APEC SUMMIT 2015
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Transcript of APEC SUMMIT 2015
7/24/2019 APEC SUMMIT 2015
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/apec-summit-2015 1/9
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) is a forum for 21 Pacific Rimmember
economies[1] that promotes free trade throughout the Asia-Pacificregion. It was estabished in 1!"! in
response to the growing interdependence of Asia-Pacific economies and the ad#ent of regiona trade
bocs in other parts of the word$ to fears that high% industriaised &apan (a member of '") woud
come to dominate economic acti#it% in the Asia-Pacific region$ and to estabish new marets for
agricutura products and raw materias be%ond urope. [2]
An annua AP* conomic +eaders, eeting is attended b% the heads of go#ernment of a AP*
members ecept /aiwan (which is represented b% aministeria-e#e officia under the name *hinese
/aipei as economic leader [0]). /he ocation of the meeting rotates annua% among the member
economies and a famous tradition foowed for most (but not a) summits in#o#es the attending
eaders dressing in a nationa costume of the host countr%.
Contents
[hide]
• 1istor%
• 2ember economies
• 0Possibe enargement
• 34usiness 5aciitation
o 3.1Proposed Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific
• 6AP* 7tud% *entre *onsortium
• 8AP* 4usiness Ad#isor% *ounci
• 9Annua AP* conomic +eaders, eetings
o 9.1eeting de#eopments
o 9.2AP* +eaders, 5ami% Photo
o 9.0eeting ocations
• "*riticism
• !*urrent eaders of AP* conomies
• 1:7ee aso
• 11References
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• 125urther reading
• 10terna ins
History [edit]
/his section does not cite any references (sources). Pease hep impro#e this
section b%adding citations to reiabe sources. ;nsourced materia ma% be
chaenged and remo#ed. (April 2014)
A4* news report of the first AP* meeting in *anberra <o#ember 1!"!. 5eaturing deegates watching
theebourne *up.
In &anuar% 1!"! Austraian Prime inister 4ob awe caed for more effecti#e economic
cooperation across the Pacific Rim region. /his ed to the first meeting of AP* in
the Austraian capita of *anberra in <o#ember chaired b% Austraian 5oreign Affairs inister 'areth
#ans. Attended b% ministers from twe#e countries the meeting concuded with commitments for
future annua meetings in 7ingaporeand =orea.
*ountries of the Association of 7outheast Asian <ations (A7A<) opposed the initia proposa
instead proposing the ast Asia conomic *aucus which woud ecude non-Asian countries such
as the ;nited 7tates *anada Austraia and <ew >eaand. /his pan was opposed because of the
member countries in the America Region. and strong% critici?ed b% &apan and the ;nited 7tates.
/he first AP* conomic +eaders, eeting occurred in 1!!0 when ;.7. President 4i *inton after
discussions with Austraian Prime inister Pau =eating in#ited the heads of go#ernment from
member economies to a summit on 4ae Isand. e beie#ed it woud hep bring the staed ;rugua%
Round of trade tas bac on trac. At the meeting some eaders caed for continued reduction of
barriers to trade and in#estment en#isioning a communit% in the Asia-Pacific region that might
promote prosperit% through cooperation. /he AP* 7ecretariat based in 7ingapore was
estabished to coordinate the acti#ities of the organi?ation.
@uring the meeting in 1!!3 in 4ogor Indonesia AP* eaders adopted the 4ogor 'oas that aim for
free and open trade and in#estment in the Asia-Pacific b% 2:1: for industriai?ed economies and b%
2:2: for de#eoping economies. In 1!!6 AP* estabished a business ad#isor% bod% named the
AP* 4usiness Ad#isor% *ounci (A4A*) composed of three business eecuti#es from each
member econom%.
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In Apri 2::1 the AP* in coaboration with fi#e other internationa organisations (urostat IA
+A@ P* and the ;<7@) aunched the &oint i @ata ercise which became rapid% the &oint
rgani?ation @ata Initiati#e (&@I).
Member economies[edit]
5ormer 7outh =orean PresidentRoh oo-h%un with &apanese Prime inister 7hin?o Abe and ;.7.
President'eorge B. 4ush at AP* 2::8 inanoi Cietnam.
AP* current% has 21 members incuding most countries with a coastine on thePacific cean.
owe#er the criterion for membership is that the member is a separate economy rather than a
state. As a resut AP* uses the term member economies rather than member countries to refer to
its members. ne resut of this criterion is that membership of the forum incudes /aiwan (officia%
the Repubic of *hina participating under the name D*hinese /aipeiD) aongside Peope,s Repubic
of *hina (see *ross-7trait reations) as we as ong =ong which entered AP* as a 4ritish coon%
but it is now a 7pecia Administrati#e Region of the Peope,s Repubic of *hina. AP* aso incudes
three officia obser#ersE A7A< the Pacific Isands 5orumand the Pacific conomic *ooperation
*ounci.[1]
Member economy
(name as used in
APEC)
Date of
accession
GDP(PPP)
(Millions of Int$)
2!"
Austraia <o#ember 1:!!991
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Member economy
(name as used in
APEC)
Date of
accession
GDP(PPP)
(Millions of Int$)
2!"
1!"!
4runei
@arussaam
<o#ember
1!"!02!6"
*anada<o#ember
1!"!
16!6!96
Indonesia<o#ember
1!"!28"6"!0
&apan<o#ember
1!"!3989169
7outh =orea<o#ember
1!"!19"0!6:
aa%sia<o#ember
1!"!98!33"
<ew >eaand<o#ember
1!"! 18:":1
Phiippines<o#ember
1!"!8!032:
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Member economy
(name as used in
APEC)
Date of
accession
GDP(PPP)
(Millions of Int$)
2!"
7ingapore<o#ember
1!"!363038
/haiand<o#ember
1!"!1:8!68!
;nited 7tates <o#ember1!"!
1903":96
*hinese /aipei [3]<o#ember
1!!11:9"9!2
ong =ong
*hina[6]
<o#ember
1!!13::082
Peope,s
Repubic of *hina
<o#ember
1!!11":"":63
eico<o#ember
1!!0213"""3
Papua <ew
'uinea
<o#ember
1!!01"6!6
*hie <o#ember 31:"60
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Member economy
(name as used in
APEC)
Date of
accession
GDP(PPP)
(Millions of Int$)
2!"
1!!3
Peru<o#ember
1!!"0928!3
Russian
5ederation
<o#ember
1!!"
0698"31
Cietnam<o#ember
1!!"6126"2
Possible enlargement[edit]
current members
announced interest in membership
India has reFuested membership in AP* and recei#ed initia support from the ;nited 7tates
&apan[8] and Austraia. fficias ha#e decided not to aow India to Goin for #arious reasons. [9]["]India
does not border the Pacific cean which a current members do. [!] owe#er India was in#ited to be
an obser#er for the first time in <o#ember 2:11.[1:]
4angadesh[11] Paistan[11] 7ri +ana[11] acau[11] ongoia[11] +aos[11] *ambodia[12] *osta Rica
[10] *oombia[10][13] Panama[10] and cuador [16] are among a do?en other economies in#ited for
membership in AP*. *oombia appied for AP*,s membership as ear% as in 1!!6 but its bid was
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hated as the organisation stopped accepting new members from 1!!0 to 1!!8 [18] and the
moratorium was further proonged to 2::9 due to the 1!!9 Asian 5inancia *risis. 'uam has aso
been acti#e% seeing a separate membership citing the eampe of ong =ong but the reFuest is
opposed b% the ;nited 7tates which current% represents 'uam.
Business Facilitation[edit]
AP* has ong been at the forefront of reform efforts in the area of business faciitation. 4etween
2::2 and 2::8 the costs of business transactions across the region was reduced b% 8H thans to
the AP* /rade 5aciitation Action Pan (/5API). 4etween 2::9 and 2:1: AP* hopes to achie#e
an additiona 6H reduction in business transaction costs. /o this end a new /rade 5aciitation Action
Pan has been endorsed. According to a 2::" research brief pubished b% the Bord 4an as part of
its /rade *osts and 5aciitation ProGect increasing transparenc% in the region,s trading s%stem is
critica if AP* is to meet its 4ogor 'oa targets. [19] /he AP* 4usiness /ra#e *ard a tra#e
document for #isa-free business tra#e within the region is one of the concrete measures to faciitate
business. In a% 2:1: Russia Goined the scheme thus competing the circe. [1"]
Proposed Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific [edit]
AP* first forma% started discussing the concept of a 5ree /rade Area of the Asia-Pacific (5/AAP)
at its summit in 2::8 in anoi. owe#er the proposa for such an area has been around since at
east 1!88 and &apanese economist =i%oshi =oGima ( Ga),s proposa for a Pacific 5ree /rade
agreement proposa. Bhie it gained itte traction the idea ed to the formation of Pacific /rade and
@e#eopment *onference and then the Pacific conomic *ooperation *ounci in 1!": and then
AP* in 1!"!.
In the wae of the 2::8 summit economist *. 5red 4ergsten ad#ocated a 5ree /rade Agreement of
Asia-Pacific incuding the ;nited 7tates amongst the proposed parties to an% agreement at that
time.[1!] is ideas con#inced the AP* 4usiness Ad#isor% *ounci to support this concept.
Reated% A7A< and eisting free trade agreement (5/A) partners are negotiating as Regiona
*omprehensi#e conomic Partnership (R*P) not officia% incuding Russia. [2:] /he /rans-Pacific
Partnership(/PP) without *hina or Russia in#o#ed has become the ;7-promoted trade negotiation
in the region. Bith the AP* summit in 4eiGing in 2:13 the two-three pans are a in discussion.
[21] President bama hosted a /PP meeting at the ;7 mbass% in 4eiGing in ad#ance of the AP*
gathering.[22]
/he proposa for a 5/AAP arose due to the ac of progress in the @oha round of Bord /rade
rgani?ation negotiations and as a wa% to o#ercome the Dnoode bowD effect created b%
o#erapping and conficting eements of the copious free trade agreements there were
approimate% 8: free trade agreements in 2::9 with an additiona 119 in the process of negotiation
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in 7outheast Asia and the Asia-Pacific region.[20] In 2:12 A7A<J8 countries aone had 00! free
trade agreements - man% of which were biatera.[23]
/he 5/AAP is more ambitious in scope than the @oha round which imits itsef to reducing trade
restrictions. /he 5/AAP woud create a free trade ?one that woud considerab% epand commerce
and economic growth in the region.[20][26] /he economic epansion and growth in trade coud eceed
the epectations of other regiona free trade areas such as the A7A< Pus
/hree ( A7A< J *hina 7outh =orea and &apan).[28] 7ome criticisms incude that the di#ersion of
trade within AP* members woud create trade imbaances maret conficts and compications with
nations of other regions.[26] /he de#eopment of the 5/AAP is epected to tae man% %ears in#o#ing
essentia studies e#auations and negotiations between member economies. [20] It is aso affected b%
the absence of poitica wi and popuar agitations and obb%ing against free trade in domestic
poitics.[20][29]
At the 2:13 AP* summit in 4eiGing AP* eaders agreed to aunch Da coecti#e strategic stud%D on
the 5/AAP and instruct officias to undertae the stud% consut staehoders and report the resut b%
the end of 2:18.[2"] AP* ecuti#e @irector Aan 4oard re#eaed in the ite /a show that 5/AAP
wi be AP*,s big goa out into the future. [2!]
APEC Study Centre Consortium[edit]
In 1!!0 AP* +eaders decided to estabish a networ of AP* 7tud% *entres among uni#ersities
and research institutions in member economies. [0:]
<otabe centers incudeE
• Austraian AP* 7tud% *entre Ro%a ebourne Institute of /echnoog% Austraia[01]
• 4eree% AP* 7tud% *enter ;ni#ersit% of *aifornia 4eree% ;nited 7tates[02]
• *hinese /aipei AP* 7tud% *entre /aiwan Institute of conomic Research /aiwan[00]
• =; AP* 7tud% *entre ;ni#ersit% of ong =ong ong =ong[03]
• =obe AP* 7tud% *entre =obe ;ni#ersit% &apan[06]
• <anai AP* 7tud% *entre <anai ;ni#ersit% *hina[08]
• Phiippine AP* 7tud% *enter <etwor Phiippine Institute for @e#eopment
7tudies Phiippines
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• /he *anadian AP* 7tud% *entre /he Asia Pacific 5oundation of *anada Cancou#er
*anada[09]
• Indonesian AP* 7tud% *entre AP* 7tud% *entre ;ni#ersit% of Indonesia Indonesia.[0"]
APEC Business Advisory Council[edit]
/his section does not cite any references (sources). Pease hep impro#e this
section b% adding citations to reiabe sources. ;nsourced materia ma% be chaeng
and remo#ed. (March 201)
/he AP* 4usiness Ad#isor% *ounci (A4A*) was created b% the AP* conomic +eaders in
<o#ember 1!!6 with the aim of pro#iding ad#ice to the AP* conomic +eaders on wa%s to achie#e
the 4ogor 'oas and other specific business sector priorities and to pro#ide the business
perspecti#e on specific areas of cooperation. [citation needed ]
ach econom% nominates up to three members from the pri#ate sector to A4A*. /hese business
eaders represent a wide range of industr% sectors. A4A* pro#ides an annua report to AP*
conomic +eaders containing recommendations to impro#e the business and in#estment
en#ironment in the Asia-Pacific region and outining business #iews about priorit% regiona issues.
A4A* is aso the on% non-go#ernmenta organisation that is on the officia agenda of the AP*
conomic +eader,s eeting.[citation needed ]
Annual APEC Economic Leaders' Meetings[edit]
7ince its formation in 1!"! AP* has hed annua meetings with representati#es from a member
economies. /he first four annua meetings were attended b% ministeria-e#e officias. 4eginning in
1!!0 the annua meetings are named AP* conomic +eaders, eetings and are attended b%
the heads of go#ernment from a member economies ecept /aiwan which is represented b% a
ministeria-e#e officia. /he annua +eaders, eetings are not caed summits.
Meetin# deelopments[edit]
In 1!!9 the AP* meeting was hed in Cancou#er . *ontro#ers% aros