AP World HistoryAUGUST 27, 2015

Warm Up – August 27, 2015 Buddhism

A. Became the most popular faith in IndiaB. Was the adopted faith of Gupta rulersC. Opposed Confucian ideals of patriarchal familiesD. Changed over time from transmission by traders to its spread

through the services of monasteriesE. Changed over time to teach that common people could reach

nirvana

Agenda◦ Warm Up◦ Huang He/Chinese River Valley◦ Chinese Philosophy Activity◦ Chapter 3 Guided Reading

Don’t forget! ◦ Reading – Chapter 3 (Reading Guide due Friday, August 28th)

Essential Question

How do belief systems influence civilizations? Why do we study belief systems?

Chinese River Valley

Lasting Contributions Government:◦Like Egypt, China was ruled by families called dynasties

◦Ruler’s justified their power by claimingMandate ofHeaven (approval of the gods)

Lasting Contributions Government:◦Kings could lose the Mandate of Heaven & be overthrown by a new king, called the Dynastic Cycle

Lasting Contributions■Government:–China was also ruled by the ethical system, Confucianism

–Confucianism focused on filial piety (respect for elders)

–Confucius taught social order through 5 key relationships:1) ruler-subject 2) father-son 3) husband-wife 4) brother- brother & 5) friend-friend

–These ideas were written down in The Analects

Confucian Analects Confucius says: Do not do unto others, what you would not want others to do to you

Confucius says: If you make a mistake and do not correct it, this is called a mistake

Confucius says: He who rules through virtue may be compared to the north polar star, which keeps its place and all the stars turn towards it

Confucius would tell rulers to

“Lead by example”

Yin and YangDaoism – people gain happiness & peace by

living in agreement with the way of nature.

True harmony comes from balance.Yin = shaded, Yang = sunlit.

Good v. Bad Beauty v. Ugliness Pleasure v. Pain

Laozi says . . . “Governing a large country is like frying a small fish. You spoil it with too much poking.” or“Be weak. Let things alone.”

Legalism

Philosophy advocating the need for clear and strict laws as necessary to control human nature

Legalism in Action Civil servants – punished for doing a poor job. People caught criticizing the govt. should be banished.

For example . . . Anyone caught outside his own village without a travel permit should have their ears or nose chopped off.

Set clear laws and harshly punish those who disobey

them.”

Lasting Contributions Religion:◦Chinese believed in ancestor worship, that the spirits of family ancestors should be honored & consulted

Lasting Contributions Writing:◦Chinese characters stood for words but the 10,000 characters made it hard to learn to write

Classical Civilization China

Zhou dynasty – 1100-750 B.C.

Revolt so fierce that the blood in the streets of the capital was deep enough to float blocks of wood.

Zhou Mandate of Heaven Mandate of heaven

◦ Government receives it right to govern by heaven approval.◦ The responsibility of people to overthrow governments when ruler

loses the approval of the Gods.◦ Governments lose approval if they are unjust and ineffective.

Zhou dynasty:1100-750 BCE (Pronounced like “Joe”)

Zhou acquired most of the Shang Culture and Technology

Last Shang King was said to be a physical giant and monster of depravity, among his cruelties was that he made drinking cups of the skulls of his vanquished enemies. Slaves and Zhou vassals revolted against Shang cruelties. (1050 B.C.)

Zhou Economic Growth

Iron tools like axes and ox drawn iron plows replaced wooden farm tools.◦ Made farming better because farmers could produce more food.

First time coin money began to be used.◦ Made trade better because a merchant could carry money a lot easier then a herd of cows.

Zhou Political System

Political system like feudal Europe◦ Serfdom and Hereditary Lords

◦ Land is endowed for oaths of military service. ◦ Local Lords were culturally and linguistically different.

Zhou Destruction

771 BCE, Wei Valley capital of Zhou is sacked ◦ Vassals become rival states.

◦ Qui in the west ◦ Jin in the north◦ Yan to north east◦ Chu to the south◦ Qi to east

◦ No dominant Chinese culture or National identity

Class Divisions A Sharp class division existed between the landowning aristocracy, educated bureaucrats and laboring masses.

Warring States 400-225 B.C.E

Chaos and War

War becomes larger in scale and more ruthless

Stronger states conquered and absorbed weaker ones.

In response to crisis schools of thought were introduced ◦ Confucianism◦ Daoism◦ Legalism

Qin Dynasty: 221-206 B.C.

Qin with legalism as its ideology succeeded in ending the Warring states era.

Qin defeated all its rivals to unite China King of Qin took the title of Qin Shi Huangdi or first Emperor.

Qin Economics Qin laid the basis for an enduring imperial order. Created unified Administrative system

◦ Standardized ◦ Weight & measures system◦ Cart axle width◦ Coinage◦ Writing

Qin, Construction Standardize people’s thoughts

◦ Buried hundreds of scholars alive◦ Burned books and scholars to eliminate unorthodox ideas.

Imposed Taxes.

Massive Terracotta tomb.

Qin,Great Wall Great wall of China

◦ Protected north steppe border◦ Reportedly 1 million died in the building of the wall

Han Dynasty 202 B.C to 220 A.D

Traded with Rome and Indian Empires.

Accepted Confucianism and the Han Dynasty was less cruel.

Han, Sciences

History records begin to be kept.◦ History of the elite.

Math, Science, Geography, and Astronomy.◦ Magnetic Compass.◦ Paper from wood pulp.◦ 5th century wood block printing.

Han, Medicine Acupuncture.

Figured out the function of internal organs.

Figured out the circulation of blood.

Metallic and Ceramic luxury items.

Han, Art Silk manufacturing. Bronze, Jade, and Ceramics used for art.

Poetry. Landscape art. Instrumental music.

Han, Economics Canals Built. Road System. Iron.

◦ Plows, Horse harnesses increase horse power.

Fertilizer.◦ Animal wastes.

Han, Government Functioned through complex Bureaucracy.

Confucius Ideas.

Tests to be in Bureaucracy.◦ Took the best regardless of social class.

Han, Foreign Affairs

Groups were assimilated by China. Developed trade contacts with India.

◦ Trade Commission sent to Rome.◦ Nothing of interest in Rome.

Diffusion of Buddhism.

Han, Problems Peasant Rebellions. Disloyal Bureaucracy. Over Taxation. Warlords gained more power.

Chinese Philosophy Activity

Chapter 3 Guided Reading