Name: ______________________ Class: _________________ Date: _________ ID: A

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APES: Water Exam Practice Questions

Multiple ChoiceIdentify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1. Thriving coral reefs requirea. cloudy water.b. cool water.c. dissolved oxygen and nutrients.d. salinity that fluctuates with the tides.e. cold water.

____ 2. All of the following threaten the survival of coral reefs excepta. increased ultraviolet light from stratospheric ozone depletion.b. eroded soil from deforestation and poor land management.c. chemical pollution.d. predation by sharks.e. collection tourists.

____ 3. In your explorations as a marine biologist, you find a new species of algae floating on the surface of a coastal zone. You would most likely classify this species asa. phytoplankton.b. zooplankton.c. benthos.d. nekton.e. decomposer.

____ 4. In a sample from a mud flat, you observe cyanobacteria under the microscope. You are most likely to classify this organism asa. phytoplankton.b. zooplankton.c. benthos.d. nekton.e. decomposer.

____ 5. On a fishing boat, someone catches a swordfish. You would most likely classify this species as a member of thea. phytoplankton.b. zooplankton.c. benthos.d. nekton.e. decomposer.

____ 6. All of the following organisms would be considered part of the benthos excepta. cod.b. lobster.c. oysters.d. sand worms.e. crabs.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 7. An aquatic environmenta. concentrates toxic metabolic wastes.b. increases fluctuations in temperature.c. increases chances of overheating.d. dissolves nutrients and makes them readily available.e. All of these answers.

____ 8. Populations of organisms living in aquatic life zones may be limited bya. access to light.b. nutrient availability.c. dissolved oxygen.d. All of these answers.e. None of these answers.

____ 9. Oxygen in the water varies widely because ofa. number of producers.b. number of decomposers.c. temperature.d. number of consumers.e. All of these answers.

____ 10. The major types of flora and fauna found in aquatic ecosystems are determined primarily bya. temperatureb. salinityc. pHd. dissolved oxygene. light

____ 11. Zooplankton area. primary consumers.b. secondary consumers.c. tertiary consumers.d. a and b only.e. a, b, and c.

____ 12. You are scuba diving in the Atlantic Ocean and find a new diatom you classify as phytoplankton. One piece of your supporting evidence for this classification is that you found the diatom in thea. euphotic zoneb. bathyl zonec. profundal zoned. disphotic zonee. benthic zone

____ 13. Oceans cover about ____ of the earth's surface.a. 50%b. 60%c. 70%d. 80%e. 90%

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 14. The ocean zone that covers the continental shelf is thea. estuary.b. coastal zone.c. littoral zone.d. benthic zone.e. abyssal zone.

____ 15. The open sea contains ____% of the surface area of the oceans and ____% of its plant and animal life.a. 95 . . . 5b. 90 . . . 10c. 90 . . . 25d. 80 . . . 25e. 75 . . . 25

____ 16. Which of the following choices is false? Oceans are important because theya. regulate climates.b. provide a source of many natural resources, such as minerals and fossil fuels.c. are one of the most highly productive ecosystems in the world on a unit area basis.d. participate in the biogeochemical cycles.e. it is important in the hydrologic cycle.

____ 17. The ecosystems with the world's highest net primary productivities per unit area are found in thea. euphotic zone.b. abyssal zone.c. bathyal zone.d. coastal zone.e. benthic zone.

____ 18. Estuaries exhibita. constant temperature and salinity.b. constant temperature and variable salinity.c. variable temperature and constant salinity.d. variable temperature and salinity.e. constant temperature.

____ 19. Estuaries and coastal wetlands are important for all of the following reasons excepta. spawning and nursery grounds for marine fish and shellfish.b. filtering out waterborne pollutants from swimming and wildlife areas.c. breeding grounds for waterfowl.d. providing coral for limestone production and the tourist trade.e. habitat for alligators.

____ 20. Which of the following trees is characteristic of tropical coastal wetlands?a. cypressb. coconutc. mangroved. palme. live oak

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 21. Which of the following ecosystems is least likely found in a temperate coastal wetland?a. bayb. salt flatc. mud flatd. mangrove swampe. estuary

____ 22. Mangrove swamps serve all of the following functions excepta. erosion protection for the coastline.b. prevention of typhoon and hurricane damage.c. entrapment of sediment washed off the land.d. salt mining.e. nursery for many aquatic organisms.

____ 23. Organisms of the intertidal zonea. are constantly being swept away.b. are exposed to constant salinity levels.c. are exposed to both air and underwater conditions.d. must avoid drowning at high tide.e. are exposed to constant temperatures.

____ 24. Cities established on barrier islands are subject toa. beach erosion.b. hurricanes.c. flooding.d. All of these answers.e. None of these answers.

____ 25. In terms of biodiversity, the tropical rain forest is to land environments as ____ is to water environments.a. the abyssal zoneb. the bathyal zonec. the euphotic zoned. the coral reefe. the benthic zone

____ 26. Marine biologists have estimated that about ____% of the world's coral reefs have been destroyed by human activities.a. 5b. 10c. 15d. 20e. 40

____ 27. Researchers have estimated that more that more than ____ of the world's mangrove forests have been destroyed by human activities.a. 1/4b. 1/3c. 1/2d. 2/3e. 3/4

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 28. The least appropriate use of coastal wetlands is fora. spawning and nursery grounds.b. condominiums and disposal of landfill waste.c. food production.d. recreational diving.e. educational activities.

____ 29. The best long-range strategy to reduce beach erosion isa. building groins.b. preventing development on beach areas or allowing development only behind

protective dunes.c. importing sand.d. extensive building on barrier beaches.e. building seawalls.

____ 30. Over half of the area of estuaries and coastal wetlands in the United States has been destroyed or damaged bya. sewage runoff.b. filling.c. pesticide and heavy metal pollution.d. All of these answers.e. None of these answers.

____ 31. Fragile intertidal organisms such as sand dollars and ghost shrimp are primarily found ona. rocky shore beaches.b. barrier beaches.c. steep beaches.d. a and b only.e. a and c only.

____ 32. The deepest part of the ocean is thea. abyssal zone.b. euphotic zone.c. estuary zone.d. bathyal zone.e. benthic zone

____ 33. Most photosynthesis in the open sea occurs in thea. euphotic zone.b. abyssal zone.c. bathyal zone.d. coastal zone.e. benthic zone.

____ 34. Hydrothermal vents with chemosynthetic-based communities are characteristic of thea. abyssal zone.b. euphotic zone.c. estuary zone.d. bathyal zone.e. coastal zone

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 35. The twilight (dimly lit) zone of the sea is thea. euphotic zone.b. abyssal zone.c. bathyal zone.d. coastal zone.e. benthic zone.

____ 36. Depressions in the land that can be filled with water to form lakes may be formed bya. glaciation.b. earthquakes.c. volcanic activity.d. erosion.e. All of these answers.

____ 37. In lakes, large numbers of decomposers are found in thea. limnetic zone.b. benthic zone.c. littoral zone.d. profundal zone.e. abyssal zone.

____ 38. In lakes, the nutrient-rich water near the shore is part of thea. limnetic zone.b. benthic zone.c. littoral zone.d. profundal zone.e. abyssal zone.

____ 39. In lakes, the open-water surface layer is called thea. limnetic zone.b. benthic zone.c. littoral zone.d. profundal zone.e. abyssal zone.

____ 40. Fish adapted to cool, dark water are found in the zone of lakes called thea. limnetic zone.b. benthic zone.c. littoral zone.d. profundal zone.e. abyssal zone.

____ 41. Lakes that have few minerals and low productivity are referred to asa. autotrophic.b. eutrophic.c. oligotrophic.d. mesotrophic.e. oligomesotrophic.

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____ 42. A temperate lake is most likely to show thermal stratification and restriction on mixing of surface and deeper waters during thea. winter.b. spring.c. summer.d. early fall.e. late fall.

____ 43. Due to aesthetics, most people would prefer to swim in a(an) ____ lake.a. autotrophic.b. eutrophic.c. oligotrophic.d. mesotrophic.e. oligomesotrophic.

____ 44. A biologist studying biodiversity would most likely conduct research at a(an) ____ lake.a. autotrophic.b. eutrophic.c. oligotrophic.d. mesotrophic.e. oligomesotrophic

____ 45. An ecologist would expect a temperate lake to demonstrate overturns ina. spring and summer.b. spring and fall.c. spring and winter.d. fall and summer.e. fall and summer.

____ 46. An ecologist would expect to find a thermocline in a temperate lake ina. spring and summer.b. spring and fall.c. summer and winter.d. fall and summer.e. fall only.

____ 47. Lake overturns bringa. oxygen and nutrients to the surface.b. oxygen and nutrients to the lake bottom.c. oxygen to the surface and nutrients to the lake bottom.d. oxygen to the lake bottom and nutrients to the surface.e. oxygen to the surface.

____ 48. If you fish for trout, you would be most likely to seek out which part of a stream?a. headwatersb. middle elevationsc. mouthd. all sections equallye. middle and mouth

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____ 49. In which zone of a river would you most expect to find plants adapted to attach to rocks?a. firstb. secondc. thirdd. benthice. fourth

____ 50. In which zone of a river would an ecologist look for a deep meandering stream?a. firstb. secondc. thirdd. benthice. fourth

____ 51. Inland wetlands are valuable fora. recharging groundwater supplies.b. recreation.c. biogeochemical cycling of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur.d. water fowl habitat.e. All of these answers.

____ 52. All of the following would be considered seasonal wetlands excepta. flood plainsb. bottomland hardwood swampsc. prairie potholesd. cypress swampse. None of the above.

____ 53. Most of the wetlands that are lost are used fora. mining.b. urban development.c. agriculture.d. forestry.e. recreation.

____ 54. "Mitigation banking" refers toa. the federal policy of zero net loss of wetlands.b. creating or restoring as much wetlands as are destroyed.c. the World Bank's support of wetlands protection policies.d. debt-for-nature swaps.e. auctioning wetlands.

____ 55. Life in both saltwater and freshwater ecosystems can be limited bya. dissolved oxygen for respiration.b. temperature.c. access to sunlight for photosynthesis.d. All of these answers.e. None of these answers.

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____ 56. Which of the following illustrations does not match the accompanying ecological concept.a. Coral reefs have high biodiversity.b. Estuaries have high productivity.c. Dissolved oxygen is a primary limiting factor in the upper layer of a stratified lake.d. The open ocean is the least productive of aquatic life zones.e. Littoral zones have high biodiversity.

____ 57. Which of the following is not that caused a dramatic drop in aquatic biodiversity in Lake Victoria?a. Invasive predatory fish species introduced which displaced native species.b. Habit destruction by developing coastal wetlands.c. Increase in algal blooms following nutrient runoff from farms.d. Invasive water hyacinth which, among other things, blocked sunlight to reduce

diversity of aquatic plant species.e. Nile Perch decreased food supply and experienced massive dieback.

____ 58. Which of the following do we know the least about?a. deep spaceb. deep ocean basinsc. tropical rainforestsd. Antarcticae. Arctic

____ 59. Where is most of the marine biodiversity found?a. deep ocean floorb. salt flatsc. coral reefsd. tide poolse. estuaries

____ 60. Approximately ____ percent of the human population depend on seas for their primary source of food.a. 25b. 33c. 50d. 75e. 80

____ 61. Aquatic ecosystems provide all of the following ecological services excepta. pharmaceuticalsb. climate moderationc. flood controld. nutrient cyclinge. None of these answers.

____ 62. Approximately what percent of fish spawn in the world's coral reefs, mangrove swamps, coastal wetlands, or rivers?a. 10b. 20c. 30d. 50e. 90

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 63. The direct threat of climate change to marine habitat isa. melting glaciersb. spread of tropical diseasesc. decreased salinity of seawaterd. rising sea levelse. ozone depletion

____ 64. Water that is held behind dams throughout the world contains ____ of water compared to the water in all rives and lakes in the world.a. approximately the same amountb. slightly lessc. slightly mored. twice as muche. half the amount

____ 65. Which of the following is not a major cause for species loss in marine ecosystems?a. overfishingb. habitat destructionc. pollutiond. cruise shipse. erosion

____ 66. Which of the following has the most destructive effects on ocean floor ecosystems?a. trawl fishingb. sport fishingc. boat anchorsd. shipwreckse. gill nets

____ 67. When fish populations are temporarily reduced due to overfishing, they are said to bea. locally extinctb. commercially extinctc. economically extinctd. biologically extincte. ecologically extinct

____ 68. The depletion of the world's marine fish stocks due to overfishing is a classic example ofa. sustainable resource use.b. the tragedy of the commons.c. ecological extinction.d. failure of international treaties.e. lack of regulation.

____ 69. Through land use activities, humans have increased the amount of ____ by two-fold (since 1860) and the amount is expected to increase by another two-thirds by 2050a. sulfurb. sedimentationc. nitrate fertilizerd. phosphate fertilizere. potassium fertilizer

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 70. Freshwater systems are mostly threatened bya. fertilizer runoffb. more people seeking homes and places for recreation near lakes and streamsc. more people seeking homes and places for recreation on coastal areasd. invasive speciese. industrial development

____ 71. In the United States, over half of the fish extinctions in the last century were driven to extinction bya. oil spillsb. agricultural runoffc. alien speciesd. overfishinge. pollution

____ 72. When it is no longer profitable to continue fishing an affected species, ____ is said to have occurred.a. economic depletionb. commercial depletionc. ecological depletiond. political depletione. bycatch

____ 73. Which of the following is not one of the reasons that protecting aquatic biodiversity especially difficult?a. Lack of public support for protectionb. The human ecological footprint is expandingc. The damage to oceans is not visible to most people.d. Many people view the ocean as an inexhaustible resource.e. Most the ocean area lies outside of the political jurisdiction of any country.

____ 74. What is CITES?a. a treaty banning barrier island developmentb. a treaty banning trade in endangered speciesc. a treaty banning dumping plastic in the oceand. a treaty banning overfishinge. a treat banning gills nets

____ 75. Which of the following is not a direct threat to six of the world's seven major sea turtle species?a. invasive specie introduction into habitatb. development on turtle nesting beachesc. overharvesting their eggs for foodd. use of their shells to make jewelrye. use of their flippers for leather

____ 76. What are cetaceans?a. whales and porpoisesb. sea turtlesc. sealsd. penguinse. walruses

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____ 77. Which of the following countries has a significant whaling industry and whale meat market?a. the United Statesb. Australiac. Great Britaind. Japane. Russia

____ 78. Under the International Whaling Commission's ban on whaling, who is still allowed to harvest whales?a. Japaneseb. Russiansc. Eskimosd. Irishe. Norwegians

____ 79. Of the 350 International Biosphere Reserves, how many include coastal marine habitats?a. 30b. 60c. 90d. 120e. 150

____ 80. The best long-range strategy to reduce beach erosion isa. building groins.b. preventing development on beach areas or allowing development only behind

protective dunes.c. importing sand.d. extensive building on barrier beaches.e. building seawalls.

____ 81. Which of the following is an example of reconciliation ecology?a. Restoring a native coastal estuary by planting native vegetation.b. Purchasing development rights of coastal ecosystems.c. Negotiating land disputes among competing parties.d. Having a restaurant owner cooperate with local conservation efforts in ecotourism.e. None of the above are examples of reconciliation ecology.

____ 82. Two recent studies called for an overhaul of U.S. ocean policy and management. Which of the following was not a recommendation?a. Develop a national ocean policy with the Executive Office of the President.b. Double the federal budget for ocean research.c. Centralize and streamline the fragmented management of the oceans.d. Manage coastal development to minimize ecosystem damage.e. Instead of focusing on public awareness, use tax money to outright preserve

ecologically significant areas of the ocean.____ 83. Which approach to estimating marine fish populations is the most beneficial to fish populations?

a. maximum sustained yieldb. commercial sustained yieldc. optimum sustained yieldd. potential sustained yielde. minimum sustained yield

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 84. What are the high seas?a. tidal waves generated by earthquakesb. large storm-generated wavesc. ocean areas beyond any country's legal jurisdictiond. ocean areas policed by international forcese. tsunamis

____ 85. Which of the following is an economic approach to reducing overfishing?a. reducing bycatch levelsb. eliminating fishing subsidiesc. reducing the introduction of alien speciesd. improving enforcement of fishing regulationse. limiting licenses

____ 86. What has helped to reduce annual wetland loss by up to 75% in the last 30 years?a. a federal law prohibiting wetland developmentb. a federal permit system for dredging or filling wetlands larger than 3 acresc. grassroots environmental groups that blockade wetlands development projectsd. federal endangered species lawse. regional endangered species laws

____ 87. Despite their ecological value, the United States has lost more than ____ of its coastal and inland wetlands since 1900.a. 10%b. 25%c. 50%d. 75%e. 90%

____ 88. What does mitigation banking accomplish?a. provides lawyers fees in lawsuits over wetlands developmentb. allows wetland areas to be traded for forest areas for developmentc. requires all wetlands to me protected from developmentd. allows wetlands to be developed as long as an equal area of wetland is created or

restorede. nothing

____ 89. What is the largest wetlands restoration project?a. the Okeefenokeeb. the Evergladesc. Dismal Swampd. Chesapeake Baye. Lake Michigan

____ 90. What federal agency is responsible for undoing the development of the Everglades that the same agency has done since the 1940's?a. U.S. Army Corps of Engineersb. U.S. Navyc. U.S. Department of Agricultured. Soil Conservation Servicee. U.S. Department of Energy

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 91. The lesson of the Florida Everglades destruction and restoration is a classic example ofa. a penny saved is a penny earned.b. an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.c. look before you leap.d. what goes around comes around.e. it's never too late.

____ 92. Which of the following statements is false?a. Rivers are more vulnerable than lakes to contamination by plant nutrients, oil, toxins,

and pesticides.b. Acid deposition represents a more serious hazard to lakes than rivers.c. Eutrophication is a natural process and can occur without the influence of humans.d. Human activities can accelerate the eutrophication process.e. Fallout represents a more serious hazard to lakes than rivers.

____ 93. The Columbia River is located in thea. Pacific Northwest.b. Midwest.c. Southeast.d. Appalachian Mountains.e. Northeast.

____ 94. The world's largest hydroelectric power system is found on thea. Amazon River.b. Rhine River.c. Congo River.d. Columbia River.e. Colorado River.

____ 95. The dams on the Columbia River did all of the following excepta. provide jobs.b. provide flood control.c. produce cheap electricity.d. increase the salmon populations.e. None of these answers.

____ 96. Dams and reservoirsa. may kill young salmon as they pass through turbines.b. slow downstream migration, exposing juvenile salmon to more predation.c. without ladders prevent upstream migration of mature salmon.d. All of these answers.e. None of these answers.

____ 97. Salmon ranching results in all of the following excepta. increasing the need to add ladders and bypasses for migrating salmon.b. environmental stress after release of the fish.c. competition of the fish raised by ranching with wild species.d. increased susceptibility to diseases because of genetic uniformity.e. None of these answers.

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____ 98. The world's largest program for ecosystem rehabilitation and salmon restoration on the Columbia River includes all of the following excepta. building new hatcheries upstream of the dams.b. releasing juvenile salmon at the mouth of the Columbia River.c. putting 40,000 miles of stream off limits to hydropower development.d. reducing runoff of silt from logging roads.e. None of these answers.

____ 99. Activities allowed in the national Wild and Scenic Rivers System include all of the following excepta. camping.b. canoeing.c. motor boating.d. fishing.e. kayaking.

____ 100. Under the National Wild and Scenic Rivers Act, protection can be offered to rivers and river segments witha. cultural and historical value.b. wildlife and scenic value.c. recreational value.d. All of these answers.e. None of these answers.

____ 101. There is potential for conflict over water resources among all of the following pairs of countries excepta. Sudan and Egypt.b. Syria and Jordan.c. Syria and Israel.d. Turkey and Egypt.e. Syria and Iraq.

____ 102. Approximately ____% of earth's water supply is available to us as liquid freshwater.a. .02b. .2c. 2d. 22e. 42

____ 103. The hydrologic cycle will naturally purify and recycle fresh water as long as humans don'ta. pollute the water faster than it is replenished.b. withdraw water from groundwater supplies faster than it is replenished.c. overload it with slowly degradable and nondegradable wastes.d. a and b only.e. All of these answers.

____ 104. Porous water-saturated layers of underground rock are known asa. aquifers.b. recharge areas.c. watersheds.d. runoff areas.e. water tables.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 105. Which of the following statements is false?a. Recharging of water is a slow process.b. The water table moves down in dry weather.c. Water in a confined aquifer is under pressure.d. Groundwater is stationary and does not move.e. The water table is located at the top of the zone of saturation.

____ 106. Throughout the world, the most water is used fora. irrigation.b. industrial processes.c. needs of animals and humans.d. transportation.e. cooling towers of power plants.

____ 107. Which of the following uses tends to consume the smallest amount of water?a. irrigationb. public usec. industryd. energy production.e. transportation.

____ 108. The largest use of water in the western United States isa. energy production.b. cooling.c. irrigation.d. hosing down livestock pens.e. manufacturing.

____ 109. Major water problems of the western United States includea. flooding.b. insufficient water for some urban areas.c. chronic drought and insufficient runoff.d. pollution of rivers, lakes, and groundwater.e. insufficient water for industry.

____ 110. Water can be scarce because ofa. water stress.b. dry climate.c. desiccation.d. drought.e. All of these answers.

____ 111. Most of the world's rivers area. found in one country.b. shared by two countries.c. shared by three to five countries.d. shared by six to ten countries.e. shared by more than ten countries.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 112. In 2005, the United Nations reported that ____ people lack regular access to enough clean water for drinking, cooking, washing, and sanitation.a. one out of every fourb. one out of every fivec. one out of every sixd. one out of every eighte. one out of every ten

____ 113. Aquifers provide almost ____ of the world's water.a. 1/6b. 1/4c. 1/3d. 1/2e. 2/3

____ 114. The term subsidence refers toa. failure of the groundwater supply.b. accumulation of silt behind a dam.c. sinking of ground when water has been withdrawn.d. intrusion of salt water into a freshwater aquifer.e. loss of water due to evaporation.

____ 115. Overuse of groundwater can lead toa. saltwater intrusion.b. subsidence.c. aquifer depletion.d. All of these answers.e. None of these answers.

____ 116. Currently, groundwater in the United States is being withdrawn ____ its replacement rate.a. at one-halfb. equal toc. two timesd. four timese. five times

____ 117. Saudi Arabia gets about 70% of its drinking water froma. deep aquifersb. water importsc. rainfalld. desalinatione. lakes and rivers

____ 118. All of the following are ways to prevent or slow groundwater depletion excepta. subsidize water conservationb. waste less waterc. a ban on new well constructiond. grow more water-intensive cropse. buy and retire groundwater withdrawal rights

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 119. Large dams and reservoirsa. reduce danger of flooding upstream.b. are inexpensive to build.c. cannot be used for outdoor recreation.d. can be used to provide electric power.e. All of these answers.

____ 120. Damsa. are relatively inexpensive to build.b. destroy agricultural land and scenic areas.c. facilitate migration of fish.d. provide downstream areas with nutrients.e. prevent flooding.

____ 121. China's Three Gorges project willa. be the world's largest hydroelectric plant.b. displace few people.c. flood large areas of forest.d. increase habitat for endangered pandas.e. prevent flooding.

____ 122. Because of increased irrigation, Africa's Lake Chad has shrunk by ____% since the 1960s.a. 55b. 65c. 75d. 85e. 95

____ 123. Which of the following bodies of water has experienced an 11-meter drop in its water level since 1941 when water began being diverted to Los Angeles?a. Lake Meadb. Mono Lakec. Lake Tahoed. the Colorado Rivere. Lake Powell

____ 124. Most water-transfer projects illustratea. the climate-biome principle.b. the principle that you can't do just one thing.c. the concept of ecological succession.d. the principle of genetic variability.e. energy is conserved.

____ 125. In California, the greatest user of water isa. pollution dilution.b. industry.c. agriculture.d. urban dwellers.e. manufacturing.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 126. The volume of the world's fourth largest freshwater lake has been decreased by almost 75% to provide water for agriculture. This lake is located ina. China.b. Bangladesh.c. the former Soviet Union.d. Africa.e. the USA

____ 127. Which of the following statements about the Aral Sea is false?a. Water has been diverted from the Aral Sea and the two rivers that replenish its water

primarily for use in manufacturing.b. The volume of the Aral Sea has dropped by about 75%.c. The salinity levels have risen threefold.d. All native fish species have disappeared.e. The surface area has decreased by 54%.

____ 128. All of the following would improve the Aral Sea ecological/economic situation excepta. charging farmers more for irrigation water.b. introducing water-saving technologies.c. shifting displaced fishermen to logging.d. slowing the area's rapid population growth.e. All of these answers.

____ 129. The relationship between water demand and policies that subsidize water-thirsty crops exemplifiesa. a positive feedback loop.b. a negative feedback loop.c. a delay.d. a synergistic interaction.e. a competitive relationship.

____ 130. Desalination may be accomplished bya. distillation.b. osmosis.c. salt-eating bacteria.d. macrofiltration.e. reverse filtration.

____ 131. Which of the following statements about desalination is true?a. The common methods of desalination are reverse-osmosis and evaporation.b. Desalination is expensive.c. The greatest amount of desalination occurs in the United States.d. Desalination is the best approach to solving irrigation problems.e. Desalination is the best method of acquiring clear water for drinking.

____ 132. Which choice completes the sentence incorrectly? Cloud seedinga. is most useful in very dry areas.b. could change regional rainfall patterns.c. could introduce large amounts of cloud-seeding chemicals into natural ecosystems.d. is impeded by legal disputes.e. None of these answers.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 133. The largest producer of freshwater from seawater isa. the United Statesb. Saudi Arabiac. Israeld. Chinae. Egypt

____ 134. It is most economically and environmentally sound to focus water resource management ona. increasing the water supply.b. controlling the "mining" of groundwater.c. increasing the efficiency of the way we use water.d. developing desalination plants.e. cloud seeding and towing icebergs to arid regions.

____ 135. Approaches to increasing the water supply can be outstripped bya. increased industrialization.b. soaring population.c. increased food needs.d. All of these answers.e. None of these answers.

____ 136. All of the following are advantages to using drip irrigation systems except that theya. reduce soil salinizationb. maximize water input reaching cropsc. are very costlyd. cannot be moved arounde. increase crop yields over conventional systems

____ 137. In the United States, the single largest use of the domestic water supply isa. washing dishesb. bathing and showeringc. watering lawnsd. washing clothese. flushing toilets

____ 138. Which U. S. city reduced its water use by 31% from 1987 to 2004 through repairing leaks, retrofitting homes with efficient toilets and showerheads, conducting water audits of industries, better water metering, and public education?a. Los Angelesb. Bostonc. New Yorkd. San Franciscoe. Washington DC.

____ 139. World Resources Institute estimates that ____ of the water people use throughout the world is wasted through evaporation, leaks, and other losses.a. 25−30%b. 45−50%c. 65−70%d. 75−80%e. 78−90%

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 140. Water is wasted becausea. the responsibility for water resource management of a single watershed is often

divided among many state and local governments.b. outdated laws encourage unnecessary water waste.c. water prices are artificially low.d. All of these answers.e. None of these answers.

____ 141. Water would be used more efficiently ifa. the price of water reflected its true cost.b. laws governing access to and use of water resources were reformed.c. water authorities were based on natural watershed boundaries.d. None of these answers..e. All of these answers.

____ 142. Most irrigation systems lose about half of their water toa. runoff.b. evaporation.c. seepage.d. b and c.e. All of these answers.

____ 143. Which of the following offers the greatest conservation of water?a. center-pivot sprinkler systemsb. low-energy precision-application (LEPA) sprinkler systemsc. trickle or drip irrigationd. gravity-flow canal systemse. diagonal-pivot systems

____ 144. Wasting water through irrigation could be reduced bya. treating urban wastewater and using it for irrigation.b. using organic farming techniques.c. using computer-controlled systems that monitor soil moisture.d. All of these answers.e. None of these answers.

____ 145. All of the following are available to improve water efficiency excepta. xeriscaping.b. policies allowing use of gray water.c. systems to purify and completely recycle wastewater from houses, apartments, or

office buildings.d. condensing water vapor from indoor air.e. using water meters to monitor and charge for municipal water use.

____ 146. People have often settled on floodplains becausea. the soil is fertile.b. the flat surfaces are ideal for buildings.c. they want access to water for irrigation and transportation.d. the flat surfaces are ideal for railroads.e. All of these answers.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

22

____ 147. The main human activity that increases flooding isa. constructing damsb. directing stream flowc. destroying vegetationd. irrigatione. urbanization

____ 148. Floods and droughts area. strictly natural disasters.b. human-activated problems.c. decreased by increases in human population.d. independent of human activity.e. All of these answers.

____ 149. Humans increase the likelihood of flooding bya. building on floodplains.b. urbanization.c. removing water-absorbing vegetation.d. draining wetlands..e. All of these answers.

____ 150. The monsoon season cana. leach soil nutrients.b. cause water to overflow its channels.c. wash away topsoil and crops.d. All of these answers.e. None of these answers.

____ 151. Which of the following conditions in the Himalayan watershed contribute(s) to flooding in Bangladesh?a. rapid population growthb. forest conservationc. dam constructiond. sustainable farming practicese. low population growth

____ 152. Overpopulation and poverty force people to live on floodplains and deplete mangrove forests. Chances of flooding increase and the death toll rises. This case best exemplifiesa. an accumulation.b. synergy.c. a positive feedback loop.d. a negative feedback loop.e. cooperation.

____ 153. Increased flooding can be caused bya. heavy rainfall.b. rapid snowmelt.c. removal of vegetation.d. destruction of wetlands.e. All of these answers.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

23

____ 154. Stream channelizationa. increases the rate of water discharge.b. decreases erosion.c. is one form of irrigation.d. is the process of building ditches along natural streams.e. decreases the rate of water discharge.

____ 155. Ecologically, the best way to approach flooding isa. flood control dams.b. artificial levees.c. channelization.d. floodplain management.e. dams.

____ 156. Sustainable use of water involvesa. participatory decision making.b. preservation of ecological integrity of water supply systems.c. efficient use of water.d. integrated governance of water pollution.e. All of these answers.

____ 157. Sustainable use of watera. requires integrated governance of water pollution among all users of a watershed.b. might be encouraged by water marketing.c. is discouraged by government subsidies of water.d. requires integrated governance of water use, sewage treatment among all users of a

watershed.e. All of these answers.

____ 158. Of the following organisms, the group that is least likely to cause disease isa. bacteria.b. protozoa.c. algae.d. parasitic worms.e. viruses.

____ 159. A good indicator of water quality is the number ofa. ducks.b. fish.c. coliform bacteria.d. snakes.e. protozoa.

____ 160. To be considered safe for drinking, a 100 milliliter sample of water should contain ____ colonies of coliform bacteria.a. 0b. 5c. 10d. 100e. 200

Name: ______________________ ID: A

24

____ 161. To be considered safe for swimming, a 10 milliliter sample of water should contain ____ colonies of coliform bacteria.a. 0b. 5c. 10d. 100e. 200

____ 162. Which is not one of the ways that climate change can affect water pollution.a. It can cause thermal pollution due to warmer temperatures.b. Intense downpours in some areas can flush more harmful chemicals into waterwaysc. Prolonged drought in some areas can reduce river flows that dilute wastes.d. Prolonged drought can spread infectious diseases more rapidly among people who

lack enough water to stay clean.e. All of these can result from climate change.

____ 163. A body of water can be depleted of its oxygen bya. viruses and parasitic worms.b. organic wastes.c. sediments and suspended matter.d. organic compounds such as oil, plastics, solvents, and detergents.e. All of these answers.

____ 164. Which of the following statements is false?a. Heat can lower dissolved oxygen and make fish vulnerable to disease.b. Organic wastes reduce the amount of oxygen in the water supply.c. Radioactive wastes and toxins can be concentrated by biological amplification.d. Inorganic nutrients such as fertilizers have no adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems.e. Sediment can cloud water and reduce photosynthesis.

____ 165. Nitrates and phosphates are examples ofa. disease-causing agents.b. oxygen-demanding wastes.c. organic chemicals.d. inorganic plant nutrients.e. sediment.

____ 166. One class of pollutants that can cause excessive growth of algae isa. radioactive substances.b. oxygen-demanding wastes.c. inorganic plant nutrients.d. organic chemicals.e. sediment.

____ 167. Thermal pollutiona. raises the solubility of oxygen in water.b. lowers the respiratory rates of aquatic organisms.c. nurtures spawning fish.d. can kill organisms adapted to a particular temperature range by thermal shock.e. All of these answers.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

25

____ 168. Thermal water pollution can be reduced by all of the following methods excepta. discharging hot water into ponds, allowing cooling, and reusing the same water.b. using cooling towers.c. returning heated water away from the ecologically vulnerable shore zone.d. using more electricity.e. None of these answers.

____ 169. Which of the following is a point source of water pollution?a. offshore oil wellsb. livestock feedlotsc. urban landsd. croplandse. parking lots

____ 170. Which of the following is a nonpoint source of water pollution?a. sewage treatment plantb. electric power plantc. active and inactive coal minesd. logged foreste. factories

____ 171. To determine the presence and concentration of water pollutants, scientists are least likely to usea. chemical analysis of water samples.b. satellite photographs.c. analysis of indicator species.d. computer models.e. chemical analysis of sediment.

____ 172. Over half of the total mass of pollutants entering streams and lakes comes froma. point pollution from sewage treatment plants.b. point pollution from industrial plants.c. non point pollution from roadside runoffd. nonpoint pollution from agriculture.e. non point pollution from construction.

____ 173. Which of the following statements is false?a. Because of their flow, most streams recover rapidly from pollution by heat and

biodegradable waste.b. In rapidly flowing rivers, dissolved oxygen is replaced quickly.c. The amount of oxygen in rivers declines in dry seasons.d. The amount of oxygen in rivers increases as the water's temperature rises.e. The amount of oxygen in rivers increases as the water's temperature falls.

____ 174. Oxygen sag curvesa. may occur during spring floods.b. occur when oxygen-demanding wastes are added to the water.c. develop in fast-flowing rivers.d. may occur upstream from a sewage treatment plant.e. All of these answers.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

26

____ 175. Which of the following statements is false?a. Requiring cities to withdraw water downstream of the city would reduce pollution.b. Slow-flowing rivers are less susceptible to pollutants than fast-flowing streams.c. The width and depth of the oxygen sag curve is dependent on water volume and

flow rate.d. Streams can recover from degradable pollutants as long as they are not overloaded.e. Oxygen sag curves show the time and distance needed for a stream to recover.

____ 176. The water pollution and control laws enacted in the 1970s have done all but which one of the following?a. reduced or eliminated point-source pollution on riversb. increased the number and quality of wastewater treatment plantsc. held the line against disease-causing agents and oxygen-demanding wastesd. forced municipalities to take their water supply from the downstream side of the citye. None of these answers.

____ 177. In most developed countries, large fish kills and contamination of drinking water are caused bya. malfunctioning sewage treatment plants.b. accidental release of toxic industrial chemicals.c. deliberate release of toxic industrial chemicals.d. All of these answers.e. None of these answers.

____ 178. According to the global Water Policy Project, most cities in developing countries discharge __ of their untreated sewage directly into rivers, streams, and lakes whose waters are then used for human consumption.a. 10−20%b. 20−30%c. 40−50%d. 50−60%e. 80−90%

____ 179. Which of the following statements about lakes is true?a. Stratified layers of lakes are characterized by vertical mixing.b. Stratification increases levels of dissolved oxygen, especially in the bottom layer.c. Lakes are more vulnerable than streams to contamination by plant nutrients, oil,

pesticides, and toxic substances that can destroy bottom life.d. Lakes have more flushing than streams.e. All of these answers.

____ 180. Which of the following statements is false?a. Rivers are more vulnerable than lakes to contamination by plant nutrients, oil, toxins,

and pesticides.b. Acid deposition and fallout represent a more serious hazard to lakes than rivers.c. Eutrophication is a natural process and can occur without the influence of humans.d. Human activities can accelerate the eutrophication process.e. Eutrophication is caused by inputs of nutrients and silt from the surrounding land

basin.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

27

____ 181. Which of the following stages of cultural eutrophication occurs last?a. fish killsb. blooms of algaec. increase in aerobic bacteriad. increase in anaerobic bacteriae. increase of plants such as duckweed

____ 182. In cultural eutrophication, game fish die froma. acid deposition.b. suffocation from lack of oxygen.c. toxic substances in the water.d. salt.e. loss of space.

____ 183. Which of the following is not an input control over cultural eutrophication?a. banning the use of phosphate detergents.b. preventing the runoff of fertilizer from agricultural fields.c. advanced waste treatment.d. harvesting excess weeds.e. None of these answers.

____ 184. All of the following are cleanup methods of controlling cultural eutrophication excepta. using advanced waste treatment.b. treating plant growth with herbicides.c. harvesting excess weeds.d. pumping air through reservoirs to avoid oxygen depletion.e. None of these answers.

____ 185. About ____ of the 100,000 medium to large lakes in the United States suffer from some degree of cultural eutrophication.a. one-fifthb. one-fourthc. one-thirdd. one-halfe. two-third

____ 186. Which of the following would not reduce cultural eutrophication?a. Dredge lake bottoms.b. Pump oxygen into lakes.c. Institute land-use control to prevent nutrient runoff.d. Prevent as much outflow or drainage as possible from the lake.e. Removing excess weeds.

____ 187. The Great Lakes possess ____% of all the surface fresh water in the United States.a. 35b. 55c. 75d. 95e. 45

Name: ______________________ ID: A

28

____ 188. Less than ____% of the water entering the Great Lakes leaves the St. Lawrence River.a. 1b. 8c. 16d. 32e. 64

____ 189. One fish in ____ taken from the Great Lakes is unsafe for human consumption.a. tenb. sevenc. fived. foure. three

____ 190. Which one of the Great Lakes first showed intense effects of water pollution?a. Superiorb. Huronc. Eried. Ontarioe. Ontario and Huron

____ 191. Which of the following is not a reason that efforts effective to clean up Lake Washington in metropolitan Seattle?a. Citizen pressure on local officials.b. Nutrient-rich effluents were rerouted.c. Installation of technologically superior water treatment systems.d. The solution involved diluted polluted effluent.e. All of the methods were used and effective.

____ 192. Drinking water for about ____ of the U.S. population and ____ of the rural populations comes from groundwater.a. 50%; 50%b. 50%; 95%c. 10%; 50%d. 10%; 95%e. 75%; 75%

____ 193. Experts rate groundwater pollution as aa. high-risk ecological and health problem.b. medium-risk ecological and health problem.c. high-risk ecological but low-risk health problem.d. low-risk ecological but high-risk health problem.e. high-risk ecological and medium-risk health problem.

____ 194. Sources of groundwater contamination includea. deep wells used to dispose of liquid hazardous wastes.b. abandoned hazardous waste dumps.c. industrial and livestock waste storage lagoons.d. All of these answers.e. None of these answers.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

29

____ 195. Over the twenty-first century, scientists expect to find many million s of ____ to become a major global health problem.a. peopleb. carcinogensc. solar panelsd. leaking underground storage tankse. leaking solid waste landfills

____ 196. Which of the following statements about MTBE (methyl tertiary butyl ether) is not true?a. it is a gasoline additiveb. it is a suspected carcinogenc. it is a potential alternative fuel with no noticeable serious environmental effectsd. it has leaked into and contaminated aquifers throughout the countrye. it is being phased out of use

____ 197. Arsenic levels are above the standard for 112 million people that mostly live in ____.a. the United Statesb. Western Europe and as far east as Polandc. Central and South Americad. China, Bangladesh and part of Indiae. industrial areas of the United States

____ 198. The only effective way to protect groundwater is toa. prevent contamination.b. use monitoring wells.c. cover all wells carefully.d. treat all water from underground sources.e. using advanced sewage treatment.

____ 199. Groundwater can be protected least bya. banning disposal of hazardous wastes in sanitary landfills and deep-injection wells.b. monitoring aquifers near landfills and underground tanks.c. using advanced sewage treatment.d. requiring liability insurance for old and new underground tanks.e. requiring leak detecting systems for underground tanks used to store hazardous

waste.____ 200. Which of the following aquatic ecosystems is most capable of diluting, dispersing, and degrading

large amounts of sewage, sludge, and oil?a. estuaryb. swiftly flowing streamc. deep-water oceand. coastal parts of the oceane. slow-moving river

____ 201. In a 2005 report on the ecological health of coastal areas in the lower 48, the EPA classified ____ estuaries as threatened or impaired.a. one of twob. one of fourc. one of tend. four of fivee. nine of ten

Name: ______________________ ID: A

30

____ 202. ____ of the world's population lives on or within one hundred and sixty miles of the coast.a. 20%b. 30%c. 40%d. 50%e. 60%

____ 203. The largest estuary in the United States isa. Mobile Bay.b. Chesapeake Bay.c. San Francisco Bay.d. Lake Ponchartrain.e. Gulf of Mexico.

____ 204. Chesapeake Bay has been quite vulnerable to pollution because it isa. shallow and flushes 0.1% of the pollutants that enter it.b. shallow and flushes 1% of the pollutants that enter it.c. shallow and flushes 10% of the pollutants that enter it.d. deep and flushes 0.1% of the pollutants that enter it.e. deep and flushes 1% of the pollutants that enter it.

____ 205. Paved areas in Chesapeake Bay's watershed grew by ____ percent in the 1990s.a. tenb. twenty-twoc. thirtyd. forty-onee. seventy-five

____ 206. In Chesapeake Bay, 60% by weight of phosphates come from ____ and 60% by weight of nitrates come from ____.a. point sources . . . nonpoint sourcesb. point sources . . . nitrate rocksc. nonpoint sources . . . point sourcesd. phosphate rocks . . . nonpoint sourcese. phosphate rocks . . . point sources

____ 207. All of the following methods are likely to aid restoration of Chesapeake Bay's oyster population excepta. trying to find a reef-building substitute to hasten reef reconstruction.b. developing disease-resistant oyster stocks.c. seeding protected oyster beds with large, older oysters.d. developing new recipes for oyster stew to enhance public appreciation of oysters.e. None of these answers.

____ 208. Of the following organisms, the ones least likely to be affected by ocean debris area. seals.b. whales.c. zooplankton.d. sea turtles.e. sea lions.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

31

____ 209. Of the following sources of oil in the environment, the one which contributes least isa. tanker accidents and blowouts at offshore drilling rigs.b. washing tankers and releasing the oily water.c. normal operation of offshore wells.d. pipeline leaks.e. None of these answers.

____ 210. The majority of the oil pollution of the ocean comes froma. blowouts (rupture of a borehole of an oil rig in the ocean).b. tanker accidents.c. environmental terrorism.d. runoff from land.e. normal operation of offshore wells.

____ 211. The effects of an oil spill depend on thea. time of year.b. type of oil (crude or refined).c. distance of release from shore.d. amount released.e. All of these answers.

____ 212. The most common problem encountered by seabirds coated with oil isa. immediate death.b. vulnerability to predators.c. loss of buoyancy and insulation, causing deaths from exposure.d. poisoning by taking in the oil internally.e. starvation.

____ 213. Of the following organisms, the ones least likely to be killed by heavy oil components area. oysters.b. marine birds.c. crabs.d. clams.e. mussels.

____ 214. Which of the following is false?a. Oil evaporates and undergoes decomposition.b. The environment recovers more slowly from crude oil spills than from refined oil

spills.c. Recovery from oil spills is faster in warm water than in cold water.d. Estuaries and salt marshes suffer the most damage from oil pollution and cannot be

effectively cleaned up.e. Oil spills can have a negative economic impact on coastal residents.

____ 215. The oil company responsible for the oil spill of the Valdez wasa. Alaska.b. Gulf.c. Exxon.d. Sunoco.e. Texaco.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

32

____ 216. On the day in 2006 that ExxonMobil made a court appeal to have fines reduced from $5 billion to $25 million, it also announceda. it would increase the use of alternative energy by 10%.b. it would switch to using all double-hulled (safer) tankers.c. it announced the largest quarterly earnings by a corporation in U.S. history.d. a plan to clean up the remaining oil in the Alaska's Prince William Sound.e. All of the above.

____ 217. Water pollution from oil can be prevented bya. instituting a national energy policy based on decreased reliance on fossil fuels.b. prohibiting oil drilling in ecologically sensitive areas.c. requiring double hulls on oil tankers.d. All of these answers.e. None of these answers.

____ 218. The leading nonpoint source of water pollution isa. municipal landfills.b. runoff from city streets and storm sewers.c. agriculture.d. industrial wastes.e. leaks from offshore oil wells.

____ 219. Farmers can sharply reduce fertilizer runoff bya. using prescribed amounts of fertilizer.b. planting nitrogen-fixing plants.c. planting buffer zones between cultivated fields and surface water.d. control runoff.e. All of these answers.

____ 220. Farmers can reduce pesticide runoff bya. applying pesticides only when needed.b. using biological methods of pest control.c. using integrated pest management.d. control runoff.e. All of these answers.

____ 221. Livestock growers can control runoff of animal wastes from feedlots and barnyards bya. increasing animal density.b. diverting runoff of animal wastes into detention basins.c. removing buffers between stockyards and surface water.d. locating feedlots on gently sloping land so rainwater will naturally clean off the

stockyards.e. All of these answers.

____ 222. The Clean Water Act and Water Quality Act attempt to maintain the ____ integrity of U.S. waters.a. biologicalb. chemicalc. physicald. All of these answers.e. a and c only.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

33

____ 223. About ____ of U.S. lakes were tested unsafe for fishing, swimming, and other recreational uses.a. 25%b. 45%c. 65%d. 75%e. 85%

____ 224. The Clean Water Act could be strengthened by all of the following strategies excepta. prevention and control of toxic water pollution.b. more funding for integrated airshed and watershed planning.c. allowing citizens to bring lawsuits to ensure that water pollution laws are enforced.d. establishing national effluent standards.e. requiring states to do a better job of monitoring and enforcing water pollution laws.

____ 225. In a septic tank system, which of the following is not true?a. wastewater is pumped into a settling tankb. grease and oil rise to the top in the tankc. solid are decomposed by bacteriad. bacteria treated waste is discharged in an absorption fielde. after leaving the absorption field, wastewater is cleaned and can be used again for

human consumption.____ 226. Which of the following types of sewage treatment is properly matched?

a. primary-biological processb. secondary-mechanical processc. advanced-physical and chemical processesd. secondary-chemical processe. primary-chemical process

____ 227. Which of the following substances are removed to the greatest extent by combined primary and secondary wastewater treatment?a. organic pesticidesb. organic oxygen-demanding wastesc. toxic metals and synthetic organic chemicalsd. radioactive isotopese. All of these answers.

____ 228. Peru decided for a short time to discontinue chlorinating the country's drinking water becausea. it was concerned that chlorine gave the water a bad taste.b. it was concerns over the increased risk of cancerc. chlorinate was too costlyd. chlorine bleached the watere. chlorine could not disinfect the water

____ 229. Of the following, the most ecologically responsible way to dispose of sewage sludge isa. incineration.b. dumping into the deep trenches of the ocean.c. conventional landfills.d. treating with heat to kill harmful bacteria, removal of toxic metals, and using as

fertilizer.e. None of these answers.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

34

____ 230. According to the EPA, about ____% of the country's lakes and 40% of streams are too polluted for swimming or fishing.a. 10b. 25c. 40d. 55e. 80

____ 231. The most polluted river in the United States is the ____ River.a. Columbiab. Missouric. Mississippid. Delawaree. Susquehanna

____ 232. "Cancer Corridor" in Louisiana contains ____ hazardous waste sitesa. 20b. 50c. 100d. 200e. 500

____ 233. Areas that depend on surface water for their drinking supply generally do all of the following excepta. run water through sand filters.b. allow suspended matter to settle out and dissolved oxygen to increase in a reservoir.c. treat with ozone and fluoride to kill bacteria.d. purify with activated charcoal in a filtering strategy.e. None of these answers.

____ 234. A change in the U.S. Safe Drinking Water Act that is least likely to be recommended by an environmentalist isa. banning all lead in new plumbing pipes, faucets, and fixtures.b. increased reliance on voluntary compliance to drinking water standards.c. strengthening public notification requirements of drinking water violations.d. reducing testing and administrative costs and improving treatment by combining

smaller water systems into larger ones.e. combining small water treatment facilities with larger ones nearby.

____ 235. To further sustainable use of water supplies, environmentalists are least likely to call fora. reduction of pollution sources.b. reuse of wastewater.c. decentralization of control of water supply and quality.d. moving from pollution treatment to pollution prevention.e. elimination of national drinking water tests.

____ 236. Which of the following is not a technology in use to clean drinking water for people?a. charcoal filtrationb. cloth strippingc. nanofiltersd. UV rayse. lead filters

ID: A

1

APES: Water Exam Practice QuestionsAnswer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: E 2. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: E 3. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Aquatic Environments 4. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Aquatic Environments 5. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Aquatic Environments 6. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Aquatic Environments 7. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Aquatic Environments 8. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Aquatic Environments 9. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Aquatic Environments 10. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Aquatic Environments 11. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Aquatic Environments 12. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Aquatic Environments 13. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Saltwater Life Zones 14. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Saltwater Life Zones 15. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Saltwater Life Zones 16. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: D TOP: Saltwater Life Zones 17. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Saltwater Life Zones 18. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Saltwater Life Zones 19. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Saltwater Life Zones 20. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Saltwater Life Zones 21. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Saltwater Life Zones 22. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Saltwater Life Zones 23. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Saltwater Life Zones 24. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Saltwater Life Zones 25. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Saltwater Life Zones 26. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Saltwater Life Zones 27. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Saltwater Life Zones 28. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Saltwater Life Zones 29. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Saltwater Life Zones 30. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Saltwater Life Zones 31. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Saltwater Life Zones 32. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Saltwater Life Zones 33. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Saltwater Life Zones 34. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Saltwater Life Zones 35. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Saltwater Life Zones 36. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Freshwater Life Zones 37. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Freshwater Life Zones 38. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Freshwater Life Zones

ID: A

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39. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Freshwater Life Zones 40. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Freshwater Life Zones 41. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Freshwater Life Zones 42. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Freshwater Life Zones 43. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Freshwater Life Zones 44. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Freshwater Life Zones 45. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Freshwater Life Zones 46. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: D TOP: Freshwater Life Zones 47. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: D TOP: Freshwater Life Zones 48. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Freshwater Life Zones 49. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Freshwater Life Zones 50. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Freshwater Life Zones 51. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Freshwater Life Zones 52. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Freshwater Life Zones 53. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Freshwater Life Zones 54. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Freshwater Life Zones 55. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Freshwater Life Zones 56. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: D TOP: Freshwater Life Zones 57. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: E 58. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Aquatic Biodiversity 59. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Aquatic Biodiversity 60. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Aquatic Biodiversity 61. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Aquatic Biodiversity 62. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: D

TOP: Human Impacts on Aquatic Biodiversity 63. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: M

TOP: Human Impacts on Aquatic Biodiversity 64. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: D

TOP: Human Impacts on Aquatic Biodiversity 65. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: M

TOP: Human Impacts on Aquatic Biodiversity 66. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: E

TOP: Human Impacts on Aquatic Biodiversity 67. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: E

TOP: Human Impacts on Aquatic Biodiversity 68. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: M

TOP: Human Impacts on Aquatic Biodiversity 69. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: D

TOP: Human Impacts on Aquatic Biodiversity 70. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: M

TOP: Human Impacts on Aquatic Biodiversity 71. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: E

TOP: Human Impacts on Aquatic Biodiversity

ID: A

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72. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Human Impacts on Aquatic Biodiversity

73. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Human Impacts on Aquatic Biodiversity

74. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Protecting and Sustaining Marine Biodiversity

75. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Protecting and Sustaining Marine Biodiversity

76. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Protecting and Sustaining Marine Biodiversity

77. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Protecting and Sustaining Marine Biodiversity

78. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Protecting and Sustaining Marine Biodiversity

79. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Protecting and Sustaining Marine Biodiversity

80. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Protecting and Sustaining Marine Biodiversity

81. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Protecting and Sustaining Marine Biodiversity

82. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: D TOP: Protecting and Sustaining Marine Biodiversity

83. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Managing and Sustaining Marine Fisheries

84. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Managing and Sustaining Marine Fisheries

85. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Managing and Sustaining Marine Fisheries

86. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Protecting, Sustaining, and Restoring Wetlands

87. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Protecting, Sustaining, and Restoring Wetlands

88. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Protecting, Sustaining, and Restoring Wetlands

89. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Protecting, Sustaining, and Restoring Wetlands

90. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Protecting, Sustaining, and Restoring Wetlands

91. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Protecting, Sustaining, and Restoring Wetlands

92. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: D TOP: Protecting, Sustaining, and Restoring Lakes and Rivers

93. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Protecting, Sustaining, and Restoring Lakes and Rivers

94. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Protecting, Sustaining, and Restoring Lakes and Rivers

ID: A

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95. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: D TOP: Protecting, Sustaining, and Restoring Lakes and Rivers

96. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: D TOP: Protecting, Sustaining, and Restoring Lakes and Rivers

97. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Protecting, Sustaining, and Restoring Lakes and Rivers

98. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: D TOP: Protecting, Sustaining, and Restoring Lakes and Rivers

99. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Protecting, Sustaining, and Restoring Lakes and Rivers

100. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Protecting, Sustaining, and Restoring Lakes and Rivers

101. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: E 102. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: E

TOP: Water's Importance, Availability, and Renewal 103. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: M

TOP: Water's Importance, Availability, and Renewal 104. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: M

TOP: Water's Importance, Availability, and Renewal 105. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: D

TOP: Water's Importance, Availability, and Renewal 106. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: M

TOP: Water's Importance, Availability, and Renewal 107. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: E

TOP: Water's Importance, Availability, and Renewal 108. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: M

TOP: Water's Importance, Availability, and Renewal 109. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: M

TOP: Water's Importance, Availability, and Renewal 110. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Too Little Freshwater 111. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Too Little Freshwater 112. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Too Little Freshwater 113. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: E

TOP: Withdrawing Groundwater to Increase Supplies 114. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: M

TOP: Withdrawing Groundwater to Increase Supplies 115. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: M

TOP: Withdrawing Groundwater to Increase Supplies 116. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: E

TOP: Withdrawing Groundwater to Increase Supplies 117. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: E

TOP: Withdrawing Groundwater to Increase Supplies 118. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: E

TOP: Withdrawing Groundwater to Increase Supplies

ID: A

5

119. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Using Dams and Reservoirs to Supply More Water

120. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Using Dams and Reservoirs to Supply More Water

121. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Using Dams and Reservoirs to Supply More Water

122. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Using Dams and Reservoirs to Supply More Water

123. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Using Dams and Reservoirs to Supply More Water

124. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Transferring Water From One Place to Another

125. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Transferring Water From One Place to Another

126. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Transferring Water From One Place to Another

127. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: D TOP: Transferring Water From One Place to Another

128. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: D TOP: Transferring Water From One Place to Another

129. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Desalting Seawater, Seeding Clouds, and Towing Icebergs and Giant Baggies

130. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Desalting Seawater, Seeding Clouds, and Towing Icebergs and Giant Baggies

131. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: D TOP: Desalting Seawater, Seeding Clouds, and Towing Icebergs and Giant Baggies

132. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: D TOP: Desalting Seawater, Seeding Clouds, and Towing Icebergs and Giant Baggies

133. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Desalting Seawater, Seeding Clouds, and Towing Icebergs and Giant Baggies

134. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Increasing Water Supplies by Wasting Less Water

135. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Increasing Water Supplies by Wasting Less Water

136. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Increasing Water Supplies by Wasting Less Water

137. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Increasing Water Supplies by Wasting Less Water

138. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Increasing Water Supplies by Wasting Less Water

139. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Increasing Water Supplies by Wasting Less Water

140. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Increasing Water Supplies by Wasting Less Water

141. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: D TOP: Increasing Water Supplies by Wasting Less Water

ID: A

6

142. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Increasing Water Supplies by Wasting Less Water

143. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Increasing Water Supplies by Wasting Less Water

144. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: D TOP: Increasing Water Supplies by Wasting Less Water

145. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: D TOP: Increasing Water Supplies by Wasting Less Water

146. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: D TOP: Too Much Water 147. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Too Much Water 148. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Too Much Water 149. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: D TOP: Too Much Water 150. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Too Much Water 151. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Too Much Water 152. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: D TOP: Too Much Water 153. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Too Much Water 154. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Too Much Water 155. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: D TOP: Too Much Water 156. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: D

TOP: Solutions: Using Water More Sustainably 157. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: D

TOP: Solutions: Using Water More Sustainably 158. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: E

TOP: Water Pollution: Source, Types, and Effects 159. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: E

TOP: Water Pollution: Source, Types, and Effects 160. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: E

TOP: Water Pollution: Source, Types, and Effects 161. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: E

TOP: Water Pollution: Source, Types, and Effects 162. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: M

TOP: Water Pollution: Source, Types, and Effects 163. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: M

TOP: Water Pollution: Source, Types, and Effects 164. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: D

TOP: Water Pollution: Source, Types, and Effects 165. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: E

TOP: Water Pollution: Source, Types, and Effects 166. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: E

TOP: Water Pollution: Source, Types, and Effects 167. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: M

TOP: Water Pollution: Source, Types, and Effects 168. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: D

TOP: Water Pollution: Source, Types, and Effects

ID: A

7

169. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Water Pollution: Source, Types, and Effects

170. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Water Pollution: Source, Types, and Effects

171. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: D TOP: Water Pollution: Source, Types, and Effects

172. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Water Pollution: Source, Types, and Effects

173. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Pollution of Freshwater Streams

174. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Pollution of Freshwater Streams

175. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: D TOP: Pollution of Freshwater Streams

176. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: D TOP: Pollution of Freshwater Streams

177. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: D TOP: Pollution of Freshwater Streams

178. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: D TOP: Pollution of Freshwater Streams

179. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: D TOP: Pollution of Freshwater Lakes

180. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: D TOP: Pollution of Freshwater Lakes

181. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Pollution of Freshwater Lakes

182. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Pollution of Freshwater Lakes

183. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: D TOP: Pollution of Freshwater Lakes

184. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: D TOP: Pollution of Freshwater Lakes

185. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Pollution of Freshwater Lakes

186. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: D TOP: Pollution of Freshwater Lakes

187. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Pollution of Freshwater Lakes

188. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Pollution of Freshwater Lakes

189. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Pollution of Freshwater Lakes

190. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Pollution of Freshwater Lakes

191. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Pollution of Freshwater Lakes

ID: A

8

192. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Pollution of Groundwater

193. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Pollution of Groundwater

194. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: D TOP: Pollution of Groundwater

195. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Pollution of Groundwater

196. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Pollution of Groundwater

197. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Pollution of Groundwater

198. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: D TOP: Pollution of Groundwater

199. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: D TOP: Pollution of Groundwater

200. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Ocean Pollution 201. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Ocean Pollution 202. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Ocean Pollution 203. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Ocean Pollution 204. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Ocean Pollution 205. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: D TOP: Ocean Pollution 206. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Ocean Pollution 207. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: D TOP: Ocean Pollution 208. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Ocean Pollution 209. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: D TOP: Ocean Pollution 210. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Ocean Pollution 211. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: D TOP: Ocean Pollution 212. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Ocean Pollution 213. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Ocean Pollution 214. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: D TOP: Ocean Pollution 215. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Ocean Pollution 216. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Ocean Pollution 217. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Ocean Pollution 218. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: E

TOP: Preventing and Reducing Surface Water Pollution 219. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: D

TOP: Preventing and Reducing Surface Water Pollution 220. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: D

TOP: Preventing and Reducing Surface Water Pollution 221. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: M

TOP: Preventing and Reducing Surface Water Pollution 222. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: E

TOP: Preventing and Reducing Surface Water Pollution

ID: A

9

223. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Preventing and Reducing Surface Water Pollution

224. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: D TOP: Preventing and Reducing Surface Water Pollution

225. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Preventing and Reducing Surface Water Pollution

226. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Preventing and Reducing Surface Water Pollution

227. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Preventing and Reducing Surface Water Pollution

228. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Preventing and Reducing Surface Water Pollution

229. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: D TOP: Preventing and Reducing Surface Water Pollution

230. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Preventing and Reducing Surface Water Pollution

231. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Preventing and Reducing Surface Water Pollution

232. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Preventing and Reducing Surface Water Pollution

233. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: D TOP: Drinking Water Quality 234. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: D TOP: Drinking Water Quality 235. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: D TOP: Drinking Water Quality 236. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Drinking Water Quality