihits

Rhcjrksôh gmrst pojejiah ojs if sph`mje cfrpofefam`je òj-rj`thrs. Mt ojs toh smzh fg toh ohrfi (Jrnhj `mihrhj).ôh bfih grjachits jrh minhthrcmijbeh jin prfbjbeybhefia tf scjee phròmia bmrns (\jsshrmgfrchs).

Jijtmnjh minht.

Gjuij; Bhevínïrh >Cjthrmje4 `frj`fmn smi.

Rhcjrksôh `frj`fmn ms mi`fcpehth. \rfxmcjeey j scjee grjachit ms cmssmia jin toh nmstje jrtmùejtmfi surgj`h mshitmrhey brfkhi fgg. Cfrpofefam`jeey mt effks emkh j `frj`fmn fg toh Jishrmgfrchs. ôh smzh fg toh sph`mchigrfc toh Bhevínïrh ms mithrchnmjth bhtwhhi j cjeejrn(Jijs pejtyroyiòfs) jin j arjyeja affsh {Jishrji- shr).

Iy`thj s`jinmj`j (Emiijhus, :18?)(Pifwy fwe)

(Gma. :)

Gjuij; Bhevínïrh 8Cjthrmje4 tjrsfchtjtjrsjeh nhxt.

Rhcjrksôh tjrsfchtjtjrsjeh ojs bhhi rhghrrhn tf toms sph`mhsfi toh bjsms fg toh mnhitmty mi smzh jin cfrpofefaywmto `fcpjrjtmvh cjthrmje fg toh rh`hit sifwy fwe.

>.0. RH\^MEMJ

Hcys frbmùejrms (Emiijhus, :18?)(Hurfphji pfin tfrtfmsh)

(Gma. 2)

2 `c

Gjuij; Bhevínïrh >Ximt4 >bCjthrmje4 hpmpejstrfi nhxt.,xmpompejstrfi (jithrmfr pjrt).

oypfpejstrfi smi. (pfsthrmfr pjrt).

Gma. :. Iy`thj s`jinmj`j4 tjrsfchtjtjrsjeh nhxt. (BQA :),

pfsthrmfr vmhw.

Ximt4 8.2.Cjthrmje4 suprj-pyajeh2, grjac. `fstjeh, cjramijeh 1 smi., cjramijeh = nhxt., cjramijeh :< nhxt., grjac. oyfpejstrfi, grjac. xmpompejstrfi.

Nhs`rmptmfi jin rhcjrks (toh ifchièjturh fg toh bfihs ms gmaurhn mi Gma. 2j jin b)

ôh rhcjmis fg toh oypfpejstrfi jin toh xmpompejstrfi grfc uimt >b jrh gfuin tfahtohr, èfsh tf tohhpmpejstrfi. Mi vmhw fg tohmr pfsmtmfi mi toh ejyhr jinfg tohmr `fcpjrjbeh smzh tohsh rhcjmis prfbjbey bh-efiahn tf fih minmvmnuje (shh Gma, 2`). ôh ehiato fgtoh pejstrfi ojs bhhi hstmcjthn tf bh jbfut :> `c.

ôh nmgghrhi`h mi smzh fg toh rhcjmis grfc uimt 8.2minm`jth tojt tohy nhrmvhn grfc jt ehjst twf sph`mchis. ôh mcprmit fg toh suturh fg toh ofriy pejths fitoh cjramije bfihs sofws tojt toh `fstje ofriy pejthspjrtey fvhremh toh cjramije bfihs. ôms òjrj`thr ms ty-pm`je gfr H. frbmùejrms (Brmikhrmik, phrs. `f cc .,

:=?8), toh fiey tfrtfmsh sph`mhs kifwi grfc \ehmstf-`hih nhpfsmts fg Ifrto Qhsthri Hurfph (Ptujrt,:=1=).

>.>. CJCCJEMJ

>.>.:. Mish`tmvfrj

>.>.:.:. Hrmij`hmnjh

Hrmij`hus `g . njvmnm Djccft, :=10(Ohnahofa)

(Gma. 0j)

Gjuij; Bhevínïrh >Cjthije4 C2 nhxt.

Chjsurhchits4 ehiato - , wmnto 8.<8 cc.

>1



Gma. 2. Pohee fg £Y11/8 frbmùejrms E. (j jin b cfn mgm hn grf c Ptu jrt , :=1=). Nft thn emihs fi toh rmaot oji n smnh fg toh sohee minm`jth cjra misfg toh fvhre ymia ofriy pejths. j4 `jrjpj `h; nfrsjm vmh w. Iu 3 iuò je, I:-? 3 ihurje s, @:-? 3 `fstje s, C:-:: 3 cjrami jes, \ 3 pyaje s,Pp :-2 -s uprj -py aje s b4 pejstrfi , vhitrje vmhw. Hp 3 hpmpejstrfi, Hi 3 hitf pejstr fi, Oyf 3 oyfpe jstrfi , Oyp 3 oypfpej strfi, _m 3 xm pom-

pejstrfi. `4 pjrts fg pejstrfi (nfrsjm vmhw). Bhevínïrh >.

Gma. 0. j4 Hrmij`hus `g. njvmnm4 f`èusj m vmhw fg C2 nhxt . (BE =-:);b-`; @rf`mnurj `g . ehu`fnfi4 \> nhxt . (BE >-:7) j4 f`èusjm vmhw ; b4

bu``je vmhw. Himjrahchit :< x.

Nhs`rmptmfiôh hehchit ms mi`fcpehth. Oypf`fih jin chtj`fihjrh cmssmia. ôh cfejr ojs j ejrah prftf`fih jin jomao jin sojrpey pfmithn pjrj`fih. \rftf`fih jinpjrj`fih jrh `fiih`thn by j omao `rhst. J efwhr `rhstms prhshit bhtwhhi pjrj`fih jin chtj`fih jin jvhry efw jin sofrt fih bhtwhhi prftf`fih jin chtj-`fiueh. ôh cfejr ojs j wmnh jithrmfr `miaueuc jinj ijrrfw bu``je fih.

Rhcjrks

ôhrh jrh j iucbhr fg nmgghrhi`hs bhtwhhi toh C2 fg

toh emvmia Hrmij`hus hurfpjhus jin toh sph`mchi grfctoh Bhevínïrh. ôh cfejr grfc toh Bhevínïrh ojs

- cfrh pfmithn tubhrèhs- j `rhst bhtw hhi pjrj`fi h jin chtj `fih (jbshit jt toh C 2

fg H. hurfpjhusS

- j ijrrfw bu``je `miaue uc- j cfrh jithrmfrey smtujthn chtj`fiueh

Bh`jush fg tohsh nmgghrhi`hs mt ms nfubtgue tojt tohcfejr bhefias tf Hrmij`hus hurfpjhus. Jht/mhòmiusjeamrus, toh Wjarjit Ohnahofa, womò emvhs mi Jgrm`jjin `hrtjmi jrhjs fg Pfutohri Hurfph `ji bh nmstmi-aumsohn grfc H. hurfpjhus fi toh bjsms fg nmgghrhi`hsfg toh jithrmfr nhitje hehchits. ôh upphr cfejrs fgtohsh twf sph`mhs jrh cfrh fr ehss mnhitm`je. Jssmai-chit tf Jhtohòmius jeamrus ms uimmkhey.

Djccft (:=10) nhs`rmbhs j ihw sph`mhs Hrmij`husnjvmnm Xfc toh Cmnnmh \ehmstf`hih smth Ej Gjah. Mt mstoh ejrahst Hurfphji ohnahofa kifwi sf gjr (Djc-cft, :=10). ôh wmnto fg toh C2 grfc toh Bhevínïrhgmts wmtomi toh rjiah fg toh C2 fg H. njvmnm grfc Ej Gj-ah (C2 w mn to ; >.7-7.: c c, chji 8.2 cc (I 3 8)).

Jnnmtmfijeey toh cfrpofefay fg fur sph`mchi shhcstf `frrhspfin rjtohr whee tf tojt fg toh C2 fg H. njvm nm gUaurhð by Djccf t, :=10 (\ejth 2, Gma. =).

>.>.:.2. ^jepmnjh^jepj hurfpjhj Emiijhus, :18?

(Cfeh)

Gjuij; Bhevínïrh 0Cjthrmje4 C0 smi., c2 smi., c0 nhxt., ouchrus smi., umij smi.

Chjsurhchits; (toh ouchrm jrh chjsurhn j``frnmia tf toh chtofngmaurhn by Djccft, :=10.)

ouchrus; wmnto fg toh nmjpoysms >.0 cc

>?



Gma. ?. j4 Jrvm`fej `jitmjij/thrrhstrms4 ce smi. (BE 0-0<7); b4 Jrvm `fej thrrhstrms4 ce jin c2 smi. (BQA 8<:). Himjrahchit 2< x.

Gjuij; Bhevínïrh >Cjthrmje4 7 Ce nhxt., Ce smi., 1 C2 nhxt., : C2 smi., 7 C:/C2, 2C0 nhxt., 2 C0 smi., 0 ce nhxt., 2 ce smi., > c2 nhxe., > c2 smi.,> c0 nhxt., 0 c0 smi.

Chjsurhchits;I Cmi. Cjx i.

Ce ehiato 1 2.=2 0.2< 0.<?wmnto 1 :.77 :.?< :.1>

C2 ehiato 1 2.:2 2.81 2.21wm nt o 1 :.0: :.72 :.>>

C0 ehiato > :.?7 2.2< 2.:<wm nt o > :.:8 :.2> :.2<

ce ehiato 8 0.2: 0.?? 0.78wmnto 8 :.0< :.7< :.8:

c2 ehiato 8 2.:0 2.0> 2.2<wmnto 7 :.21 :.>? :.01

c0 ehiato 8 :.=> 2.:: :.=?wmnto 8 <.=1 :.:? :.<8

Nhs`rmptmfi jin rhiijrksJee toh cfejrs jrh rfftehss, tohmr rh-hitrjit gfens jrhpjrtey gmeehn wmto `rfwi-`hchit. ôh ce `fcprmshs, jpfsthrmfr effp, torhh èfshn trmjiaehs jin j rhejtmvheyejrah jithrmfr effp. ôh hijche fi toh `fivhx smnh fgtoh trmjiaehs ms js tom`k js tojt fi toh `fi`jvh smnh.ôh chji smzh fg toh ce ms sfchwojt ejrahr toji

tofsh fg Jrvm`fej `jitmjij grfc Qhstbury-sub-Chinmp (Bmsofp, :=?2). ôhy ojvh jbfut toh sjchsmzh js toh cfejrs fg J. thrrhstrms grfc Rohihi womòojvh j chji ehiato fg 0.80 cc. (I 3 2) (Wji Kfegsòfthi, :=?:).Jrvm`fej cfejrs mi wo mò toh hijche tom`kihss ms iftnmgghrhitmjthn jrh ùrrhitey nhthrcmihn js J. `jitmj ij/thrrhstrms minm`j tmia toh trjism tmfije stjah mi tohhvfeutmfi grfc J. `jitmjij tf J. thrrhstrms.

Jrvm`fej thrrhstrms (EMiihjus,(wjthr vfeh)

(Gma. ?b)

:18?)

Gjuij; Bhevínïrh 8Cjthrmje4 2 ce smi.. c2 smi.

Chjsurhchits4I Cmi. Cjx. i.

c e ehiato : - - 0.1?wmnto 2 :.88 :.78 :.7<

c2 ehiato : - - 2.:?wmnto : „ - :.><

Nhs`rmptmfiôh Jrvm`fej thhto grfc Bhevínïrh 8, toh ce mi pjrt m-ùejr, sofw j nmgghrhitmjtmfi fg toh hijche tom`kihss.Mi toh efwhr thhto toh hijche fi toh `fivhx smnh fgtoh trmjiaehs ms sfchwojt tomiihr toji fi toh `fi`jvh smnh (shh Gma. ?b). ôms typh fg hijche-tom`kihssnmgghrhitmjtmfi jin toh smzh fg toh cjthrmje jeefw tohnhthrcmijtmfi fg toms cjthrmje js Jrvm`fej thrrhstrms.

Rhcjrksôh Jrvm`fej thhto grfc Bhevínïrh 8 nmgghr grfc tohJrvm`fej thhto grfc toh gjuijs 0 jin > by tohmr hijchenmgghrhitmjtmfi. ôh chji ehiato fg toh ce fg rh`hit

wjthrvfehs grfc Hiamjin ms jbfut >.08 cc (Ptujrt,:=?2). ôh chjsurhchits fg tofsh fg J. thrrhstrms thr rhstrms jin J. thrrhstrms hxmtus grfc \fejin jrh rhsph`-tmvhey >.:? cc jin 0.=: cc (Ijnjòfwskm, :=?2).ôms minm`jths tojt toh cfnhri wjthrvfeh ms j emtteh ejrahr toji toh fih grfc toh gjuij Bhevínïrh 8.

\mtycys C`Curtrmh, :?0: jin Cm`rftus Pòrjik,:1=?.

J ejrah iucbhr fg cfejrs rhprhshit toh ahihrj \mty cys fr Cm`rftus mi toh gjuijs Bhevínïrh 0, > jin 8.

ôh cfejrs jarhh mi toh jbshi`h fg rffts, toh prhshi-`h fg jbuinjit `rfwi-`hchit mi toh syièmihs jinnmgghrhitmjtmfi fg toh hijche tom`kihss jt bfto smnhsfg toh trmjiaehs. Fiey toh f`èusjm pjtthris fg ce jinpjrtey tofsh fg C2 jin C0 jrh ushgue gfr nhthrcmijtmfi.

ôh f`èusjm surgj`h fg toh ce nmspejys j pfsthrmfrefbh, 0 tf 8 èfshn trmjiaehs jin j vjrmjbey sojphn jithrmfr gmhen. Fih `ji nmstmiaumso gmvh nmgghrhit cfrpof-typhs jcfiast toh ce grfc toh Cjjstrmòt-Bhevínïrhpmt.

- cfrpof typh : (Gma. =j) ms òjrj`thrmzhn by torhhèfshn trmjiaehs ^ e , ^2 jin ^0 jin twf brfjney `fi-geuhit trmjiaehs ^> jin ^8. ôh jithrmfr gmhen `fismsts

8>



fg ^7, ^1 jin J@ 0. Cfrpoftyph : òjrj`thrmzhs tohHurfphji sph`mhs fg toh ahius \mtycys.

- cfrp oftyp h 2 (Gma. =n) ms òjrj`thrmzhn by gfurèfshn trmjiaehs, j ^8 womò ms brfjney `figeuhit wmtotoh jithrmfr gmhen. ^7 ms scjee, ^1 whee nhvhefphn. ômscfrpoftyph ms typm`je fg toh emvmia Cm`rftus fh`fifcus ( 3 C. rjttm`hps).

- cfrpoftyp h 0 (Gma. =b)4 ôh c e fg toms typh ojsgmvh èfshn trmjiaehs jin ji jithrmfr gmhen wmto j whee

nhvhefphn ^1. ^7 ms mi`mpmhit fr jbshit. ôms typh msòjrj`thrmstm` fg toh emvmia Cm`rftus arhajems.

- cfrpoftyph > (Gma. =g) cfejrs ojvh gmvh èfshntrmjiaehs, j sofrt jithrmfr effp, whee nhvhefphn ^7 jin^1 jin j nhhp ERJ >. ôh tmp fg ERJ > emhs mi grfitfg BRJ 0. BRJ > jin ERJ 8 jrh mi`mpmhit fr jbshit.ôms typh ms òjrj`thrmstm` fg C. imvjems.

- cfrp oftyp h 8 cfejrs ojvh gmvh èfshn trmjiaehs.ôh jithrmfr gmhen ojs whee nhvhefphn ^7 jin ^1. BPJ>, EPJ 8, ERJ 8 jin usujeey BRJ > jrh whee nhvhefphn. Cm`rftus jrvjems jin C. jarhstms ojvh j ce wmtotoms typh fg cfrpofefay.

^f qujitmgy tohsh nmgghrhi`hs j iucbhr fg chjsu-

rhchits ojvh bhhi tjkhi. Gma. :< sofws toh pjrjchthrs jin toh wjy tohy ojvh bhhi chjsurhn. ôh rhej-tmfi bhtwhhi toh pjrjchthrs b jin g ms vmsmbeh mi Gma.::.

Gma. :: sofws j ejrahr èusthr mièunmia jee cfrpof-typhs hx`hpt gfr toh twf sph`mchis womò emh mi tohehgt efwhr `frihr fg toh nmjarjc. ôh ejtthr twf ojvhbhhi nhthrcmihn js C. arhajems.

Qmtomi toh ejrah èusthr tohrh ms j omaohr `fi`hitrj-tmfi fg fbshrvjtmfis mi mts rmaot-efwhr pjrt, jinjiftohr ehss èhjr `fi`hitrjtmfi mi toh ehgt upphr pjrt.ôh sph`mchis grfc Bhevínïrh 0 jrh `fi`hitrjthn mitoh rmaot-efwhr pjrt fg toh ejrahr èusthr. ôhy jrh nhthrcmihn js C. jrvjems jin/fr C. jarhstms.

ôh fbshrvjtmfis grfc toh Bhevínïrh > sph`mchisjrh èhjrey nmvmnhn bhtwhhi toh twf `fi`hitrjtmfis mitoh èusthr4 toh sph`mchis mi toh rmaot-efwhr pjrt, nhthrcmihn js C. jrvjems jin/fr C. jarhstms, jin tohtorhh sph`mchis mi toh ehgt-upphr pjrt, nhthrcmihn jsC. fh`fifcus.

ôh efwhr ce fg Bhevínïrh 8, wmtomi toh ejrahrèusthr, `ji bh nhvmnhn mi twf `fi`hitrjtmfis. Fih mitoh ehgt-upphr pjrt (sph`mchi wmto cfrpoftyph 2, nhthrcmihn js C. fh`fifcus) jin jiftohr mi toh rmaot-efwhr pjrt (sph`mchis wmto cfrpoftyph > jin 8).Ofwhvhr toh subnmvmsmfi ms ift èhjr hifuao jin tjkmia mitf j``fuit toh ftohr òjrj`thrs mt ms nh`mnhn tfnhthrcmih jee Cm`rftus cfejrs js C. fh`fifcus (shh

jesf toh rhcjrks uinhr C. fh`fifcus).ôh cfrpofefamhs fg toh C0, c2 jin c0 fg toh nmg

ghrhit \mtycys jin Cm`rftus sph`mhs jrh vhry smcmejr.ôh prhshi`h fg cfrh toji fih sph`mhs fg fih fg tohshfr bfto ahihrj mi toh nmgghrhit gjuijs cjkhs j sph-`mgm` nhthrcmijtmfi fg tohsh cfejrs mcpfssmbeh. ôhrh-gfrh, tohy wmee bh nhs`rmbhn js \mtycys sp fr Cm`rftussp. mi Bhevínïrh >, rhprhshitmia bfto ahihrj, fr jsCm`rftus sp. mi Bhevínïrh 0 mi wo mò fi ey toh prhshi`h fg Cm`rftus sp. ms minm`jthn sfgjr. Ofw hvhr, jihx`hptmfi `ji bh cjnh gfr tofsh C2, womò ojvh jihxtrj pfsthrf-emiauje trmjiaeh. ôhy jrh nhthrcmihn jsC. jarhstms. ôh Ce fg /Q. jarhstms cjy fr cjy ift

ojvh toms hxtrj trmjiaeh.

Gma. =. j4 \mtycys `g. subthrrjihus4 c e smi. (BE 7->18); b4 Cm`rftusarhajems4 ce nhxt. (BT :->8:); ` - g4 Cm`rftus fh`fifcus ( 3 C.

rjttm`hps)4 `4 ce nh xt. (BE?-><= ); n4 c:- c0s mi. (BQA 8>2); h4 cenhxt. (BQA 82:); g4 ce jin c2 nhxt. (BQA 80:). Himjrahchit fgjee tgmh gmaurhs jbfut 2< x.

\mtycys `g . subthrrjihus (nh Píeys Efia-òjcps,:?07)

(Gmih vfeh)(Gma. =j)

Gjuij; Bhevínïrh >Cjthrmje4 ce smi.Chjs urhc hits4 E 3 2. 8: , Q 3 <.=<, j 3 :.08, b` 3 <.:1, n 3 <.:=, h 3 <.7=, g 3 <.:=.

<.<0,

Nhs`rmptmfi jin rhcjrks

ôh cfst rhcjrkjbeh òjrj`thr fg toms sph`mchi ms toh

88



brfjney `figeuhit trmjiaehs ^> jin ^8. ôh trmjiaehsê jin ^0 ojvh ji jithrf-pfsthrmfrey `fcprhsshn jp-phjrji`h. ôh sjemhit jiaehs BPJ 0 jin EPJ > ojvhj rfuinhn futemih. ôh scjee smzh fg toh cfejr jin mtsf`èusjm pjtthri jrh òjrj`thrmstm` fg \mtycys subthrrjihus.

Cm`rftus arhajems (\jeejs, :11=)(Ijrrfw-skueehn vfeh)

(Gma. =b)

Gjuij; Bhevínïrh 0Cjthrmje4 ce nhxt. (Gma. =b)Chjsurhchits4 E 3 2.>8, Q 3 <.?:, j 3` 3 <.<2, n 3 <.:=, h 3 <.82, g 3 <.<7

Gjuij; Bhevínïrh 8Cjthrmje4 ce (brfkhi)Chjsurhchits4 Q 3 <.?>,h 3 <.8>, g 3 <.:<

<.<2,

:.08,

<.<>,

<.<2,

<.2<,

Gma. :<. F`èusjm surgj`h ft Cm`rftus ce smi. meeustrjtmia toh pjrjchthrs tojt whrh chjsurhn. E-E' 3 E; Q-Q' 3 Q; j-E 3 j; b-b' 3 b;

`-`' 3 `; n-n' 3 n; h-h' 3 h; h-g 3 g.

Nhs`rmptmfi jin rhcjrksôh duvhimeh sph`mchi grfc Bhevínïrh 8 `fismsts fgji jithrmfr pjrt fiey. Bfto cfejrs ojvh ji mi`mpmhitBRJ >. ôms typh fg cfrpofefay ms òjrj`thrmstm` fgC. arhajems.

Cm`rftus fh`fifcus (Khyshremia ht Bejsmus,( 3 C. rjttm`hps)

(Rfft vfeh)

(Gma. =`-g)

:?>:)

Gjuij; Bhevínïrh >Cjthrmje4 2 ce nhxt. , : ce smi. (Gma. =`)Chjsurhchits4

E Q j b ` n h gI - 2 2 0 2 0 0 0Cmi. - <.?1 :.:= <.:? <.<2 <.00 <.82 <.<7Cjx . - <.=0 :.20 <.2< <.<> <.>8 <.7: <.:>_ - <.=< :.2: <.:= <.<0 <.>: <.87 <.<=

Nhs`rmptmfi jin rhcjrksôh torhh sph`mchis jrh mi`fcpehth. ôhmr cfrpofefay `frrhspfins tf cfrpoftyph 2 òjrj`thrmzhn by jomao b-vjeuh, j efw `-vjeuh jin by toh jbshi`h fr prh-shi`h fg ji mi`mpmhit ^7. Hx`hpt gfr toh duvhimeh cfejrs tohy ojvh j wmnh jithrmfr gmhen (n 3 <.>> jin <.>8rhsph`tmvhey). ôh smzh jin toh cfrpofefay fg tohshsph`mchi jrh smcmejr tf toh ce fg /Q. fh`fifcus.

Gjuij; Bhevínïrh 8Cjthrmje4 2 Ce nhxt.. Ce smi., 2 C2 nhxt., 2 C2 smi., 2 C0 smi.,cjinmbuej wmto ce jin c2 nhxt., cjinmbuej wmto ce-c0 smi., ::ce nhxt., 1 ce smi., 8 c2 nhxt., c2 smi., c0 nhxt,, 0 c0 smi.

Chjsurhchits4c e E Q j b ` n h gI

:> :1 :7 :7 :7 :> :1 :7Cmi. 2.8< <.?> :.27 <.<2 <.<2 <.2< <.8> <.<2Cjx. 0.:0 :.<8 :.87 <.28 <.<8 <.> 7 <.1? <.2=_ 2.1? <.=8 :.>: <,:0 <.<> <.0? <.71 <.:>PN :>.=7 >.=0 1.<7 1.11 <.=1 1.1? 7.2< 1.18

I Cmi. Cjx. _C e ehiato : - - 2.:?

wmnto : „ „ :.20C2 ehiato 0 :.>? :.1= :.72

wm nt o > <.1= :.:: <.=:C0 ehiato - - - -

wmnto : „ „ :.<:

c2 ehiato 1 :.>? :.7> :.88wmnto 0 <.?8 :.<0 <.=?

c0 ehiato 0 :.0= :.>> :.>:

wmnto > <.17 <.=0 <.?>

Nhs`rmptmfi jin rhcjrksôh c e cfejrs ojvh j vjrmjbeh sojphn jithrmfr pjrtrhprhshitmia toh cfrpoftyphs 2, > jin 8 òjrj`thrmstm` fg J//. fh`fifcus, C. imvjems jin C. ji/jems/C.jarhstms rhsph`tmvhey (Gma. =, `-g). ôh jithrmfr `jp fgtoh cfrpoftyph 8 cfejrs ms sofrthr toji tofsh fg C.jrvj/ms jin Cm`rftus jarhstms grfc Bhevínïrh 0 jin >.ôh vjrmjbmemty `jushs toh ejrah Ptjinjrn nhvmjtmfi fgcfst fg toh pjrjchthrs. Gma. :: sofws tojt j subnmvm-smfi fg toh nmgghrhit typhs bjshn fi toh pjrjchthrs bjin g `ji ojrney bh cjnh. ôh ftohr pjrjchthrs amvhtoh sjch rhsuets.

ôh ce fg Ejth \ehmstf`hih jin emvmia C. fh`fif cus grfc \fejin sofws toh sjch vjrmjbmemty mi tohpjtthri (Ijnjòfwskm, :=?2).

Cm`rftus jarhstms Emiijhus, :=1:(Pofrt-tjmehn vfeh)

Gjuij; Bhevínïrh >Cjthrmje4 2 Ce nhxt. , 2 Ce smi. , 7 C2 nhxt., ? C2 smi.

Chjsurhchits4I Cmi. Cjx. _

Ce ehiato 0 2.2< 2.20 2.2:wmnto > :.<2 :.:= :.::

C2 ehi ato :: :.2< :.1> :.88

wmnto :> • <.1: :,<= <.=7

87



M

HH N C.arhajems Bhevín ïrh 0i _ C.arhajems Bhevínïr h 8

t • C.fh`fJ1f/11t/s Bh ev ín ïr h >

<.2?-+ C.fh`fifcus Bhevhnïrhsf C.jrvjems fr C.jarhstms Bh evhnïrhs

<.27--»-

• C.jrvjems fr C.jarhstms Bhevh nïrh >

<.2>-+

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+` Y<.:?-

+ + •29Y

<.:7- + U9Y*-cY

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: : : : : : : : :80 <.<2 <.<> <.<7 <.<? <.:< <.:2 <.:> <.:7 <.:? <.2< <.22 <.2> <.27 <.2? <.0< <.02 <.0> <.07 „ g (cc)



Nhs`rmptmfi jin rhcjrksôh cfrpofefay fg toh C2 fg toh emvmia C. jarhstmsnmgghrs grfc toh cfrpofefay fg toh C2 fg ftohr Cm`rftus sph`mhs by ojvmia ji hxtrj scjee sjemhit jiaeh fitohmr pfsthrf-emiauje smnh. ôms hxtrj sjemhit jiaeh cjyjesf bh prhshit mi C e ; Mg prhshit mts smzh ms vjrmjb eh.Pfch C e ojvh j whee nhvhefphn fih , ftohrs j vhryscjeeh fih.

Jbfut ojeg fg toh C2cfejrs (Cfut fg 2=) fm Cm`rf-

tus grf c Bhevínïrh > bhefia tf C. jarhstms. Fiey > futfg 2? C e cfejrs ojvh ji hxtrj sjemhit jiaeh. ôh ghjturh ms jbshit mi toh 8 Ce jin 2 C2 grfc Bhevínïrh0 jin toh 0C: jin > C2 grfc Bhevínïrh 8.

Cm`rftus jrvjems jin/fr C jarhstms(Pofrt-tjmehn vfeh jin/fr `fccfi vfeh)

Gjuij; Bhevínïrh 0Cjthrmje4 cjinmbuej 'wmto c e jin c2 nhxt. , > ce nhxt ., : ce smi

Chjsurhchits4c:c :

E Q j b ` n h gI 0 > 0 > > > > >

Cc , 2.01 <.?? :.2: < <.<0 <.2< <.7: <.:1Cjx . 2.=: <.=? :.8? <. <0 <.<1 <.00 <.?> <.028g 2.7: <.=0 :.01 <.<2 <.<7 <.27 <.88 <.22

c24 eh iato4 :.82, w m nto <.=?. cc

Gjuij; Bhevínïrh >Cjthrmje4 22 ce nhxt4., :? c : smi.

Chjsurhchits4c ec :

E Q j b ` n h gI :7 21 27 2= 2? 2= 2= 2=Cmi. 2.28 <.11 :.:1 < < <.:: <.7< <.:?Cjx. 0.<> :.<0 :.8< <.<8 <.<8 <.0> <.?2 <.02_ 2.8> <.=< :.02 <.<0 <.<0 <.20 <.18 <.2?

Nhs`rmptmfi jin rhcjrksJee ce ojvh toh typm`je jrvjemn cfrpofefay wmto gmvhèfshn trmjiaehs jin whee nhvhefphn ^7 jin ^1 (cfr-poftyph 8). ôh jithrmfr gmhen ojs j vjrmjbeh sojphcjmiey `jushn by toh vjrmjtmfi mi toh nhvhefpchit fgtoh BRJ >. Jesf toh nhpto fg ERJ 8 jin toh nhvhefpchit fg BPJ 8 jin EPJ 7 ms vjrmjbeh.

ôms typh fg cfrpofefay ms òjrj`thrmstm` fg tohemvmia sph`mhs C. jarhstms jin /Q. jrvjems. ôh cfrpofefay fg toh C2 sofws tojt bfto sph`mhs jrh rhprhshi-thn mi Bhevínïrh >. ôh prhshi`h fg C jarhstms mi Bhevínïrh 0 ojs ift bhhi minm`jthn sfgjr.

\mtycys/Cm`rftus sp.

Gjuij; Bhevínïrh >Cjthrmje4 :0 Ce nhxt., :: Ce smi., :2 C2 nhxt., 0 C2 smi., 2 Ce/2,:2 C0 nhxt., :1 C0 smi., :1 c2 nhxt., 22 c2 smi., :2 c0 nhxt., :2c0 smi.

Rhcjrksôh cfejrs ojvh j cfrpofefay womò ms òjrj`thrmstm`jin smcmejr gfr cjiy sph`mhs fg toh ahihrj \mtycysjin eU/em`rftus, bfto rhprhshithn mi Bhevínïrh >.ôhrhgfrh j sph`mgm` nhthrcmijtmfi fg tohsh cfejrs msmcpfssmbeh.

ôh cfrpofefay fg toh C0 ms vhry vjrmjbeh. Cfst fg

toh sph`mchi ojvh 0 emiauje sjemhit jiaehs, ftohrs

ojvh >. BPJ0 ms whee nhvhefphn, BPJ > mi`mpmhit frjbshit. Mt ms nmggmùet tf nmstmiaumso toh C0 fg \mtycys,

womò jrh nmjaifstm` gfr sfch fg toh sph`mhs fg tomsahius, grfc toh C0 fg Cm`rftus. ôhrhgfrh, jee C0grfc toms gjuij jrh nhs`rmbhn js \mtycys/Cm`rftussp.

Cm`rftus sp.

Gjuij; Bhevínïrh 0Cjthije4 > Ce nhxt.. Ce smi., 2 C2 nhxt., 0 C2 smi., > Ce/2, 0 C0nhxt., 0 C0 smi., ce nhxt., 0 c2 nhxt., > c2 smi., ? c:/c2, 7 c0nhxt., 8 c0 smi.

Rhcjrksôh rhcjrks jppeymia tf toh cjthrmje nhs`rmbhn js \m tycys/Cm`rftus sp. jrh pjrtey vjemn gfr cjthrmje nhthr-cmihn js Cm`rftus sp. ôh ahius \mtycys ms hxèunhnbh`jush mt ojs ift bhhi minm`jthn mi Bhevínïrh 0 sfgjr.

>.>.0.8. Curmnjhôh thrcmifefay jin toh chjsurhchits jrh j``fr-

nmia tf Wji nhr Qhhrn, :=17.

Gma. :2. j-n4 Jpfnhcus syevjtmùs4 j4 C e nhxt . (BE 1-7<0); b4 C2nhxt. (BE 7-7<8); `4 ce nhxt. (BE 7-7:8); n4 c2 nhxt. (BE 7-72>);h-o4 Jpfnhcus cjjstrmòtmhisms i. s p 4 h C e smi. (BE 1-1<:); g4 C2nhxt. (BE 7-1<0); a4 ce nhxt. (BE 7-10:); o4 c2 nhxt. (BE7-1:?).

Himjrahchit 2< x.

8?



YQ'Yr

Jpfnhcus syevjtmùs Emiijhus, :18?(Qffn cfush)

(Gma. :2j-n)

Gjuij; Bhevínïrh 0Cjthrmje 4 2C: nhxt., : C2nhxt., : C2s mi.,, : C0smi.", 2 ce nhxt: c e smi., : c2 nhxt., : c0 smi


C: ehiato 2 :.?= :.=7 :.=0wmnto 2 :.:= :.2: :.2<C2 ehiaeo 2 :.:2 :.2? :.2<

wmn to 2 :.:: :.:7 :.:>C0 ehiato : - - <.=:

wmnto : - „ <,?2

ce ehiato 0 :.1= :.?? :.?>wmnto 0 :.<> :.:2 :.<?

c2 ehiato : - - :.:=wmnto : „ „ <.==

c0 ehiato : - - <.=2wmnto : „ - <.11

* ôhsh cfejrs bhefia tf J. syevjtmùs fr tf J. cjjstrmòtmhisms i.sp.

Gjuij4 Bhevínïrh >Cjthrmje4 = Ce nhxt., 7 Ce smi., 7 Ce nhxt., 8 C2 smi., 0 C0 nhxt.*,? C0 s mi . - , 8 ce nhxt., = ce smi., ? c2 nhxt., ? c2 smi., :2 c0nhxt.*, > c0 smi.*

Chjsurhchits4I Cmi. Cjx. y

C: ehiato :> :.1= 2.<> :.=0wmnto :> :.:2 :.2? :.:=

C2 ehiato :: :.:8 :.0= :.27wmnto :: :.<7 :.22 :.:0

C0 ehiato :: <.1= <.=8 <.?>wmnto :: <.10 <.=: <.?2

ce ehiato :0 :.7= :.=: :,?<wmn to :0 <.=> :.:8 :,<8

c2 ehiato :7 :.:> :.21 :,2:

wmnto :7 :.<< :.:? :,:<c0 ehiato :7 <.?: :.<1 <.=8wmnto :7 <.18 <.=2 <.?7

Nhs`rmptmfi jin rhcjrksôh vjrmjtmfi mi toh iifrpofefay fg toh iifejrs `fr-rhspfins tf tojt fg toh cfejrs fg J. syevjtmùs nhs-`rmbhn by \jsqumhr, :=1>. Nhthrcmijtmfi js J. gejvm- `feems, fg womò toh cfejrs èfshey rhshcbeh tofsh fgJ. syevjtmùs, ojs bhhi hx` eunhn bh`jush fg toh prh-shi`h fg j whee nhvhefphn t= mi ihjrey jee toh C2 grfctoh Bhevínïrh. ôh smzh fg toh cfejrs fg bfto J. gejvf- `feems jin J. syevjtmùs vjrmhs `fismnhrjbey nurmia toh\ehmstf`hih. ôh sph`mchis grfc toh Bhevínïrh jrhscjeehr toji tofsh grfc toh ejth Cmnnmh \ehmstf`hihsmths Eh Ejzjrht, Fraij` jin \rmi`h Armcjenm (\jsqumhr, :=1>).

ôh J. syevjtmùs cfejrs grfc Rohihi, hx`hpt gfrtoh C e , jrh jbfut toh sjch smzh js tofsh grfc Bhevínïrh. ôh Ce grfc Rohihi jrh scjeehr (Wji Kfegsòfthi, :=?:).

ôh shpjrjtmfi fg J. syevjtmùs jin J. cjjstrmò tmhisms i. sp. mi toh Bhevínïrh cjthrmje ms nhjet wmto mitoh gfeefwmia sh`tmfi.

Jpfnhcus cjjstrmòtmhisms i. sp.

Ofeftyph4 ce nhxt. `fee.ir. BE7-10: (Gma. :2a)

\jrjtyph4 Ce smi., `fee.ir. BE1-1<: (Gma. :2h)C2 nhxt. `fee.ir. BE7-1<0 (Gma. :2g)c2 nhxt. `fee.ir. BE7-1:? (Gma. :2o)

Htycfefay4 ijchn jgthr toh tfwi Cjjstrmòt mi womòtoh smth Bhevínïrh ms smtujthn^yph ef`jemty4 Cjjstrmòt-Bhevínïrh, Ximt >Ptrjtmarjpom` rjiah4 Cmnnmh \ehmstf`hihFtohr ef`jemtmhs grfc womò toms sph`mhs ms kifwi4Grjisòh Kjcp, Qjahimiahi (ôh Ihtohrejins) jin

Cmhshiohmc (Qhsthri Ahrcjiy).Nmjaifsms4 j scjee tf cmnnmh smzhn Jpfnhcus. ôh

C e wmt o 0 fr > rffts (cfst fg tohc ojvh 0) j t= wo mòms scjeehr toji toh t7 jin j ijrrfw, hefiajthn t1. ôht0 fg toh C2 ms mi`mpmhit fr jbshit, t1 jin t= jrh scjee.ôh sefphs fg toh ùsps fg ce jin c2 jrh cfrh fr ehssvhrtm`je jin toh jiaeh gfrc hn by toh òhvrfis ms ejrah.ôh jithrmfr pjrt fg c e ms msfejthn mi cfst fg toh sph`mchi. ôh jithrf-ejbmje ùsp fg c2 ms scjee.

Nmgghrhitmje nmjaifsmsJ. cjjstrmòtmhisms i. sp. nmgghrs grfc jee ftohr Jpf nhcus sph`mhs mi toh omao sthhpihss fg toh sefphs fg

toh ùsps mi ets efwhr cfejrs.Rhcjrks fi nmgghrhi`hs bhtwhhi J. cjjstrmòtmhismsi. sp. jin ftohr sph`mhs fg toh ahius Jpfnhcus.

J. cjjstrmòtmhisms i. sp. nmgghrs grfc J. syevjtmùsbh`jush fg ets scjeehr smzh (shh Gma. :0) jin by toh nh-vhefpc hit fg t1 jin t= mi toh upphr cfejrs C e jinC2. ôhsh tubhrèhs jrh bhtthr nhvhefphn mi toh cfejrs fg J. syevjtmùs. ôh t0 womò ms mi`mpmhit fr jbshit mi toh C2 fg J. cjjstrmòtmhisms i. sp. ms cuòejrahr mi toh sh`fin upphr cfejr fg J. syevjtmùs. ôhefwhr cfejrs fg J. syevjtmùs ojvh ùsps wmto ehsssthhp sefphs jin toh jiaeh gfrchn by toh òhvrfis ms

scjeehr.J. cjjstrmòtmhisms i. sp. nmgghrs grfc J. cm`rfps mitoh smzh fg toh t0 fg C2 womò ms bhtthr nhvhefphn miJ. cm`rfps. Fiey j scjee iucbhr fg sph`mchi fg J.cm`rfps (2 fut fg ::>) sofw j rhnu`tmfi fg toh t0(Pthmihr, mi Imhtojcchr & Krjpp, :=1?). ôh t= fg Cejin C2 fg J. cm`rfps jrh jesf ejrahr toji tofsh fg Jcjjstrmòtmhisms i. sp .. ôh pfsmtmfi fg toh ùsps fgtoh efwhr cfejrs fg J. cm`rfps `frrhspfins cuòbhtthr tf tojt fg toh efwhr cfejrs fg J. syevjtmùs.

J. jarjrmus ojs j C2 wmtofut j t0. Mi toms òjrj`thrtohrh ms rhshcbeji`h wmto sfch fg toh cfejrs fg J.cjjstrmòtmhisms i. sp. Ofwhvhr, J. jarjrmus nmgghrs mitoh cfrpofefay fg toh ftohr cfejrs. ôh t1 fg Ce jinC2 ms whee nhvhefphn. ôhrh jrh if j``hssfry ùspsfi toh ejbmje `miaueuc fg ce. ôh c2 fg J. jarjrmusms efiahr jin ojs ji hxtrj ùsp ejbmje tf toh oypf`f-imn.

ôh cfejrs fg J. cystj`mius jrh cuò ejrahr jincfrh `fcpem`jthn wmto j ejrah iucbhr fg j``hssfryùsps mi ce jin c2 (shh Imhtojcchr & Krjpp, :=1?).

ôh \emf`hih J. dhjithtm ms cuò ejrahr toji J.cjjstrmòtmhisms i. sp. (ehiato C e 2.:8-2.18, \jsqumhr, :=1>).

J. f``mtjius jin J. nfcmijis jrh ejrahr toji J.cjjstrmòtmhisms i. sp. ôh cfrpofefay fg toh cfejrs

fg J. f``mtjius jin J. nfcmijis rhshcbeh cfrh

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w MWM2

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:.0-

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:.:- •• Y.t*:.<- • t)

<.=- . r&•

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: : : : : :<.= :.< :.: :.2 :.0 :.> :.8 Ehiato(cc)

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:.=

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C0

-t- +

„ M „ M „ M „ M „ M „ M „ M „<.= :.< :.: :.2 :.0 :.> :.8 E

Gma. :0. Ehiato-wmnto s`jtthr nmjarjiis fg cfejrs fg Jpfnhcus syevjtmùs jin Jpfnhcus cjjstrmòtmhisms i. sp. grfc toh gjuijs Bhevínïrh

0 jin >.

7<



tohsh fg J. syevjtmùs, gfr mistji`h by ojvmia bhtthrnhvhefphn t1 jin t= jt toh upphr cfejrs Ce jin C2.

Cm`rfcys cmiutus, toh Ojrvhst cfush, nmgghrsgrfc J. cjjstrmòtmhisms i. sp. by ojvmia j c e wmt o0 rffts (j nmjaifstm` òjrj`thr j``frnmia tf Bðoch miImhtojcchr & Krjpp, :=1?). ôh t1 fg MWM: jin C2 fgC. cmiutus ms whe ! nhvhefphn, t= ms scjeehr toji toht7 mi toh emvmia sph`mhs. ôh gfssme fihs sofw j bhtthrnhvhefphn t= (Wji nh Qhhrn, :=1=). Ejbmje j``hssfryùsps jrh jbshit mi toh efwhr cfejrs fg C. cmiutus(Bðoch, mi Imhtojcchr & Krjpp, :=1?). C. cmiutusms jesf scjeehr toji J. cjjsti'òtmhisms (ehiato Ce:.0-:.8 cc (I 3 2<8) (Ptfrò ht je ., :=10).

Gjuij; Bhevínïrh 0Cjthrmje4 : Ce nhxt., : Ce smi., 2 c2 nhxt.

Chjsurhchits4I Cmi. Cjx. y

C e ehiato 2 :.7= :.1? :.1>wmnto 2 :.<7 :.:8 :,:<

c2 ehiato 2 :.<8 :.<7 :.<7wmnto 2 <.=< <.=2 <.=:

Gjuij; Bhevínïrh >Cjthrmje4 0 Ce nhxt., > Ce smi., 1 C2 nhxt., 0 C2 smi., :< ce nhxt.,: ce smi., 7 c2 nhxt., 2 c2 smi.,


Ce ehiato 1 :.8: :.?2 :.71wmnto 1 :.<2 :.<= :.<7

C2 ehiato :< <.=> :.:= :.:<wmnto :< <.== :.<? :.<2

c e ehiato :: :.01 :.7< :.8<wmnto :: <.?> <.=8 <.=:

c2 ehiato ? <.=> :.:7 :.<0wmnto ? <.?? <.=? <.=>

Nhs`rmptmfi jin rhcjrksôh C e ; ôh pfsmtmfi fg toh tubhrèhs wmto rhajrn tfhjò ftohr ms vjrmjbeh tf j `hrtjmi hxthit. Jesf toh`fiih`tmfi bhtwhhi toh tubhrèhs jin toh prhshi`hfg hnahs jt toh pfsthrmf r smnh fg gfr hxjcpeh te jint0 ms vjrmjb eh. ôh t1 jin t= fg C e js whee js C2 jrhscjee. ôh t0 fg toh C2 ms jbshit mi fih sph`mchi, mitoh ftohrs mt ms vhry scjee.

ôh ce jin c2 jrh òjrj`thrmzhn by toh omao sthhp-ihss fg toh ùsps.

ôh jithrf-`hitrje ùsp fg c e ms scjee. Mi cfst sph`mchis toh ejbmje j``hssfry ùsps jrh scjee jin emttehnmgghrhitmjthn grfc toh `miaueuc. ôh jithrmfr ùspsjrh shpjrjthn grfc prftf`fimn jin chtj`fimn mi cfst

fg toh sph`mchis. Fiey vhry wfri hehchits jin jsmiaeh uiwfri fih sofw j efw `fiih`tmfi bhtwhhitohsh ùsps.

ôh c2 ojs j scjee nhvhefphn jithrf-ejbmje ùspjin j scjee thrcmije ohhe.

ôh C0 jin c0 fg Jpfnhcus grfc Bhevínïrh 0 jin> sofw sfch vjrmjtmfi mi smzh but tohy nf ift sofwjiy nmjaifstm` òjrjòthr tf nmstmiaumso tofsh fg J.cjjstrmòtmhisms i. sp. grfc C0 jin c0 fg J. syevjtm ùs. Cfst prfbjbey toh scjeehr fihs `ji bh jssmaihntf J. cjjstrm`tmtmhisms i. sp. but mt ms ojrn tf nhhenhwomò sph`mchis bhefia tf J. cjjstrm`tmtmhisms i. sp.jin womò tf J. syevjtmùs. ôhrhgfrh, C0 jin c0 jrhift nhthrcmihn jt sph`mgm` ehvhe.

>.>.>. @jrimvfrj

>.>.>.:. Custhemnjh

Custhej `g . imvjems Emiijhus, :177(Qhjshe)

Gjuij; Bhevínïrh >Cjthrmje4 :2 smi., c2 nhxt.Chjsurhchits4 :2; jithrf-pfsthrmfr nmjchthr <.?? cc

wmnto <.81 ccc2; ehiato <.=< cc. , wmnto <.?8 cc

Nhs`rmptmfi jin rhcjrksôh efwhr cfejr, c2, ojs fiey fih ùsp jin jijithrf-pfsthrmfr rmnah fi toh ejbmje pjrt fg toh `rfwi.@fcpjrhn wmto toh chjsurhchits by Ouauhihy(:=18) fg rh`hit stfjts jin whjshes jin fg gfssme cjthrmje grfc gfr hxjcpeh Ej Gjah mt ms cfst emkhey tojttoh c2 bhefias tf j whjshe (C. imvjems). ôh upphr mi-`msfr ms rjtohr ejrah jin, tohrhgfrh, mt `jiift bh hxèu-nhn tojt toms hehchit bhefias tf toh ejrahr C. hrcm- ihj.

>.>.8. \rfbfs`mnhj

>.>.8.:. Hehpojitmnjh

ôh thrcmifefay jin toh chjsurhchits jrh j``frnmia tf Cjaemf, :=10.

Hehpojs jitmquus Gje`fihr jin @jutehy, :?>8( 3 H. ijcjnmùs)

(Ptrjmaot-tuskhn hehpojit)

Gjuij; Bhevínïrh :Cjthrmje4 cfejr grjachit

Nhs`rmptmfi jin rhcjrks@rhchrs (:=27) chitmfihn j cfejr fg £ jitmquus `fe-eh`thn jt toh bjsh fg toh arjvhe mi toh Cjjstrmòt-Bhevínïrh pmt. ^wf cfejr grjachits fg toms hehpojitjrh stfrhn mi toh Ijturje Omstfry Cushuc miCjjstrmòt. Qomò fg tohsh twf sph`mchis ms toh fihchitmfihn by @rhchrs ms uikifwi. Bfto ojvh jbfuttoh sjch òjrj`thrs (wmnto + ?< cc, ohmaot cfrhtoji :>< cc, ejcheejr grhquhi`y >.8-8, hijche tom`k-ihss º 0 cc.) ôh pejths jrh strfiaey bhit ji thrf-pfsthrmfrey, toh hijche strfiaey gfenhn jin toh hijche gmaurhs jrh efzhiah-sojphn. Mi tohsh òjrj`thrstohy `frrhspfin tf toh cfejr grjachits fg H. jitm quus Ytfc Rohihi (Wji Kfegsòfthi, :=?:). ôhy nmg-ghr grfc Ejth \ehmstf`hih cfejrs fg H. jitmquus bh-`jush fg tohmr efwhr ejcheejr grhquhi`y jin tohmr

tom`khr hijche.Cjccutous prmcmahimus (Beuc hibjò, :1==)

(Qffeey cjccfto)(Gma. :>)

Gjuij4 Bhevínïrh 2Cjthrmje4 mi`fcpehth efwhr cfejrs c2 nhxt. jin c2 smi.msfejthn pejth grjachits

(Gma. :>),

Chjsurhchits4c2 nhxt . c2 smi.

iucbhr fg pejths 7 7ehiato - 1= ccwmnto 78 cc 10 ccohmaot 11 cc ::< ccejcheejr grhq uhi `y 1.8 =.:hijche tom`ki hss 2.< :.8

7:



ic

8 `c

W ` Y . '

• g-

g ' ' *» '{ .

fg sph`mchis. ôhrhgfrh, toh cjthrmje ms nhs`rmbhn jsHquus sp.

J vhry rhcjre5jbeh sph`mchi ms ji mi`fcpehth chtj-`jrpus, brfkhi jt bfto hins. Bh`jush fg toh nmjchthrfg toh nmjpoysms (07.8 cc) mt ms tofuaot tojt mt rhprh-shits j chtj`jrpus fg j yfuia minmvmnuje. ôhrh ms jifvje sojphn ofeh (cmi. nmjchthr 7.8 cc, cjx. nmjchthr ?.< cc) fi toh pfsthrmfr smnh fg toh nmjpoysms jtjbfut ?< cc grfc toh prfxmcje hin fg toh bfih. ôhofeh ms smtujthn wohrh toh gfrjchi iutrm`muc sofuenbh prhshit. Mt ojs ji frmhitjtmfi tojt pfmits tf tohprfxmcje hin fg toh bfih.

J ejrah iucbhr fg gfssme rhcjmis fg ofrsh ms `feeh`-thn grfc toh nhpfsmts fg toh @jbhra thrrj`h cjiyyhjrs jaf. ôh emtofstrjtmarjpom` pfsmtmfi fg sfchsph`mchis ojs bhhi rh`frnhn, sofwmia tojt cjiy fgtohsh gfssmes cfst prfbjbey nhrmvhn grfc toh bjsh fgXimt 7. Cfst fg toh cjthrmje bhefias tf j ejrah `jbjeem-ih typh fg ofrsh. Mi :=20, j ihjrey `fcpehth tffto rfw(p0-c0 nhxt.) jin gmvh upphr mi`msfrs whrh gfuin mitoh pmt `jeehn 'toh Qjje'. ôhsh gfssmes bhefiahn tf jcuò scjeehr ofrsh. ôh (prh)cfejrs ojvh j sthifim-

ih typh fg cfrpofefay. ôh efia vhstmbuejr arffvh fgtoh cfejrs phihtrjths toh sf-`jeehn nfubehkift vhrynhhpey, ihjrey tfuòmia toh W-sojphn cjrami fg tohnfubeh-kift. ôhsh òjrj`thrs jin toh smzh minm`jthtojt cfst prfbjbey toms rhprhshits rhcjmis fg H. oy- nruitmius (W. Hmshicjii, phrs. `f cc ., :=?8). ôhsjch typh ms jesf kifwi grfc Rohihi (nhs`rmbhn jsHquus sph`. b. Wji Kfegsòfthi, :=?:) jin grfc tohIfrto Phj (Offmdhr, :=?> jin :=?8). ôh cjthrmje wmeebh nhs`rmbhn mi jiftohr jrtmèh (Wji Kfegsòfthi, miprhp.).

>.>.7.2. Romif`hrftmnjhôh thrcmifefay jin toh chjsurhchits jrh j``fr-

nmia tf Auírmi, :=?<.

Nm`hrfromius ohcmtfhòus (Gje`fihr,(Pthpph romif`hrfs)

(Gma. :7j-b)

:?7?)

Gjuij; Bhevínïrh >Ximt4 >Cjthrmje4 N\2 jin N\0 smi,, ? upphr (prh)cfejr grjaiihits

Chjsurhchits4N\2; ehiato jt toh bjsh fg toh `rfwi 0:.8 cc

wmnto jt toh bjsh fg toh `rfwi 01.0 ccN\0; ehiato jt toh bjsh fg toh `rfwi >:.8 cc

wmnto jt toh bjsh fg toh `rfwi ><.8 cc

Ximt4 8.2.Cjthrmje4 ouchrus

Gma. :8. Hquus sp.4 chtj`jrpus smi. (BQA ?0?), jithrmfr vmhw.

Nhs`rmptmfi jin rhcjrksôh twf cmek-cfejrs (Gma. :7j jin b), gfuin jt smth @(squjrh c.Oz-1), gmt tfahtohr vhry whee jin ojvh tohsjch stjth fg whjr. ôh hijche ms vhry tomi. ôh prf-gmehs fg toh h`tfefpos fg toh cmek-cfejrs jrh uinuejthnemkh tofsh fg N. ohcmtfhòus grfc Euihe-Wmhe (Auírmi,:=?<). ôh smzh fg toh cfejrs `frrhspfins tf toh cmek-cfejrs fg N. ohcmtfhòus.

Pfch fg toh grjachits ojvh tom`khr hijche. Mivmhw fg toms, jin bh`jush fg tohmr smzh mt ms tofuaottojt wh jrh nhjemia wmto grjachits fg upphr (prh)cf-

ejrs. ôh prfgmehs fg toh h`tfefpo grjachits sofw j

70



Gma :7 j-b' Nm`hrfromius ohcmtfhòus4 j4 f`èusjm vmhw fg N\2 smi.; b4 f`èusjm vmhw fg N\0 smi.; `4 @fhefnfitj jitmqumtjtms4 f`èusjm vmhwfg C0 nhxt. (BQA ?7:).

7>



Chjsurhchits4skuee; hstmcjthn ehiato fg toh skuee cfrh toji 7< `c.

cjxmcje nmjchthr fg toh burr :<0 cc.

\0 \> Ce C2 C0 %- •ehiato :=.8 :1.0 28.8 2?.0 . * » Ywmnto 2:.8 2?.8 2?.1 0<.0 º0>

Rhcjrks

ôh skuee wjs gfuin ihjr smth B mi j vhry grjachitjrystjth. ôh stjth fg wjjr fg toh nhitmtmfi sofws tojtwh jrh nhjemia wmto j skuee fg j rjtohr fen minmvmnuje(Gma. :1`). ôh jitehr wjs sohn. ôh cjxmcje nmjchthr fg toh burr suaahsts j ouah jitehr (Gma. :1n). ôhhstmcjthn ehiato fg toh skuee minm`jths j vhry ejrahamjit nhhr.

ôh tmbmj, gfuin jt smth @, ms bjney gfssmemzhn. etsehiato ms jbfut >: `c., toh cmimcje nmjchthr fg tohnmjpoysms jbfut 0 `c.

Rjiamghr tjrjinus (Emiijhus, :18?)(Rhminhhr)(Gma. :1h-g)

Gjuij; Bhevínïrh 8Cjthrmje4 (gfuin jt smth H) nhxt. jitehr grjachit, N\0 nhxt., grjac.chtj`jrpus, grjachit chtjtjrsus

Chjsurhchits4jitehr4 cjx. nmjchthr fg toh burr 02.2 cc

cmi. nmjchthr fg toh burr 27,2 ccnmstji`h bhtwhhi burr jin gmrst tmih 7?.< cc

N\0 ehiato :7.< cc, wmnto :2.< cc

Nhs`rmptmfi jin rhcjrksôh jitehr `fismsts fg j prfxmcje sohn grjachit (Gma.:=j). Mt ojs ji fvje sojphn `rfss-sh`tmfi, j scfftosurgj`h, jin j scjee nhvhefphn brfw tmih. Bh`jush fgmts smzh mt cfst prfbjbey rhprhshits ji jitehr fg jyfuia minmvmnuje. ôh N\0 (Gma. :=b) ms semaotey wfri.ets cfrpofefay fg toh N\0 `frrhspfins wmto j N\0 fgtoh emvmia R. tjrjinus mi cjiy òjrj`thrs, but nmgghrsby ojvmia j ehss nhvhefphn chtj`fih, ji X sojphntrhiò bhtwhhi pjrj`fih jin pjrjstyeh (misthjn fg jW sojphn trhiò) jin j ehss nhhp trhiò bhtwhhi chtj`fih jin chtjstyeh. ôh oypf`fih fg toh cmekcfejrgrfc toh Bhevínïrh ms tff scjee tf jssmai toh sph`mchi tf @. hejpous.

ôh twf bfihs jrh vhry grjachitjry. ôhmr cfrpofefay `frrhspfins tf toh emvmia rhminhhr.

Gma. :?. Bfsprmcmahimus/Bmsfi prmsùs4 Ce/2 nhxt. (BQA =8:); j4 f`èusjm vmhw; b4 bu``je vmhw.

71



Rutthi (:=<=) pej`hn toh ejth-aej`mje rhminhhr grfcôh Ihtohrejins jin Ifrtohri Hurfph mi j ihwsubsph`mhs R. tjrjinus nmeuvmm, òjrj`thrmzhn by j vhryscjee fr jbshit brfw tmih.

@rhchrs (:=21) nhs`rmbhn j skuem grjachit wmto pjrtfg ji jitehr grfc toh Bhevínïrh pmt. ôh sph`mchi ojsj scjee brfw tmih, smcmejr tf toh sph`mchi grfc Bhevínïrh 8 (Gma. :1h). Ofwhvhr, j``frndia tf Nhahrb<e

jin Krfa (:=8=) j scjee brfw tmih ms ift òjrj`thrmstm`fg toh Njimso pfpuejtmfi js stjthn by Rutthi (:=<=).ôhy sjy tojt toh brfw tmih ms scjee mi sfch Njimsojitehrs, but fgthi ms vhry ejrah jin pjecjthn. Pmi`h:=<= tohsh typhs ojvh jesf bhhi gfuin mi ôh Ihtohrejins.

@jprhfeus `jprhfeus Emiijhus, :18?(Rfh nhhr)

Gjuij; Bhevínïrh >Cjehrmje4 np2 nhxt., c:/c2 smi. (prfx. pjrt fg toh cfejr), grjachitfg j efwhr cfejr

Chjsurhchits4 np2 ehiatgm 1.< cc wmn tgm >.8 ccce/ c2 ehiatom „ wmnt gm ?.7 cc

Nhs`rmptmfi jin rhcjrksôh np2 ojs j whee nhvhefphn pjrjstyemn jin mt nmgghrsmi toms rhsph`t grfc toh np2 fg j rh`hit rfh nhhr mi toh`feeh`tmfi fg toh M.W.J.X. ets cfrpofefay rhshcbehstojt fg toh np2 fg j Ofef`hih rfhnhhr grfc toh phjtfg Burwhee Ghi (Hiaejin) gmaurhn by Rhyifens, :=0:.Bh`jush fg toms jin bh`jush fg mts smzh jee toh cjthrmjeemsthn jbfvh ojs bhhi nhthrcmihn js @jprhfeus `jprh feus.

ôh np2 cfejr ms vhry semaotey wfri, minm`jtmia tojttoh yfuia jimcje nmhn fr efst mts cmek cfejr sofrtey jg-thr Duih, toh phrmfn mi womò rfh nhhr usujeey jrh

bfri. ôh wfri c:/c2 grjachit gfuin jt smth B, bh-efiahn tf ji fenhr minmvmnuje.

@hrvmnjh minht(ejrah `hrvmn)

Gjuij; Bhevínïrh 8Cjthrmje4 emiauje pjrt fg ji upphr cfejr

Chjsurhchits4 ehiatgm := cc, ohmaot fg toh `rfwi 28 cc

Rhcjrksôh emiauje pjrt fg j efw-`rfwihn upphr cfejr minm`j-ths toh prhshi`h fg j ejrah nhhr wmto toh smzh fg j amjitnhhr m@hrvus (Chaj`hrfs) amajithus) mi toh gjuijBhevínïrh 8.

>.>.1.2. Bfvmnjh

Bfs prmcmahimus/Bmsfi prmsùs(Jurfòs/Bmsfi)

(Gma. :?)

Gjuij; Bhevínïrh 8Cjthrmje4 Ce/2 nhxt.Chjsurhchits4 ehiato 0:.? cc, wmnto 27.< cc, ohmaot >< cc.

Rhcjrksôh smzh fg toh omao `rfwihn cfejr `frrhspfins wmto

toh upphr cfejrs fg Bfs prmcmahimus jin Bmsfi prms

ùs. Mt ms cfst prfbjbeh tojt mt rhprhshits j cfejr fgBmsfi prmsùs bh`jush toh ojbmtjt fg Bmsfi prmsùs`frrhspfins bhtthr wmto toh hivmrfichitje minm`j-tmfis fg toh ftohr sph`mhs fg toh gjuij grfc Bhevínïrh8.

8. \JEJHFH@FEFA] JIN JAH FG ÔH

BHEWÍNÏRH GJXIJPMi toms òjpthr toh `fcpfsmtmfi, pjejhfh`fefay jinjah fg toh gjuijs Bhevínïrh :-> wmee gmrst bh nmsùsshntfahtohr. Bhevínïrh 8 ms trhjthn jt toh hin fg tohòjpthr. ôh ojbmtjt prhghrhi`hs fg toh emvmia sph`mhsrhghrrhn tf jrh j``frnmia tf Wji nhi Brmik (:=1?),Imhtojcchr jin Krjpp (:=1?) jin @frbht (:=1?).

8.:. @FC\FPM^MFI FG BHEWÍNÏRH :->

ôh tftje iucbhr fg sph`mchis jin toh cmimcuciucbhr fg minmvmnujes jrh amvhi bhomin toh sph`mhsijch. Rhejtmvh grhquhi`mhs fg toh sph`mhs jrh amvhi

gfr toh scjeehr cjccje jssf`mjtmfis fiey. ôms grh-quhi`y ms bjshn fi toh iucbhr fg nhitje hehchits.

Gjuij; Bhevínïrh :

Hehpojs jitmquus[Omppfpftjcus sp)

iucbhr fgsph`mchi:

cmi. I. fgminmv.:

ôh cfejr fg toh strjmaot-tusk hehpojit, Hehpojs jitm quus, wjs gfuin mi :=27 mi toh Bhevínïrh pmt jt tohbjsh fg Ximt 0 (@rhchrs, :=27). \rfbjbey grfc tohsjch strjtmarjpom`je ehvhe jrh toh rhcjmis fg Omppfpf tjcus sp. gfuin mi :?:7 mi toh @jbhra thrrj`h jt tohpej`h wohrh Gfrt Qmeehc M wjs bumet. ôhsh rhcjmis

jrh chitmfihn by Ojbhts (:??1) jin ojvh bhhi efstgfr cjiy yhjrs (Rutthi, :=<=).

Gjuij; Bhevínïrh 2

Cjccutous prmcmahimusHquus sp.@fhefnfitj jitmqumtjtms@hrvus hejpous

Gjuij; Bhevínïrh 0

Ehu`msùs `hptmjeus@ofinrfstfcj ijsus^jepj hurfpjhj

Pfrhx jrjihusIhfcys gfnmhisFòftfij pusmeejPphrcfpomeus `g. uinuejtus@rm`htus `rm`htus

prjhaej`mjems@ehtormfifcys aejrhfeusJrvm`fej `jitmjij/thrrhstrmsCm`rftus arhajemsCm`rftus jrvjems jin/frCm`rftus jarhstmsCm`rftus sp.Jpfnhcus syevjtmùsJpfnhcus

cjjstrmòtmhisms i. sp.

iucbhr fgsph`mchi

20::

cmi. I. fgminmv.

2:::

2.?7%

0,?: %2.?7%

<.=8%

:.=<%

0.>8%

0.>8%7.=<%0.>8%0.>8%

: <.=8%:: :<.>?%:2 ::.>0%: <.=8%

7>1:<

8.1: %>>.17%

=.82%

0.?:%

: 0.>8%0 :<.0>%0 :<.0>%: 0.>8%

8 :1.2>%7 2<.7=%

2 7.=<%

2 7.=<%

:<8 ==,==% 2= :<<.<:%

ôh gjuije emst fg Bhevínïrh 0 `fismsts fg scjeehr

7?



cjccje sph`mhs fiey. Xinhthrcmijbeh ejrahr cjccje gfssmes, `fismstmia ejrahey fg bfih grjachits,ojvh bhhi `feeh`thn grfc toh bjsh fg Ximt >. ôhrh msj ihjrey `fcpehth vhrthbrj smcmejr mi smzh tf tojt fg jrhn nhhr.

Gjuij; Bhevínïrh >

Ehu`msùs `hpojeus

@ofinrfstfcj ijsus

Hsfx eu`mus

Hcys frbmùejrms

iucbhr fg cmi. I.sph`m chi fg minmv.

Jijtmnjh minht. : :Hrmij`hus `g. njvmnm : <.:7 % : <.?>%^jepj hurfpjhj 87 1.==% 8 >.2<%Pfrhx jrjihus 12 ::.2=% = 1.87%Pfrhx cmiutus 20 0.7:% > 0.07%Ihfcys gfnmhis :? 2.?2% > 0.07%@rf`mnurj `g. ehu`fnfi : <.:7% : <.?>%Hemfcys quhr`mius : <.:7% : <.?>%@ehtoififcys aejrhfeus :22 :=.:2% :7 :0.>8%Ji/m`fej `jitmjij/thrrhsôs 2? >.0=% 8 >.2<%\mtycys `g . subthrrjihus : <.:7% : <.?>%Cm`rftus fh`fifcus 0 <.>1% 2 :.7?%Cm`rftus jarhstms :? 2.?2% ? 7.12%Cm`rftus jrvjems jin/frCm`rftus jarhstms 0? 8.=7 % 2: :1.78%\mtycys/Cm`rftus sp. :02 2<.=7% 22 :?.>=%Jpfnhcus syevjtmùs =0 :>.8?% = 1.87%Jpfnhcus

cjjstrmòtmhisms i. sp. 07 8.7> % :< ?.><%

70? :<<.<2% ::? ==.==%

Custhej `g . imvjems 2 :Hehpgmjitmnjh minht. : :Nm`hrfromius ohcmtfhòus :< :@hrvus hejpous 8 :@hi/us (Chaj`hrfs)

amajithus 2 :@jprhfeus `jprhfeus 0 :

8.2. ÔH \JEJHFHIWMRFICHI^JE JIN\JEJHF@EMCJ^FEFAM@JE MI^HR\RH^J^MFIFG BHEWÍNÏRH :->

Gjuij :ôh rh`frns fg Hehpojs jitmquus grfc ftohr smths miIfrtowhsthri Hurfph sofw tojt toms sph`mhs wjs js-sf`mjthn wmto thcphrjth gfrhsts. Omppfpftjcus prf-bjbey prhghrrhn j subtrfpm`je-thcphrjth èmcjth jinji jrhj wmto rmvhrs jin ejkhs bfrnhrhn by arjssejin.

Gjuij 2Cjccutous prmcmahimus jin @fhefnfitj jitmqumtjtms

jrh kifwi tf prhghr j `fen èmcjth jin fphi jrhjs(tuinrj jin sthpph). Hquus jesf prhghrs fphi jrhjsbut j wjrchr èmcjth. Ifwjnjys @hrvus hejpous emvhsmi wffns fg toh thcphrjth zfih jetofuao tohrh jrhpfpuejtmfis mi P`ftejin womò jrh jnjpthn tf emvh mifphi jrhjs fi toh omaoejins (Wji nhi Brmik, :=1?). Mitoh emaot fg mts prhshit nmstrmbutmfi toh `f-f`ùrrhi`hmi Bhevínïrh 2 fg @hrvus hejpous jin Cjccutousprmcmahimus, @fhefnfitj jitmqumtjtms jin Hquus ms rh-cjrkjbeh. @. hejpous ms, ofwhvhr, fgthi gfuin mi js-sf`mjtmfi wmto tohsh sph`mhs gfr hxjcpeh mi toh gjuijBhevínïrh 8 jin toh gjuij grfc Jrmhinfrg (ûrihr miBfsmiskm ht je., :=?0). ôh `fen stjah f`ùrrhi`hs fg@. hejpous mi trhhehss sthpph tuinrj vhahtjtmfije `fi-

nmtmfis cjy bh minm`jtmvh fg toh jbshi`h fg ohjvysifwgjees (Ptujrt, :=?2).

Gjuij 0ôh sph`mhs fg gjuij 0 minm`jth vjrmfus ojbmtjts. ôhgmso jin toh wjthr sorhw Ihfcys gfnmhis jrh tmhn tfwjthr. Mg Jrvm`fej `jitmjij/thrrhstrms prhghrrhn tohsjch ojbmtjt js toh emvmia wjthr vfeh J. thrrhstrms,womò ms cfst emkhey, mt ms jesf jssf`mjthn wmto wjthr.

J sthpph-hivmrfichit ms minm`jthn by toh sthpph pmkjFòftfij pusmeej, toh arfuin squmrrhe Pphrcfpomeus`g. uinuejtus, toh ojcsthr @rm htus `rm`htus prjhaej- `mjems jin toh ijrrfw skueehn vfeh Cm`rftus arhajems.C. arhajems f`ùrs bfto mi wffnhn sthpph jin mi jtuinrj hivmrfichit. Cm`rftus jrvjems jin C. jarhstmsjrh wmnhey nmstrmbuthn mi Hurfph. ôh ojbmtjt fg C. jr vjems ms fphi `fuitry suò js pjsturhejin. C. jarhstmsprhghrs cfmst jrhjs suò js omao rfuao pjsturhs jinphjt-cffrs, jin emvhs jesf mi toh thcphrjth gfrhstsjin tjmaj fg Hurfph. ôh bjik vfeh @ehtoififcysaejrhfeus ms minm`jtm vh fg toh prhshi`h fg wffns gfr mtcjmiey miojbmts nh`mnufus wffns. ôh wffn cfushJpfnhcus syevjtmùs ms ift rhstrm`thn fiey tf nh`mnu

fus wffnejin. Mt cjmiey miojbmts fphi `fuitry jingoiahs fg wffns. ôh cfeh ^jepj hurfpjhj jin toh`fccfi sorhw Pfrhx jrjihus ojvh j wmnh rjiah fgojbmtjts.

ôh prhshi`h fg Cm`rftus jin Jpfnhcus, jin tohjbshi`h fg ehccmias ehjn us tf toh `fièusmfi tojttoh èmcjth jt toh tmch wjs thcphrjth. ôh prhshi`hfg sthpph-hehchits shhcs tf minm`jth rjtohr nry `fi-nmtmfis jwjy grfc toh rmvhr mi womò toh shnmchitswhrh nhpfsmthn. Jefia mts bjiks toh gfrhst cjy ojvharfwi, toh prhshi`h fg womò ms minm`jthn by toh`fcbmijtmfi fg @ehtoififcys aejrhfeus jin Jpfnh cus syevjtmùs.

Gjuij >ôh gjuijs Bhevínïrh 0 jin > jrh nmgghrhit mi j iucbhr fg jsph`ts. ôh cfst `fispmùfus nmgghrhi`h mstoh jbshi`h fg toh sthpph-hehchits mi Bhevínïrh >.Misthjn, tohrh ms j arhjthr iucbhr fg sph`mhs womò minm`jth j cfrh oucmn hivmrfichit.

ôh Hurfphji pfin tfrtfmsh Hcys frbmùejrms miojbmts pfins, ejkhs jin rmvhrs wmto stmee fr sefw gefwmiawjthr. ôh prhshi`h fg toms sph`mhs ms minm`jtmvh gfr jrjtohr wjrc èmcjth. J chji Duey thcphrjturh hx-`hhnmia :1-:? @¼ `fcbmihn wmto j `fismnhrjbehjcfuit fg suisomih wmto ghw njcp, èfuny fr rjmiynjys shhc tf bh ih`hssjry gfr toh haas tf ojtò

(Ptujrt, :=?2). ôh ifrtohri emcmt fg mts brhhnmiarjiah mi Ifrtowhsthri Hurfph ms smtujthn sfuto fg tohIhtohrejins. Cfrh hjstwjrns mi @hitrje Hurfph mtrhjòhs j omaohr ejtmtunh (Ptujrt, :=?2). F``jsmfijeeytoh Hurfphji pfin tfrtfmsh f`ùrs mi ôh Ihtohrejins jin mt ms vhry uimmkhey tojt toms fiey rhprhshitsjimcjes mitrfnu`hn by cji.

ôh prhshi`h fg toh Hurfphji pfin tfrtfmsh amvhshvmnhi`h tojt toh chji succhr thcphrjturh nurmianhpfsmtmfi fg Ximt >b wjs jbfut toh sjch fr, cfrhemkhey, hx`hhnhn tojt fg toh prhshit njy.

Ohnahofas, emkh Hrmij`hus hurfpjhus emvh mi nryjrhjs fg toh nh`mnufus jin chnmthrrjihji wffnejinzfihs jin miojbmt gfr mistji`h grmiahs fg wffns dust



: ::< 2> :2 :> :: :

Cjccutous prmcmahimusHquus sp.@fhefnfitj jitmqumtjtms@hrvus hejpousRjiamghr tjrjinus@hrvmnjh Minht. (ejrah nhhr)Bfs prmcmahimus/Bmsfi

prmsùs

ôh cjccje gfssmes grfc Pmth H nf ift sofw jiy minm-`jtmfi fg bhmia trjispfrthn fvhr j ejrah nmstji`h. ôhrhcjmis fg toh jr`tm` ehccmia jrh mi sfch `jshs rj-tohr `fcpehth. ôhrhgfrh, toh gjuij-jssf`mjtmfi `jibh rhajrnhn jin trhjthn js rhprhshitmia j smiaeh gjuij.

8.?. \JEJHF-HIWMRFICHI^JE JIN \JEJHF-@EMCJ^FEFAM@JE MI^HR\RH^J^MFIP FG ÔHBHEWÍNÏRH 8 GJXIJ-JPPF@MJ^MFI

ôh jr`tm` ehccmia (Nm`rfstfiyx tfrqujtus), toh cfstjbuinjit sph`mhs mi toms gjuij ms rhstrm`thn tf toh \j-ejhjr`tm` tuinrj. Mt ms prhnjthn by tuinrj bmrns fg prhyemkh toh sifwy fwe {Iy`thj s`jinmj`j). ^jepj hurf-

pjhj emvhs mi j wmnh rjiah fg ojbmtjts. Fphi arjssejinfr sthpph hivmrfichit ms minm`jthn by toh arfuinsqumrrhe Pphrcfpomeus `g . uinuejtus. ôh arhyojcsthr (@rm`htueus cmarjtfrmus) ms ifw ji hehchit fgtoh sthpph gjuij. ôh wjthr vfeh, Jrvm`fej thrrhstrms,ms wmnhey nmstrmbuthn mi Hurfph jin Jsmj. Mt ms èfsheyjssf`mjthn wmto wjthr. Cm`rftus arhajems, toh ijrrfw-skueehn vfeh, f`ùrs bfto mi j tuinrj hivmrfichit jinmi toh wffnhn sthpphs. C. fh`fifcus ojs j wmnhnmstrmbutmfi jin f`ùrs gfr mistji`h mi j tuinrj hivmrfichit tf toh wffnhn pjrts fg toh sthpph zfih.

Cjccutous prmcmahimus jin @fhefnfitj jitmqum tjtms jrh kifwi tf prhghr j `fen èmcjth jin fphi

jrhjs (tuinrj jin sthpph). Hquus prhghrs j sthpphbmftfph. @hrvus hejpous, toh rhn-nhhr, prhshitey nmstrmbuthn torfuao cfst fg toh nh`mnufus jin Chnmthr-rjihji wffnejins ms omaoey jnjptjbeh js bhhi nmsùs-shn bhgfrh. ôh rhminhhr, Rjiamghr tjrjinus ms `fc-cfi torfuaofut toh tuinrjs jin tjmaj fg Hurjsmj jinIfrto Jchrm`j. ôh ejrah bfvmns Bmsfi prmsùs jinBfs prmcmahimus prfbjbey nmn ift emvh mi toh sjch ojbmtjt. Bmsfi prmsùs womò ms fgthi gfuin mi jssf`mj-tmfi wmto Cjccutous prmcmahimus jin @fhefnfitjjitmqumtjtms, sofuen ojvh prhghrrhn ji fphi hivmrfi chit womeh Bfs prmcmahimus prfbjbey gjvfurhn cfrhgfrhsthn ojbmtjts.

ôh ojbmtjts fg toh prhshit sph`mhs jin toh `fcpf-

smtmfi fg toh gjuij minm`jth j tuinrj/sthpph hivmrfichit jin j `fen jin rjtohr nry èmcjth nurmia toh ph-rmfn mi womò toh gjuij emvhn. ôh prhshi`h fg @hrvushejpous `fuen minm`jth toh jbshi`h fg ohjvy sifw-gjees (Ptujrt, :=?2).

8.=. ÔH MIGEXHI@H FG OXCJI J@^MWM^] FIÔH @FC\FPM^MFI FG ÔH GJXIJ GRFC PM^H H

ôh prhshi`h fg cji jt smth H ms minm`jthn by toh gemitjrtmgj`ts (shh Rfhbrfhks, :=?8). Hx`hpt gfr toh fvjesojphn ofeh mi toh chtj`jrpje bfih fg j ofrsh womòcmaot bh cji-cjnh, if èhjr bfih jrtmgj`ts ifr èhjrtrj`hs fi toh bfih grjachits, minm`jtmia oucji j`tm-

vmty, ojvh bhhi rh`faimzhn.

Ji minm`jtmfi gfr oucji mivfevhchit grfc toh`fcpfsmtmfi fg toh jsshcbejah grfc smth H ms toh omaogrhquhi`y fg yfuia minmvmnujes jcfia toh ejrahrcjccjes. ôh cfejr grjachit fg toh cjccuto bh-efiahn tf j yfuia minmvmnuje, dust js toh cmekcfejrs fgjt ehjst twf ofrshs jin toh cmekcfejr fg j rhminhhr.Bfto C0 cfejrs fg toh wffeey romif jrh uiwfri,gfuin èfshey tf hjò ftohr, tfahtohr wmto cjiy bfihgrjachits fg j skuee womò cmaot ojvh bhhi scjsohn

by cji bhgfrh gfssmemzjtmfi. ôh cfejr fg toh ejrah bf-vmn jesf bhefiahn tf j rjtohr yfuia minmvmnuje. Iftfih fg toh nhthrcmijbeh ejrahr cjccje rhcjmis bhefiahn tf guee-arfwi jin/fr fen minmvmnujes.

ôh grhquhi`y fg yfuia minmvmnujes fvhr toh emcmthnjrhj sjcpehn jt Pmth H (>< squjrh chthrs), wmtomi tohscjee iucbhr fg sph`mchis fg ejrahr cjccjes ms mi-thrprhthn js nuh tf oucji mithrghrhi`h wmto toh `fi-`hitrjtmfi fg tohsh gfssmes. ôhrh jrh if èhjr minm`j-tmfis gfr toh phrmfn fg yhjr cji vmsmthn toh smth. J rh-ejtmfi bhtwhhi oucji j`tmvmty jin toh prhshi`h fgtoh scjeehr cjccje rhcjmis ms ift jssuchn. ôhsh`fi`hitrjtmfis jrh rjtohr nuh tf j`tmvmtmhs fg bmrns fg

prhy emkh toh sifwy fwe womò ms rhprhshithn mi tohgjuij-jssf`mjtmfi.

8.:<. ÔH P^RJ^MARJ\OM@JE \FPM^MFI FG ÔHGJXIJ-JPPF@MJ^MFI BHEWÍNÏRH 8

ôh gjuij Bhevínïrh 8 ms nhrmvhn grfc toh bjsh fgXimt 7.2 womò ms smtujthn jbfvh Pfme MMM, `frrhejthnwmto toh Hhcmji Pfe nh Rf`furt (shh Wjinhibhraohht je., :=?8). ôhrhgfrh, mt jppemhs tojt Bhevínïrh 8 ojsj Qhmòshemji jah.

ôh cjccuto-wffeey romif-rhminhhr jssf`mjtmfif`ùrs mi cjiy Qhmòshemji gjuijs jin `frrhspfinstf toh ahfefam`je jah minm`jtmfis. ôh rhminhhr ms ui-

kifwi grfc Pjjemji nhpfsmts mi toh Ihtohrejins,suò js toh uinhreymia arjvhes (uimt 0) grfc toh Bhevínïrh ef`jemty jin m`h-pusohn nhpfsmts mi toh `hitrjejin ifrtohri pjrt fg ôh Ihtohrejins. J prh-Qhmòshemji f`ùrrhi`h mi Hiaejin ms jesf vhry ui`hr-tjmi (Ptujrt, :=?2).

ôh jbuinjit gfssmes fg toh jr`tm` ehccmia, Nm `rfstfiyx tfrqujtus amvh minm`jtmfis gfr j prh-CmnnMhQhmòshemji jah fg toh gjuij (shh toh rhcjrks jt tohnhs`rmptmfi fg N. tfrqujtus). ôh prhshi`h fg J. thr rhstrms mi m`h-pusohn nhpfsmts jt Rohihi minm`jths tojttoms sph`mhs jerhjny f`ùrs bhgfrh toh hin fg toh Pjjemji (Wji Kfegsòfthi, :=?:). J. thrrhstrms sofws j ah-ihrje trhin tfwjrns ejrahr smzh nurmia toh Qhmòshemjiphrmfn but tohrh ms if uimgfrc prfarhssmfi (Ptujrt,:=?2). Nhspmth tojt jin nhspmth toh scjee iucbhr fgsph`mchis, toh scjee ehiato fg toh ce cfejr grfc tohsmth H jsshcbejah cjy bh ushn js ji minm`jtmfi gfr jihjrey Qhmòshemji jah fg toh gjuij.

Jesf toh ofrsh rhcjmis, jetofuao ift nhthrcmihn tfsph`mgm` ehvhe minm`jth j typh fg ofrsh womò ms èfshrrhejthn tf toh typh gfuin jt @ojtmeefi Pt Dhji(Pjjemji6) toji tf toh ofrsh grfc Pfeutrí (ejth CmnnmhQhmòshemji).

ôh prhshi`h fg toh rhminhhr, Rjiamghr tjrjinus,womò ms vhry jbuinjit mi Qhmòshemji nhpfsmts mi tohcmnnmh fg ôh Ihtohrejins, suaahsts tojt toh gjuij

grfc Ximt 7.2 ms j Qhmòshemji fih.

12



RHGHRHI@HP

JAJNDJIMJI, J . , :=174 Nmh Hitwm`keuia nhr Eh ccmiah nhr zhitrj-ehi uin ÷stemòhi \jejjrktms mc \ehmstfzji. „ Cmtt. Bjyhr Ptjjts-sjcce. \jePfit. omst. Ahfe., :7, 80-7>.

JAJNDJIMJI, J . K. & Q. v. KFHIMAPQJEN, :=114 Chrkcjesvhr-

sòmhbuiahi ji nhi fbhrhi Cfejrhi vfi Nm`rfstfiyx (Rfnhitmj,Cjccjemj) mc Duiaqujrtjr. - I. Db . Ahfe. \jejfit., J bo .,Ptuttajrt :80, :, 00->=.

BHNHI, C . & @. AXÏRMI, :=184 Ehs \rfbfs`mnmhis (Cjccjemj) nuAmshchit \ehmstf`ïih Cfyhi nhs Jbmchs nh ej Gjah j Ifjmeehs(@frrïzh). - Ifuv. Jr ò. Cus . Omst. ijt. Eyfi, gjsh. :0, 7=-?1.

BMPOF\, C. D . , :=?24 ôh Cjccje Gjuij fg toh hjrey cmnnmh\ehmstf`ïih @jvhri migmee smth fg Qhstbury-sub-Chin Mp, Pfchr-sht. - Pph`mje \jphrs mi \jejhfitfefay 2?, >78->1=.

BFP@OHMIHI, D . , A. BFPMIPKM, K. BRXIIJ@KHR, X . KF@O, ^ . WJI

KFEGP@OF^HI, H. ^XRIHR, B. XRBJI, :=?>4 Hmi jetpjmjfemtomsòhr

Guinpejtz bhm Cmhshioh mc, Krhms C jyhi-K fbehiz/I huwmhnh rBh`khi. - Jrò. Kfr, be . :>, :-:7.

BFPMIPKM, A , K. BRXIIJ@KHR & H. ^XRIHR, :=?04 Hmi Pmhneuiasbh-

guin nhs grõohi Cmtthepjejfemtomk ucs vfi J ihin frg, Kr. Ihu-wmhn, - Jrò. Kfrr. be., :0, :81-:7=.

BRMIK, G. O. WJI NHI, :=1?4 Tffanmhramns. - Heshvmhr, Jcsth rnjc/Brusshe.

@OJEMIH, D . , :=124 Ehs Rfiahurs nu \ehmstf`ïih cfyhi ht supírmhur nh Grji`h (Pystícjtmquh, bmfstrjtmarjpomh, pjeífèmcjtfef-amh). - @jomhrs nh \jehfitfef amh, Hn. @.I .R.P ., \jrms, >:< pp.

@OJEMIH, D., :=184 Ehs Rfiahurs, e'Jah ht ej @orfifefamh èmcjtm-quh nu rhcpemssjah nh e'Jvhi M nh ej Gjah (@frrïzh). „ Ifuv.Jrò. Cus. Omst. ijt. Eyfi , gjsh. :0, ::0-::1.

@OJEMIH, D . , :=1?4 Ehs Rfiahurs nh Bmjòh-Pjmit-Wjjst (\js-nh-@jejms) ht ehurs mcpem`jtmfis strjtmarjpomquhs ht èmcjtmquhs. -Bume. Jss, Gr. Ht. Zuj t., :8, >>->7.

@OJEMIH, D . , O. BJXNWMI, N . DJCCF^, & C. @. PJMI^ AMRFIP, :=1>4

Ehs \rfms nh Rjpj`hs. - NFM I, \jrms, :>: pp.

@fRBH , A. B., :=1?4 ôh Cjccjes fg toh \jejhjr`tm` Rhaefi 4 jtjxfifcmh rhvmhw, „ Efinfi jin Mtoj`j4 Brmtmso Cushuc (Ijtu-rje Omstfry), @frihee Ximvhrsmty \rhss.

@RHCHRP, D., :=284 Bhevínïrh (nh chhst mithrhssjith pehk vji Ihnhrejin). - Ijtuuromst, Cjjinbe. :>, :8<-:80.

@RHCHRP, D . , :=274 Whrseja cjjinhemdksòh vhrajnhrmia vjiwfhisnja 8 chm :=27. - Ijtuuromst. Cjjinb e. :8 (8), >=-8:.

@RHCHRP, D., :=214 @hrvus rjrjinus nmeuvmm Rugthi, (Rhinmhr) (Nhrnh vfinst mi Emcbura) „ Ijtuuromst. Cjjinbe, :7, 87-8?.

NJJCP, R., :=?:4 oh nhitje pjtthr i fg toh nfrcm`h Nryfcys, Cy-

fcmcus, Cm`rfnyrfcys jin \honyrfcys. „ Xtrhòt Cm`rfpje,Bume, Pph`, \ube. 0, :-::8.

NHAHRBpE, C. Ht O. KRFA, :=8=4 ôh Rhminhhr (Rjiamghr tjrjinusE.) mi Nhicjrk. - Bmfe. Pkr. Nji. Wmn. Phmsk. :<, if, > , :-:78,

HMPHICJII, W. , :=1=j4 Ehs cítjp fnhs n'H quus shisu ejtf ( Cjc cjemj, \hissfnjhtyej). - Aífbm fs, :2, ?70-??7.

HMPHICJII, W. , :=1=b4 Ehs @ohvjux mHquus shisu ejtf) gfssmehs htj`tuhes4 ítunh hrjimfefamquh ht fnfit fefamq uh. „ ôhsh Nfhtf-rjt n'Htjt P`m. ijt., Ximv. \. ht C. @urmh (\jrms WM)4 :->>>.

H]AHIRJJC, D , J . & D. \MH^HRP, :=7>4 Ofh fun ms njt ohrt6 „M .^.B.F.I. Jriohc, wmenprfbehchi ir. 2, >> pp.

GJOEBXP@O, W., :=174 @re`htus cjdfr UIfUðunrU (Cjccjemj, Rfnhitmj) jus nhr cmtthepehmstfzjihi Ppjethigõeeuia \hthrsbuò M. „Cmtt, Bjyhr. Ptjjtssjcce. \jejfit. omst. Ahfe., :7, 1:-?:, Cõi-òhi.

AuÏRmI, @ , :=1<4 Eh Romif`ír fs nu Amshc hit \ehmstf`ïih nh Wmeeh-rhvhrsurh (Jmi). „ Nfhuc . Ejb. Aífe. Gj`. P`m. Ey fi, if. 01,

21-80.AuÄRmI, @ , :=104 Ehs trfms hspïhhs nh romif`írfs (Cjccjemj, \h-

rmssfnjhtyej) nu amshchit pehmstf`ïih cfyhi nhs Jbmch s nh EjGjah ï Ifjmeehs (@frrïzh). „ Ifuv. Jrò. Cus. Omst. ijt. Eyfi,gjsh. ::, 88-?>.

AXÏRMI, @ , :=?<4 Ehs Romif` hrftmn jh (Cj ccj emj, \hrmssfnj`tyej)nh Cmf`ïih supírmhur ju \ehmstf`ïih thrcmije hi Hurfph f``mnhitjeh. @fcpjrmsfi jvh` ehs hspïhhs j`tuheehs. „ ôhsh Nf`-tfrjt n'Htjt nh P`mhi`hs Ximv. Eyfi M, Nfh. Ejb. Aífe. Eyfi, if,1=, 0 gjsh,, ::?8 pp.

OJBH^P, D., :??14 Funohnhi ahvfinhi bmd oht bfuwhi vji oht gfrtQmeehc th Cjjstrmòt, - Nh Cjjsafuw =, :2?.

OHMC, D ., D. \. EJX^RMNFX, D , CJX@F\P, D , D , \XMPPÏAXR, D . PFCCÏ& J, ÔÏWHIMI, :=?24 Jòhiohmc4 Xij síquhi`h-typh nhs efhssnu \ehmstf`ïih Cfyhi ht Pupírmhur. - Bume. Jss. Gr. Ht. Fujt.,2-0, :>1-:8=.

OHMC NH BJEPJ@, O., :=><4 Xi Pfrm`mní ifuvhju nu \ehmstf`ïih;

`fismnírjtmfis pjeíf-bmfaífarjpomquhs. - J`jn. P`m. [\jrmsS

@fcpths Rhinus, v. 2::, ?<?-?:<.OHMIRM@O, Q . N. , :=?<j4 Bmfstrjtmar jpoms` oh jsp hkth hmihr ihu hi

Kehmisjuahrgjuij jus nhc uithrhi ^rjvhrtmi vfi Qhmcjr-Hoiiasnfrg. - T. ahfe. Qmss., Bhremi, ?, 1, =20-=21,

OHMIRM@O, Q , N., :=?<b4 Kehmisjuahrguinh jus nhc ^rjvh rtmikfc-pehx vfi Bmezmiasehbhi. - HJT Htoifar .-Jrò jfe. T. 2: , 07->:.

OHMIRM@O, Q . N., :=?:j4 Tur strjtmarjpomshohi Ptheeuia nhr Qmrbhe-tmhrgjuihi jus nhi ^rjvhrtmiguinstjtthi vfi Qhmcjr-Hormiasnfrg uin ^jubjho mi ôõrmiahi. „ T, ahfe. Qmss., Bhremi,=, =, :<0:-:<88.

OHMIRM@O, Q . N., :=?:b4 Pysthcjtmsòh Tusjcchistheeuia nhr mi

nhi toõrmiamsòhi Mithraejzmjetrjvhrtmihi vfi Buratfiij, ^jubjho uin Qhmcjr-Hormia snfrg ijòahwmhshihi Kehmisjuahrjr-thi. - Fujrtjrpjejfit., >, :21-:0<.

OHMIRM@O, Q . N,, :=?:h4 Gfssmeh Kehmisjuahrrhsth jus nhc u ithrhi^rjvhrtmi vfi Qhmcjr-Hormiasnfrg (ôõrmiahi, NNR) (WfrejugmahCmtthm euia). - Zujrtjrpjejfitfe., >, :0:-:>0.

OHMIRM@O, Q . N., :=?24 Tur Hvfeutmfi uin Bmfstrjtmarjpomh vfi/> /--vm`fej (Rfnhitmj, Cjccjemj) mc \ehmstfzji Hurfpjs. „ T. ahfe.Qmss. Bhremi, :<, 7, 7?0-108.

OHMI^T, H., :=1<4 Ehs hhrvmnís vmeejgrjihomhis nh Grji`h ht n'Hspja-ih. - Cíc . Cus. ijtmf i. Omst. Ijt., \jrms, (I.P .), (F, 02,:-0<0.

OffmDHR, N. J. , :=8=4 rfafitohrmuc ùvmhrm Gmsòhr grfc toh

Ihhnh hejy (Cminhe-Rmss mithraej`mje) fg ôh Ihtohrejins. „Tffe, Chnhn., ___WM, :?, 218-2?<,

OffmDHR, N. J., :=?>4 J \ehmstf`ïih jss Hquus jsmius E. subsp.grfc toh Ifrto Phj. - Eutr j, 21, :=0-2<2.

OffmDHR, N. J., :=?84 J gurtohr ifth fi toh gfssme Jiaef-Nutò jssgrfc toh Ifrto Phj. - Eutrj, vfe . 2?, 27-0<.

OuAXHIH], C. , :=184 Ehs Custhemnís ( Cjc cjemj , @jrimvfrj) nu amshchit pehmstf`ïih cfyhi nh Ej Gjah (@frrïzh), „ Ifuv, Jrò,Cus. Omst. ijt. Eyf i, :0, 2=->7.

DJCCF^, N. , :=104 Ehs Mish`tmvfrhs [Cjccjemj) nu amshchit\ehmstf`ïih Cfyhi nhs Jbmchs nh Ej Gjah j Ifjmeehs (@frrïzh).- Ifuv. Jrho. Cus. Omst. ijt. Eyfi, gjsh. ::, >:-8:.

DJIFPP], N., :=8>4 Gfssmeh Cmhrftmihi jus nhc Kjrpjthibh`khi. M.Ehccmiah. „ Jii . omst. ijt. Cus. Ijtmfi. Ouia., I.P., 8,0=->?.

DJIFPP], N. , :=174 Nmh Rhvmsmfi duiacmtthepehmstfzjihr Whrthbrj-thigjuihi mi Xiajri. - Grjac. Cmi. \je. 1, 2=-8>.

KFHIMIAPQJEN, Q . WFI, :=1<4 Cmtthepehmstfzjih Kehmisjuahr jusnhr Ppjethig(deeuia \hthrsbuò bhm Hmòstjtt. „ Cmt t. Bjyhr.Ptjjtssjcce. \jejfit. omst. ahfe., :<, ><1->02.

KFHIMIAPQJEN, Q . WFI, :=124 Punchr-Bhra-2, hmih Gjuij nhs grõ

ohi Cmtthepehmstfzjis jus nhc Ojrz. „ I. Db. Ahfe. \jejfit.Jbo. :>:, :=>-22:.

KFHIMIAPQJEN, Q . WFI, :=104 Whrjinhruiahi mi nhr Kehmisjuahrgjuij vfi Cmtthehurfpj zwmsòhi @rfchr uin Hhc (\ehmstfzji).- Hmszhmtjethr uin Ahahiwjrt 20/2> , :8=-:71.

KFEGP@OF^HI, ^ . WJI, :=?:4 Fi toh Ofesthmimji6 jin Pjjemji cjccje gjuij grfc toh m`h-pusohn rmnah ihjr Rohihi (ôh Ihtohrejins). „ Chnhn hemiah i Rmdks Ahfefamsòh Nmhist I.P. 08,220-28:.

KRH^TFM, C . , :=814 Qmrb hetmhrgjuimstmsòh Jiajbhi zur Fujrtjr-horfifefamh nhr Djikfvmò-O÷oeh. - Gfe. Jrò hfe. =, :>-2:.

CJAEMF, W. D., :=104 Frmami jin hvfeutmfi fg toh Hehpojitmnjh. „^rjisj`tmfis fg toh Jchrm`ji \omefsfpomhje Pf`mhty, I.P, 70( 0),:-:>=.

CJ]OHQ, N. G., :=184 ôh Zujthrijry Omstfry fg sfch Brmtmso Rf-

nhitsjin Ejafcfrpos. - \o. N. ôhsms. Ximvhrsmty fg @jcbrmn-ah.

CJ]OHQ, N . G., :=1?4 Ejth \ehmstf`ïih scjee cjccjes grfc Jrims-sj (Cj`hnfimj, Arhhhh). - \rfh. Kfi. Ihn. Jkjn . Qht his ò.,\ rf` , Phr. B., ?: (0), 0<2-02:.

CHMDHR, ^., :=?84 ôh prh-Qhmòshemji ificjrmih cfeeus`ji gjuijgrfc Cjjstrmhot-Bhevínïrh (Pfutohri Emcbura, ôh Ihtohrejins). - Chn hn. RmSks Ahfe. Nmhist, 0=, :, 18-:<>.

CHXEHI, J . D . WJI NHR, :=104 Cmnnmh \ehmstf`ïih Pcjeehr Cjccjesgrfc toh Cfith \haemj (Frvmhtf, Mtjey) wmto Pph`mje Rhghrhi`h tftoh \oyefahiy fg C`r jru s (Jrvm`femnjh, Rfnhitmj). - Zujthrij-rmj, _WMM, Rfcj, :-:>>.

CHXEHI, J . D . WJI NHR & Q . O . TJAQMDI, :=1>4 Cm`rftus (Jeefpojm- fcysd p/mf`jhimùs grf c toh Efwhr \ehmstf`ïih ihjr Brmheeh, ôhIhtohrejins. - P`rmptj Ahfe., 2: , :-:2.

IJNJ@OFQPKM, J . , :=?24 Ejth Zujthrijry Rfnhits fg \fejin wmtosph`mje rhghrhihhs tf cfrpoftyph nhitmtmfi jijeysms fg vfehs. „\QI, Qjrszjwj-Krjkðw, :<? pp.

ImHÔJCCHR, D . & G. KRJ\\, :=1?4 Ojinbuò nhr PPuahthmrh Hurfpjs, Bjin :. - Jkjnhcmsòh Whrejasahshesòjgt, Qmhsbj nhi.

10



\JPZXMHR, E. , :=1>4 Nyijcmquh ívfeutmvh n 'ui sfusahrih nh Curm-

njh, Jpfnhcus (Pyevjhcus). Htunh bmfcítrmquh nhs `jrj`tïrhsnhitjmrhs nh pfpuejtmfis tfsseehs ht j`tuheehs n'Hurfph f``mnhitjeh. „ ôhsh nh 0h `yèh, Ximv. nh Cfitpheeehr MM.

RHXCHR, D . Q . G., :=?>4 Rus`mimji jin Hjrey \ehmstf`hih Pfrm`mnjh(Mish`tmvfrj, Cjccjemj) grfc ^hahehi (ôh Ihtohrejins) jinOuiajry. - P`rmptj Ahfefam`j, Ehmnhi, vfe. 10, :-:10.

RH]IFENP, P. O., :=0:4 J Cfifarjpo fi toh Brmtmso \ehmstf`hihCjccjemj.; ôh Rhn Nhhr, Rhminhhr jin Rfh. „ \jejhfitf-arjpo. Pf`. ?8, if. 0??. >7 pp.

RfHBRFHKP, Q ., :=?84 Jròjhfefam`je rhshjrò jt toh Cjjstrmòt-

Bhevínïrh pmt; j rhvmhw. - Chn hn. Rmdks Ahfe. Nmhist, 0=, :,:<=-::?.

RX^^HI, E. C . R., :=<=4 Nmh nmeuvmjehi Pju ahtmhrh nhr I mhnhrej inh. „ Nmss. Xt rhò t.

RTHBMK, B. , :=7?4 @rf`mnurj Qjaehr jin ftohr Mish`tmvfrj (Cjccjemj) grfc toh Zujthrijry nhpfsmts fg ^frihwtfi Ajvh mi Hia-ejin. - J`tj zffe. `rj`fv, :0, 28:-270.

PÒJXB, P., :=0<4 Zujrtjrh uin euiathrtmjrh Ojcsthr. „ Jbojin e.n. sòwhmz. \jejfit. Ahs., >= (7), :->=.

P^FR@O, A., D . E. GRJITHI & G. CJEH@, :=104 Nmh jetpehmstfzjih

Pjuahrgjuij (Cjccjemj) vfi Ofohisõezhi bhm Qfrcs. „Phi`khibhramjij Ehtojhj 8> (2/>), 0::-0>0.

P^XJR^, J . D . , :=1=4 \ehmstf`hih f` ùrrh i`hs fg toh Hurfphjipfin ^frtfmsh {Hcys frbmùejrms E.) mi Brmtjmi. „ Bfrhjs, ?,

08=-01:.P^XJR^, J . D . , :=?24 \ehmstf`hih Whrthbrjth s mi toh Brmtmso Msehs. -

Efiacji, Efinfi/Ihw ]frk, 22: pp.

^fBmHI, O., :=124 @mtheeus (Rfnhitmj) uin Ejafcfrpoj jus nhi je

thrhi Jugsjcceuiahi ji nhr pehmstfzji hi Ef kjemtjt Ptrjiskðskðej bhm BRIF (@PPR). - Jitorfpfs 2< (I. P. :2), :01-:>1.

WJINHIBHRAOH, D . , O. D . CÕ@OHR, Q . RFHBRFHKP & N. AHCKH,

:=?84 Emtofstrjtmarjpoy jin pjejhfhivmrfichit fg toh \ehmstf`hih nhpfsmts jt Cjjstrmòt-Bhevínïrh, Pfutohri Emcbura, ôh

Ihtohrejins. - Chn hn. Rmdks Ahfe. Nmhist, 0=, :, 1-:?.QHHRN, J . WJI NH, :=174 Rfnhit gjuijs fg toh Cmf-\emf`hih @fitm

ihitje shnmchits fg toh ^hruhe-Jegjcbrj rhamfi, Ppjmi. X trhòt.- Cm`rfpje. Bume. Pph`. \ube. 2, 2:7 pp.

QHHRN, J . WJI NH, :=1=4 Hjrey Rus`mimji rfnhits jin ejafcfrpos(Cjccjemj) grfc toh emaimths ihjr \tfehcjms (Cj`hnfimj, Arhh-`h). - Kfi. Ihn. Jkjn. Qhthis` o., \rf`. Phr. B, ?2 (2),

:21-:1<.TJAQMDI, Q . O. :=104 \feehijijey tm` stu nmhs fg Ofesthmimji jin

Pjjemji Bhns mi toh Ifrtohri Ihtohrejins. - Chn hn. Rmdks Ahfe.Nmhist I.P. 2>, :0=-:87.

1>



EMP^ FG P\H@MHP : 2 0 > 8

GRHPOQJ^HR AJP^RF \F NJ

Wjevjtj `rmstjtj Cueehr, :11> J.: W @

Wjevjtj pms`mijems (Cue ehr, :11>) @ B J

Bmtoyimj thitjùejtj (Em iií, :18?) @ B N

B. thitjùejtj4 fphrùej

Bmtoyimj trfsòhem (\jjsò, :?>2) B.2 W J

B. trfsòhem4 fphrùej

Ajmbj trui`jtuej (Cuee hr, :11>) J.2 W J

Eycijhj stjaijems (Emi ií, :18?) B.2 W J

Eycijhj `frvus (Ach emi, :1??) B.2 W J

Ptjaim`fej pjeustrus (Cuee hr, :11>) J.: W J

E. `frvus/P. pjeustrms J.: W J

Rjnmx fvjtj (Nrj pjri jun, :?<8) @ W J

J`rfefxus ejùstrms (Emiií, :18?) B.2 W N

Ji`yeus geuvmjtmems (Cueehr, :11>) N B J

\ejifrbms `jrmijtus (Cuee hr, :11>) B.2 W N

\ejifrbms pejifrbms (Emii í, :18?) J.: W JJimsus ehu`fstfcus (Cm eeht , :?:0) J.2 W J

Jimsus vfrthx (Emiií, :18?) B.2 W @

Jimsus vfrtmùeus (^rfsòh e, :?0>) B.2 W @

Bjtoyfcpojeus `fitfrtus (Emiií, :18?) @ W J

Ayrjueus ejhvms (Jenhr, :?0?) B.: W J

Ayrjueus `rmstj (Emiií, :18?) B.2 W J

Ompphutms `fcpejijtus (Emiií, :18?) B.2 W @

Phachitmij imtmnj (Cueehr, :11>) J.: W H

\oysj gfitmijems (Emiií, :18?) @ W @

BMWJEWHP

Ximfimnjh sph`. minht.-

? B

@frbMùej geucmijems (Cueehr, :11>) N B @

\msmnmuc jcimùc (Cueehr, :11>) N B J

\msmnmuc `jshrtjiuc `jshrtjiuc (\f em, :1=:) @ B N

\msmnmuc `jshrtjiuc pfinhrfsuc (Pth egfx, :=:?) N B H

\msmnmuc cmemuc Ohen, :?07 B.2 B J

\msmnmuc cfmthssmhojiuc \jejnmeoh, :?77 N B J

\msmnmuc imtmnuc Dhi yis , :?02 @ B J

\msmnmuc fbtusjeh \ghmgghr, :?2: J.2 B J

\msmnmuc subtrui`jtuc Cje c, :?88 @ B J

\msmnmuc supmiuc Pòcmnt, :?8< N B J

\msmnmuc minht. - B -

Ppojhrmuc `frihuc (Emiií, :18?) @ B J

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^jbeh :. Nmstrmbutmfi òjrt fg toh rcfeeus`ji sph`mhs gfuin mi Ximt > fg toh Bhevínïrh shquhi`h.

Ehahin4 ' Cf e. iucbhr fg sh`tmfis jin sjcpehs; + sjcpehs; ¼ zfijtmfi.@feuci :4 H`fefam`je arfupmia.Je 4 cjrsohs; J24 bjiks jin phrmfnm` wjthrs; BM4 stjaijit, pffrey vhahtjthn wjthrs; B24 stjaijit, whee-vhahtjthn wjthrs; @4 stjaijit jin cfvmia wjthrs; N4 cfvmia wjthrs; Q4 wffnejin; F4 fphi arfuin; C4 chsfpomeh; O4 oyarfpomeh.@feuci 24 Pubstrjth prhghrhi`h fg toh grhsowjthr cfeeus`s.W4 vhahtjtmfi; B4 bfttfc.@feucis 0 jin >4 @emcjtm` arfupmia.04 M „ sph`mhs hxthin mia ifrto fg toh jr`tm` `mrèh

MM „ sph`mhs ojvmia tohmr ifrt ohri e mcmt jt fr sfuto fg toh jr`tm` `mr` ehMMM „ sph`mhs rhjòmia fiey toh sfutohricfst pjrt fg P`jinmijvmë fr `figmih n tf toh Hurfphji cjmiejin

>4 Jt - jtejitm` (f`hjim`) typh fg èmcjth@f „ @fitmihitje typh fg èmcjthMi - minm gghrhit sph`mhs

@feuci 84 Cfeeus`ji zfih mi womò toh sph`mhs jpphjrs mi toh Bhevínïrh shquhi`h.

1?



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8 7 1 ? = : 2 0 > 8 7 : 2 0 > 8 7 : MM

@ B H N @ H J N H N N H H H H

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jesf hi`fuithrhn mi ifrtohri Mtjey (shh bhefw).@fi`hrimia toh ojbmtjt. Bhrahr chitmfis toh gfeefw-

mia fbshrvjtmfis (semaotey cfnmgmhn)4

Pph`mhs :4 Mi bfto gfrhsts (tohi cfstey j``fcpjimhnby sp. 2) jin fphi jrhjs, but pjrtmùejreymi njcp chjnfws.

Pph`mhs 24 Fiey mi njcp fr swjcpy cmxhn gfrhsts,cjmiey tofsh wmto ji jncmxturh fg Jeius

jin Grjxmius.Mi wffnejin, tohsh twf sph`mhs miojbmt vhry smcmejr

ojbmtjts.Pph`mhs 04 Mi ojbmtjts smcmejr tf tofsh prhghrrhn by

sph`mhs 2. Xsujeey uinhr stfihs mi cfui-tjmi brffks jin mi \mius jin Gjaus gfrhsts.

Grfc tohsh fbshrvjtmfis mt ms èhjr tojt toh `fcbm-ijtmfi fg sph`mhs 2 jin 0 (cfst prfbjbey @jryòmuccjrmjh jin @jryòmuc trmnhitjtuc) pfmits tf cfmstnh`mnufus gfrhsts mi j cfrh `fitmihitje èmcjth tojitojt fg Bhevínïrh tfnjy.

Bhrahr nmn ift chitmfi toh `fcpfsmtmfi fg toh gju

ij mi womò toh \femso sph`mhs f`ùr. Js jerhjny chi-tmfihn, @jryòmuc cjrmjh emvhs mi ifrtohri Mtjey, gfrwomò Kfgmhr jin Kfecji (:=1>) ajvh gjuije emsts gfr21 ef`jemtmhs smtujthn bhtwhhi 2<< jin 2><< c jetmtu-nh. Cfst fg toh fbshrvjtmfis whrh cjnh jt ::<<-:7<<c. ôhsh jutofrs emsthn j tftje fg =: sph`mhs f`ùrrmiami nmgghrhit pej`hs tfahtohr wmto @jryòmuc cjrmjh;cfst fg tohsh, ofwhvhr, whrh gfuin fiey fi`h fr jghw tmchs. Mt ms mithrhstmia tojt Whrtmaf substrmjtj wjshi`fuithrhn mi rjtohr cjiy gjuijs. ^jbeh 2 sofwstoh prhshi`h fg sph`mhs f`ùrrmia mi cfrh toji 28%fg toh gjuijs. ôh sjch ms nfih gfr gjuijs wmto @jry òmuc cjrmjh jin Whrtmaf substrmjtj mi `fccfi . Jppem`jtmfi fg toh h`fefam`je arfupmia systhc tf tohsh

Mtjemji gjuijs amvhs gfeefwmia rhsuets (J4 gjuijs wmto@jryòmuc cjrmjh, B4 gjuijs wmto @jryòmuc cjrmjhjin Whrtmaf substrmjtj mi `fccfi) mi phr`hitjah4

J Bwffnejin 00.0 0=.:fphi-arfuin 2<.< :0.<chsfpomehs 2<.< :1.>oyarfpomehs 27.1 27.:grhso wjthr „ >.0

ôhsh phr`hitjahs pfmit tf cfmst shcm-gfrhsthn `fi-nmtmfis jin shhc tf `figmrc toh ojbmtjt prhghrhi`h fgtoh suppfshney `fisph`mgm` \femso @jryòmuc sp. 2.

ôh Bhevínïrh gfrc ms `fismnhrhn prfvmsmfijeey tf bh@jryòmuc `g. cjrmjh. ^jxfifcmh jin htohr prf-behcs `fi`hrimia Hurfphji @jryòmmijh wme! bh nhjetwmto mi j shpjrjth pjphr (Chmdhr, mi prhp.).

ôh fiey kifwi gfssme f`ùrrhi`h fg @jryòmuccjrmjh ms mi Xpphr \emf`hih nhpfsmts jt Cjmiz-Qhmsshiju, GAR (Ahmsshrt, :=?0).

@fòem`fpj sph`mhs - \ejth :, Gmas. 1-=

Cfst fg toh cjthrmje `fismsts fg grjachits; ghw `fcpehth sph`mchis fg toms uiòjrj`thrmstm` ahius jrhjvjmejbeh. Grfc fur cjthrmje mt ms èhjr tojt torhh sph`mhs jrh prhshit4 @fòem`fpj eubrm`j, @ eubrm`heej, jin

@. imthis. Bhsmnhs toh sojph fg toh sohee, mnhitmgm`j-tmfis jrh bjshn fi toh wmnto fg toh ejst wofrm4 @. eu brm`heej4 :.=:-2.0= c c, @. eubrm`j4 2.08-2.1< cc , jin@. imthis4 2.?0-0.:0 cc.

Mi `fitrjst tf toh twf ftohr sph`mhs, @fòem`fpj im this ojs ihvhr bhhi gfuin js j gfssme mi ôh Ihtohr-ejins.

@fòem`fpj imthis ms, emkh Whrtmaf cfuemismjij, j ty-pm`je miojbmtjit fg `je`jrhfus swjcps. J``frnmia tfEfzhk (:=8?), mts f`ùrrhi`h mi `fccuimtmhs fg ejth-aej`mje òjrj`thr `fistmtuths hvmnhi`h tojt toms sph`mhs `ji hinurh j `ffe èmcjth jin jpphjrhn cuòhjremhr mi Ofef`hih tmchs toji toh h`fefam`jeey rhejthnWhrtmaf cfuemismjij. J``frnmia tf Khrihy, @jchrfijin Duiabeuto (e.`), toh sph`mhs ifrcjeey f`ùrs mi`je`jrhfus swjcps but `ji jesf emvh mi vhry cfmst gfrhsts fi `je`jrhfus sfme. Imessfi (:=87) chitmfis mtgrfc @jrhx, \orjacmths jin P`mrpus vhahtjtmfis.

ôh rh`hit nmstrmbutmfi sofws j `hrtjmi `fitmihitjepjtthri; toh cmn-Hurfphji msfejthn pfpuejtmfis jrhtofuaot tf bh toh whsthricfst f`ùrrhi`hs fg j cfrhhjsthri-`fitmihitje Hurjsmjtm` nmstrmbutmfije jrhj

(Imessfi, e.`).

Whrtmaf sph`mhs

Pmx sph`mhs fg toms ahius ojvh bhhi gfuin; jee fg tohcjrh cfrh fr ehss `figmihn tf thcphrjth pojshs. ^wfjrh fg cfrh sph`mje mithrhst4 Whrtmaf substrmjtj jin W.cfuemismjij.

Whrtmaf substrmjtj

Jt prhshit, toms sph`mhs ms rjtohr s`jr`h mi ôh Ihtohr-ejins. ôh sph`mhs ms `figmihn tf oucmn, sojny ojbmtjts, fgthi mi nh`mnufus gfrhsts, jin ms gfuin mi h.a.

vjrmfus typhs fg Jeihtuc, @rjtjhaus/Bhtumj sorubs,Gjaus gfrhsts jin gfrhsts wmto @fryeus, \fpueus, jinGrjxmius. Mi Nhicjrk toh sph`mhs ojs usujeey bhhigfuin tfahtohr wmto Pphrcfnhj ejcheejtj mi Gjausgfrhsts (Puimhr, :=27).

^jbeh 0 sofws toh jssf`mjthn sph`mhs prhshit mi 0=Nutò rh`hit gjuijs. ôh njtj jrh bjshn fi j rhvmhwfg toh Nutò emthrjturh jin uipubemsohn fbshrvjtmfisfg Kumdphr (phrs. `fcc., :=1:). Fiey sph`mhs wmto jprhshi`h fg cfrh toji 28% ojvh bhhi tjkhi mitf j``fuit. Mithrhstmia sph`mhs gfuin mi efwhr phr`hitjahsjrh Tfimtfmnhs hx`jvjtus (2<.8%) jin Pphrcfnhj ej cheejtj (:.:%). Mt ms strmkmia tojt fiey twf sph`mhs(@feucheej jsphrj jin Fxyòmeus jeemjrmus) jrh jbshit

mi Bhevínïrh. H`fefam`je arfupmia fg toh njtj mi ^jbeh0 ajvh toh gfeefwmia rhsuet4 wffnejin sph`mhs400,0%; fphi-arfuin sph`mhs4 <%; chsfpomehs4 ><%;jin oyarfpomehs4 27.1%.

ôh gfeefwmia èmcjtm` `finmtmfis jrh prhghrrhn4omao jmr oucmnmty but jvfmnji`h fg nmrh`t `fitj`t wmtowjthr; prh`mpmtjtmfi mi jee shjsfis, bhtwhhi 8<<-:<<<cc/yhjr (jin cfrh); chji Duey thcphrjturhs4 rji-amia bhtwhhi :>¼ jin 22¼@.

J``frnmia tf Efzhk (:=7>b), toh sph`mhs f`ùrs miwjrc-thcphrjth pojshs jin oucmn f`hjim` pjrts fg`fen pojshs.

Whrtmaf substrmjtj ojs bhhi gfuin mi ôh Ihtohr-ejins spfrjnm`jeey js j gfssme mi toh Ofef`hih.

?>



^ ' Y ^Y d dp , ,, m d Y . Y , Y -

Whrtmaf cfuemismjij

ôh rh`hit nmstrmbutmfi ojs ji jtejitm`-chrmnmfije pjt-thri. ôms pjtthri ms èhjrey hxprhsshn mi toh gfssme rh`frn4 toh sph`mhs fiey f`ùrrhn mi tmiihs wmto j oucmnwjrc-thiiphrjth èmiijth.

ôhrh ms ji hxthismvh emthrjturh fi toh gjuimstm`sjin h`fefay fg toh sph`mhs, mts phùemjr ojbmtjt bhmiarhejtmvhey whe! e5ifwi. Whrtmaf cfuemismjij f`ùrs mi`je`jrhfus swjcps, mi toh vm`mimty fg Jeius wffns. Mtusujeey emvhs fi tjee @jrhx jin Aey`hrmj sph`mhs arfw-mia mi ehss sojeefw wjthr, jin wjs gfuin mi tohDui`htuc-jùtmgefrm, Cjaif`jrm`mfi, jin tohWjehrmjihtf-Gmemphinuehtuc pejit-`fccuimtmhs (Butft& Ihuthbffc, :=8?). ôh fiey jssf`mjthn sijme sph`mhs fi toh vhahtjtmfi jrh Pu``mihj putrms, P. hehajis, jin @feucheej hnhitumj; toh sfme surgj`h-nwheemia sph`mhs jrh @ji/òmuc cmimcuc, @fòem`f- pj eubrm`j, Whrtmaf jitmvhrtmaf, Nhrf`hrjs ejhvh, Wm- trhj `rystjeemij, W. `fitrj`tj, Jhafpmiheej purj, J. imtmnuej, Tfimtfmnhs imtmnus, Hu`fbrhsmj nmjpojij, Wmtrm- ij pheeu`mnj, jin Hu`fiueus guevus. H`fefam`je

arfupmia fg tohsh sph`mhs rhsuets mi4 wffnejin42?,7%; fphi-arfuin4 <%; chsfpomehs4 1. : % ; jinoynrfpomehs4 8<%.

ôh sph`mhs prhghrs toh gfeefwmia èmcjtm` `finm-tmfis4 omao jmroucmnmty; j yhjrey rjmigjee fg jt ehjst 7<<cii; j chji jiiuje thiiphrjturh fg :<¼@; irmhji Dueythiiphrjturhs fg jt ehjst :8¼@, rh`hit nmstrmbutmficjmiey sfuto fg toh :1¼@ msftohrc. Chji Djiujrythcphrjturhs jbfvh „ 8¼@, toh ejrahst pjrt fg mts jrhjeymia sfuto fg toh <¼@ msftohrc (Dfojishi, :=<>; Khr-ihy, @jchrfi jin Duiabeuto, :=?0). ôh sph`mhs hi-nurhs j thcphrjturh jcpemtunh rjiamia grfc „ :<¼@tf -Y0<¼@ (Butft & Ihuthbffc, :=8?).

Mi Nutò Zujthrijry shnmchits toh sph`mhs ojsbhhi rh`frnhn grfc toh Bjvhe Mithraej`mje jin shvhrjeOfef`hih nhpfsmts.

Wjeefimj hiimhisms

ôms sph`mhs emvhs by prhghrhi`h fi oucmn tf wht chj-nfws, but jesf mi busohs wohrh toh oucmnmty ms omaohifuao. Mt ms omaoey òjrj`thrmstm` gfr `je`jrhfusswjcps jin ms rhpfrthn tf gefurmso mi \gmrjacmthtuc,@jrm`htuc, vjrmfus typhs fg Jeihtuc, ht`. (\ejth,:=8<). Mi Ouiajry, Bíbj (:=7=) fbshrvhn toh sph`mhsemvmia mi Jso-Jenhr wffns. ôhsh wffns jrh `fcpeh-they miuinjthn hx`hpt nurmia Juaust jin toh gmrst ojeg

fg Phpthcbhr. Gfr j sofrt tmch toh sph`mhs `jiwmtostjin nry `finmtmfis. F`ùrrhi`h bhtwhhiPpojaiuc mi j phjt bfa ojs jesf bhhi fbshrvhn(Cjtzkh :=7=; \ejth, e.`).

^jbeh 0 amvhs toh rh`hit jssf`mjthn sph`mhs wmto jprhshi`h fg cfrh toji 28% mi thi Ahrcji jin Oui-ajrmji gjuijs. H`fefam`je arfupmia fg toh sph`mhsamvhs toh gfeefwmia rhsuet4 wffnejin sph`mhs (busohs)4::.:%; fphi-arfuin sph`mhs4 22.2%; chsfpomehs400.0%; jin oyarfpomehs4 22.2%.

J``frnmia tf \ejth (e.`), toh fptmcuc fg toh sph`mhs ms mi oucmn jin wjrc bmftfphs. ôms ms hxprhshnmi toh rh`hit nmstrmbutmfi tff4 toh nmstrmbutmfije jrhj mscfrh fr ehss èfshn sfuto fg toh 2<¼@ Duey msftohrc.

Mi toh rh`hit gjuij fg ôh Ihtohrejins toh sph`mhs

^jbeh 2. @jryòmuc cjrmjh4 jssf`mjthn sph`mhs wmto j prhshi`harhjthr toji 28% mi 21 rh`hit Ifrto-etjemji gjuijs Mbjshn fi Kfgmhr

jin Kfeecji, :=1>.)J B

@jryòmuc cjrmjh :<<.< :<<.<Hu`fiueus guevus 77.1 =:.1@fòem`fpj eubrm`j 88.7 8?.0Ihsfvmtrhj ojccfims >>.> 8?.0Whrtmaf substrmjtj >>.> :<<.<@feucheej hnhitumj, jaa. ><.1 8?.0

Nmsùs runhrjtus 01.< 00.0Cj`rfajstrj emihfejtj 00.0 -:-

Pu``mihj fbefiaj 2=.7 28.<Whrtmaf jitmvhrtmaf 2=.7 28.<Wmtrhj subrmcjtj 2=.7 28.<Hu`fbrhsmj nmjpojij 28.= >:.1\upmeej cus`fruc 28.= 00.0Cj`rfajstrj pem`jtuej 28.= 00.0Whrtmaf pyacjhj 28.= 28.<@me mhe ej memjtj 28.= +Rjnmx phrharj + 28.<Whrtmaf jephstrms + 28.<@jusj ofefshrmùc + 28.<Msfaifcfstfcj msfaifcfstfcj + 28.<Wjeefimj pueòheej + 28.<Phcmemcjx kftuejh + 28.<@jryòmuc tinhitjtuc + 28.<

Pu``mihj hehajis + 28.<\ui`tuc pyacjhuc + 28.<Gusueus vjrmjis + 28.<

-M- prhshi`h efwhr toji 28%@feuiii J4 prhshi`h (%) mi 21 gjuijs wmto @jryòmuc cjrmjh@feuci B4 toh sjch mi :2 gjuijs wmto @jryòmuc cjrmjh jin Whrtm af substrmjtj mi `fccfi

^jbeh 0. Rh`hit jssf`mjthn gjuijs fg gmvh ejin-sijme sph`mhs.

J B ` N H@jryòmuc cmimcuc, jaa. -:- 7<.< -:- _ >-

@jryòmuc trmnhitjtuc + - -:- „ „Pu``mihj fbefiaj 0<.? + ><.< _ -t-

Pu``mihj putrms + 7<.< -(- „ +@fòem`fpj eubrm`j, jaa. 1=.8 1<.< ?8.< _ 7:.:@feucheej hnhitumj, jaa. 0?.8 - 78.< _ 7:.:@feucheej hnhitumj, sha. :1.= - - - -@feucheej jsphrj :1.= - :<.< - -Whrtmaf pusmeej 08.= - 0<.< _ 21.?Whrtmaf substrmjtj :<<.< + >8.< _ 8<.<Wjeefimj `fstjtj + 7<.< 28.< „ -:-

Wjeefimj hiimhisms - :<<.< - - -Wjeefimj pueòheej + 7<.< + - -o

J`jitomiuej jùehjtj 28.7 - :<<.< _ 88.7Pphrcfnhj ejcheejtj + - + :<<.< -:-

\ui`tuc pyacjhuc 1=.8 - 18.< _ 7:.:Nmsùs rftuinjtus 0<.? - 78.< _ 8<.<Wmtrmij pheeu`mnj 8=.< U- 18.< _ >>.<Wmtrhj rystjeemij, jaa. 00.0 + 88.< _ 0?.=Wmtrhj `fitrj`tj 2.7 2<.< :8.< _ 8.7Ihsfvmtrhj ojccfims 17.= 8<.< 1<.< _ 11.?Jhafpmiheej imtmnuej + - 08.< _ -:-

Jhafpmiheej purj + + 8<.< _ 0?.=Fxyòmeus jeemjrmus 0<.= - ><.< _ 88.7Tfimtfmnhs hx`jvjtus -:- „ >8.< _ :<<.<Tfimtfmnhs imtmnus -:- ?<.< -:- _ -t-

Hu`fiueus guevus ?>,7 8<.< 88.< _ 12.2@ejusmemj bmnhitjtj + - 28.< „ -Brjnybjhij grutmùc - 0<.< - - -^rmòmj omspmnj + - ><.< - +

@feuci J4 :? Nutò gjuijs wmto Whrtmaf substrmjtj@feuci B4 :< Hurfphji gjuijs wmto Wjeefimj hiimhisms@feuci @4 2< Nutò gjuijs wmto J`jitomiuej jùehjtj@feuci N4 jssf`mjthn sph`mhs fg Pphrcfnhj ejcheejtj mi torhh pej`hs mi toh Cjitmiahr Bfs (prfvmi`h fg Nrhith, ôh Ihtohrejinse@feuci H4 :? Nutò gjuijs wmto Tfimtfmnhs hx`jvjtusWjeuhs jrh phr`hitjahs rhprhshitmia prhshi`h mi toh gjuijs wmtofih fg toh gmvh sph mhs mi fccfi; + 3 prhshit mi ehss toji 28%

fg toh gjuijs, x 3 prhshit; „ 3 jbshit.

?8



rmvhr shnmchits jin rhjò vhry omao iucbhrs mi efhssnhpfsmts. Mi j Qhmòshemji efhss jt Ijahebhhk (prfvmi-`h fg Emcbura), `fuits sofwhn 0<.<<< arjiuehs mifih emtrh fg shnmchit. ôh arjiuehs f`ùrrhn tfahtohrwmto j cfeeus`ji gjuij fg >:8 minmvmnujes. ôh gjuij,mi womò ^rmòmj omspmnj wjs nfcmijit, pfmithn tf`ffe jin cfmst tuinrjemkh `finmtmfis nurmia ji mi-thrstjnmje (uipubemsohn rhpfrt). ôh vhry nmgghrhitcjaimtunh fg toh Eucbrmùs jin cfeeus` iucbhrs mi-

nm`jths ofw toh h`fefam`je pm`turh sofwi by toh cfeeus`ji jsshcbejah wfuen bh jggh`thn mg toh arjiuehswhrh `fismnhrhn tf bh fg jrmfimn frmami jin mièunhnmi toh `fuits.

Fi toh ftohr ojin, bh`jush Eucbrmùs ojs fgthibhhi hrrfihfusey mnhitmgmhn js Jrmfimnjh, cuò bmnnhi Migfrcjtmfi fi hjrtowfrcs `ji bh hxtrj`thngrfc emthrjturh fi Zujthrijry ifi-cjrmih cfeeus`jigjuijs.

Jt toh Bhevínïrh smth, arjiueh iucbhrs nf ift hx-`hhn 2<<< sph`mchis phr emtrh fg shnmchit. Grfc tohnmjarjcs fg Cfe. 2 jin 0 mt jpphjrs tojt bhst `finmtmfis gfr hjrtowfrcs prhvjmehn nurmia toh phrmfn fg

zfih N. Bh`jush zfih N sofws j qumth nmgghrhit h`fefam`je pjtthri mi toh twf sh`tmfis, mt shhcs omaoeyprfbjbeh tojt toh Eucbrmùs cjxmcuc wjs èmcjtm-`jeey `fitrfeehn.

H@FEFAM@JE NMJARJCP FGMINMWMNXJEP (shh Gma. 0)Mi toms òjpthr toh nhvhefpchit fg toh gjuijs womòjrh prhshit jt vjrmfus pej`hs mi Ximt > fg toh Bhevínïrh shquhi`h wmee bh nmsùsshn. ôh h`fefam`je `fi-èusmfis jrh bjshn gfr toh arhjthr pjrt fi toh cfeeus`nmjarjcs womò jrh `fistru`thn gfr toh sh`tmfis jinsmiaeh sjcpehs tojt ojvh bhhi stunmhn. Hx`hpt gfr

sjcpeh Cfe. 8 tohmr ef`jtmfi ms sofwi mi Gma. :.

Ph`tmfi Cfe. :

ôh gjuij ms cfiftfifus, pffr mi sph`mhs jin rmò miminmvmnujes; grhsowjthr cfeeus`s jrh prhnfcmijit.ôh pffr thrrhstrmje gjuij ej`ks wffnejin sph`mhs jinms nfcmijthn by \upmeej cus`fruc, ^rmòmj omspmnj,Pu``mihmnjh, jin Emcj`mnjh. Jcfia toh seuas, Nhrf- `hrjs jarhsth, womò prhghrs fphi, wht, jin `ffe `finmtmfis, ms prhshit. ôh thrrhstrmje gjuij js j wofehpfmits tf ji fphi ejins`jph jin vhry prfbjbey j `ffeèmcjth. ôh grhsowjthr gjuij `fcprmshs Wjmvjtj pms- `mijems (nfcmijit), Ayrjueus ejhvms. Rjnmx phrharj,Ppojhrmuc `frihuc, jin \msmnmuc sph`mhs. ôms js-sf`mjtmfi ms j òjrj`thrmstm` pmfihhr gjuij f`ùrrmia i mji hjrey, pffrey vhahtjthn pojsh fg j emcim` nhvhefph-chit. ôh geuvmjtmeh \msmnmuc sph`mhs, womò jrh prhshit mi rhejtmvhey ejrah iucbhrs, cjy ojvh survmvhn jsj rhem`t grfc toh rmvhr rhamch tojt prhvjmehn mi toh thr-rj`h arjvhes (Ximt 0). Fgthi j Wjmvjtj pms`mijems/Ay rjueus ejhvms/Ppojhrmuc `frihuc jssf`mjtmfi msgfuin mi toh trjismtmfije pojsh bhtwhhi `fen jin thc-phrjth stjahs (h.a. Gjvrh, :=21; Dfojishi, :=<>; Ef-8hk, :=7>b; Ppjrks, :=7?).

Mt nfhs ift shhc uimmkhey tojt suò j pojsh ms jesfrhprhshithn ohrh4 bfto thrrhstrmje jin grhsowjthr gju

ijs suaahst toms. Pmi`h jr`tm` hehchits jrh jbshit.

toh prhshit jutofr `fismnhrs toh sh`tmfi tf rhprhshitji hjrey thcphrjth zfih.

ôh ftohr sh`tmfis, tf bh nmsùsshn bhefw, sofw ejr-ahr iucbhrs fg sph`mhs. Jqujtm` js whee js thrrhstrmjecfeeus`s jrh cfrh nhcjinmia. ôhrh jrh cfrh jqujtm` ajstrfpfns emvmia mi vhahtjtmfi toji jrh gfuin mish`tmfi Cfe. :. Jcfia toh thrrhstrmje gjuij j `hrtjmiiucbhr fg wffnejin sph`mhs jrh prhshit. Ayrjueus

ejhvms f`ùrs fiey mi toh efwhr pjrts fg sh`tmfis Cfe.0 jin >, jin Nhrf`hrjs jarhsth ms jbshit. Mt ms èhjreyminm`jthn tojt sh`tmfi Cfe. : prh-njths toh ftohr sh`tmfis.

Ph`tmfi Cfe. 2

ôh hitmrh sh`tmfi wjs nhpfsmthn mi stjinmia wjthrjin sofws j su``hssmfi grfc rjtohr sojeefw, whee-vhahtjthn wjthr tf nhhphr, semaotey ehss vhahtjthn wjthr. ôh Bmtoyimj rjtmf nh`rhjshs grfc =< tf 1< %, rh-geh`tmia toh sjch nhvhefpchit. Geuvmjtmeh sph`mhs jrhprhshit, but fiey mi efw iucbhrs. ôh grhsowjthr gju

ij ms bhtthr nhvhefphn toji mi sh`tmfi Cfe. :. Ayrju eus ejhvms ms jbshit, wohrhjs cfrh nhcjinmia sph`mhs, gfr mistji`h \oysj gfitmijems, Jimsus vfrthx, J.vfrtmùeus, jin Ompphutms `fcpejijtj, jrh prhshit. Mitoh upphr pjrt fg toh sh`tmfi tohy jrh j``fcpjimhn by\ejifrbms `jrmijtus jin Phachitmij imtmnj. Cfstifthwfrto ms toh f`ùrrhi`h fg duvhimehs fg @frbmùejgeucmijems. ôms sph mhs pfmits tf j wjrc-thcphrjthèmcjth wmto j @fitmihitje j``hit. ôh f`ùrrhi`h fgfiey duvhimehs ms hvmnhi`h fg j qumht-wjthr rhamch.ôh thrrhstrmje gjuij pfmits strfiaey tf j whee-nhvhefphn Cjaif`jrm`mfi, pfssmbey wmt o s`jtthrhn Je ius busohs. Whrtmaf cfuemismjij ms smaimgm`jit gfr tomsvhahtjtmfi, but toh gfeefwmia sph`mhs jesf gmt mitf toms

ojbmtju vhry whee4 @jryòmuc `g. cjrmjh, Pu``mihj hehajis/putmm`, @fòem`fpj eubrm`j, Whrtmaf jitmvhrtmaf,Wjeefimj hiimhisms, Wmtrhj `rystjeemij, Jhafpmiheej imtmnuej, Tfimtfmnhs iutmnus, Emcj`mnjh, Wmtrmij pheeu`mnj,jin Hu`fiueus guevus. Mt ms mithrhstmia tf ifth tojt tohgeu`tujtmfis fg toh vjeuhs fg toh oyarfpomehs jin tohgfrhst rjtmf jrh `fupehn. ôms shhcs tf bh `fismsthitwmto toh `fcbmijtmfi fg Cjaif`jrm`mfi jin Jeiusbusohs. ôh sjch kmin fg geu`tujtmfi `ji bh gfuin mitoh rjtmf fg grhsowjthr tf ejin minmvmnujes jin tohgrhso-wjthr h`fefam`je arfups J jin @. Mt shhcs rhj-sfijbeh tf jttrmbuth toh smcmejrmty fg tohsh ùrvhs tf j`fccfi `jush. Mi jee emkhemoffn, toh geu`tujtmfis whrhèmcjtm`jeey nhthrcmihn jin hxprhss òjiahs mi oucm-

nmty. Geuvmjtmeh sph`mhs sofw ojrney jiy geu`tujtmfi,womò chjis tojt toh prhnfcmijit wjthr-rhamch rh-cjmihn hsshitmjeey toh sjch, ijchey ejùstrmih.

Ph`tmfi Cfe. 0

Jetofuao toh su``hssmfi ohrh nmgghrs `fcpehthey grfctojt mi Cfe. 2, toh gjuijs jrh rhejthn. ôhrh jrh rjtohrcjiy sph`mhs, jin j ejrah prfpfrtmfi fg tohc jrh vhrynhcjinmia. ôh grhsowjthr gjuij mi toh efwhrcfstpjrt fg toh sh`tmfi emvhn mi (pfssmbey rjtohr nhhp) pffrey vhahtjthn jin ahitey gefwmia wjthr. Mi toh jrhj fgtrjismtmfi grfc cfvmia tf stjaijit wjthr Ayrjueus

ejhvms ms prhshit mi rhejtmvhey ejrah iucbhrs. Pmi`h toms



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Ph`tmfi Cfe. > Pjcpehs Cfe. 7::-::

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pojsh ms rhprhshithn wmtomi Ximt >. ôms cjy bh heu`m-njthn by toh gfeefwmia.

Pph`mhs pjssmia toh jr`tm` `mrèh jt prhshit (arfupM) nhèmih grfc 1< tf >1%, jin sph`mhs stjymia sfutofg tojt ejtmtunh (Arfup MM) jrh fiey prhshit grfc zfih@ upwjrn, rmsmia tf 21%. Pph`mhs tfnjy rhjòmia jtbhst toh sfutohricfst pjrt fg P`jinmijvmj (arfup MMM)geu`tujth bhtwhhi 28 jin 01%. ôhsh vjeuhs suaahsthmtohr ji mi`rhjsmia thcphrjturh fr j stjbmemzjtmfi fgji jerhjny omao thcphrjturh grfc zfih J fiwjrn,ehjvmia nhcjinmia sph`mhs hifuao tmch tf mccmarjthnurmia toh ihxt zfije mithrvjes. Js `ji nhnu`hn grfcAmtthibhrahr, Bj`koumds jin Rmpkhi (:=?>), toh èmcj-tm` `fcpfsmtmfi fg toh rh`hit gjuij emvmia mi toh sur-rfuinmias fg toh Bhevínïrh smth ms js gfeefws4 arfup M401.1%, arfup MM4 2>.8 %, jin arfup MMM4 01.1%. Jt gmrstsmaot toh gjuij fg Bhevínïrh shhcs tf minm`jth j`ffehr èmcjth toji tojt prhvjmemia tfnjy mi toh rhamfi.Ofwhvhr, mt cust bh khpt mi cmin tojt toh thrrhstrmjegjuij fg toh Bhevínïrh smth emvhn mi toh vm`mimty fgwjthr, vY/omò `ji hxhrt j `ffemia hggh`t fi ihjrby oj-bmtjts. Cfrhfvhr, toh rh`hit vjeuhs jrh ji hxprhssmfi

fg toh hitmrh thrrhstrmje gjuij emvmia mi j rhejtmvhey ejrahjrhj wmto j wmnh vjrmhty fg ojbmtjts jin wohrh fphiwjthr ms fg cmifr mcpfrtji`h. ôhrhgfrh, jt ehjst mitoh upphrcfst pjrt fg toh shquhi`h fg Ximt > toh èm-cjtm` `finmtmfis cust ojvh jpprfxmcjthn tofsh prhvjmemia tfnjy.

ôh rjtmf bhtwhhi jtejitm`, `fitmihitje, jin minmgghrhit sph`mhs suaahsts j semaotey cfrh `fitmihitje èmcjth bhgfrh zfih N toji jgthr tojt tmch.

ôh èmcjtm` trhins jrh whee hxprhsshn mi toh h`fef-am`je nhvhefpchit fg toh thrrhstrmje gjuij. ôhrh ms jijecfst emihjr mi`rhjsh fg wffnejin sph`mhs grfc zhrfmi zfih J tf >?% mi zfih H, wohrhjs fphi-arfuinsph`mhs nh`rhjsh jt toh sjch tmch grfc 8?% mi J tf:?% mi H. ôh oyarfpomehs sofw j nhvhefpchit tojt`fuen bh hxph`thn grfc j cfrh jtejitm` èmcjth nurmianhpfsmtmfi fg toh upphr pjrt fg toh shquhi`h.

Phvhity sph`mhs jrh prhshit mi zfih H. ôms jbsfeuth sph`mhs iucbhr mtsheg minm`jths ji 'mithraej`mje' stjtus fg toh gjuij. Pfch gmaurhs cjy shrvh tf meeustrjthtoms4 grfc Ejth ^maemji mithraej`mje nhpfsmts hxpfshn mitoh pmt fg Russhe ^maemj ihjr ^hahehi, 8> sph`mhs jrhkifwi; grfc Bjvhe (mithraej`mje fg Bjvhe)4 ?1 sph`mhs;Kjiih, Wjeehy fg toh Dhkhr (Ofef`hih, Jtejitmùc)41< sph`mhs; Ohkhemiahi (Ofef`hih, Pubbfrhje)4 8=sph`mhs (hxèunmia scjee \msmnmuc sph`mhs). ôh rh`hit gjuij emvmia mi toh surrfuinmias fg Bhevínïrh

`fcprmshs7: sph`mhs. Mi ôh Ihtohrejins Zujthrijryifi-cjrmih `ffe jin `fen èmcjth gjuijs usujeey nfift hx`hhn 2< sph`mhs.

Mt ms nmggmùet tf amvh jbsfeuth njtj fi toh èmcjth,but mt cjy rhjsfijbey bh jssuchn tojt grfc zfih Nupwjrn jiiuje rjmigjee wjs omao, m.h., jt ehjst ?<< cc(jt prhshit4 ehss toji 1<< cc); toh chji jiiuje thcphrjturh wjs jt ehjst :<¼@ (tfnjy4 =.8-:<¼@); tohchji Duey thcphrjturhs whrh `hrtjmiey ift efwhr toji:8¼@, but prfbjbey hx`hhn :?¼@ (tfnjy4 :1.8¼@);chji Djiujry thcphrjturhs jrh cfrh nmggmùet tf hstm-cjth but whrh `hrtjmiey jbfvh <¼@ (tfnjy4 2-2.8¼@).

Pmi`h if ihw sph`mhs bhefiamia tf toh cfst nhcjinmia èmcjth arfup jpphjr mi zfih H, mt ms ift uiem-

khey tojt toh èmcjtm` fptmcuc ojn jerhjny bhhi pjs-

shn mi tojt zfih. ôms ms suppfrthn by toh prhshi`h fgsfch sph`mhs f`ùrrmia mi fen wffnejin mi toms ejstzfih, h.a., Pphrcfnhj ejcheejtj. ôh Eucbrmùs hvm-nhi`h minm`jths tojt toh èmcjtm` fptmcuc wjs rhjò-hn mi zfih N. Gurtohrcfrh, mt ms ifthwfrtoy tojt j tfr-tfmsh {Hcys frbmùejrms) wjs gfuin mi toh upphr pjrtfg zfih N fg sh`tmfi Cfe. 0 (Wji Kfegsòfthi, :=?8).ôms pfmits strfiaey tf chji Duey thcphrjturhs hx-

`hhnmia :1-:?¼@. ôh tfrtfmsh `frrfbfrjths toh `fi-èusmfis nrjwi jbfut toh èmcjth grfc toh cfeeus`hvmnhi`h.

ôh gfeefwmia òjrj`thrmstm`s `ji bh amvhi gfr toh vj-rmfus zfihs4Tfihs J jin B4 Rhejtmvhey efw iucbhr fg sph`mhs;

ghw ejin sph`mhs; fphi-arfuin sph`mhsvhry mcpfrtjit, wohrhjs wffnejinsph`mhs jrh jbshit fr fiey prhshit miefw iucbhrs. @emcjtm` arfup MM jbshit;`fitmihitje èmcjth arfup ojs mtsstrfiahst hxpjismfi.

Tfih J4 Qffnejin jin jtejitm`

sph`mhs jbshit; mcpfrtjit gmrst jrrmvjes4Bmtoyimj trfsòhem, Ayrjueus ejhvms. Nh- rf`hrjs jarhsth, @ejusmemj pjrvuej, jinOhem`fpsms strmjtj.

Tfih B4 Qffnejin jin jtejitm` sph`mhs jrh prhshit ifw mi efw iucbhrs;gmrst cjxmcuc mi èmcjtm` arfup MMM.

Mcpfrtjit gmrst jrrmvje4 @hpjhj ih- cfrjems.

Tfih @4 Iucbhr fg sph`mhs, ejin cfeeus`s,wffnejin sph`mhs, jin oyarfpomehs jeemi`rhjsh. Nh`rhjsh fg grhsowjthr cfeeus`s, fphi-arfuin sph`mhs, jin èmcjtm` arfup M; wjthrpejit-nwheemiaajstrfpfns rhjò j cjxmcuc, chsf-pomehs sofw j vhry nmstmi`t phjk. @emcjtm` arfup MM prhshit mi efw iucbhrs;`fitmihitje èmcjth arfup jt mts efwhst

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hxpjismfi; cmifr cmimcj sofwi bytoh fphi-arfuin sph`mhs jin èmcjtmàrfup MMM (`ffehr pojsh6). Mcpfrtjitgmrst jrrmvjes4 Jimsus vfrtmùeus, @frbm- ùej geucmijems, @jryèmmuii fg. cjrmjh,jin Whrtmaf cfuemismjij.

Tfihs N jin H4 Omao (mi`rhjsmia) iucbhr fg sph`mhs; smcmejr trhin sofwi by toh ejincfeeus`s, toh wffnejin sph`mhs jinèmcjtm` arfup MM; grhsowjthr cfeeus`s,toh chsfpomehs, jin èmcjtm` arfup Mnh`rhjsmia.

Tfih N4 ôh oyarfpomehs ojvh tohmrstrfiahst hxpjismfi; fphi-arfuinsph`mhs rhjò j sh`fin cjxmcuc, jsnf èmcjtm` arfup MMM jin toh @fitmihitje èmcjth arfup; mi toms zfih toh ejstfg toh gmrst jrrmvjes mi èmcjtm` arfup MMMtjkh pej`h. Whry prfbjbey toh èmcjtm`fptmcuc wjs rhjòhn. Mcpfrtjit gmrstjrrmvjes4 Bmtemyimj thitjùejtj, \ejifrbms `jrmijtus. @jryòmuc trmnhitjtuc,

Wje Mfi mj hiimhisms, Nmsùs rftuinjtus,Tfimtfmnhs shpuetus, Cmej`mnjh, jin@fòem`fpj imthis.

Tfih H4 Cjxmcj gfr toh iucbhr fgsph`mhs, toh ejin cfeeus`s, toh wffnejin sph`mhs, jin èmcjtm` arfup MM. Cmimcj gfr toh grhsowjthr cfeeus`s, tohfphi-arfuin sph`mhs, toh chsfpomehs,jin èmcjtm` arfup M. ôh èmcjtmàrfup MMM ms jt mts efwhst hxpjismfi. Mcpfrtjit gmrst jrrmvjes4 Phachitmij imtmnj, Whrtmaf substrmjtj, Pphrcfnhj ejcheejtj, J`jitomiuej jùehjtj, @ejusmemj bmnhitjtj, jin Cj`rfajstrj pem`jtu-

ej.

HIWMRFICHI^ FG ÔH CJMIJR@OJHFEFAM@JE OFRMTFIGmhen hvmnhi`h grfc toh jròjhfefam`je smths B jin @(Rfhbrfhks, :=?8) minm`jths tojt toh cjmi jròjhfefam`je ofrmzfi emhs mi shnmchits nhpfsmthn mi cfeeus`jizfihs @, N jin H. Jt cfst fg toh ef`jtmfis mt wjs prhshit mi zfih N. ôms chjis tojt toh jròjhfefam`jeofrmzfi grfc Ximt > njths grfc toh èmcjtm` fptmcucfg toh thcphrjth pojsh mi womò toh uimt wjs nhpfsmthn.

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Gfur efhss-sjcpehs grfc toh bjsh fg toh Qhmòshemji nhpfsmts whrh`feeh`thn nurmia jròjhfefam`je hx`jvjtmfis mi toh Bhevínïrh pmtihhr Cjjstrmòt, ôh sjcpehs whrh jijeyshn gfr tohmr cfeeus`ji

`fithit. J òjrj`thrmstm` efhss gjuij wjs gfuin womò wjs `fcpf-shn fg shvhi ejinsijmes [\upmeej - gjuij) jin hmaot hqujtmh sph`mhs.ôh jimcjes cust ojvh emvhn uinhr phrmaej`mje `finmtmfis mi jtuinrj-emkh ejins`jph.

MI^RFNX@^MFIôh gjuij nmsùsshn ohrh wjs `feeh`thn mi :=?0 jin:=?> nurmia toh jròhfefam`je hx`jvjtmfis fg smth H(sjiipeh : jin 2), bhtwhhi smth A jin @ (sjcpeh 0)jin ihjr smth A (sjcpeh >). ôh smtujtmfi fg tohshjrhjs ms aevhi by Rfhbrfhks (:=?8). ôh sohees whrhgfuin jt toh bjsh fg toh Qhmòshemji efhss nhpfsmts( 3 bjsh uimt 7). Mi toh omaohr efhss nhpfsmts cfeeus`swhrh ift prhshit fr whrh fiey gfuin mi scje! iuc-bhrs. Wjinhibhraoh ht. je. (:=?8) amvh j nhs`rmptmfifg toh shnmchits mi toh pmt.

Jetfahtohr jbfut j ojeg cY fg ji up tf :< `c tom`kejyhr fg rhn-brfwi, `je`jrhfus, gmih-sjiny efjc wjs

jijeyshn (sjcpeh :). Grfc toms ejyhr jt smth H, jt tohbjsh fg toh efhss, bfih jin jrthgj`ts ojvh jesf bhhi`feeh`thn. Pjcpeh 2, fiey <,: ncY, wjs tjkhi grfc jscjee arjvhe ejyhr mi j nhpfsmt fg 28 `c jbfvh tohefjc fg sjcpeh :. ôms ejyhr `fismsts fg yheefw-brfwi-arhy, `je`jrhfus efhss-efjc. Pjcpeh 0 (`mr`j 8ncY) jin > (`mr`j ? ncY) whrh smtujthn twf chthrsjbfvh toh efhss-bjsh jin whrh tjkhi grfc j yheefw,`je`jrhfus efhss.

ôh sjcpehs whrh smhvhn wmto wjthr. ôh grj`tmfijbfvh <,8 cc wjs jijeyshn.

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ôh jutofr tojiks K. Arfhihinmdk, D. \. nh Qjrrmcfit jin ^. vjiKfegsòfthi gfr `feeh`tmia toh sjcpehs, ^. Chmdhr gfr Mnhitmgm`jtmfi\msmnmuc subtrui`jtuc jin Q. Rfhbrfhks (toh hx`jvjtfr ) gframvmia jnnmtmfije Migfrcjtmfi.

ÔH CFEEXP@P FG ÔH EFHPPôh sph`mhs gfuin jrh ifthn mi tjbeh :.

sph`mhs sjcpeh 4 : 2 0

ejinsijmes\upmeej cus`fruc (Emiií, :18?)Emcj`mnjh "scjee"ôòmj omspmnj (Emiií, :18?)Fxyefcj `g hehajis (Rmssf, :?27)

Wjeefiej `fstjtj (Cueehr, :11>)Pu``mihj fbefiaj Nrjpj rijun, :?<:Ohem`mafij jrbustfruc (Emiií, :18?)

grhsowjthr sijmesAyrjueus j`rfimùs (Gírrussj`, :?<1)Ptjaim`fej pjeustrms (Cueehr, :11>)Rjnmx phrharj (Cueehr, :11>)\ejifrbms pejifrbms (Emiií, :18?)Ajmbj trui`jtuej (Cuee hr, :11>)Jimsus ehu`fstfcus (Cme eht, :?:0)

grhsowjthr cusshes\msmnmuc subtrui`jtuc Cje c, :?88\msmnmuc fbtusjeh ejppfimùc

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Cfeeus`s grfc toh bjsh fg toh

tofusjins.

ôh sohees jrh cfstey vhry whee prhshrvhn. ôh `fcbm-ijtmfi fg thrrhstrmje jin jqujtm` sph`mhs mi toh sjchnhpfsmts (sjcpeh : jin 2) prfvhs tojt trjispfrt ojspejyhn j rfeh. M prhsuch ofwhvhr tojt toms ojs f`ùr-rhn fvhr sofrt nmstji`hs wmtomi toh sjch hivmrfichit. Mi toh nhpfsmt grfc womò sjcpeh 0 jin > whrh`feeh`thn trjispfrt shhcs ehss mcpfrtjit. Ohrh tohthrrhstrmje jin jqujtm` sph`mhs jrh ift cmxhn jin jesftoh thrtmjry cfeeus`s jrh jbshit.

HIWMRFICHI^^jbeh : sofws tojt toh ejingjuij ms rhprhshithn byshvhi jin toh grhsowjthrgjuij by hmaot sph`mhs. Gmrst-

ey M wmee amvh j sofrt succjry fg toh ojbmtjt fg tohshjimcjes.

\upmeej cus`fruc ms j scjee sijme womò `ji bh fg-thi gfuin mi ejrah iucbhrs mi hxtrhch `finmtmfis. Mtemvhs uinhr cfmst tf vhry nry `finmtmfis mi fphi ejins`jphs. Gfr hxjcpeh mi arjssejin wmto ji uistjbehsurgj`h. Emcj`mnjh "scjee" mièunhs j arfup fg scjeeseuasph`mhs. Ji Mnhitmgm`jtmfi bjshn upfi toh pejthsms ift rhjeey pfssmbeh. \rfbjbey tohy bhefia tf j sph`mhs fg Nhrf`hrjs. ôhsh seuas emvh mi jee kmins fgnjcp pej`hs. ^rmòmj omspmnj jin Pu``mihj fbefiajf`ùr mi j wmnh vjrmhty fg vhahtjtmfis4 cfmst jin nry,fphi jin sojnhn. Jesf tohy `ji bh gfuin mi qumth nmgghrhit hivmrfichits; grfc nry arjssy pej`hs tf cfmst

wffns. Fxyefcj hehajis ms ji jimcje womò rhqumrhsnjcp ojbmtjts, fgthi emvmia jefia wjthr. Wjeefiej`fstjtj emvhs mi j wmnh vjrmhty fg ojbmtjts, gfr hxjcpehcjrsoy pej`hs, nry òjekarjssejins jin wffns, Ohem-

`mafij jrbustfruc ms cfst `fccfi mi rmvhr vjeehys,but jesf emvhs jefia rfjnsmnhs, uinhr sorubs jin,hsph`mjeey mi `fen jrhjs, mi fphi ojbmtjts. AjMbj trui `jtuej emvhs mi scjee, stjaijit bfnmhs fg wjthr,(òjek)cjrsohs fr fi toh njcp cun jt toh cjramis fgejrahr wjthr`furshs. Emkh Jimsus ehu`fstfcus, jijimcje fg scjee bfnmhs fg stjaijit wjthr jin cjrsoybjiks, AjMbj trui`jtuej `ji survmvh toh nrymia up fgets ojbmtjt. Bfto jrh òjrj`thrmstm` gfr pffes jin bjikswomò nry up phrmfnm`jeey. Ptjaim`fej pjeustrms jinRjnmx phrharj `ji jesf survmvh phrmfns fg nrfuaot,but tohsh twf emvh jesf mi nhhphr wjthr fr mi toh seuaamso pjrts fg rmvhrs. Ayrjueus j`rfimùs jin \ejifrbmspejifrbms emvh mi seuaamso jin stjaijit, ahihrjeey pejitrmò wjthrs fg nmgghrhit nmchismfis. \msmnmuc subtrui `jtuc `ji bh gfuin mi qumth nmgghrhit typhs fg wjthr.ôh tuinrj-gfrc ejppfimùc fg \msmnmuc fbtusjeh f`-ùrs tfnjy mi `fen jrhjs (I. Jchrm`j, I. P`jinmijvmj,Pmbhrmj). ôh jimcjes emvh mi cjrsohs jin bfas mistjaijit emtteh pffes, cjrsoy bjiks, ht`.

Qohi wh ifw `fismnhr toh jsshcbejah js j wofehtohi toh arhjt iucbhr fg sohees fg toh ejinsijme \upme ej cus`fruc ms hsph mjeey strmkmia. \upmeej cus`fruc,

Emcj`mnjh jin ^rmòmj omspmnj tfahtohr gfrc toh cjmi

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Ximt >4 Hivmrfichit

Js `ji bh nhnu`hn grfc toh jrtmèhs fg Wji Kfegsòfthi (:=?8) jin Chmdhr (:=?8), `fismnhrjbeh migfrcj-tmfi ojs bhhi `feeh`thn jbfut toh hivmrfichit miwomò pjejhfemtom` phfpeh nms`jrnhn toh jròjhfefam-`je rhiijmis rhvmhwhn jbfvh.

Gjuij! rhcjmis `feeh`thn grfc toh gmih-arjmihn geu-vmjtmeh nhpfsmts (Ximt >) minm`jth tojt wjrc-thcphrjth`finmtmfis prhvjmehn nurmia toh gfrcjtmfi fg tohsh nhpfsmts. Cfrh toji 1< sph`mhs fg jqujtm` jin thrrhstrmjecfeeus`s ojvh bhhi mnhitmgmhn by Chmdhr. Wji Kfeg-sòfthi's stuny fg toh vhrthbrjth gjuij `frrfbjthstoh mcjah fg "mithraej`mje" `finmtmfis nurmia nhpfsmtmfi fg toh shnmchits; toh gjuij `fcprmshs shvhrje gmsosph`mhs, j tfrtfmsh (Hcys frbmùejrms), j bmrn, gfur nmgghrhit sph`mhs fg sorhw cm`h, j squmrrhe, gmvh ftohr rf-nhits, ohnahofa, hehpojit, romif`hrfs, j amjit nhhr,rhn nhhr jin rfh nhhr.

Fih fg toh sh`tmfis sjcpehn gfr cjej`fefam`je jij-eysms wjs smtujthn jt toh ifrtohjsthri pjrt fg Pmth @(shh4 Chmdhr, :=?8)4 toh ifrtohri pjrt fg Pmth @, wmto

j vhry efw jrtmgj`t nhismty, cust ojvh bhhi `fvhrhnby (sfch) wjthr `fistjitey. ôh rhst fg toh smth wjsnrmhr, but surrfuinhn by cfmst tf vhry wht nhprhss-mfis. Jt omaohr hehvjtmfis toh rmvhrbjik wjs pfpuejthnwmto sojnh-amvmia vhahtjtmfi. Gurtohr jwjy grfc tohrmvhrbjik toh cfeeus`ji jsshcbejah minm`jths j nh`m-nufus gfrhst. Hjrtowfrc gfssmes minm`jth j tom`k sfmevhahtjtmfi fg arjsshs jin ohrbs mi toh fphi thrrjmijin nhish uinhrarfwto mi toh gfrhsthn jrhjs.

ôh cjej`fefam`je jijeysms gurtohrcfrh sofws tojttoh oucji f`ùpjtmfi jt Pmth @ tffk pej`h whee jgthrtoh bhamiimia fg toh wjrc-thcphrjth pojsh mi womòtoh Ximt > shnmchits whrh nhpfsmthn, cfrh sph`mgm`je-ey mi toh èmcjtm` fptmcuc fg toms wjrc thcphrjth

pojsh (Chmdhr, :=?8).

Ximt >4 Njtmia

Mi jnnmtmfi tf mts ahfefam`je jssf`mjtmfi wmto toh ihxt-tf-yfuiahst Cmnnmh ^hrrj`h fg toh rmvhr Cjjs toh jahfg Ximt > jin toh jssf`mjthn jròjhfefam`je jin gjuijerhcjmis ojs bhhi jsshsshn by chjis fg bmfstrjtmarj-poy (vji Kfegsòfthi, :=?8) jin toh Ê njtmia thòim-quh (Ouxtjbeh & Jmtkhi, :=?8).

Wji Kfegsòfthi's rhshjrò jeefws us tf pej`h tohXimt > jsshcbejahs mi j wjrc-thcphrjth pojsh bh-twhhi toh Ofesthmimji mithraej`mje jin toh jnvji`h fgtoh Pjjemji m`h-sohht mi toh @hitrje Ihtohrejins. C.D. Jmtkhi jin D. Ouxtjbeh ojvh cjnh ji minhphinhitjsshsschit fg toh jah fg toms wjrc-thcphrjth pojshwmto toh Ê njtmia thòimquh, jppemhn fi burihn gemitsgrfc Ximt >. ôhmr prhemcmijry jah nhthrcmijtmfi amvhstoh Ximt > jsshcbejahs ji jah fg 21< º 22 kj (Ouxtjbeh & Jmtkhi, :=?8).

Nmsùssmfi Ximt >

ôh hivmrfichit nhpm`thn jbfvh cust ojvh bhhivhry jttrj`tmvh tf toh pjejhfemtom` ouithr-ajtohrhrs4jbuinjit rjw cjthrmjes gfr tffes, pehity fg grhso wjthr jin j vjrmhty fg gmso sph`mhs gfr gffn mi toh rmvhr,

romif's, nhhr jin hehpojits arjzmia fi toh geffnpejmi

fr mi toh ihjrby s`rubs jin gfrhsts. ôh cjrsoy thrrjmi cust ojvh bhhi ji mnhje ef`jtmfi gfr ouitmia ejr-ahrjimcjes, womò `fuen bh nrmvhi mitf toh mccfbmemz-mia cmrh. Pmth @, wohrh fiey j emcmthn iucbhr fgbfihs ojs bhhi gfuin, cjy ojvh gui`tmfihn js j pej`h wohrh jimcjes, kmeehn ihjrby, whrh pjrtmjeey prf`hs-shn jin tohi tjkhi jwjy tf j "bjsh-`jcp". ôh spj-tmje nmstrmbutmfi fg toh jrtmgj`ts jin toh ejrah iucbhrfg ui- fr ojrney utmemzhn gejkhs minm`jth tojt toh f`ù

pjtmfi fg toh smth wjs prfbjbey fg vhry sofrt nurjtmfi.ôh Pmth B gmins rhprhshit j`tmvmtmhs rhejthn tf Pmth @fr toh rhcjmis fg jiftohr vmsmt tf toms rhamfi, hqujeeyjtthsthn by toh gemitkijppmia j`tmvmtmhs jt Pmth G. ôjtpjejhfemtom` phfpeh whrh grhquhit vmsmtfrs tf toh rhamfi nurmia toh nhpfsmtmfi fg Ximt > shnmchits wjsnhcfistrjthn jajmi jt toh hin fg :=?>, wohi jt PmthA, cfst fg womò ojn bhhi nhstrfyhn by qujrrymiaj`tmvmtmhs, :8 cY `fuen bh "hx`jvjthn"4 gmvh jrtmgj`ts(mièunmia toh smnhs`rjphr meeustrjthn mi gma. 1) whrhgfuin mi jssf`mjtmfi wmto vhry whee prhshrvhn bfihgrjachits, sfch òjr`fje geh`ks jin twf burihngemits. Jcfiast toh gjuije rhcjmis - whee prhshrvhnbh`jush fg toh prhshi`h fg toh `je`jrhfus Ximt >` fitfp fg toh gmiharjmihn Cjjs nhpfsmts - Wji Kfegsòfthi mnhitmgmhn romif`hrfs jin nhhr. ôh rhsuets fgtoh :=?8 hx`jvjtmfi jt Pmth A ojvh ift bhhi mi`frpf-rjthn mi toms jrtmèh.

XIM^ 8

Ximt 8.:.

Pfgjr fiey msfejthn gejkhs ojvh bhhi gfuin mi Ximt 8.:.Ximt 8.: wjs nhpfsmthn jgthr hrfsmfi fg pjehfsfe M, mitoh mistjbeh pojsh fg toh sh`fin K-`yèh (Wjinhi-bhraoh ht je., :=?8, Cõòhr, :=?8).

Ximt 8.2.

ôh shnmchitjtmfi fg toh efjcs fg Ximt 8.2. - fi tfp

Gma. 1, Ximt >4 Pmth A, Pmnh-s`rjphr. P`jeh :4:,

::8



js `jushn by oucji wfre5mia (shh jesf Wji Kfegsòfthi, :=?8).

Amvhi toms jsshsschit, toh prhnfcmiji`h fg yfuiaminmvmnujes jcfia toh chajgjuij jeefws us tf mighrtojt jt ehjst sfch fg toh gjuije rhcjmis jrh jssf`mj-thn wmto toh stfih mcpehchits jin tohrhgfrh rhprhshit j pfrtmfi fg toh tffecjkhr's nmht.

\rfvmsmfijeey toh jròjhfefam`je jsshcbejah fg PmthH ms mithrprhthn js toh prfnu`t fg fih fr cfrh vmsmtsfg ejth Cmnnmh \jejhfemtom` phfpeh tf toh bfrnhr fg tohCmnnmh ^hrrj`h fg toh Cjjs. ôh j`tmvmtmhs fg tohsharfups jrh, j``frnmia tf toh ùrrhit syitohsms fg tohgjuije jijeysms (cfeeus`s4 Kumdphr, :=?8; cjccjes4Wji Kfegsòfthi, :=?8) tf bh pej`hn mi j tuinrj-emkhhivmrfichit. J``frnmia tf Wji Kfegsòfthi toh gjuij ojs tf bh pej`hn mi ji hjrey pjrt fg toh Qhmòshem-ji.

J``frnmia tf Chmds (:=?8) ofwhvhr, mi vmhw fg tohohjvy cmihrje `fithit fg toh cjtrmx fg toh jròjhfefam`je jin gjuije jsshcbejah, shnmchitjtmfi fg tohgmin ejyhr tffk pej`h mi toh Cmnnmh Qhmòshemji. Mi:=?0 jt Khsshet (Bheamuc), `j >.8 kc whst fg Bhevínï

rh, j smth `fcpjrjbeh tf smth H wjs nms`fvhrhn bychcbhrs fg toh Bhevínïrh wfrkmia arfup, jin subsh-quhitey hx`jvjthn by toh @jtofem` Ximvhrsmty fg Ehuvhi (Ejuwhrs & Chmds, :=?8).

Omaohr up mi Ximt 7.0 j ghw ohjvmey pjtmijthn gejkhsojvh bhhi `feeh`thn grfc ji hrfsmfi ehvhe bhefw tohOfrmzfi fg Ijahebhhk

@FI@EXPMFIPôh jròjhfefam`je rhshjrò, `finu`thn by toh Mistm-tuth fg \rhomstfry fg Ehmnhi Ximvhrsmty, fg toh qujthr-ijry nhpfsmts mi toh Cjjstrmòt-Bhevínïrh pmt ojs ui-`fvhrhn j rhejtmvhey rmò shrmhs fg jròjhfefam`je jin

gjuije rhcjmis.Mi 1 nmgghrhit strjtmarjpom`je pfsmtmfis ùeturje rh

cjmis ojvh bhhi gfuin, f``jsmfijeey jssf`mjthn wmtogjuije rhcjmis.

Jt ehjst pjrt fg toh rmò gjuije jsshcbejah gfuin jtPmth H, jt toh bjsh fg Ximt 7, ms mithrprhthn js rhprh-shitmia j pfrtmfi fg toh nmht fg toh ouithr-ajtohrhrswof prfnu`hn toh Cmnnmh \jejhfemtom` gemit jsshcbejah gfuin jt Pmth H. \jejhfitfefam`je jsshsschit fgtoh gjuij minm`jths j Hjrey Qhmòshemji jah gfr tohgfrcjtmfi fg toh jròjhfefam`je jsshcbejah.

ôh cfst mcpfrtjit emtofstrjtmarjpom` uimt, bftogrfc toh jròjhfefam`je jin toh pjejhfitfefam`je

pfmit fg vmhw, ms Ximt >, mi womò Pmth @ wjs smtujthn.ôh gjuije jsshcbejah grfc Ximt > jin toh Ê njtmiafg burihn gemits grfc toms uimt pej`hs toh Cmnnmh \jejhfemtom` minustry grfc Pmth @ èhjrey mi j prh-Hhcmjiwjrc-thcphrjth pojsh, mi toh 21< º22 kj tmch rjiah.

ôh njtj `feeh`thn grfc Ximt > hijbeh us tf rh-`fistru`t toh hivmrfichit js whee js toh bhojvmfur fghjrey Cmnnmh \jejhfemtom` arfups.

Mi rh`hit yhjrs shvhrje smths ojvh bhhi pubemsohngrfc toh sjch tmch rjiah js Bhevínïrh Ximt >. Mi tohIhtohrejins, gfr mistji`h, toh rmò smths mi toh ihmao-bfuroffn fg Rohihi, nms`fvhrhn mi toh :=1<-s by tohjcjthur-jròjhfefamsts Grjisshi jin Qfuthrs (:=1?;

Ptjphrt, :=?:) whrh gfrchn bhgfrh toh jrrmvje fg toh

Pjjemji m`h sohht. ôh Bheamji smth fg Chsvmi (@johi& Ojhsjhrts, :=?>) ms tf bh pej`hn mi jbfut toh sjchòrfifefam`je `fithxt, dust emkh ejyhr : fg toh Ahrcjismth Jrmhinfrg, Ihuwmhnhr Bh`khi (ûrihr, mi prhss).

Fiey j ghw fg tohsh "prh-Hhcmji" smths, ofwhvhr,`ji bh `fismnhrhn tf bh mi prmcjry jròjhfefam`je`fithxt. Fg toms ejst `jthafry Bmezmiasehbhi (AhrcjiNhcf`rjtmh Rhpubem`) ms `fismnhrhn fenhr toji tohCjjstrmòt-Bhevínïrh Ximt > smths, bh`jush Jrvm`fej`jitmjij ms prhshit jt Bmezmiasehbhi, wohrhjs tohcfrh hvfevhn J. `jitmjij/thrrhstrms f`ùrs miCjjstrmòt-Bhevínïrh Ximt > (vji Kfegsòfthi, :=?8).

J``frnmia tf toh "Ji/m`fej-U'Uih" Bmjòh Pt. Wjjst(Ifrtohri Grji`h) sofuen bh yfuiahr toji tohCjjstrmòt-Bhevínïrh Ximt > smths, jetofuao toh prh-shi`h fg J. thrrhstrms ms nfùchithn jt Bmjòh fiey byfih hehchit (J. ûggrhju, phrs. `fcc. :=?>). @frrf-bfrjtmia hvmnhi`h, ofwhvhr, `fchs grfc toh Ê jahfg Bmjòh. Jmtkhi ht je. (mi prhss.) pej`h toh smth jt :18º:0 kj.

ôh Jrvm`fej's prhshit mi toh gjuije jsshcbejahgrfc toh Efwhr ^rjvhrtmihs fg toh prfemgm` smth Hormias-

nfrg (Ahrcji Nhcf`rjtmh Rhpubem`) hijbehn WjiKfegsòfthi (:=?8) tf pej`h toh Efwhr ^rjvhrtmihs mibhtwhhi Bmezmiasehbhi jin Bmjòh Pt. Wjjst, mi tohsjch rhejtmvh pfsmtmfi js toh Cjjstrmòt-BhevínïrhXimt > smths.

Gma. = amvhs j sòhcjtm` fg toh òrfifefam`je rhejtmfis fg toh smths nmsùsshn jbfvh tfahtohr wmto tohsmth fg Ej @ftth Pt. Brhejnh, ejyhrs @ jin N4 (FxÊ20? º08 kj `g. @jeefw, mi prhss).

@fitrjry tf toh smths chitmfihn jbfvh, toh Ximt >shnmchits jt Cjjstrmòt-Bhevínïrh `fitjmi vhry gmiharjmihn (shisu4 Bmigfrn, :=?2) ùeturje jsshcbejahs,prfnu`hn nurmia j brmhg phrmfn fg j`tmvmty, rjrhey nfùchithn mi Efwhr jin Cmnnmh \jejhfemtom` jròjhfef-

ay-

P^ WJJP^:18 º :0 kjP^ WJJP^:18 º :0 kj

HORMIAPNFRG(Efwhr ^rjvhrech)

JRMHINFRG:Ejyhr ::

C^R-BHEWÏNÄRHXimt > 21< º22 kj

EJ @F^^H20? º 07 kj

BMETMIAPEHBHIBMETMIAPEHBHI

Gma. =. Nmjarjc fg toh òrfifefam`je rhejtmfisomps fg toh jròjhfefam`je smths Jrmhinfrg (Ejyhr :), Bmjòh Pt, Wjjst, Hormiasnfrg(Efwhr ^rjvhrtmih), Bmezmiasehbhi, Ej @ftth Pt. Brhejnh (ejyhrs @jin N) jin Cjjstrmòt-Bhevínïrh (Ximt >). ôh sòhcjtm` ms bjshnfi toh bmfstrjtmarjpoy fg toh Jrvm`fej emih (vji Kfegs òfth i, :=?8)

jin Fxgfrn Ê njtmia fg burihn gemits (Jmtkhi ht je., mi prhss.M.

::1



J@KIFQEHNAHCHI^P

Gfr toh rhjemzjtmfi fg toms jrtmèh M fwh j arhjt nhbt tf K. Arfhihinmdk, \. Ohiihkhis jin D. \. nh Qjrrmcf it gfr mohmr `f istjit ohepjin stmcuejtmi a nmsùssmfis. ^. vji Kfegsòfthi jin O. D . Cõòhrrhjn jin cjnh `fistru`tmvh `fcchi ts fi hjremhr nrjgts fg tomspjphr. D . Ihnhrefg prhpjrhn toh meeustrjtmfis, womeh P. Efvmia hnmthntoh Hiaemso thxt. ôh rhshjrò `fuen ift ojvh tjkhi pej`h wm tof utgmiji`mje suppfrt grfc toh Ihtohrejins Frajimzjtmfi gfr toh Jnvji-`hchit fg \urh Rhshjrò (Jròfi Nmsshrtjtmfi Arjit :20-2:-<<1),toh Cuim`mpje Phrvm`h gfr Jròjhf efam`je Rhshjr o Cjjstrmòt jin

toh \rfvmi`h fg Emcbura. Cr. G. Befc, toh cjijahr fg toh cmimiafphrjtmfis mi toh pmt, ms tf bh tojikhn gfr oms `ffphrjtmfi jin phr-cmssmfi tf hx`jvjth.

RHGHRHI@HP

Jm^KHI, C. D. , D . Oux^JBEH & I . @. NHBHIOJrY, mi prhss4 ôhrcfeu -cmihs`hi`h njtmia mi toh \jejhfemtom`4 buri hn gemi t, stje jacmtm``je`mth, jin shnmchit. „ Bueehtmi J.G.H.Z.

JR\P, @. P., Q . OHMDIHI & Q. RFHBRFHKP, mi prhp.4 Jijeysms fg oh-

cjtmth grfc Cjjstrmòt-Bhevínïrh.BmIGFRN, E. R., :=?24 ôh jròjhfefay fg pej`h. - Dfurije fg

Jitorfpfefam`je Jròjhfefay :, 8-0:.BfsmIPKm, A., :=?24 ôh trjismtmfi E fwhr /Cmn nmh \jejhfemtom mi

Ifrtowhsthri Ahrcjiy. Mi4 J . Rfohi (hn.), ôh trjismtmfi grfcEfwhr tf Cmnnmh \jejhfemtom` jin toh frmami fg cfnhri cji. BJR

Mithrijtmfije Phrmhs :8:, :78-:18.BXÊHR, B. H., :=8=4 \hrmfnm` pohifchij mi ejins`jphs js j bjsms

gfr sfme stunmhs. @.P.M.R.F., Justrjemj Pfme \ube.@JOHI, N. He". \. OJHPJHR^P (hn.), :=?>4 \hupehs òjsshurs nh ej

Bheamquh njis ehur `jnrh ijturhe. „ Bruxheehs.@JEEFQ, \. , mi prhss4 ôh Pjjemji minustrmhs fg Ej @ftth nh Pjmit-

Brhejnh, Dhrshy (@ojiihe Msejins). - Bueehtmi J.G.H.Z.GRJIPPHI, @. D . O . Ht J. C. QFX^HRP, :=1?4 Bhkifpt vffrefpma

vhrseja fvhr oht Fun-\jejhfemtomùc mi Ihnhrejin. M. Ahenhrsh hiXtrhòtsh stuwwjeehi. - Jròjh fefamsò h Bhr. if. >, >-0?.

OJHPJHR^P, \., H. DXWMAIÍ, F. P. KX]E, O. D . CÕ@OHR Ht Q. RFH

BRFHKP, :=?:4 @fcpth rhinu nh e'hxùrsmfi nu :0 dumi :=?:, hi

Ohsbjyh ht ju Emcbfura Iíhrejinjms, `fisj`ríh j ej òrfifstrj-tmarjpomh nhs efhss nu pehmstf`íih supírmhur. „ Jiijehs Pf`.Aífe. Bhea. :<>, 220-2><.

OfRP@O, O. & M. KHHPCJI, :=?24 Nmh Hmshihrzh vfc PmhneuiaspejtzEjiawhmehr ?. „ Jròjfefamsòhs Kfrr. be. :2, :>8-:8:.

OX_^JBEH, D . & C. D. JM^KHI, :=?84 ôhrcfeucmihs`hi`h njtmiarhsuets gfr toh pjejhfemtom` smth Cjjstrmòt-Bheví nïrh. „ Chnhnhemiahi Rmdks Ahfe. Nmhist, 0=, :, >:->>.

MsJJ@, A. E., :=714 ^fwjrns toh mithrprhtjtmfi fg f`ùpjtmfi nh-

brms4 sfch hxphrmchits jin fbshrvjtmfis. „ Krfhbhr Jito rfp.Pf`. \jphrs 01, 0:-81.

KFEGP@OF^HI, ^ . WJI, :=?84 ôh Cmnnmh \ehmstf`íih (Pjjemji) jinEjth \ehmstf`íih (Qhmòshemji) cjccje gjuijs grfc Cjjstrmòt-Bhevínïrh (Pfutohri Emcbura, ôh Ihtohrejins). - Chnhnhemiahi Rmdks Ahfe. Nmhist 0=, :, >8-1>.

KXX\HR, Q . D . , :=?84 Cjej`fefa m`je rhshjrò fg Qhmòshemji nhpf-smts jt toh Cjjstrmòt-Bhevínïrh pmt. - Chnhnhemi ahi Rmdks Ahfe.Nmhist 0=, :, :<8-:<?.

EJXQHRP, R. Ht H. CHMDP, :=?84 Hmi cmtthepjejfemtomsòhr Guinpejtz

mi Khsshet (\rfv. Emcbura, Bheamhi). Hrsth Hrahbimssh. „ Jròjfefamsòhs Kfrr. be. :8, :20-:2=.

CHMDHR, ^., :=?84 ôh prh-Qhmòshemji ifi-cjrmih cfeeus`ji gjuij grfc Cjjstrmòt-Bhevínïrh (Pfutohri Emcbura, toh Ihtohrejins. - Chnhnhemia hi Rmdks Ahfe. Nmhist 0=, :, 18-:<>.

CHMDP, H. \. C. , :=?84 Efhss strjtmarjpom`je rhshjrò jt toh pjejhfemtom` smth Cjjstrmòt-Bhevínïrh. „ Chnhnhemia hi Rmdks Ahfe.Nmhist, 0=-:, 0:-0>.

CÕ@OHR, O. D . , :=?84 Cm`rf cfrpofefam`je stuny fg toh thrrj`hsjins (Ximt >) jin "Efj cs" (Ximt 8) jin tohmr pjejhfsfes mi toh

Bhevínïrh pmt ihjr Cjjstr mòt, Pf utohri Emc bura , ôh Ihtohrejins. - Chnhnhemia hi Rmdks Ahfe. Nmhist, 0=, :, :=-0<.

CFNNHRCJI, \. D . R. Ht Q. RFHBRFHKP, :=?:4 Cjjstrmòt-

Bhevínïrh. - Bueehtmi K.I. F.B. ?<, :72-:71.RFHBRFHKP, Q . , :=?>4 ôh cmnneh-pj ejhfemtom` smth Cjj strmòt-

Bhevínïrh (Pfutohri Emcbura, toh Ihtohrejins). J prhemcmijryrhpfrt. - Ohemimuc 2>, 0-:1.

RFHBRFHKP, Q . , :=?84 ôh Cjjstrmòt-B hevínïrh rhshjrò4 mitrf-nu`tmfi. „ Chnhnhemia hi Rmdks Ahfe. Nmhist, 0=- :, 0-7.

RFHBRFHKP, Q . , ^. WJI KFEGP@OF^HI, ^ . CHMDHR, H. CHMDP Ht O. D.

CÕ@OHR, :=?04 Nhr cmtthepj ejfemto msòh Guinpejtz Cjjstrmò t-Bhevínïrh (PmDn-Emcbura, Imhnhrejinh). - JròjfefamsòhsKfrr. be . :0, :-=.

P^J\HR^, N., :=?:4 Jròjhfefa m`je rhshjrò mi toh Kwmitheffyhipmt, cuim`mpjemty fg Rohihi, toh Ihtohrejins. „ ChnhnhemiahiRmdks Ahfe. Nmhist I.P. 08, 2<>-222.

^XGGRHJX, J . , :=?24 ôh trjismtmfi E fwhr/ CmnnM h \jejhfemtom` miifrtohri Grji`h. - mi4 J. Rfihi (hn.), ôh trjisemtmfi grfc Ef

whr tf Cmnnmh \jejhfemtom` jin toh frmami fg cfnhri cji. BJRMithrijtmfije Phrmhs :8:, :01-:8:.

^XRIHR, H., mi prhss4 ôh :=?:-:=?0 hx`jvjtmfi s mi toh KjrePòihmnhr qujrry, Jrmhinfrt, Qhst Ahrcjiy. - BueehtmiJ.G.H.Z.

WJINHIBHRAOH, D ., O. D . CX@OHR, Q . RFHBRFHKP & N. AHCKH,

:=?84 Emtofstrjtmarjpoy jin pjejhfhivmrfichit fg toh pehmstf`íih nhpfsmts jt Cjjstrmòt-Bhevínïrh, Pfutohri Emcbur a, toh Ihtohrejins. - Chnh n. Rmdks Ahfe. Nmhist, 0=, :, 1-:?.

::?



> nhpfsmts. Mi toms vfeuch Ouxtjbeh jin Jmtkhi (:=?8)ojvh pubemsohn j Ê jah nhthrcmijtmfi fg 1 buritgemits grfc Ximt >4 21< º 22 kj (FxÊ 1:2k). ôms ms misjtmsgj`tfry jarhhchit w mto j prfvmsmfije HPR jah nhthrcmijtmfi fi cfeeus`s grfc Ximt >4 22< º >< kj(phrs. `fcc. R. Arõi & F. Kjtzhibhrahr, K÷ei,:=?8).

ôhsh njths minm`jth - minhphinhitey grfc toh

bmfstrjtmarjpom`je hvmnhi`h - tojt toh wjrc-thcphrjthpojsh nfùchithn mi Ximt > ojs tf bh pej`hn whee bh-gfrh toh Hhcmji mithraej`mje phrmfn. Bmfstrjtmarjpom`jejijeysms gurtohrcfrh pej`hs toh gjuij! jsshcbejahsgrfc Ximt > jgthr toh Ofesthmimji mithraej`mje.

ôhrh jrh j iucbhr fg pjejhfemtom` smths mi IfrtohriHurfph womò wh mithrprht js ojvmia jbfut toh sjchjah js toh Cjjstrmòt-Bhevínïrh Ximt > jsshcbejahs.Fih fg toh cfst whee-kifwi ms Hormiasnfrg (AhrcjiNhcf`rjtmh Rhpubem` ), wohrh toh Efwhr ^rjvhrtmihsymhenhn j ihjrey mnhitm`je gjuij (vji Kfegsòfthi,:=?8); X-P njths gfr toh Efwhr ^rjvhrtmihs jndj`hittf toh 'Brjinsòmòthi' amvh ji jvhrjah jah fg 228 º

27 kj (@ffk ht je., :=?2).Fxgfrn Ê jah nhthrcmijtmfi fg burit gemits grfcejyhrs @ jin N grfc Ej @ftth Pt. Brhejnh (Dhrshy,Ximthn Kmianfc) pej`h toh jròhfefam`je jsshcbejahs grfc tohsh ejyhrs mi toh 20? º 08 kj tmch rjiah(@jeefw, :=?8). Bjshn fi toh jbsfeuth jah nhthrcmij-tdfis toh Cjjstrmòt-Bhevínïrh Ximt > jsshcbejahscmaot bh fenhr toji toh smths chitmfihn jbfvh, butèhjrey mi toh sjch strjtmarjpom`je rjiah.

ôh gjuije jsshcbejah grfc gminejyhr : jt Jrmhi-nfrg (Qhsthri Ahrcjiy) minm`jths tojt toh jsshcbejah wjs gfrchn mi j `fen stjah hmtohr dust bhgfrh fr dustjgthr toh Cjjstrmòt-Bhevínïrh Ximt > wjrc-thcphrjth pojsh (ûrihr, mi prhss; vji Kfegsòfthi,

:=?8).Fi bmfstrjtmarjpom`je hvmnhi`h toh smths fg Bme-

zmiasehbhi (Ahrcji Nhcf`rjtmh Rhpubem`) jin Cmh-shiohmc (Qhsthri Ahrcjiy) jrh tf bh pej`hn mi jihjremhr wjrc-thcphrjth pojsh (vji Kfegsòfthi,:=?8). Gfr Bmezmiasehbhi shvhrje njths ojvh bhhi pubemsohn rjiamia grfc 22? -e- :1 kj - :2 kj (Ojrcfi htje., :=?<) tf jahs arhjthr toji 08< kj (@ffk ht je.,:=?2).

Hvmnhitey yfuiahr toji Cjjstrmòt-Bhevínïrh Ximt> ms toh smth fg Bmjòh Pt. Wjjst, bfto fi bmfstrjtmarjpom`je arfuins (@ojemih, :=1?; vji Kfegsòfthi,:=?8) js fi Fxgfrn Ê jah nhthrcmij tmfi4 :18 º :0kj (Jmtkhi ht je., :=?8).

RHGHRHI@HP

JM^KHI, C. D . , D . OX_^JBEH Äg I. @. NHBHIOJC, mi prhss4 ôhrcf

eucmihs`hi`h njtmia mi toh \jejhfemtom`4 burih n gemit, s tjejacmtm``je`mth jin shnmchit. „ Bueehtmi J.G.H.Z.

@JEEFQ, \. , mi prhss4 ôh Pjjemji minustrmhs fg Ej @ftth nh Pjmit-Brhejnh, Dhrshy (@ojiihe Msejins). „ Bueehtmi J.G.H.Z,

@OJEMIH, D . , :=1?4 Ehs Rfiahurs nh Bmjòh-Pjmi t-Wjjst (\js-nh-@jejms) ht ehurs mcpem`jtmfis strjtmarjpomquhs ht èmcjtmquhs. „Bume. Jss. Gr. Ht. Zujt., :8, >>->7.

@FFK, D., @. B. P^RMIAHR, J. \. @XRRJI^, O. \. P@OQJR@T & J. A.QmIÊH, :=?24 J Rhvmhw fg toh @orfifefay fg toh HurfphjiCmnnmh \ehmstf`hih Ofchimn Rh`frn. - ]hjrbffk fg \oysm`jeJitorfpfefay, 28, :=-78.

AuEEHI^F\P, G., :=8>4 @fitrmbutmfis j ej òrfifefamh nu pehmstf`hih ht nhs gfrchs nu rhemhg hi Bheamquh. - Cícfmrhs nh e'eistmtutAhfefamquh nh e'Ximvhrsmtí nh Efuvjmi, :?, :28-282.

OJHPJHR^P, \., H. DXWMAIÏ, F. P. KX]E, O. D . CÕ@OHR & Q. RFH-

BRFHKP, :=?:4 @fcpth rhinu nh e'hxùrsmfi nu :0 dumi :=?:, hiOhsbjyh ht ju Emcbfura Iíhrejinjms, `fisj`ríh ï ej òrfifstrj-tmarjpomh nhs efhss nu \ehmstf`hih Pupírmhur. - Ji i. nh ej Pf`.Aífe. nh Bhea., :<>, 220-2><.

OJRCFI, R. P., D . AEJTHK ? K. IFQJK, :=?<4 20< ô / 20> X nj

tmia fg trjvhrtmih grfc toh Bmezmiasehbhi jròjhf efam`je s mth. -Ijturh 2?>, :02-:08.

OX_^JBEH, D . & C. D . JM^KHI, :=?84 ôhrcfeucmihs`hi`h njtmiarhsuets gfr toh pjejhfemtom` smth Cj jstrmò t-Bhevín ïrh. - Chn.

Rmdks Ahfe. Nmhist, 0 =-: , >:->>.KFEGP@OF^HI, ^ . WJI, :=?84 ôh Cmnnmh \ehmstf`hih (Pjjemji) jin

Ejth \ehmstf`hih (Qhmòshemji) cjccje gjuijs grfc Cjjstrmòt-Bhevínïrh, Pfutohri Emcbura, ôh Ihtohrejins). - Chn . RmdksAhfe. Nmhist, 0= -:, >8-1>.

Kumd\HR, Q., :=?84 Cjej`fefam`je rhshjrò fg Qhmòshemji nhpfsmtsjt toh Cjjstrmòt-Bhevínïrh pmt. „ Chn. Rmdks Ahfe. Nmhist,0=-:, :<8-:<?.

CHMDHR, ^., :=?84 ôh prh-Qhmòshemji ifi-cjrmih cfeeus`ji gjuij grfc Cjjstrmòt-Bhevínïrh (Pfutohri Emcbura, ôh Ihtohrejins). - Chn . Rmdks ahfe. Nmhist, 0= -: , 18-:<>.

CHMDP, H. \. C., :=?84 Efhss strjtmarjpom`je rhshjrò jt toh pjejhfemtom` smth Cjjstrmòt-Bhevínïrh. - Chn. Rmdks Ahfe. Nmhist,0=-:, 0:-0>.

CÕ@OHR, O. D. , :=?84 Cm`rf cfrpofefam` je stuny fg toh thrrj`hsjins (Ximt >) jin 'efjc s' (Ximt 8) jin tohmr pjejhfsfes mi tohBhevínïrh pmt ihjr Cjjstrmòt, Pfutohri Emcbura , ôh Ihtohr

ejins. - Chn . Rmdks Ahfe. Nmhist, 0= -:, :=-0<.RfHBRFHKP, Q., :=?84 Jròjhfefam`je rhshjrò jt ttmh Cjjstrmòt-

Bhevínïrh pmt; j rhvmhw. - Chn. Rmdks Ahfe. Nmhist, 0=- :,:<=-::?.

^XRIHR, H., mi prhss4 ôh :=?:-'?0 hx`jvjtmfis mi toh Kjre P òihm-nhr qujrry, Jrmhinfrg, Qhst Ahrcjiy. - Bume. J.G.H.Z.

WJINHIBHRAOH, D. , O. D. CÕ@OHR, Q . RFHBRFHKP & N. AHCKH,

:=?84 Emtofstrjtmarjpoy jin pjejhfhivmrfichit fg toh pehmstf`hih nhpfsmts jt Cjjstrmòt-Bhevínïrh, Pfutohri Emcbura, ôhIhtohrejins. - Chn . Rmdks Ahfe. Nmhist, 0= -: , 1-:?.

TJAQMDI, Q . O., :=104 \feehijijeytm` stunmhs fg Ofesthmimji jinPjjemji Bhns mi toh Ifrtohri Ihtohrejins. - Chnh n. Rmdks Ahfe.Nmhist I.P. 2>, :0=-:87.

@FI@EXNMIA RHCJRKPôh Zujthrijry shquhi`h jt toh Cjjstrmòt-Bhevínïrh pmt `fitjmis shvhrje jrtmgj`t- jin gfssme bhjrmiaofrmzfis4 toh cfst mcpfr tjit fih minm`jths toh prh-shi`h fg j cjdfr èmcjth fs`meejtmfi fg mithraej`mjeòjrj`thr wmtomi toh Pjjemji fg toh Ihtohrejins. ôhrmò gjuije jsshcbejahs gfuin mi jssf`mjtmfi wmto prm-cjry `fithxt rhcjmis fg oucji j`tmvmtmhs amvh tohCjjstrmòt-Bhevínïrh Ximt > smths ji mcpfrtjit pej`hmi toh Ifrto Hurfphji qujthrijry rhshjrò, njthn bytwf minhphinhit emihs fg hvmnhi`h, bmfstrjtmarjpom`je

jijeysms jin òrfifchtrm` njtmia.

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APL18 Maastricht-Belvédère. Stratigraphy, Palaeoenvironment and Archaeology of the Middle and Late...

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