AP World HistoryChapter 33

Rebirth and Revolution:Nation Building in East Asia and the

Pacific Rim

East Asia in the Postwar SettlementsKorea divided• Russian, American zone

Taiwan• Chinese occupation• Chiang Kai-shekJapan occupied by United

StatesPostwar decolonization• U.S. loses Philippines• Dutch: Indonesia• British: Malaya

Japanese Recovery

American occupation ends, 1952

Democratization• women get the vote• unions encouraged• Shintoism disestablished• land redistribution• new constitution modified, 1963

Liberal Democratic Party, 1955

Korea: Intervention and War

North Korea• communist• Kim Il-Sung, to 1994

South Korea• Syngman Rhee• parliamentary government

North invades South, 1950• U.S. leads UN effort• China supports North Korea• 1953, armistice or cease fire.

Emerging Stability in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore

Taiwan• Guomindang retreats to Taiwan• U.S. Support

Hong Kong• British colony• Chinese control, 1997

Singapore• independence, 1965

Japan, IncorporatedJapan's Distinctive Political and Cultural Style• Liberal Democrat Party, 1955-1993– corruption raises questions

• Cultural continuity• Hiraoka Kimitoke– Nationalist

The Economic Surge• Company unions– cooperation between management, labor

• Women– traditional attitudes

• Popular culture– Western influence

The Korean Miracle

South Korea• Chung-hee, 1961-1979– military loses power– more open press, political action– new companies• Hyundai

Taiwan

Rapid economic growth• More contact with China, other neighbors• Death of Chiang Kai-shek, 1978• Gap narrows between China and Taiwan

Singapore

Similar to Taiwan• Lee Kuan Yew• Authoritarian rule• Returned to China, 1997

The Pacific Rim: Common culture

Common culture• Group loyalty stronger than individualism• Confucianism important in economic development• Benefit from Japanese influence• Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia follow

Mao’s ChinaRise of Communist China• Long March• Communism popular• Mao gaining power by 1945• Defeat of Japan, 1949• Communists ascendant• Land reform• First five-year plan, 1953• Mass Line approach, 1955• Agricultural cooperatives• Farming through collectives

from 1956• Purge of intellectuals, 1957

The Great Leap Backward

The Great Leap Forward, 1958• based on peasant communes• peasants un-cooperative• famine• ended by 1960• Mao no longer state chairman– still head of Central Committee– replaced by pragmatists– Zhou Enlai, Liu Shaoui, Deng Xiaoping

"Women Hold Up Half of the Heavens"

• Communist promising legal equality• Work outside the home opportunities increase

Mao's Last Campaign and the Fall of the Gang of Four

Cultural Revolution, 1965• Zhou Enlaiinto, seclusion• Liu Shaoqui, killed• Deng Xiaoping, imprisoned The Cultural Revolution ended, 1968

Revolution in Vietnam