APEC: NON TARIFF BARRIERS TO MEXICAN...

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APEC: NON TARIFF BARRIERS TO MEXICAN EXPORTS

DRAFT FOR COMMENTS

December 2005 Clemente Ruiz Duran with the support of Gustavo Peniche Otero and Marco Martinez Garcia

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Index 1. Introduction. ...................................................................................................3 2. Non tariff barriers as an obstacle to free trade...........................................4 3. Mexican exports the basis of structural change ........................................5 4. Mexico trade by regions ................................................................................6 5. Non-Tariff Barriers That Mexico Faces in the Pacific Rim.........................8 6. Non-Tariff Barriers That Mexico Faces in the Pacific Rim by Country ..28 7. Conclusions..................................................................................................52

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1. Introduction. Mexico has become one of the leading export countries of the world, in 2004 exports reached almost 190 billion dollars, from a low of 23 billion in 1990. Most of the exports go to United States and Canada (89 percent of total) and only 2 percent to other Pacific Rim countries. Imports are more diversified US and Canada share is of 60 percent, and other Pacific Rim countries share is of 20 percent. Mexico Pacific Rim balance is positive (14 billion) due to the large surplus that Mexico holds with US, that in 2004 reached 54 billion dollars.

Graph 1. Mexico export boom 1990 to 2004

0

20,000,000

40,000,000

60,000,000

80,000,000

100,000,000

120,000,000

140,000,000

160,000,000

180,000,000

200,000,000

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Exp

ort

s in

th

ou

san

d d

ollars

TotalUS

Outstanding performance of Mexican exports is a bi product of the North American Free Trade agreement signed in 1994. Similar agreements were reached with Japan and Chile, but exports to Japan are below 1990 level and with Chile the agreement has allowed exports to reach 446 millions dollars. The largest export increase among Pacific Rim countries comes out from China that in 1990 was nil reaching almost one billion in 2004. Mexican promotion policy has not worked out an agreement with the rest of the Pacific, so many tariff and non tariff barriers avoids the access of Mexican goods to the region.

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2. Non tariff barriers as an obstacle to free trade. Non-tariff barriers are those measures different from a tariff that are bound to restrict or avoid the entrance of imported goods to a national market. Among the main non-tariff measures we can point out: prohibitions, discretionary fees, minimum prices of entrance, sanitary and phytosanitary norms, technical or origin norms, among a large number of standards that together reduce the volume of trade. As response to an increase in this sort of restrictions World Trade Organization has set a working group to make a follow up, trying to set rules that avoid this procedures as a common practice, as is the case of the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary norms and the Agreement on technical obstacles to the Trade, which determine the guidelines, conditions and procedures that allow to use these measures. Countries are entitled to enforce any measure of technical or sanitary nature that they find necessary, as long as these measures have as the only and clearly verifiable purpose to protect and guarantee suitable conditions for human health, animals, plants and the environment that might be in risk or affected by the international trade. In this sense, the countries must adapt their technical and sanitary legislation to the above-mentioned agreements. However, it should be mentioned that World Trade Organization does not forbid the approval of other kind of barriers such as regulating measures, technical barriers for trading, hygienic, phytosanitary and environmental requirements, as well as other measures that are stated in the article 20 of the GATT. The article 20 is the one that regulates the protection and application format through non-discrimination principles in order to avoid creating excessive obstacles for trading. The Mexican export products have not been excluded from this phenomenon, particularly in some cases where they have to fulfill several regulating measures. The aim of this work is to determine the main non-tariff barriers that Mexico faces, particularly in the case of Asia-Pacific. It will be presented an inventory of the non-tariff barriers towards Mexican exports, analyzing the export levels for Mexico and describing their composition and distribution.

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3. Mexican exports the basis of structural change One of the main features of structural change in Mexico has been the dramatic restructuring of export composition, where oil was the main export good in the eighties, there was a continuous drop of its share in the nineties, while manufacturing goods emerged as the main exporting force, as shown in table 1.

Total Oil Non Oil Agriculture Mining Manufacturing1990 100.0 37.6 62.4 8.1 2.3 52.01991 100.0 19.1 80.9 5.6 1.3 74.01992 100.0 18.0 82.0 4.6 0.8 76.71993 100.0 14.8 85.2 5.4 0.6 79.21994 100.0 12.5 87.5 5.0 0.6 81.81995 100.0 10.9 89.1 5.8 0.6 82.71996 100.0 12.3 87.7 4.3 0.4 82.91997 100.0 10.4 89.6 4.0 0.4 85.21998 100.0 6.2 93.8 3.7 0.4 89.71999 100.0 7.3 92.7 3.3 0.3 89.12000 100.0 9.7 90.3 2.9 0.3 87.12001 100.0 8.3 91.7 2.8 0.2 88.62002 100.0 9.2 90.8 2.6 0.2 87.92003 100.0 11.3 88.7 3.1 0.3 85.42004 100.0 12.6 87.4 3.0 0.5 83.9

Source: INEGI BIE Exportaciones por tipo de bienes. November 17, 2005

Table 1. Exports structural change (% of total)

Main exports by chapter are those of automobile and its parts, electric machinery and materials, and garment industry that explains around 40 percent of all exports, as shown in table 2.

Total Land vehiclesand its

parts

Electric machinery and

materials

Garment Most dynamic export items

Chapter 87 Chapter 85 Chapter 61,62,631993 100.0 13.6 26.6 2.7 42.91994 100.0 13.8 27.7 3.1 44.71995 100.0 15.4 25.5 3.6 44.51996 100.0 17.2 24.9 4.2 46.31997 100.0 16.1 25.6 5.5 47.21998 100.0 16.6 27.2 6.2 50.01999 100.0 17.2 27.9 6.2 51.42000 100.0 17.0 28.6 5.6 51.22001 100.0 17.6 27.3 5.4 50.22002 100.0 17.3 26.3 5.3 48.92003 100.0 16.6 24.8 4.9 46.22004 100.0 15.2 24.7 4.3 44.22005 100.0 14.2 23.9 4.0 42.1Source: INEGI BIE Indicadores del Sector Externo Noviembre 2005

Table 2. Mexico: main export goods (% of total)

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4. Mexico trade by regions Exports and imports by World region are concentrated in the North America (United States and Canada) that explains 90 percent of the exports and 60 percent of the imports, followed by Pacific Rim countries with 2 percent of exports and 20 percent of imports, the third trading partner by region is the European Union with almost 4 percent of exports and 10 percent of imports, and the exports and imports to Latin America Integration Association countries whose share is of 2 and 5 percent respectively. The only region with surplus for Mexico is North America that in 2004 reached 52 billion, absorbed by the deficit of the Pacific Rim countries (37 billion dollars), European Union (14 billions) and Latin America (5 billion). The most dynamic deficit has been with the Pacific Rim countries that grew from 428 million dollars in 1990 to 37 billion in 2004, the two countries where most of the deficit is concentrated is Japan (9 billion) and China (13 billion), with a growing deficit with South Korea (5 billion) and Malaysia and Singapore (5 billion). Pacific Rim deficit can be explained by the weakness of Mexican exports to the region, which has been challenged by a very dynamic behavior of the Asia Pacific exporters that had been able to multiply their exports twenty times in the period 1990 to 2004. A similar process has been observed with the European Union and Latin America, Mexico has been unable to design a strategy to penetrate those markets (although an agreement was signed with the European Union at the turn of the century), but other countries has seen Mexico as a platform to get to the North American market.

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Total

North America (US and Canada)

Pacific Rim without North

America

ALADI European Union Total

North America (US and Canada)

Pacific Rim without North

America

ALADI European Union

1990 26,838 18,915 1,737 883 3,548 100.0 70.5 6.5 3.3 13.21991 42,688 35,078 1,557 987 3,339 100.0 82.2 3.6 2.3 7.81992 46,196 38,468 1,182 1,361 3,398 100.0 83.3 2.6 2.9 7.41993 51,886 44,658 1,208 1,585 2,658 100.0 86.1 2.3 3.1 5.11994 60,882 53,413 1,525 1,591 2,748 100.0 87.7 2.5 2.6 4.51995 79,542 68,455 2,266 2,853 3,382 100.0 86.1 2.8 3.6 4.31996 96,000 82,843 2,912 3,457 3,553 100.0 86.3 3.0 3.6 3.71997 110,431 96,688 2,965 3,737 4,020 100.0 87.6 2.7 3.4 3.61998 117,539 104,714 2,547 2,992 3,884 100.0 89.1 2.2 2.5 3.31999 136,362 122,768 2,343 2,173 5,323 100.0 90.0 1.7 1.6 3.92000 166,121 150,953 2,348 2,792 5,593 100.0 90.9 1.4 1.7 3.42001 158,780 143,835 2,201 3,027 5,351 100.0 90.6 1.4 1.9 3.42002 161,046 145,159 3,050 3,040 5,528 100.0 90.1 1.9 1.9 3.42003 164,766 147,599 3,442 2,918 6,121 100.0 89.6 2.1 1.8 3.72004 187,999 168,090 3,766 4,214 6,706 100.0 89.4 2.0 2.2 3.6

1990 31,272 20,980 2,165 1,282 5,199 100.0 67.1 6.9 4.1 16.61991 49,967 37,538 2,492 1,579 6,196 100.0 75.1 5.0 3.2 12.41992 62,129 45,330 4,193 2,033 7,651 100.0 73.0 6.7 3.3 12.31993 65,367 47,705 4,984 2,154 7,701 100.0 73.0 7.6 3.3 11.81994 79,346 58,609 5,844 2,560 8,952 100.0 73.9 7.4 3.2 11.31995 72,453 55,369 5,923 1,759 6,724 100.0 76.4 8.2 2.4 9.31996 89,469 69,373 6,752 1,963 7,732 100.0 77.5 7.5 2.2 8.61997 109,808 84,150 8,280 2,272 9,901 100.0 76.6 7.5 2.1 9.01998 125,373 95,706 9,415 2,561 11,683 100.0 76.3 7.5 2.0 9.31999 141,975 108,402 10,864 2,835 12,733 100.0 76.4 7.7 2.0 9.02000 174,458 131,834 18,196 4,006 15,033 100.0 75.6 10.4 2.3 8.62001 168,396 118,296 22,495 4,743 16,314 100.0 70.2 13.4 2.8 9.72002 168,679 111,402 27,197 5,474 16,628 100.0 66.0 16.1 3.2 9.92003 170,546 109,844 29,532 6,528 18,005 100.0 64.4 17.3 3.8 10.62004 196,810 116,591 40,891 9,026 20,908 100.0 59.2 20.8 4.6 10.6

1990 -4,433 -2,065 -428 -399 -1,651 100.0 46.6 9.7 9.0 37.21991 -7,279 -2,460 -935 -592 -2,857 100.0 33.8 12.8 8.1 39.31992 -15,934 -6,863 -3,011 -671 -4,253 100.0 43.1 18.9 4.2 26.71993 -13,481 -3,047 -3,776 -568 -5,043 100.0 22.6 28.0 4.2 37.41994 -18,464 -5,196 -4,319 -969 -6,204 100.0 28.1 23.4 5.2 33.61995 7,089 13,086 -3,657 1,095 -3,342 100.0 184.6 -51.6 15.4 -47.11996 6,531 13,470 -3,840 1,494 -4,179 100.0 206.3 -58.8 22.9 -64.01997 624 12,538 -5,315 1,465 -5,880 100.0 2010.6 -852.3 234.9 -943.01998 -7,834 9,008 -6,868 432 -7,799 100.0 -115.0 87.7 -5.5 99.61999 -5,613 14,366 -8,522 -662 -7,410 100.0 -255.9 151.8 11.8 132.02000 -8,337 19,118 -15,848 -1,214 -9,439 100.0 -229.3 190.1 14.6 113.22001 -9,617 25,538 -20,294 -1,716 -10,963 100.0 -265.6 211.0 17.8 114.02002 -7,633 33,756 -24,148 -2,434 -11,100 100.0 -442.3 316.4 31.9 145.42003 -5,779 37,755 -26,090 -3,610 -11,884 100.0 -653.3 451.4 62.5 205.62004 -8,811 51,499 -37,124 -4,811 -14,203 100.0 -584.5 421.3 54.6 161.2

Source: INEGI BIE Balanza comercial por zonas geoeconómicas y principales países Noviembre 17 2005

Exports ( millions of dollars) Exports as % of total

Table 3. Mexican trade by regions 1990 - 2004

Imports ( millions of dollars) Imports as % of total

Balance ( millions of dollars) Balance as % of total

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5. Non-Tariff Barriers That Mexico Faces in the Pacific Rim Mexico trade with the Pacific Rim countries has faced different sort of obstacles, tariff and non tariff barriers, there is no official inventory of all the obstacles faced, but there is a computerized system of BANCOMEXT (Mexico export – import Bank) that allows the tracking of all barriers. In table 4, a summary of the findings are shown; as a guideline to find the main non tariff barriers, the following classification was followed: • Import policies: they are general procedures, mainly administrative, to

obtain an import permission. The import licenses, the rules of customs valuation, and the previous inspection of merchandise, stand out among these policies.

• Technical censuses and rules: They specify the characteristics that the

imported products should have, such as: packing, presentation and labels, as well as the hygienic requirements and phytosanitary measures.

• Intellectual property: measures to protect the copyright and the brands. • Subsidies: Financial contribution from a government to its producers. This

support helps to reduce the production expenses, causing a distortion in the selling prices.

• Trading services: the services are defined as the economic activities that

do not involve a transaction of tangible goods and are not subjected to tariffs. Therefore, the barriers included in this category refer to laws and rules that discriminate in its conception or application. This category includes services like: transport, telecommunication, finance, publicity, consultant activities, etc.

• The trading protection: refers to the measures that a country adopts to

protect a national industry against: increases to the imports (guarantees), dishonest trading practices (dumping), the government or any public organization of a member country that makes a financial contribution (subvention) over a tariff rate and an anti- dumping or compensatory right to imports.

• Tax measures: Taxes in general and other tributary national loads. • Others: all the measures that are omitted in the previous categories. Following this classification a detailed search on the database was realized for each country, and it was found that the main non tariff barriers are faced with the main trading partner US, followed by Japan and South Korea. If compared with the volume of trade, the country that imposes larger trade restrictions to Mexican exports is Russia, South Korea and the Philippines.

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Share of total Xs (%)

Mexican Exports subject to NTM

Share ot total Xs subject to NTM (%)

Share of Xs subject to NTM to total exports

(%)187,998.6 100.00171,856.6 91.41 8,234.2 100.000 4.8

1 US 164,798.7 87.66 8,047.1 97.728 4.92 Canada 3,291.5 1.75 4.2 0.051 0.13 Japan 1,190.5 0.63 96.1 1.168 8.14 China 986.3 0.52 17.8 0.217 1.85 Chile 442.9 0.24 26.8 0.325 6.06 Singapore 312.0 0.17 2.7 0.033 0.97 Australia 274.7 0.15 1.0 0.012 0.48 South Korea 219.0 0.12 21.4 0.260 9.89 Hong Kong 173.5 0.09 9.3 0.113 5.3

10 Malaysia 57.4 0.03 1.3 0.015 2.211 Thailand 51.2 0.03 0.9 0.011 1.812 Russia 25.8 0.01 4.0 0.048 15.413 Philippines 17.8 0.01 1.5 0.019 8.614 New Zeland 15.4 0.01 0.1 0.002 0.9

Pacific Rim ExportsTotal Mexican Exports

Table 4. Mexican Exports subject to NTM in the Pacific Rim Countries (millions of dollars)

Source: INEGI BIE Indicadores del Sector Externo Noviembre 2005; Bancomext Sistema de Información de Comercio Exterior

Results of the detailed analysis are shown in table 5 and 6 through 34.

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Table 5. Non Tariff Barriers that México face in the Pacific Rim Maintaining participant

(I)

Products affected by the barrier

(II) Nature of the barrier.

(III) Trade effects of the

barrier (IV)

Inventory category

(V)

Australia Products of birds and farm chickens.

Requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Australian quarantine and inspection services. Increases export costs. Part IV, B

Australia Ornamental live fish

Licenses and Permits for the importation defined in the: Convention on Intern Endangered Species (CITES) of the Minister for the Environment and Heritage.

Export restrictions. Part IV, C

Australia Leather factories; trip articles, hand handbags and briefcases (wallets).


Export restrictions. Part II, H

Canada

Milk and cream (it cremates), concentrated or with addition of sugar. Powdered milk or in pills.

Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade, Export and Import Controls Bureau.


Canada Butter and fatty other matters of the milk



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Maintaining participant

(I)




barrier (IV)

Inventory category

(V)

Canada Live plants Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Canada Wildlife Service - Environment Canada.

Export restrictions. Part IV, B

Canada Corn. Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Canadian Food Inspection Agency. Increases export costs. Part IV, B

Canada Leather factories; trip articles, hand handbags and briefcases (wallets).

Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Canada Wildlife Service - Environment Canada.


Chile Meat of animals of the bovine species, fresh or refrigerated.

Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Ministry of Health. Inspections. Agriculture and Livestock Service

Increases export costs. Part IV, B

Chile Bird eggs, fresh airs, kept or boiled.


Export restrictions. Part IV, B y C

Chile Avocados. Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Agriculture and Livestock Service. Export restrictions. Part IV, B

12


(I)




barrier (IV)

Inventory category

(V)

Chile

Coffee, toasted or decaffeinated even; coffee shell and husk; substitute of the coffee that contain coffee in any proportion.

Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Agriculture and Livestock Service. Export restrictions. Part IV, B

Chile Corn. Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Agriculture and Livestock Service. Export restrictions. Part IV, B

Chile Chocolate and food other preparations that contain cacao.

Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Agriculture and Livestock Service. Export restrictions. Part IV, B

Chile Products to cereal obtained by inflated or ocher base.

Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Public Health Care Service. Export restrictions. Part IV, C

Chile Sauce tomato, (Ketchup). Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Public Health Care Service. Export restrictions. Part IV, B

Chile Malt beer. Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Public Health Care Service. Inspections. Agriculture and Livestock Service.


Chile Medicaments in multiple nuclei and delayed breakup tablets.

Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Public Health Care Service. Inspections. Agriculture and Livestock Service.


13


(I)




barrier (IV)

Inventory category

(V)

China Live animals of the bovine species. Reproductive of pure race.

Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary; inspect required for General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine


China

Meat of animals of the pork species, fresh or refrigerated. In canals or stockings canals.



China Live fish



China Crustaceans, shrimps, prawns and other Decapodous natantia.

Requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine


China Live plants



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(I)




barrier (IV)

Inventory category

(V)

China Onions.



China Garlic.



China Rice flour.



China Vegetal matter products. Licenses and Permits; inspect required for General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine

Increases export costs and causes delays. Part II, H

China Leathers and skins, rough, of bovine.

Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary; inspect required for General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine and the Endangered Species Import and Export Management Office of the State Forestry Administration.


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(I)




barrier (IV)

Inventory category

(V)

China Leathers and skins, rough, of bovine.



South Korea Meat of animals of the bovine species, fresh or refrigerated.

Mechanisms of special security, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service.


South Korea Meat of animals of the pork species, fresh or refrigerated.

Licenses and Permits for the importation, mechanisms of special security, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service.


South Korea Ornamental live fish Licenses and Permits for the importation, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. National Fisheries Research and Development Institute.


South Korea Milk and cream (it cremates), concentrated or with addition of sugar.

Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Korea Environment Corporation. Export restrictions. Part IV, C

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(I)




barrier (IV)

Inventory category

(V)

South Korea Guts, bladders and stomachs of animal, excepting them of fish.

Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Korea Environment Corporation. National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service.


South Korea Onions. Requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Korea Food and Drug Administration, National Quarantine Station.

Increases export costs and causes delays. Part IV, B

South Korea Green tea. Requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Korea Food and Drug Administration, National Quarantine Station.


South Korea Nucleic acids and his salts. Licenses and Permits. Korea Pharmaceutical Traders Association.


Philippines Live animals of the pork species.

Licenses and Permits. Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau. Export restrictions. Part IV, B

Philippines Natural Money. Prohibition. Bureau of Customs, Department of Finance. Export prohibitions Part I, D

Philippines Glycerol in dense. Prohibition. Bureau of Customs, Department of Finance. Export prohibitions Part I, D

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(I)




barrier (IV)

Inventory category

(V)

Philippines Vegetal waxes. Prohibition. Bureau of Customs, Department of Finance. Export prohibitions Part I, D

Philippines Glucose Prohibition. Bureau of Customs, Department of Finance. Export prohibitions Part I, D

Philippines Products of patisserie without cacao.

Prohibition. Bureau of Customs, Department of Finance. Export prohibitions Part I, D

Hong Kong Live fish

Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Endangered Species Protection Division of the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department.


Hong Kong Mollusks.



Hong Kong Fruiting trees.



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(I)




barrier (IV)

Inventory category

(V)

Japan Live animals.

Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary, Inspect. Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries and Natural Environmental Protection Bureau, Environmental Agency.

Increases export costs and causes delays. Part IV, C

Japan Meat of animals of the bovine species, fresh or refrigerated.

Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary, Inspect. Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.


Japan Meat of birds, fresh or refrigerated.



Japan Bacon. Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary, Inspect. Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.


Japan Ornamental live fish

Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary, Inspect. Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries and Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare.

Increases export costs. Part IV, C

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(I)




barrier (IV)

Inventory category

(V)

Japan Fish, fresh or refrigerated.



Japan Shrimps and prawns.



Japan Oysters.



Japan Yogurt. Licenses and Permits. Inspect. Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare. Export restrictions. Part IV, B

Japan Natural honey Licenses and Permits. Inspect. Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare. Export restrictions. Part IV, B

Japan Guts, bladders and stomachs of animal, excepting them of fish



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(I)




barrier (IV)

Inventory category

(V)

Japan Fruiting trees. Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary, Inspect. Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.


Japan Gladiola flower. Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary, Inspect. Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.


Japan Moss. Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary, Inspect... Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.


Japan Onions Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary, Inspect. Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.


Japan Garlic. Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary, Inspect. Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.


Japan Funguses. Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary, Inspect. Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.


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(I)




barrier (IV)

Inventory category

(V)

Japan Bananas. Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary, Inspect. Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.


Japan Avocados. Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary, Inspect. Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.


Japan Tea aromatized. Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary, Inspect. Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.


Japan

Coffee, toasted or decaffeinated even; coffee shell and husk; substitute of the coffee that contain coffee in any proportion.



Japan Oat. Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary, Inspect. Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.


Japan Hygienic paper. Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary. Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare. Export restrictions. Part IV, B

22


(I)




barrier (IV)

Inventory category

(V)

Malaysia Chickpeas. Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Food Quality Control Division, Ministry of Health


Malaysia Corn starch. Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Food Quality Control Division, Ministry of Health


Malaysia Preparations to excerpts, essences or concentrates base or to coffee base.

Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Food Quality Control Division, Ministry of Health


Malaysia Hydrogen chloride. Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Ministry of Health Export restrictions. Part IV, C

Malaysia Browning’s and preparations.



Malaysia Pipe tubes and accessories.

Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Director General of Environmental Quality.


New Zealand Milk powdery or in pills. Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. Export restrictions. Part IV, C

23


(I)




barrier (IV)

Inventory category

(V)

New Zealand Sesame seed. (ajonjoli). Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. Export restrictions. Part IV, C

New Zealand Wood products. Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry.


New Zealand Products of wood for the construction.

Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry.


Russian Federation Live animals

Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Veterinary Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Food.


Russian Federation Live plants Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and

phytosanitary. Ministry of Agriculture and Food. Export restrictions. Part IV, C

Russian Federation Avocados Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and

phytosanitary. Ministry of Agriculture and Food. Increases export costs and causes delays. Part IV, B

Russian Federation Bamboo. Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and

phytosanitary. Ministry of Agriculture and Food. Increases export costs and causes delays. Part IV, C

Russian Federation Ethylic alcohol.

Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. State Standards Regulations Committee.


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(I)




barrier (IV)

Inventory category

(V)

Russian Federation Pure oils of the petroleum. Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and

phytosanitary. State Ecology Committee Increases export costs and causes delays. Part IV, B

Russian Federation Paper.

Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. State Standards Regulations Committee.


Singapore Sardines.

Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Agri-food and Veterinary Authority, Food and Veterinary Administration, Import and Export Division.


Singapore Fish rubbish.



Singapore Pease.



Singapore Chocolate and food other preparations that contain cacao.



25


(I)




barrier (IV)

Inventory category

(V)

Singapore Leathers and skins.



Thailand Sugar, included the lactose and the glucose

Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Food Control Division of the Food and Drug Administration.


Thailand Ethylic alcohol. Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Food and Drug Administration. Export restrictions. Part IV, B

Thailand Leather factories; trip articles, hand handbags and briefcases (wallets).

Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives.


United States Live animals Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.


United States Meat and scrapses Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.


United States Fishes, crustaceans and mollusks.

Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Fish and Wildlife Services.


26


(I)




barrier (IV)

Inventory category

(V)

United States Products edibles of animal origin.

Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.


United States Live plants Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.


United States Tomatoes Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Anti - dumping. Services

Increases export costs and causes delays.

Part II, A - IV, C

United States Vanilla. Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.


United States Wheat. Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.


United States Beans. Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.


United States Tuna. Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Food and Drug Administration. Export restrictions. Part IV, B

United States Cane sugar. Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Food and Drug Administration. Export restrictions. Part IV, B

27


(I)




barrier (IV)

Inventory category

(V)

United States Water mineral. Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Food and Drug Administration. Export restrictions. Part IV, B

United States Tobacco. Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Food and Drug Administration. Export restrictions. Part IV, B

United States Salt Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Food and Drug Administration. Export restrictions. Part IV, B

United States Vitamin C. Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Food and Drug Administration. Export restrictions. Part IV, B

United States Medicaments. Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Food and Drug Administration. Export restrictions. Part IV, B

United States Leather factories; trip articles, hand handbags and briefcases (wallets).

Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.


United States Wood products, Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.


Source: BANCOMEXT. Trade Wizard. November 2005.

28

6. Non-Tariff Barriers That Mexico Faces in the Pacific Rim by Country México export to the Pacific Rim $171, 856 millions of dollars, this represents the 91.41% of the total exports. $8, 234.2 millions of dollars are subject to non tariff barriers in the Pacific rim, this is the 4.8% of mexican exports towards the Pacific rim in 2004. The study identified 111 non-tariff barriers distributed in 14 countries, In an more precise analysis by Country we have the following results, see table 6.

Table 6. Mexican Exports subject to NTM in the Pacific Rim Countries

Million of dollars Share

of total Xs (%)

Mexican Exports subject to NTM

Share ot total Xs subject to NTM

(%)

Share of Xs subject to

NTM to total exports (%)

Number of non tariff barriers

Total Mexican Exports 187,998.6 100.00 111 Pacific Rim Exports 171,856.6 91.41 8,234.2 100.000 4.8

1 US 164,798.7 87.66 8,047.1 97.728 4.9 18 2 Canada 3,291.5 1.75 4.2 0.051 0.1 5 3 Japan 1,190.5 0.63 96.1 1.168 8.1 23 4 China 986.3 0.52 17.8 0.217 1.8 10 5 Chile 442.9 0.24 26.8 0.325 6.0 10 6 Singapore 312.0 0.17 2.7 0.033 0.9 5 7 Australia 274.7 0.15 1.0 0.012 0.4 3 8 South Korea 219.0 0.12 21.4 0.260 9.8 8 9 Hong Kong 173.5 0.09 9.3 0.113 5.3 3

10 Malaysia 57.4 0.03 1.3 0.015 2.2 6 11 Thailand 51.2 0.03 0.9 0.011 1.8 3 12 Russia 25.8 0.01 4.0 0.048 15.4 7 13 Philippines 17.8 0.01 1.5 0.019 8.6 6 14 New Zeland 15.4 0.01 0.1 0.002 0.9 4 Source: INEGI: BIE Indicadores del Sector Externo Noviembre 2005; Bancomext Sistema de Información de Comercio Exterior; Table 5.

The country that have more non tariff barriers according to our information is Japan, with 23 non tariiff barriers, next come United States with 18, China and Chile with 10, South Korea with 8, Russian Federation with 7, Malaysia and Philippines with 6, Singapore with 5, New Zealand with 4 and three Countrys with 3 non tariff barriers: Australia, Hong Kong and Thailand. Next shows up an analysis according to our information of the distribution of NTB by country.

29

Australia Australia presents tree products affected for non tariif barriers, the NTB are the type of requeriments sanitary and phytosanitary, and licenses and permits. The effects on the trade of the barriers are the following ones: increases export costs and export restrictions. The percentage of exports subject to a non tariff barriers is 0.6%. In the table 8 we can see the supervisory agency in this Country. See table 7 and 8.

Table 7. Australia Products affected by the

barrier Nature of the barrier. Trade effects of the barrier

Inventory category

Products of birds and farm chickens.

Requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Australian quarantine and inspection services.


Ornamental live fish



Leather factories; trip articles, hand handbags and briefcases (wallets).


Export restrictions. Part II, H

Source: BANCOMEXT; Trade Wizard

Table 8. Australia

Chapter Millions of US

dollars % NTM restriction Supervisory agency

TOTAL 164,749,076 100 Exports subject to NTM 1,008,074 0.6119

Live animals. 1 238.00 0.0001 Requirements sanitary and phytosanitary.

General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine

Fish & crustacean, mollusc & other aquatic invertebrate

3 0 0.000 Licenses and Permits for the importation

Defined in the: Convention on Intern Endangered Species (CITES) of the Minister for the Environment and Heritage.

Articles of leather; saddlery/harness; travel goods etc

42 1,007,836.00 0.612 Licenses and Permits for the importation

Defined in the: Convention on Intern Endangered Species (CITES) of the Minister for the Environment and Heritage.

Source: BANCOMEXT; Trade Wizard Canada Canada have 5 products affected for non tariif barriers, the NTB are the type of licenses and permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary, the effects on the trade of the barriers are the following ones: increases export costs and

30

export restrictions. The percentage of exports subject to a non tariff barriers is 0.15%. See table 9 and 10.

Table 9. Canada Products affected by the


Inventory category

Milk and cream (it cremates),concentrated or with additionof sugar. Powdered milk or inpills.



Butter and fatty other mattersof the milk



Live plants



Corn.

Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Canadian Food Inspection Agency.


Leather factories; trip articles,hand handbags andbriefcases (wallets).




Table 10. Canada

Chapter Millions of US dollars % NTM restriction Supervisory agency

TOTAL 2,796,267,112 100 Exports subject to NTM 4,193,393 0.1500

Dairy prod; birds' eggs; natural honey; edible prod nes

4 361,202.00 0.0129 Licenses and Permits, Requirements sanitary and phytosanitary.

Department of Foreing Affairs and International Trade, Export and Import Controls Bureau.

Live tree & other plant; bulb, root; cut flowers etc

6 1,394,434.00 0.0499 Licenses and Permits, Requirements sanitary and phytosanitary.

Canada Wildlife Service - Environment Canada.

Cereals. 10 667 0.000 Licenses and Permits, Requirements sanitary and phytosanitary.

Canadian Food Inspection Agency.

Articles of leather; saddlery/harness; travel goods etc


Canada Wildlife Service - Environment Canada.

Source: INEGI; BANCOMEXT; Trade Wizard

31

Chile Chile is one of the countries that have more non tariff barriers, the NTB that were detected was in 10 products, are of the type of licenses and permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary, the effects on the trade of the barriers are the following ones: increases export costs and export restrictions. The percentage of exports subject to a non tariff barriers is 4.8%, the chapter 30 is the more affected with the 2.4%. In the table 12 we can see the supervisory agency in this Country. See table 11 and 12.

Table 11. Chile Products affected by the


Inventory category

Meat of animals of the bovinespecies, fresh or refrigerated.

Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Ministry of Health.Inspections. Agriculture and Livestock Service


Bird eggs, fresh airs, kept orboiled.


Export restrictions. Part IV, B y C

Avocados.

Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Agriculture and Livestock Service.


Coffee, toasted ordecaffeinated even; coffeeshell and husk; substitute of the coffee that contain coffeein any proportion.



Corn.



Chocolate and food otherpreparations that containcacao.



Products to cereal obtainedby inflated or ocher base.

Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Public Health Care Service.


Sauce tomato, (Ketchup).

Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Public Health Care Service.


32

Malt beer.



Medicaments in multiplenuclei and delayed breakuptablets.




Table 12. Chile




Meat and edible meat offal. 2 82,444.00 0.0148

Licenses and Permits, Requirements sanitary and phytosanitary.

Ministry of Health .Inspecciones. Agriculture andLivestock Service



Ministry of Health .Inspecciones. Agriculture andLivestock Service

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons.


Agriculture and Livestock Service.

Coffee, tea, matû and spices. 9 948,417.00 0.1708


Agriculture and LivestockService.

Cereals. 10 35,033.00 0.0063 Licenses and Permits, Requirements sanitary and phytosanitary.


Cocoa and cocoa preparations. 18 268,381.00 0.0483



Prep of cereal, flour, starch/milk; pastrycooks' prod


Public Health Care Service.

Miscellaneous edible preparations. 21 3,479,090.00 0.6264


Public Health Care Service.

Beverages, spirits and vinegar. 22 3,415,013.00 0.6149


Public Health Care Service.Inspecciones. Agriculture andLivestock Service.

Pharmaceutical products. 30 13,532,493.00 2.4366


Public Health Care Service.Inspecciones. Agriculture andLivestock Service.


33

China China have 10 products affected for non tariff barriers, the NTB are the type of licenses and permits, requirements and inspections sanitary and phytosanitary, the effects on the trade of the barriers are the following ones: increases export costs and causes delays and export restrictions. The percentage of exports subject to a non tariff barriers is 3.7%, being the chapters 3 and 41 those that more affected. See table 13 and 14.

Table 13. China Products affected by the


Inventory category

Live animals of the bovine species. Reproductive of pure race.



Meat of animals of the pork species, fresh or refrigerated. In canals or stockings canals.



Live fish



Crustaceans, shrimps, prawns and other Decapodous natantia.

Requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine


Live plants



Onions.



34

Garlic.



Rice flour.



Leathers and skins, rough, of bovine.



Vegetal matter products.

Licenses and Permits; inspect required for General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine



Table 14. China




Live animals. 1 20,000.00 0.004 Licenses and Permits, Requirements sanitary and phytosanitary.


Meat and edible meat offal. 2 103,897.00 0.022









Edible vegetables and certain roots and tubers.



Prod mill indust; malt; starches; inulin; wheat gluten

11 0.00 0.000 Licenses and Permits, Requirements sanitary and phytosanitary.


35

Raw hides and skins (other than furskins) and leather.


Endangered Species Import and Export Management Office of the State Forestry Administration

Manufactures of straw, esparto/other plaiting mat; etc



Source: INEGI; BANCOMEXT; Trade Wizard Hong Kong Hong Kong presents tree products affected for non tariif barriers, the NTB are the type of requeriments sanitary and phytosanitary, and licenses and permits. The effect on the trade of the barrier is: export restrictions. The percentage of exports subject to a non tariff barriers is 3.3%. See table 15 and 16.

Table 15. Hong Kong Products affected by the


Inventory category

Live fish



Mollusks.



Fruiting trees.




Table 16. Hong Kong





3 9,278,004.00 3.3094

Licenses and Permits,Requirements sanitary and phytosanitary.

Endangered SpeciesProtection Division of theAgriculture, Fisheries andConservation Department.

36


6 2,906.00 0.0010

Licenses and Permits,Requirements sanitary and phytosanitary.

Endangered SpeciesProtection Division of theAgriculture, Fisheries andConservation Department.

Source: INEGI; BANCOMEXT; Trade Wizard Japan Japan is the country with more non tariff barriers with 23 products affected, the NTB are the type of licenses and permits, requirements and inspections sanitary and phytosanitary, the effects on the trade of the barriers are the following ones: increases export costs and causes delays and export restrictions. The percentage of exports subject to a non tariff barriers is 17.3%, being the chapters 3 and 8 those that more affected. See table 17 and 18.

Table 17. Japan Products affected by the

barrier Nature of the barrier. Trade effects of the

barrier Inventory category

Live animals.

Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary, Inspect. Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries and Natural Environmental Protection Bureau, Environmental Agency.





Meat of birds, fresh orrefrigerated.



Bacon.






Fish, fresh or refrigerated.



37

Shrimps and prawns.



Oysters.



Yogurt. Licenses and Permits. Inspect. Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare.


Natural honey Licenses and Permits. Inspect. Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare.


Guts, bladders and stomachsof animal, excepting them offish



Fruiting trees.



Gladiola flower.



Moss.

Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary, Inspect... Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.


Onions



Garlic.



Funguses.



38

Bananas.



Avocados.



Coffee, toasted ordecaffeinated even; coffee shell and husk; substitute ofthe coffee that contain coffeein any proportion.



Tea aromatized.



Oat.



Hygienic paper. Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary. Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare.



Table 18. Japan




Live animals. 1 150.00 0.0000

Licenses and Permits, Requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Inspect.

Ministry of Agriculture,Forestry and Fisheries andNatural EnvironmentalProteccion Bureau,Environmental Agency.

Meat and edible meat offal. 2 6,263,579.00 1.1320


Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.


3 46,749,135.00 8.4488


Ministry of Agriculture,Forestry and Fisheries andMinistry of Health, Labour andWelfare.


4 985,726.00 0.1781 Licenses and Permits. Inspect. Ministry of Health, Labour and

Welfare.

39

Products of animal origin, nes or included. 5 66,963.00 0.0121


Ministry of Agriculture,Forestry and Fisheries.


6 129,850.00 0.0235




7 5,666,227.00 1.0240




8 30,003,194.00 5.4223



Coffee, tea, matû and spices. 9 6,104,136.00 1.1032



Cereals. 10 6.00 0.0000


Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.

Paper & paperboard; art of paper pulp, paper/paperboard

48 175,274.00 0.0317 Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary. Ministry of Health, Labour and

Welfare.

Source: INEGI; BANCOMEXT; Trade Wizard Malaysia Malaysia presents six products affected for non tariif barriers, the NTB are the type of requeriments sanitary and phytosanitary, and licenses and permits. The effects on the trade of the barriers are the following ones: increases export costs and causes delays and export restrictions. The percentage of exports subject to a non tariff barriers is 2.8%. See table 19 and 20.

Table 19. Malaysia Products affected by the


Inventory category

Chickpeas.



Corn starch.



40

Preparations to excerpts, essences or concentrates base or to coffee base.



Hydrogen chloride. Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Ministry of Health


Browning’s and preparations.



Pipe tubes and accessories.

Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Director General of Environmental Quality.


Source: Table 5.

Table 20. Malaysia



TOTAL 43,560,120 100 Exports subject to NTM 1,251,401 2.8728 Edible vegetables and certain roots and tubers.


Food Quality Control Division,Ministry of Health

Prod mill indust; malt; starches; inulin; wheat gluten


Food Quality ControlDivision, Ministry of Health

Miscellaneous edible preparations. 21 284,736.00 0.6537


Food Quality ControlDivision, Ministry of Health

Inorgn chem; compds of prec met, radioact elements etc


Ministry of Health

Tanning/dyeing extract; tannins & derivs; pigm etc


Food Quality Control Division,Ministry of Health

Plastics and articles thereof. 39 0.00 0.0000


Director General ofEnvironmental Quality.

Source: INEGI; BANCOMEXT; Trade Wizard New Zealand New Zealand presents 4 products affected for non tariif barriers, the NTB are the type of requeriments sanitary and phytosanitary, and licenses and permits. The effects on the trade of the barriers are the following ones: increases export costs and causes delays and export restrictions. The percentage of exports subject to a non tariff barriers is 1.4%. See table 21 and 22.

41

Table 21. New Zealand Products affected by the



Milk powdery or in pills. Licenses and Permits, requirementssanitary and phytosanitary. Ministry ofAgriculture and Forestry.


Sesame seed. (ajonjoli). Licenses and Permits, requirementssanitary and phytosanitary. Ministry ofAgriculture and Forestry.


Wood products. Licenses and Permits, requirementssanitary and phytosanitary. Ministry ofAgriculture and Forestry.


Products of wood for theconstruction.

Licenses and Permits, requirementssanitary and phytosanitary. Ministry ofAgriculture and Forestry.



Table 22. New Zealand



TOTAL 9,809,126 100 Exports subject to NTM 141,012 1.4376 Dairy prod; birds' eggs; natural honey; edible prod nes


Ministry of Agriculture andForestry.

Oil seed, oleagi fruits; miscell grain, seed, fruit etc



Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal. 44 24,220.00 0.2469



Source: INEGI; BANCOMEXT; Trade Wizard Philippines Philippines presents 6 products affected for non tariif barriers, the NTB are the type of requeriments sanitary and phytosanitary and in most of the cases prohibitions exist. The effects on the trade of the barriers are the following ones: export prohibitions and export restrictions. The percentage of exports subject to a non tariff barriers is 12%, being the chapters 4 and 17 those that more affected. See table 23 and 24.

42

Table 23. Philippines


Nature of the barrier. Trade effects of the barrier

Inventory category

Live animals of the porkspecies. Licenses and Permits. Protected

Areas and Wildlife Bureau. Export restrictions. Part IV, B

Natural Money. Prohibition. Bureau of Customs, Department of Finance. Export prohibitions Part I, D

Glycerol in dense. Prohibition. Bureau of Customs,Department of Finance. Export prohibitions Part I, D

Vegetal waxes. Prohibition. Bureau of Customs,Department of Finance. Export prohibitions Part I, D

Glucose Prohibition. Bureau of Customs,Department of Finance. Export prohibitions Part I, D

Products of patisserie withoutcacao. Prohibition. Bureau of Customs,

Department of Finance. Export prohibitions Part I, D


Table 24. Philippines




Live animals. 1 25.00 0.0002 Licenses and Permits Protected Áreas and Wildlife Bureau.


4 491,271.00 3.8542 Prohibition Bureau of Customs, Departmentof Finance.

Animal/veg fats & oils & their cleavage products; etc

15 313.00 0.0025 Prohibition Bureau of Customs, Departmentof Finance.

Sugars and sugar confectionery. 17 1,043,712.00 8.1884 Prohibition Bureau of Customs, Department

of Finance. Source: INEGI; BANCOMEXT; Trade Wizard

Russian Federation Russia presents 7 products affected for non tariif barriers, the NTB are the type of licenses and permits, requirements and inspections sanitary and phytosanitary, the effects on the trade of the barriers are the following ones: increases export costs and causes delays and export restrictions. The percentage of exports subject to a non tariff barriers is 30%, being the chapter 30 the more affected with 29%. See table 25 and 26.

43

Table 25. Russian Federation Products affected by the



Live animals

Licenses and Permits, requirementssanitary and phytosanitary. VeterinaryDepartment of the Ministry ofAgriculture and Food.


Live plants Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Ministry ofAgriculture and Food.


Avocados Licenses and Permits, requirementssanitary and phytosanitary. Ministry ofAgriculture and Food.


Bamboo. Licenses and Permits, requirementssanitary and phytosanitary. Ministry ofAgriculture and Food.


Ethylic alcohol. Licenses and Permits, requirementssanitary and phytosanitary. State Standards Regulations Committee.


Pure oils of the petroleum. Licenses and Permits, requirementssanitary and phytosanitary. StateEcology Committee


Paper. Licenses and Permits, requirementssanitary and phytosanitary. StateStandards Regulations Committee.



Table 26. Russian Federation




Live animals. 1 10.00 0.0001 Licenses and Permits, Requirements sanitary and phytosanitary.

Veterinary Department of the Ministry of Agriculture andFood.



Ministry of Agriculture andFood.




Vegetable plaiting materials; vegetable products nes



44

Beverages, spirits and vinegar. 22 3,840,875.00 29.6756

Licenses and Permits, Requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. State Standars Regulations Committe.

State Standars RegulationsCommitte.

Mineral fuels, oils & product of their distillation; etc


State Ecology Committee

Paper & paperboard; art of paper pulp, paper/paperboard


State Standars RegulationsCommitte.

Source: INEGI; BANCOMEXT; Trade Wizard Singapore Singapore presents 5 products affected for non tariif barriers, the NTB are the type of requeriments sanitary and phytosanitary, and licenses and permits. The effects on the trade of the barriers are the following ones: increases export costs and causes delays. The percentage of exports subject to a non tariff barriers is 1.02%. See table 27 and 28.

Table 27. Singapore Products affected by the



Sardines.

Licenses and Permits, requirementssanitary and phytosanitary. Agri-food and Veterinary Authority, Food andVeterinary Administration, Import and Export Division.


Fish rubbish.

Licenses and Permits, requirementssanitary and phytosanitary. Agri-food and Veterinary Authority, Food andVeterinary Administration, Import andExport Division.


Pease.



Chocolate and food otherpreparations that containcacao.



Leathers and skins.




45

South Korea South Korea presents 8 products affected for non tariif barriers, the NTB are the type of licenses and permits for the importation, mechanisms of special security, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. The effects on the trade of the barriers are the following ones: increases export costs and causes delays and export restrictions.The percentage of exports subject to a non tariff barriers is 19.2%, being the chapters 2, 3 and 29 those that more affected. See table 29 and 30.

Table 28. Singapore






Agri-food and Veterinary Authority, Food and Veterinary Administration, Import and Export Division.







Cocoa and cocoa preparations. 18 53,297.00 0.0202







46

Table 29. South Korea Products affected by the

barrier

Nature of the barrier. Trade effects of the



Mechanisms of special security,requirements sanitary andphytosanitary. National VeterinaryResearch and Quarantine Service.


Meat of animals of the porkspecies, fresh or refrigerated.

Licenses and Permits for theimportation, mechanisms of specialsecurity, requirements sanitary andphytosanitary. National VeterinaryResearch and Quarantine Service.



Licenses and Permits for theimportation, requirements sanitary andphytosanitary. National FisheriesResearch and Development Institute.


Milk and cream (it cremates),concentrated or with additionof sugar.

Licenses and Permits, requirementssanitary and phytosanitary. KoreaEnvironment Corporation.


Guts, bladders and stomachsof animal, excepting them of fish.

Licenses and Permits, requirementssanitary and phytosanitary. KoreaEnvironment Corporation. NationalVeterinary Research and QuarantineService.


Onions.

Requirements sanitary andphytosanitary. Korea Food and Drug Administration, National QuarantineStation.


Green tea.

Requirements sanitary andphytosanitary. Korea Food and DrugAdministration, National QuarantineStation.


Nucleic acids and his salts. Licenses and Permits. KoreaPharmaceutical Traders Association. Increases export costs

and causes delays. Part II, H


47

Thailand Thailand presents 3 products affected for non tariif barriers, the NTB are the type of requeriments sanitary and phytosanitary, and licenses and permits. The effects on the trade of the barriers are the following ones: increases export costs and causes delays and export restrictions. The percentage of exports subject to a non tariff barriers is 3.6%. See table 27 and 28.

Table 31. Thailand Products affected by the



Sugar, included the lactose and the glucose

Licenses and Permits, requirementssanitary and phytosanitary. FoodControl Division of the Food and DrugAdministration.


Ethylic alcohol. Licenses and Permits, requirementssanitary and phytosanitary. Food andDrug Administration.


Table 30. South Korea





Licenses and Permits for the importation, mechanisms of special security, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary.

National VeterinaryResearch and QuarantineService.



National FisheriesResearch and DevelopmentInstitute.



Korea EnvironmentCorporation.



Korea EnvironmentCorporation. NationalVeterinary Research andQuarantine Service.



Korea Food and DrugAdministration, NationalQuarantine Station.

Coffee, tea, matû and spices. 9 1,933.00 0.002


Korea Food and DrugAdministration, NationalQuarantine Station.

Organic chemicals. 29 16,393,646.00 14.768 Licenses and Permits. Korea PharmaceuticalTraders Association.


48


Licenses and Permits, requirementssanitary and phytosanitary. Ministryof Agriculture and Cooperatives.



Table 32. Thailand



TOTAL 25,275,400 100 Exports subject to NTM 916,583 3.6264

Sugars and sugar confectionery. 17 39,814.00 0.1575


Food Control Division of theFood and DrugAdministration.

Beverages, spirits and vinegar. 22 485,425.00 1.9205


Food and DrugAdministration.



Ministry of Agriculture andCooperatives.

Source: INEGI; BANCOMEXT; Trade Wizard United States United States is the country but important for the Mexican exports, being the main exporter from Mexico, the exports to US are 87% of the total. U S is the second country with more non tariff barriers with 18 products affected, the NTB are the type of licenses and permits, requirements and inspections sanitary and phytosanitary, the effects on the trade of the barriers are the following ones: increases export costs and causes delays and export restrictions. The percentage of exports subject to a non tariff barriers is 4%. See table 33 and 34.

Table 33. U S Products affected by the



Live animals Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Animaland Plant Health Inspection Service.


Meat and scrapses Licenses and Permits, requirementssanitary and phytosanitary. Animaland Plant Health Inspection Service.


Fishes, crustaceans andmollusks.

Licenses and Permits, requirementssanitary and phytosanitary. Fish andWildlife Services.


Products edibles of animalorigin.

Licenses and Permits, requirementssanitary and phytosanitary. Animaland Plant Health Inspection Service.


49

Live plants Licenses and Permits, requirements sanitary and phytosanitary. Animaland Plant Health Inspection Service.


Tomatoes

Licenses and Permits, requirementssanitary and phytosanitary. Animaland Plant Health Inspection Service.Anti - dumping. Services

Increases export costs and causes delays.

Part II, A - IV, C

Vanilla. Licenses and Permits, requirementssanitary and phytosanitary. Animaland Plant Health Inspection Service.


Wheat. Licenses and Permits, requirementssanitary and phytosanitary. Animaland Plant Health Inspection Service.


Beans. Licenses and Permits, requirementssanitary and phytosanitary. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.


Tuna. Licenses and Permits, requirementssanitary and phytosanitary. Foodand Drug Administration.


Cane sugar. Licenses and Permits, requirementssanitary and phytosanitary. Foodand Drug Administration.


Water mineral. Licenses and Permits, requirementssanitary and phytosanitary. Foodand Drug Administration.


Tobacco. Licenses and Permits, requirementssanitary and phytosanitary. Foodand Drug Administration.


Salt Licenses and Permits, requirementssanitary and phytosanitary. Foodand Drug Administration.


Vitamin C. Licenses and Permits, requirementssanitary and phytosanitary. Foodand Drug Administration.


Medicaments. Licenses and Permits, requirementssanitary and phytosanitary. Foodand Drug Administration.



Licenses and Permits, requirementssanitary and phytosanitary. Animaland Plant Health Inspection Service.


50

Wood products, Licenses and Permits, requirementssanitary and phytosanitary. Animaland Plant Health Inspection Service.



Table 34. U S



TOTAL 167,454,948,168 100 Exports subject to NTM 8,047,121,266 4.8055

Live animals. 1 565,167,392.00 0.338 Licenses and Permits, Requirements sanitary and phytosanitary.

Animal and Plant HealthInspection Service.






Fish and WildlifeServices.






Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.


7 2,901,362,227.00 1.733 Licenses and Permits, Requirements sanitary and phytosanitary.


Coffee, tea, matû and spices. 9 137,437,194.00 0.082



Cereals. 10 3,549,989.00 0.002 Licenses and Permits, Requirements sanitary and phytosanitary.


Oil seed, oleagi fruits; miscell grain, seed, fruit etc



Prep of meat, fish or crustaceans, molluscs etc



Sugars and sugar confectionery. 17 308,545,792.00 0.184


Food and Drug Administration.

Beverages, spirits and vinegar. 22 1,769,719,427.00 1.057



Tobacco and manufactured tobacco substitutes.



51

Salt; sulphur; earth & ston; plastering mat; lime & cem



Organic chemicals. 29 447,270,167.00 0.267 Licenses and Permits, Requirements sanitary and phytosanitary.


Pharmaceutical products. 30 183,457,730.00 0.110






Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal. 44 374,150,620.00 0.223




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7. Conclusions The requirements sanitary and phytosanitary are one from the non tariff main barriers to those that the Mexican exporters face, this can be due to the standars of quality that each you see they are more demanding, however, most of the non tariff barriers are not impossible to complete. The non tariff barriers are big challenges for the small and medium companies that are those but vulnerable for their production levels, the challenge this in the commercial politicians that the Government implements looking for foreign investment, reduction of costs and the transparency in the laws and norms for the trade

APEC: NON TARIFF BARRIERS TO MEXICAN...

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