AP3a – EEA31 NH emissions...AP3a – EEA31 NH 3 emissions Key messages Agriculture is responsible...
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AP3a – EEA31 NH 3 emissions Key messages ☺ Agriculture is responsible for the vast majority of EU15 NH 3 emissions, 93% in 2001. Ammonia emissions in the EU15 have been reduced by 7.6% since 1990 largely due to decreases made in the agriculture sector. This has been achieved through a reduction in livestock numbers (especially cattle), changes in the management of organic manures and from the decreased use of nitrogenous fertilisers ☺ The EU15 ammonia emissions are slightly below the linear target path towards the 2010 target of the National Emission Ceilings Directive. ☺ Seven Member States are below the linear target path of the 2010 target of the National Emission Ceilings Directive. / Spain, Ireland, and Portugal need substantial emissions reductions to reach their linear target path and the 2010 targets of the National Emission Ceilings Directive. ☺ Ammonia emissions in all AC countries except Cyprus significantly decreased since 1990. Ammonia emissions in the Acceding countries have been reduced by 44% since 1990. This is mainly due to a reduction in livestock numbers and reduction of fertiliser consumption. ☺ All Acceding and candidate countries (except Romania 1 ) have reached their 2010 emission targets of the CLRTAP Gothenburg Protocol. . 96% of ammonia emissions in the AC countries are produced from the agricultural sector. Title: Emission trends of NH 3 and 2010 NECD target for a) EEA31; b) EU15; c) AC10; d) EFTA3 and e) CC3. a) EEA31 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Index 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 kt emission 1 Reported emission data for Romania reach only to year 1994. Cyprus, Estonia, Malta, and Turkey do not have targets under the Gothenburg protocol.
Transcript of AP3a – EEA31 NH emissions...AP3a – EEA31 NH 3 emissions Key messages Agriculture is responsible...
AP3a – EEA31 NH3 emissions
Key messages
☺ Agriculture is responsible for the vast majority of EU15 NH3 emissions, 93% in 2001. Ammonia emissions in the EU15 have been reduced by 7.6% since 1990 largely due to decreases made in the agriculture sector. This has been achieved through a reduction in livestock numbers (especially cattle), changes in the management of organic manures and from the decreased use of nitrogenous fertilisers
☺ The EU15 ammonia emissions are slightly below the linear target path towards the 2010 target of the National Emission Ceilings Directive.
☺ Seven Member States are below the linear target path of the 2010 target of the National Emission Ceilings Directive.
Spain, Ireland, and Portugal need substantial emissions reductions to reach their linear target path and the 2010 targets of the National Emission Ceilings Directive.
☺ Ammonia emissions in all AC countries except Cyprus significantly decreased since 1990. Ammonia emissions in the Acceding countries have been reduced by 44% since 1990. This is mainly due to a reduction in livestock numbers and reduction of fertiliser consumption.
☺ All Acceding and candidate countries (except Romania1) have reached their 2010 emission targets of the CLRTAP Gothenburg Protocol.
96% of ammonia emissions in the AC countries are produced from the agricultural sector.
Title: Emission trends of NH3 and 2010 NECD target for a) EEA31; b) EU15; c) AC10; d) EFTA3 and e) CC3. a) EEA31
0
20
40
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1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
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1 Reported emission data for Romania reach only to year 1994. Cyprus, Estonia, Malta, and Turkey do not have targets under the Gothenburg protocol.
b) EU15
0
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1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
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Ammonia EmissionsNECD Target Path2010 NECD Target
NECD Target
c) AC10
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1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000
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Ammonia Emissions
d) EFTA3
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1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
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e) CC3
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Title: Sector split of NH3 emissions in 2001 (%) for a) EEA31; b) EU15; c) AC10; d) EFTA3 and e) CC3. a) EEA31
Agriculture93.4%
Fugitive Emissions0.0%
Industry (Processes)2.1%
Other (Energy)0.2%
Other (Non Energy)0.2%
Industry (Energy)0.2%
Waste1.9%
Other Transport0.1%
Road Transport2%
Energy Industries0.1%
b) EU15
Other (Energy)0.2%
Agriculture93% Waste
2%
Other0.6%
Road Transport2%
Industry (Processes)2%
c) AC10
3
Industry (Energy)1%
Industry (Processes)1%
Waste1%
Other1%
Agriculture96% Industry (Energy)
Industry (Processes)
Agriculture
Waste
Other
d) EFTA3
Agriculture90.8%
Industry (Processes)1.5%
Other (Energy)0.3%
Road Transport7.3%
e) CC3
Industry (Processes)6%
Agriculture90%
Waste4%
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Title: Change in NH3 emissions for each sector 1990 – 2001, (%) for a) EEA31; b) EU15; c) AC10; d) EFTA3 and e) CC3. a) EEA31
-13%
-23%
-48%
-28%
15%
-34%
-5%
567%
0.42%
-18%
-60% -40% -20% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
Energy Industries
Fugitive Emissions
Industry (Energy)
Industry (Processes)
Other (Energy)
Other (Non Energy)
Road Transport
Other Transport
Agriculture
Waste
☺
b) EU15
-36%
-28%
-9%
8%
-1%
562%
-60% -40% -20% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
Industry (Processes)
Other (Energy)
Road Transport
Agriculture
Waste
Other
☺
c) AC10
-4%
-85%
-78%
41%
-42%
-100% -80% -60% -40% -20% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
Industry (Energy)
Industry (Processes)
Agriculture
Waste
Other
☺
5
d) EFTA3
0%
0%
-19%
16%
-84%
400%
0%
719%
40.82%
2%
-100% -80% -60% -40% -20% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
Energy Industries
Fugitive Emissions
Industry (Energy)
Industry (Processes)
Other (Energy)
Other (Non Energy)
Road Transport
Other Transport
Agriculture
Waste
☺
e) CC3
-50%
-61%
-36%
33.33%
-80% -60% -40% -20% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
Energy Industries
Fugitive Emissions
Industry (Energy)
Industry (Processes)
Other (Energy)
Other (Non Energy)
Road Transport
Other Transport
Agriculture
Waste
☺
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Title: Contribution to total sectoral change in NH3 emissions for each sector 1990 – 2001, for a) EEA31; b) EU15; c) AC10; d) EFTA3 and e) CC3. a) EEA31
-0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
-9.0%
-0.3%
0.1%
-4.6%
7.0%
0.00%
-93%
-100% -80% -60% -40% -20% 0% 20% 40%
Energy Industries
Fugitive Emissions
Industry (Energy)
Industry (Processes)
Other (Energy)
Other (Non Energy)
Road Transport
Other Transport
Agriculture
Waste
☺
b) EU15
-13%
-1%
22%
-109%
2%
0%
-120% -100% -80% -60% -40% -20% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
Industry (Processes)
Other (Energy)
Road Transport
Agriculture
Waste
Other
☺
c) AC10
0%
-7%
-6%
-88%
0,4%
-100% -80% -60% -40% -20% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
Industry (Energy)
Industry (Processes)
Agriculture
Waste
Other
☺
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d) EFTA3
0%
0%
0%
-4%
1%
0%
-1%
79%
0.03%
25%
-40% -20% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
Energy Industries
Fugitive Emissions
Industry (Energy)
Industry (Processes)
Other (Energy)
Other (Non Energy)
Road Transport
Other Transport
Agriculture
Waste
☺
e) CC3
-9%
-9%
-81%
-100% -80% -60% -40% -20% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
Energy Industries
Fugitive Emissions
Industry (Energy)
Industry (Processes)
Other (Energy)
Other (Non Energy)
Road Transport
Other Transport
Agriculture
Waste
☺
Notes: Data for Iceland and Malta not available
Source: EEA/ETC-ACC (2003).
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Results and assessment Policy objectives and measures
Emissions of ammonia are addressed by the NEC directive and the Gothenburg Protocol under UNECE CLRTAP (see below). The NEC directives emission reduction targets do not apply for candidate countries. The NEC directives emission reduction targets for the EU15 are slightly stricter than the targets set in the Gothenburg Protocol – a 13% and 12% reduction from 1990 to 2010 respectively.
• The Gothenburg Protocol to the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe’s (UNECE) Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP) to abate acidification, eutrophication and ground-level ozone (UNECE 1999). A key objective of the protocol is to regulate emissions on a regional basis and protect eco-systems from transboundary pollution by setting emission reduction targets for the pollutants NOx, (and SOx, NH3 and NMVOCs) to be reached by 2010;
• Directive 2001/81/EC, on national emissions ceilings (NECD) for certain atmospheric pollutants requires the introduction of national emission ceilings for emissions of NH3, (and SO2, NOx and NMVOCs )in each Member State, as well as setting interim environmental objectives for reducing the exposure of ecosystems and human populations to the damaging levels of acid pollutants and ozone.
Apart from the NECD there is currently no other EU legislation proposed or in force specifically aimed at reducing ammonia. However, several regulatory instruments have influenced EU emissions of ammonia from the agriculture sector since 1990, such as:
• the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP);
• the Nitrate Directive (91/676/EEC); and
• the Directive on Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) (96/61/EC).
All three measures have had the indirect effect of changing agricultural practices across the EU, and have, for instance, led to a reduced use of nitrogenous fertilisers and an overall decrease in cattle numbers across the EU, both of which affect the levels of ammonia emissions produced. For example, the IPPC Directive requires businesses within Member States to take measures to reduce ammonia emissions. It applies to pig and poultry holdings if they have more than 2 000 production pig places (for pigs > 30 kg), 750 sow places or 40 000 poultry places. Pollution control is required now for new and substantially changed large units, and will apply to all existing large units from 2007. The reforms of CAP, and specifically the removal of the link between farm production and payments, has also resulted in reduced livestock numbers across the EU-15 and hence also will have indirectly contributed to the decrease in ammonia emissions observed.
This indicator also constitutes relevant information for the Clean Air For Europe program (CAFE).
Environmental context
Emissions of NH3 contribute to acidification (see facts sheet on ‘Emission of acidifying substances) and eutrophication. Ammonia is also a secondary particulate precursor affecting air quality and may therefore, indirectly, have adverse effects on human health (see facts sheet ‘Emissions of primary particulates and secondary particulate precursors’.
Assessment
EU15 ammonia emissions decreased 7.6% between 1990 and 2000. The emission reduction between 2000 and 2001 was 0.5%. The agricultural sector remains the major source of ammonia emissions (93% of 2001 EU15 total emissions). The most important source in agriculture is from manure management in livestock followed by NH3 emissions from agricultural soils. Particularly large emissions occur from pigs, cattle and poultry rearing.
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The majority of this reduction is due to the combination of reduced livestock numbers across Europe (especially cattle), and the lower use of nitrogenous fertilisers across the EU-15 region (Figure 8). In contrast to the reduction that occurred in the agricultural sector, aggregated emissions of NH3 from all other sectors of the economy increased by 12.3% during this period. Changes in agricultural practice through better manure management, such as ploughing in manure spread onto fields, and reductions in livestock numbers are expected to help reduce ammonia emissions.
The deposition of acidifying substance still exceeds the critical loads of the ecosystems (see indicator and fact sheets on ‘Ecosystem damage area by air pollution’).
Neither the NECD nor the Gothenburg Protocol emission targets for the EU15 have yet been met. A further reduction of total NH3 emissions of 6.0% and 5.0 % from 2001 levels will be needed by 2010 to meet the NECD and Gothenburg targets, respectively.
Ammonia emissions in Acceding countries decreased by 44% between 1990 and 2001. The emission reduction between 1999 and 2000 was 4%. The agricultural sector remains the major source of ammonia emissions (96% in 2001). The most important source in agriculture is manure management in livestock. Particularly large emissions occur from pigs, cattle and poultry rearing.
The emission reduction was mainly due to a reduction in livestock numbers, particularly for pigs and cattle, and partly decreased fertiliser consumption.
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Title: Change in national EU15 and EFTA3 NH3 emissions since 1990 compared with the 2010 NECD targets (%).
-60% -50% -40% -30% -20% -10% 0% 10% 20% 30%
Spain
Ireland
Norway
Austria
France
Sweden
Italy
Portugal
Luxembourg
Greece
EU15
Belgium
Liechtenstein
United Kingdom
Germany
Finland
Denmark
Netherlands
% change from 1990 to target (1999 & National Ceilings 2010)
1990 - 2001 1990 - 2010 NECD Target
☺
Title: Change in national AC10 and CC3 NH3 emissions since 1990 compared with the 2010 Gothenburg protocol targets (%).
-80% -70% -60% -50% -40% -30% -20% -10% 0% 10%
Cyprus
Slovenia
Turkey
Romania
Poland
Lithuania
AC
Hungary
Czech Republic
Slovak Republic
Bulgaria
Estonia
Latvia
1990-2001 1990 - 2010: CLRTAP Gothenburg Protocol, 1 Dec. 1999
☺
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Title: Distance-to-target indicators (in index points) to the 2010 targets of the NECD.
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8
7
3
2
1
0
0
-1
-2
-3
-4
-6
-8
-12
-13
-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15
Spain
Ireland
Portugal
Denmark
Italy
Belgium
Luxembourg
France
EU15
Greece
Sweden
Germany
Finland
United Kingdom
Austria
Netherlands
☺
Title: Distance-to-target indicators (in index points) to the 2010 Gothenburg protocol targets, AC (without Malta) and CC.
-10
-12
-30
-31
-34
-34
-40
-49
-72
-80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0
Romania
Slovenia
Czech Republic
Hungary
Slovak Republic
Poland
Lithuania
Bulgaria
Latvia
Cyprus
Estonia
Turkey
☺
Notes: Data not available for Iceland and Malta.
The distance-to-target indicator is a measure of the deviation of actual emissions in 2001 from the (hypothetical) linear path to the target for 2010. Latvia and Lithuania have target 0%. Cyprus, Estonia, Malta, and Turkey do not have targets under Gothenburg protocol. Source: EEA/ETC-ACC (2003)
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Assessment
Nine Member States are more than half way to the 2010 targets of the National Emission Ceilings Directive (NECD). The largest percentage reductions have taken place in the Netherlands, Denmark, Finland, Germany and the United Kingdom. Three Member states - Spain, Ireland and Austria, have increased their emissions since 1990, by 16%, 10% and 3%, respectively. Norway has also increased NH3 emissions by 9% during this period.
The emissions of EU15 are slightly below the linear target path towards the 2010 targets in the National Emission Ceilings Directive. Seven member states have emissions below the linear target path of the NECD 2010 emission targets. In particular Spain, Ireland, and Portugal need substantial emissions reductions to reach their linear target path and the 2010 target of the National Emission Ceilings Directive.
All Acceding countries and Bulgaria have already reached their 2010 emission targets of the CLRTAP Gothenburg Protocol
All countries have emissions below the linear target path (from ten index points below in Romania to seventy two index points below in Latvia).
References
EEA (2001). Joint EMEP/CORINAIR Atmospheric Emission Inventory Guidebook, Third Edition. Copenhagen: European Environment Agency, 2001.
EEA/ETC-ACC (2003). Manipulated data based on 2003 update of Member States’ data reported to UNECE/CLRTAP/EMEP. Base data are available on the EMEP web site (http://webdab.emep.int/)
EMEP (1998). "Transboundary Acidifying Air Pollution in Europe", Part 1: Estimated dispersion of acidifying and eutrophying compounds and comparison with observations. EMEP/MSC-W Report 1/98, July 1998.
UNECE (1999). Protocol to the 1979 convention on long-range transboundary air pollution (CLRTAP) to abate acidification, eutrophication and ground-level ozone, Gothenburg, Sweden, 1 December 1999.
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Data EEA31 NH 3 emissions by sector (ktonnes)
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
2000 2001 Change 1990-2001
% contribution to Change
Change 1990-2001 (%)
Energy Industries 6 6 6 6 6 5 6 5 5 5 5 5 -1 -0.3% -13%
Fugitive Emissions 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 -0.1% -8%
Industry (Energy) 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 4 6 0 -0.1% -5%
Industry (Processes) 104 92 98 84 73 83 78 77 78 73 69 67 -80 -13.5% -35%
Other (Energy) 12 12 11 12 11 10 10 10 9 9 8 9 -3 -1.0% -24%
Other (Non Energy) 8 8 7 7 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 1 0.4% 13%
Road Transport 12 14 19 26 34 42 51 57 63 68 71 73 63 22.6% 507%
Other Transport 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 0 0.0% 0%
Agriculture 3391 3284 3176 3158 3138 3151 3109 3155 3156 3161 3113 3094 -835 -109.6% -9%
Waste 59 56 54 56 58 61 60 61 61 63 65 63 -42 1.7% 8%
Total 3603 3484 3382 3360 3340 3372 3335 3385 3392 3397 3350 3332 -897 - -8%
EU15 NH 3 emissions by sector (ktonnes)
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Change 1990-2001
% contribution to Change
Change 1990-2001 (%)
Industry (Processes) 102 91 96 83 71 81 76 75 77 71 67 66 -37 -13% -36%
Other (Energy) 10 11 10 11 10 9 9 8 7 7 7 7 -3 -1% -28%
Road Transport 11 13 18 24 32 40 49 55 60 65 68 70 60 22% 562%
Agriculture 3368 3260 3150 3133 3113 3125 3083 3129 3131 3136 3089 3071 -297 -109% -9%
Waste 57 55 53 55 57 59 59 60 60 61 64 62 5 2% 8%
Other 19 18 17 18 20 19 20 19 19 18 17 19 0 0% -1%
EU15 3567 3448 3344 3323 3303 3333 3296 3346 3353 3359 3312 3294 -273 - -8%
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AC NH3 emissions by sector (ktonnes)
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Change 1990-2001
% contribution to Change
Change 1990-2001 (%)
Industry (Energy) 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 -0.1 0% -4%
Industry (Processes) 33 31 28 30 26 11 10 9 6 5 5 5 -27.7 -6% -85%
Agriculture 964 848 770 697 674 646 622 600 614 568 543 563 -400.5 -88% -42%
Waste 39 26 26 26 26 17 17 17 17 17 17 8 -30.3 -7% -78%
Other 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 6 1.7 0% 41%
AC 1043 912 832 761 733 682 656 635 645 599 573 586 -456.9 -44%
EFTA3 NH 3 emissions by sector (ktonnes)
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
2000 2001 Change 1990-2001
% contribution to Change
Change 1990-2001 (%)
Energy Industries 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0% -
Fugitive Emissions 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0% -
Industry (Energy) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0% -
Industry (Processes) 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.4 -0.09 -4% -19%
Other (Energy) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.01 1% 16%
Other (Non Energy) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0% 400%
Road Transport 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.60 79% 719%
Other Transport 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0% 41%
Agriculture 22.0 22.4 23.9 23.6 23.8 25.1 25.4 24.6 24.3 23.8 23.4 22.5 0.52 25% 2%
Waste 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.02 -1% -84%
Total 22.8 23.2 24.7 24.5 24.8 26.5 26.7 26.2 26.3 25.7 25.6 24.8 2.0 - 9%
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CC3 NH 3 emissions by sector (ktonnes)
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
2000 2001 Change 1990-2001
% contribution to Change
Change 1990-2001 (%)
Energy Industries 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0% -
Fugitive Emissions - - -
Industry (Energy) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0% -
Industry (Processes) 32.0 25.0 30.0 29.0 25.0 29.0 33.8 32.7 21.9 15.7 18.2 16.0 -16 -9% -50%
Other (Energy) - - -
Other (Non Energy) - - -
Road Transport 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0% -
Other Transport 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0% 33%
Agriculture 386.0 345.0 315.0 275.0 269.0 263.0 257.1 253.9 254.6 254.2 248.4 248.4 -138 -81% -35.6%
Waste 26.0 21.0 21.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 12.8 11.6 10.1 10.6 10.5 10.2 -16 -9% -61%
Total 444.0 391.0 366.0 332.0 322.0 320.0 303.7 298.2 286.6 280.5 277.2 274.7 -169.4 - -38%
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EEA 18 NH 3 emissions by country (ktonnes)
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Austria 52 53 50 56 58 57 56 57 56 55 54 54
Belgium 95 94 93 98 97 100 99 99 103 100 86 85
Denmark 133 129 127 124 120 113 109 109 110 105 104 102
Finland 41 40 40 39 39 38 39 41 39 35 33 33
France 780 775 765 757 763 767 778 784 785 788 785 779
Germany 736 653 636 615 595 603 608 599 604 604 596 607
Greece 79 77 75 75 73 86 73 71 74 74 74 74
Ireland 112 114 117 117 118 119 122 124 127 127 123 123
Italy 466 452 440 449 459 460 429 443 437 448 451 451
Luxembourg 8 8 8 8 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
Netherlands 227 228 181 192 167 188 148 184 168 161 147 143
Portugal 112 107 112 105 99 106 103 101 103 109 107 108
Spain 330 320 317 298 319 307 341 341 359 371 389 384
Sweden 55 55 55 62 62 62 62 60 60 57 58 54
United Kingdom 341 343 328 328 329 319 322 326 320 316 297 290
EU15 3567 3448 3344 3323 3303 3333 3296 3346 3353 3359 3312 3294
Iceland - - - - - - - - - - - -
Liechtenstein 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Norway 23 23 25 24 25 26 27 26 26 25 25 25
Note: NH3 emissions not available for Iceland
NH3 emissions by country 1990-2001 (ktonnes), AC and CC3
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Cyprus 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
Czech Republic 156 135 116 99 91 87 81 82 80 75 74 79
Estonia 24 22 19 14 13 11 10 10 10 9 9 9
Hungary 124 93 84 77 76 77 78 76 74 71 71 66
Latvia 44 42 33 33 17 17 16 15 13 12 12 12
Lithuania 84 85 81 80 80 38 36 35 35 29 25 50
Malta - - - - - - - - - - - -
Poland 515 446 420 385 387 382 367 353 373 344 325 313
Slovak Republic 63 57 47 42 39 40 38 36 32 31 30 28
Slovenia 24 24 24 23 22 22 22 19 20 20 19 19
AC 1043 912 832 761 733 682 656 635 645 599 573 586 Bulgaria 144 124 111 109 101 99 83 77 66 60 56 54
Romania 300 267 255 223 221 221 221 221 221 221 221 221
Turkey 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.008 0.006 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.007
CC 444 391 366 332 322 320 304 298 287 281 277 275Note: Data for Malta not available
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EEA 18 percentage change in NH 3 emissions since 1990 and NECD targets and CLRTAP targets2.
Change 1990-2001 Change 1990-2001
(%) 1990 - 2010: NECD
targets 1990 - 2010: CLRTAP Gothenburg targets
Austria 1 3% 26% 26%
Belgium -10 -11% -22% -22%
Denmark -31 -23% -48% -48%
Finland -8 -19% -24% -24% France 0 -0.02% 0% 0%
Germany -129 -18% -25% -25%
Greece -5 -6% -8% -8%
Ireland 11 10% 3% 3%
Italy -15 -3% -10% -10% Luxembourg 0 -4% -7% -7%
Netherlands -85 -37% -44% -44%
Portugal -4 -4% -19% -3%
Spain 54 16% 7% 7%
Sweden 0 -1% 4% 4% United Kingdom -51 -15% -13% -13%
EU15 -273 -8% -13% -12%
Iceland - - - -
Liechtenstein 0 -14% - -27%
Norway 2 9% - 2% Title: Change in AC10 and CC3 NH3 emissions since 1990 including CLRTAP targets
Change 1990-2001 Change 1990-2001
(%) 1990 - 2010: CLRTAP Gothenburg Protocol
targets
Cyprus 0 0% -
Czech Republic -77 -49% -35%
Estonia -15 -63% -
Hungary -57 -46% -27%
Latvia -31 -72% 0%
Lithuania -34 -40% 0%
Malta - NA -
Poland -202 -39% -9%
Slovak Republic -35 -55% -38%
Slovenia -5 -22% -17%
AC -457 -44% - Bulgaria -90 -63% -25%
Romania -79 -26% -30%
Turkey 0 -22% -
CC -169 -38% -
2 The actual 2010 targets of the NECD and the CLRTAP Gothenburg Protocol are expressed as absolute emissions of SO2, NOx, NH3 and NMVOC in ktonnes. As the 1990 base year emission may change due to updated and revised emission inventory guidelines, the targets expressed in % change from 1990 may also change.
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Meta data
Technical information 1. Data source : Officially reported national total and sectoral emissions to
UNECE/CLRTAP/EMEP, 2003 data submission. 2. Description of data : Emissions of combined NH3 in 1000 tonnes (ktonnes). Combination of
data officially reported to CLRTAP/EMEP. Gaps filled by ETC/ACC where necessary using simple interpolation techniques (see 6).
3. Spatial Coverage: EEA 31. Data for Malta and Iceland not reported. 4. Temporal Coverage: 1990-2001. The best sectoral data are available for 1990, 1994 and 1995-
1999 through the ETC/ACC work programme 5. Methodology: Annual country data submissions. Combination of emission measurements and
emission estimates based on volume of activities and emission factors. Recommended methodologies for emission data collection are compiled in the Joint EMEP/CORINAIR Atmospheric Emission Inventory Guidebook (2001), 3rd ed, EEA, Copenhagen.
6. Methodology of manipulation: ETC-ACC gap-filling methodology. Where countries have not reported data for one, or several years, data has been interpolated to derive annual emission when data is missing between two different years. If the reported data is missing either at the beginning or at the end of the time series period, the emission value has usually been considered to equal the first (or last) reported emission value. It is recognised that the use of gap-filling can potentially lead to artificial trends, but it is considered unavoidable if a comprehensive and comparable set of emissions data for European countries is required for policy analysis purposes. A list of the data used within this sheet which has been gap-filled is available from ETC-ACC upon request. Qualitative information
7. Strengths and weaknesses: Strength: officially reported data following agreed procedures and Emission Inventory Guidebook, e.g. regarding source sector split. Weakness: Reporting to CLRTAP/EMEP and EEA/ETC-ACC can be incompatible for some countries. Emissions for Turkey appear erroneously low.
8. Reliability, accuracy, robustness, uncertainty: Total uncertainty ranges in emission estimates have been estimated to be as much as ± 50% (Eggleston 1998). Emission from the agricultural sector can have very large uncertainties. The trend is likely to be more accurate than the individual absolute annual values - the annual values are not independent of each other.
9. Overall scoring (1-3, 1=no major problems, 3=major reservations) Relevancy: 1
Accuracy: 3
Comparability over time: 2
Comparability over space: 2
Further work required: Countries should improve the completeness of the time series of their estimates (filling gaps). Further validation and checking is the responsibility of the country and needs especially to lead to improved detailed sectoral time series of emissions. There is also a need for further validation and checking within the framework of CLRTAP/EMEP and EEA/ETC-ACC activities.
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