APA Formatting

Brief presentation by the Coutts (Education)Library

APA – American Psychological Association

American Psychological Association. (2001). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (5th ed.).

Washington, DC: APA.

Colter, J. (2004). Creating an APA reference list: Guidelines for University of Alberta students. Retrieved August 31, 2004 from http://www.library.ualberta. ca/guides/apa/index.cfm

American Psychological Association. (2003). APA Style.org. Retrieved September 12, 2004 from www.apastyle.org.

Schoepp, K. (2003). The APA interactive tutorial. Retrieved April 15, 2003 from http://

www.kevinschoepp.ca/APAtutorial/contents.htm

Formatting your Paper (306)

Title page (296) Running head (296) Spacing & pagination (326) Headings (114) Reference list (215) Footnotes (content,copyright) (202) Bibliography

Title page components:

Running head (mainly used when publishing)

Title Byline and institution/Your name, ID,

Course name and number This is page 1

Spacing and pagination

Double spaced always Indent paragraphs and block quotes i,xi, 1,4,5 ABSTRACT - Separate page, up to 120

words Text – 1” margins, repeat title at top of

the first page, centered

Writing style

See chapter 2 in the manual for a good overview of language, labeling, specificity, gender terms, active voice

Appendixes, figures, tables, reference list, optional bibliography, footnotes page – all go at the end if submitting for publication.

In-Text Citation – large quotations

Block Quotations of more than 40 words

– start on a new line, indent 1/2” on left side only, double space, use no quotation marks

– Jones (1999) found the following:

------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------. (p. 276)

In-text citations - quotations less than 40 words

...Lowman (1994) found that “the behavior of the teacher influences the quality of instruction and the learning environment” (p. 234). It is the faculty...

...”The behavior of the teacher influences the quality of instruction and the learning environment” (Lowman, 1994, p. 234).

In-text citation for paraphrase

For a paraphrase, the page number is not required, but you may include it if it will make the location easier for the reader to find.

According to Talbot (1997), humor can reduce the threatening nature of the course for students.

Research (e.g., Talbot, 1997) indicates that humor can reduce...

Citing a secondary source (247)

When you quote or paraphrase an author without reading the original...

In the text, name the original and give a citation for the secondary source

Smith and John’s study (as cited in Atkins, 2001) proved that humor...

In your reference list, cite the secondary source onlyAtkins, J. (2001). Humor in teaching.

Education Review, 35(2), 423-28.

References (215)

List only resources you have quoted or paraphrased

For all titles, except those of periodicals, capitalize only the first word, any proper nouns and any word after a colon

Use hanging indents Use italics for book titles, journal names

and volume numbers, website titles

References (215) List alphabetically by author• one-author entries by year, earliest first• one-author entries before multiple

author • if same first author, alpha by second• if associations by first letter• if no author, alpha by title• “Anonymous” only if stated so• Published by author: use “Author” in the

publisher position

Citing a BOOK (248)

Hill, D. J. (1988). Humor in the classroom: A handbook for teachers (and other entertainers!). Springfield, IL: C.C. Thomas.

Citing a BOOK CHAPTER (252)

Lefcourt, H. M. (2002). Humor. In C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (pp. 619-631). London: Oxford University Press.

Citing a PRINT JOURNAL (239)

Cross, K. P. (1993). Involving faculty in TQM. Community College Journal, 63(4), 15-20.

Citing an E-JOURNAL (268)

Algozzlne, B., Spooner, F., & Karvonen, M. (2002). Preparing special education research articles in APA style. Remedial and Special Education, 23(1). Retrieved August 12, 2004, from Academic Search Premier database.

Citing a WEBSITE (268)

Title: Humor and the multiple intelligences

http://www.newhorizons.org/strategies/mi/dickinson_humor_mi.htm … becomes

Dickinson, D. (2002). Humor and the multiple intelligences. Retrieved August 12, 2004 from http://www.newhorizons.org/strategies/mi/dickinson_humor_mi.htm

Citing ERIC Documents

Mead, J. V. (1992). Looking at old photographs: Investigating teacher tales (Report No. NCRTL-92-4). East

Lansing, MI: National Center for Research. (ERIC Document

Reproduction Service No. ED359403).Retrieved November 17, 2003

from ERIC database.

Citing a conference paper

These are treated as “unpublished” and so no publisher name or place is included.

Johnson, C. (2005, March). Nervous paper presented in a meeting.

Paper presented at the meeting of APA Support Group, Edmonton, AB.

Citing media

Jones, J. (Producer). (1999). The earth [Television series]. New York: WNET.

Shocked, M. (1992). Over the waterfall. On Arkansas traveler [CD]. New York:PolyGram Music.

Miller, M. E. (1993). The Interactive Tester (Version 4.0) [Computer

software]. Westminster, CA: Psytek Services.

Citing a dissertation

Ross, D. F. (2001). Unconscious transference and mistaken identity. Dissertation Abstracts International, 51 (01), 322A. (UMI No.

8594873) Jones, B. J. (2002). Do they get your jokes:

Teacher humor? (Doctoral dissertation,University of Alberta, 2002). Dissertation Abstracts International, 51, 417.

Jones, B. J. (2002). Do they get your jokes: Teacher humor? Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta.

Mastering APA style

APA takes practice Use online guides (Citation Guides on the

Library’s homepage) – http://

www.library.ualberta.ca/guides/index.cfm#citation U of A Thesis Guidelines rule!

– http://gradfile.fgsro.ualberta.ca/current/index.html Always rely on the print manual for

authoritative advice– PE 1475 A52 2001 in every library

Will RefWorks/EndNote save you?

To some extent, the good news if YES! It’s a time-saver, in that you don’t have

to type your references (yay!) But, these software programs make

mistakes, and so you have to proof-read the list carefully, which means you have to know your APA (yay?)