Ap review
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Era 6
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Transcript of Ap review
Era 6
1880’s Census/Livestock Quiz
1. What section of the country has the largest population?A. NortheastB. MidwestC. SoutheastD. West
2. What section of the country produced the largest amount of hogs?
A. NortheastB. MidwestC. SoutheastD. West
Industrial Development of the United States (1870-1900)
United States HistoryEra 6 State Performance Indicators
Hunters Lane High School
Social Studies Department
6.1 The Civil War created a massive production network that fueled the industrial success of the United States after the war.
1. Building railroads was critical to supplying the Union and Confederate Armies.
2. Steel began to replace iron as a more reliable metal for building the weapons of war.
3. Textiles were mass produced to supply Union and Confederate soldiers.
4. Coal was necessary for producing steam and heating homes.
5. Rubber had a variety of uses during the war, specifically for constructing rafts.
6. Processed foods were used to feed the Union and Confederate Armies.
The Industrial
Revolution
The need for war supplies
A massive increase in American Industry
6.2 Identify major agricultural post-Civil War American geographic areas on a map.
1. Northeast: Lumber
2. Midwest: Corn
3. South: Cotton, Tobacco
4. West: Wheat
6.3 Identify major urban areas of the United States on a map
1. Northeast: New York City, Pittsburgh, Philadelphia
2. Upper Midwest: Chicago, Detroit
3. Atlantic Coast: Boston, Charleston, Savannah, Baltimore
4. California: San Francisco
6.4 Identify patterns of immigration and the causal factors that led to immigration to the United States of America
1. Many Chinese immigrants came to America to escape crop famines, imperial domination, and civil war.
2. European immigrants came to America to escape the pressures of strict social class guidelines and crop famines.
3. Many Jewish immigrants came to America to escape religious persecution in Russia.
6.5 Distinguish the differences in assimilation of "old" vs. "new" immigration.
1. The new immigrants spoke a variety of languages including Italian, Russian, Chinese, and Japanese.
2. The new immigrants settled in cities.
3. Most immigrants lacked formal education but were taught English in settlement houses.
4. Most of the new immigrants found work in factories, sweatshops, or building railroads.
5. Many immigrants were clustered together in tenement housing or ghettos.
6. Nativists reacted against immigrants because they feared immigrants were taking jobs away from the Americans.
7. The old immigrants were mainly protestant; the new immigrants were Jewish, Catholic, and Orthodox Christians.
8. The old immigrants came from Northern and Western Europe; the new immigrants came from Southern and Eastern Europe.
Old Immigration New Immigration
Northern and Western Europe Southern and Eastern Europe
Settled on Farms Settled in Cities
Germanic-based Languages Diverse Languages
Primarily Protestant Religions Catholic and Orthodox Religions
Likely to adopt American Values
Unlikely to adopt American Values
6.6 Read and interpret a primary source document reflecting the dynamics of the Gilded Age American society.
1. Booker T. Washington's Atlanta Compromise declares that black Americans will progress through knowledge and hard work.
2. Carnegie's Gospel of Wealth documents his view of how the wealthy should feel obligated to give something back to society.
3. Sojourner Truth’s Ain't I A Woman reveals the struggle of both black Americans and women in their desire for suffrage.
4. Jane Addams' Hull House accounts documents the attempt to help the immigrant poor find work, education, and medical care.
5. Jacob Riis’ How the Other Half Lives documented the urban poor through photographs.
6. Many personal accounts from sweatshop and factory workers document the extremely harsh working conditions.
6.7 Recognize technological and industrial advancements to the era
1. Advancements in mining included hydraulic mining.
2. Advancements in farming included new plows, reapers, and drills.
3. Advancements in ranching included barbed wire and the emergence of the Texas Longhorn.
6.8 Match innovators to their industrial and technological contributions
1. Vanderbilt: Railroad Industry
2. Westinghouse/Tesla: The Air Brake System, AC current
3. Carnegie: Steel Industry
4. Pullman: Railroad Cars
5. Hershey: Chocolate
6. Dupont: Chemical Industry
7. Bell: The Telephone
8. Edison: Electric light bulb, Phonograph, DC current, Motion Pictures
9. Rockefeller: Oil Industry
10. Swift: Meatpacking and Food Processing/Transportaion Industry
11. Armour: Meatpacking Industry
6.9 Recognize the economic disparity among farmers, wage earners, immigrants, or racial groups when compared to
industrial capitalists.
1. Industrial capitalists or tycoons were extremely wealthy, but they were also known for great philanthropy.
2. Wage earners were very poor and endured harsh working conditions; many began to join labor unions to improve working conditions (progressive/socialist).
3. Farmers were deeply in debt and looked for help from the National Grange and the Populist Party (progressive/socialist).
6.10 Interpret a political cartoon which portrays the controversial aspects of the Gilded Age
1. The Populist Party tried to level the playing field between poor farmers and the wealthy business owners.
2. The Transcontinental Railroad created many jobs but was also the associated with many government scandals.
3. Westward expansion was a result of Manifest Destiny but came at the expense of the Native Americans.
4. The Dawes Act was an attempt to Americanize the Native Americans by making them landowners.
5. Cities were becoming more technologically advanced but were still extremely crowded and dirty.
The Gilded Age made life hard for …
Native Americans
Poor Immigrants
Poor Wage Earners
Poor Families
Poor Farmers
6.11 Analyze the impact of different forms of corruption and its consequences in American politics during the later half of the
Age
1. “Black Friday” was the result of speculators illegally trying to corner the gold market.
2. The Crédit Mobilier Scandal involved railroad profiteers illegally accepting government money for building railroads.
3. The “Whiskey Ring” was a scandal that involved illegally diverting tax revenues.
4. Tammany Hall was one of the most famous political machines headed by Boss Tweed.
5. The “Party Boss System” was a corrupt system consisting of bribery and extortion in city politics.
6. President Garfield was assassinated by a man who believed the spoils system was keeping him from gaining government employment.
7. Civil Service Reform was needed to eliminate unfair hiring and firing practices in the government.
8. Granger laws: Progressive laws were passed to eliminate discrimination against farmers.
9. Interstate Commerce Act was an attempt to regulate unfair railroad rates.
6.12 Assess the effect of late 19th century technological innovation on the daily lives of American people
1. Electricity replaced oil lamps and extended business hours.
2. Water closets and sewer systems began to replace dumping waste onto city streets.
3. The telephone, telegraph, and typewriter connected people all across the country.
4. Subways and other forms of mass transportation helped people get from their homes to work; Railroads encouraged travel across the continent.
Industry and Immigration
create crowded cities
Crowded Cities decrease
Quality of Life
New Inventions increase Quality
of Life
Era 6 Quiz1.) The need to clothe thousands of Union soldiers in the Northern United States during the Civil War led to the expansion of A. Cotton plantationsB. Textile manufacturingC. The steel industryD. Labor unions 2.) In the late 1800s, how did political and social unrest in Europe affect the United States? E. United States military forces were deployed in EuropeF. European Immigrants sought refuge in the United StatesG. European nations requested mediation led by the Unites StatesH. United States political influence declined in Europe 3.) No race can prosper till it learns that there is as much dignity in tilling a field as in writing a poem.It is at the bottom of life we must begin, and not at the top. Which of the following early civil rights leaders’ ideas is best represented by the quotations above? I. Booker T. WashingtonJ. W.E.B. Du BoisK. Martin Luther King, Jr.L. Marcus Garvey
Era 6 Quiz (cont’d)4.) Which development during the Industrial Era led to the expansion of farming and ranching in the United States
A. Steel beam construction B. Assembly line manufacturingC. Growth of the railroadsD. Increase in electric lighting
Molly Maguire Strike of 1875 Haymarket Affair of 1886 Homestead Strike of 1892 Pullman Strike of 1894
5.) The primary cause of the labor strikes in the list above was the A. Entry of women into industrial workplacesB. Decision of business owners to integrate factoriesC. Inability of immigrants to find employment in industryD. Low wages of workers compared to factory owners
Era 7
U.S. Imperialism Map
1.What area of the world did the U.S. fight for most of its possessions?
A.The Atlantic OceanB.The Caribbean SeaC.The South Pacific OceanD.Asia
Emergence of Modern America (1890-1930)
United States HistoryEra 7 State Performance Indicators
7.1 Identify causes of American imperialism
1. The United States needed raw materials to support growing industry.
2. The United States believed in asserting its cultural superiority.
3. Many Americans wanted to spread Christianity to the lesser developed countries.
4. The United States began searching for potential naval bases around the world.
5. The United States did not want European countries to interfere with Latin America—Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine.
7.2 Identify consequences of American imperialism
1. The United States went to war against Spain to end Cuban oppression.
2. Imperialism increased the United States’ ability to trade with foreign countries.
3. The United States benefitted from the economies of industrializing nations.
4. The United States built and operated the Panama Canal.
5. The United States exerted its cultural superiority around the world.
6. Yellow Journalism was a major contributor to the outbreak of the Spanish American War.
7. The United States used military occupation as a means of diplomacy.
The United States acquired…Panama Canal
HawaiiThe Philippines
CubaPuerto Rico
Guam
7.3 Recognize the progress of political and social reform in America during this era
1. Women won the right to vote with the passing of the 19 th Amendment.
2. The Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act were reforms aimed at improving the quality of foods and medicine.
3. Initiative, Referendum, and Recall were improvements to the election process in city governments.
4. Child labor was prohibited and eight hour workdays were established during the progressive era. Henry Ford championed higher wages and the workday/workweek.
5. The Sherman Antitrust Act and the Clayton Antitrust Act were attempts to reform unfair business processes such as monopolies.
6. Muckrakers were progressive journalists who tried to get rid of the corruption and filth in society.
7.4 Identify the causes of American involvement in World War I
1. The United States was concerned about the security of its passenger and merchant ships in Europe.
2. The United States benefitted from trading with both Allied and Central Powers during the war.
3. President Wilson encouraged the United States and other nations to form a league of democratic nations in order to avoid future conflicts.
4. British propaganda and President Wilson’s desire were factors in the United States’ entry into WWI.
7.5 Recognize the new trends, ideas, and innovations of the 1920's popular culture
1. The radio was the single most important innovation impacting popular culture.
2. Henry Ford’s Model T Ford was mass produced and affordable to the average American.
3. Popular music could be bought on vinyl records and listened to on a phonograph.
4. The passage of the Volstead Act made it illegal to buy, sell, or produce alcohol.
5. Birth control became a controversial topic among Catholics and Protestants.
6. Prohibition led to a rise in organized crime.
7. Sports became a popular attraction for spectators in the 1920s.
8. Women “flappers” exerted their freedom through the vote, promiscuity, smoking, drinking, short skirts, and bobbed hair.
Alcohol Birth Control Sports Radios Credit Women’s
freedom
The Roaring
20s
7.6 Recognize the role of Tennessee in the women's suffrage movement.
1. Tennessee became the 36th state to ratify the 19th Amendment, thus granting enough support for it to become a national law.
2. Anne Dallas Dudley was instrumental in the campaign to ratify the 19 th Amendment in Tennessee.
3. Harry Burns was the youngest member of the Tennessee State Legislature and noted for his support of the 19th Amendment.
4. Governor Albert Roberts called the special session in which the Tennessee State legislature ratified the 19th Amendment.
7.7 Determine the possible factors that led to the economic collapse of 1929
1. Agriculture and Industry produced too many goods during the 1920s. By 1929, consumers stopped purchasing products.
2. Many Americans bought goods and stocks using credit.
3. Most Americans purchased stock in companies and expected to become rich (“buying on the margin”—10% of face value).
4. Farmers experienced a depression after the European farms began producing crops after WWI.
5. Tariffs were used to influence consumers to buy American products—It backfired and Canada and South America filled the void worldwide.
6. The government did little to control the economy in the 1920s.
7.8 Read and interpret a primary source document reflecting the social dynamics of the 1920's.
1. The Harlem Renaissance was a black American cultural movement that produced unique sounds such as jazz.
2. The Lost Generation was a group of young writers, musicians, and artists who were “lost” as a result of the trauma experienced during WWI.
7.9 Compare and contrast the philosophies of DuBois, Washington, and Garvey.
1. W.E. B. DuBois joined the NAACP and fought racial discrimination using the legal system.
2. Booker T. Washington encouraged black Americans to get an education and find employment.
3. Marcus Garvey began the “Back to Africa” movement.
Washington/Dubois/McGarvey Venn Diagram
Booker T. Washington
W.E
.B. D
uBoi
s Marcus G
arvey
7.10 Analyze the American isolationist position versus interventionist arguments.
1. Isolationist (conservative/Founding Father’s intent) believed that America needed to focus on the economy and stay out of foreign affairs.
2. Interventionists (progressive/socialists) believed that America had a moral responsibility to spread and defend democracy.
Countries InvolvedThe Allies (Formerly known as the Triple
Entente)
•Austria-Hungary•Germany•Ottoman Empire •BulgariaCountries that only cut off trade
•Bolivia•Ecuador•Peru•Uruguay
•Serbia•Russia•France•Belgium•Great Britain•Liberia•Japan•Montenegro•Italy •San Marino•Portugal •Romania
•Greece•China•U.S.•Cuba•Nicaragua•Brazil•Siam•Costa Rica•Guatemala•Haiti•Honduras That Should
Add Up To 31 Countries
Central Powers (Formerly known as the Triple Alliance)
WWI Allies QuizName:
Date:Class Period:
U.S. HistoryWorld War I Quiz List the Allies and the Central Powers of World War I. AlliesCentral Powers 1. 1.2. 2.3. 3.4.5.
Era 7 Quiz1.) During the 1920s, which innovation became an important part of popular culture? A. RadioB. OperaC. TelevisionD. Newspapers 2.) British propaganda had the greatest influence on the United States’ entry into which war?
E. Spanish-American WarF. World War IG. World War IIH. Korean War 3.) What was the 19th Amendment?
I. Abolished slaveryJ. Black men could voteK. Women suffrageL. Equal rights 4.) Causes leading to the ? Overproduction in agricultureWeak financial regulationsPurchasing “stock on margin” Which of these best completes the title of the above list?M. Federal Reserve Act of 1913N. Economic collapse of 1929O. Auto workers strike of 1936P. Lend-lease agreement of 1941 5.) Which phrase best describes the similarities between Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois?
Q. Opposed Supreme Court Decision in Brown v. Board of EducationR. Opposed racial discrimination against black AmericansS. Believed minorities should unite in a violent revolution to gain equalityT. Believed black Americans should start a nationalist movement
Era 8
WWII Timeline Quiz
1. What event precipitated the end of World War II?A. The Yalta ConferenceB. The unconditional surrender of GermanyC. Hitler commits suicideD. Atomic bombs are dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
2. What event led the United States to enter WWII?A. Germany’s attack on PolandB. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, HIC. Great Britain’s war declaration on GermanyD. The forming of the alliance
The Great Depression and World War II (1929-1945)
United States HistoryEra 8 State Performance Indicators
8.1 Identify the causes of World War II
1. The Treaty of Versailles placed many restrictions on Germany that crippled their military and economy.
2. Fascism is a violent form of politics that places the well-being of the country above individual rights of the citizens.
3. The League of Nations was not powerful enough to stop Japan from invading China nor Germany from starting WWII.
4. Japan invaded China and began taking control of many countries in the South Pacific and Southeast Asia.
5. The Great Depression affected many countries around the world.
Terms of the Treaty
of Versaill
es
Totalitarian
Dictatorships
8.2 Recognize the negative patterns of an economic cycle
1. The Great Depression caused a rise in unemployment.
2. Prices fell as a result of overproduction.
3. Many businesses experienced an excess of inventory.
4. Most businesses had to stop production and lay off employees.
5. The Great Depression began to affect other countries in addition to the after-effects of WWI.
6. Many businesses failed due to the poor economic conditions.
7. Many people, businesses, and even banks had to declare bankruptcy.
8.3 Recognize the definitions of
1. Totalitarianism: A dictator has total control of the government.
2. Fascism: The well-being of the country is more important than the well-being of the citizens.
3. Communism: Everything is owned by the government; government makes all of your personal decisions.
4. Nationalism: Love of one’s country.
5. Ultra-nationalism: An extreme love of one’s country over other countries and ethnicities.
6. Anti-Semitism: Racism toward Jewish people.
8.4 Identify the changes in social and cultural life caused by the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl.
1. Shanty towns were renamed Hoovervilles because the residents blamed President Hoover for their troubles.
2. The Bonus Army was WWI Veterans who marched on Congress to collect their bonuses from WWI.
3. People moved to different parts of the country in search of employment or to escape the dust storms during the Dust Bowl.
4. The economic problems of the United States spread to other parts of the world.
5. FDR won a landslide victory in 1932 because citizens blamed the Republicans for the depression.
6. Most people were poor and could not afford basic necessities.
7. Most people struggled to find employment.
8. Many people turned to their religious roots and motion pictures to ease the pain of the depression.
8.5 Interpret a timeline of major events from World War II
1931 Japan invades
China
1939 Germany Invades Poland
1941 Germany
invades Soviet Union/Japan Bombs Pearl
Harbor
1944 D-Day
1945 Germany
Surrenders/Atomic Bomb Dropped on Japan/Japan Surrenders
8.6 Identify New Deal Programs/Initiatives.
1. Social Security: Money for the unemployed and citizens over age 65.
2. WPA: Employed millions of workers on fine arts related projects and wasted lots of taxpayers money—nicknamed- “We piddle around”.
3. TVA: Created jobs and energy in the Tennessee valley.
4. Indian Reorganization Act: Allowed Native Americans to manage their assets.
5. FDIC: Insured the money in banks to build public confidence in banks.
6. CCC: Employed 250,000 young men on various conservation tasks.
7. Wagner/Fair Labor Standards' Act: Established a minimum wage.
8.7 Recognize World War II alliances
Axis Allies
Germany Britain
Italy France*
Japan United States**
Soviet Union***
*France surrendered to Germany early in the war.**The United States did not enter the war until after Japan bombed Pearl Harbor.***The Soviet Union originally had signed a non-aggression pact with Germany.
8.8 Analyze how World War II affected the American economy
1. Women joined the workforce to replace the men who joined the military.
2. Cities were popular because there were many job openings.
3. Minorities moved to cities to find employment.
4. The G.I. Bill allowed returning soldiers to buy homes and pay for college.
5. Americans had to ration food in order to support the war effort.
6. Childcare became a popular job because more women joined the workforce.
8.9 Recognize the effect of the New Deal and World War II on Tennessee
1. Fort Campbell was established to support the military buildup prior to WWII.
2. The Tennessee Valley Authority was created to control the wild Tennessee River flooding and provide hydroelectric energy.
3. Secretary of State Cordell Hull was a considered the “father of the United Nations.”
4. Oak Ridge, TN was chosen as a nuclear facility to supply the uranium for the Manhattan Project.
8.10 Evaluate the impact of the Manhattan Project.
1. Oak Ridge played a critical role in supporting the Manhattan Project.
2. Nuclear technology began to spread to other countries.
3. There was a massive campaign to keep the atomic bomb secret during the war.
4. There were many concerns about whether it was ethical to use an atomic bomb on civilians.
5. There were many alleged unethical medical experiments conducted in the United States in order to understand the effects of radiation and chemical exposures.
6. The United States dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Nagasaki and Hiroshima.
8.11 Interpret a political cartoon involving the New Deal.
Things to consider:
1. Most political cartoons will focus on President Roosevelt having trouble getting approval of funding for his New Deal programs or stacking the Supreme Court.
2. There may be an emphasis on the concept of the government becoming too large.
3. There may be an emphasis on President Roosevelt gaining too much power.
WWII Allies QuizName:
Date:Class Period:
U.S. HistoryWorld War II Quiz List the Allies and the Axis Powers of World War Ii. AlliesAxis Powers 1. 1.2. 2.3. 3.4.
Era 8 QuizReparation paymentsStrict terms of the Treaty of VersaillesExtremely high inflation 1.) How did factors listed above contribute to the start of World War II?A. They created conditions in Britain that increased support for isolationismB. They encouraged a close political alliance between Italy and JapanC. They encouraged investment in military industries in France and PolandD. They created conditions in Germany that allowed for the rise of Nazism DictatorshipLimited individual rightsSupremacy of the stateOne-party rule 2.) The above list defines the characteristics ofE. FascismF. CapitalismG. LiberalismH. Socialism 3.) During the 1930s, religious revivalism expanded in the United States as a response to theI. Experience of trench warfare in World War IJ. Fear of communist invasion during the Cold WarK. Economic hardships of the Great DepressionL. Increase in charitable giving during the Progressive Era
Era 8 Quiz (cont’d)
1 - Unconditional surrender of all German forces to Allies 2 - Allies divide up Germany and Berlin3 - Atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki4 - Japanese offer unconditional surrender5 - United Nations is established 4.) The event numbered 3 on the timeline above was a result of the A. New DealB. Yalta ConferenceC. Truman DoctrineD. Manhattan Project Created in 1935Built public improvementsGave jobs to writers and artistsSet up National Youth AdministrationSpent the most money of any New Deal program 5.) Which New Deal program is described above?E. Social Security Administration’F. Works Progress AdministrationG. National Recovery AdministrationH. Tennessee Valley Authority
Era 9
Iron Curtain – A term used by Winston
Churchill to describe the separating of Those
communistlands of East Europe from
the West.
Divided Germany Quiz
1. Which WWII ally had the least territory of the post-war Germany?
A. Great BritainB. FranceC. United StatesD. U.S.S.R.
Era 9: Post World War II Era (1945-1970s)
United States HistoryEra 9 State Performance Indicators
9.1 Recognize differences among the victorious Allied Powers after World War II
1. The United States, Britain, and France remained part a free market economy.
2. The Soviet Union remained communist and began to impress communism on its satellite countries in the Warsaw Pact.
3. The Military Industrial Complex changed the structure of the United States’ military.
4. The United States, Britain, and France confronted the Soviet Union and eventually China over the spread of communism.
BritainFranceUnited States
Soviet Union
COLD WAR
9.2 Distinguish social inequities in America in the post World War II era
1. Racial segregation and discrimination remained strong in the South and the North .
2. A generation conflict existed between the Greatest Generation and the Baby Boomers.
3. Women began to demand equal rights in society.
4. Many ethnicities began to express their individuality.
9.3 Locate and label countries, using a map, dominated or threatened by Communism.
9.4 Recognize the impact of technological and cultural changes on American society
1. President Kennedy was determined to win the Space Race against the USSR and put an American on the moon.
2. Hollywood became a center for popular culture and grew very rapidly.
3. The United States was becoming more connected: physically and electronically.
4. Mass media became a popular means of advertising and disseminating information.
5. Medical advancements were becoming more common due to technology.
6. Interstates connected the country and created evacuation routes for people living in the cities.
9.5 Identify areas associated with American containment policies
1. The Korean War was technically a United Nations police action resulting in over three years of combat and heavy casualties.
2. The Vietnam War became a burden on the United States because of the political government control, media and the cost of the war.
3. Cuba and the United States experienced hostilities over the threat of nuclear war.
4. The division of East and West Germany served as an example of the extremities of the Cold War.
9.6 Recognize domestic impact of the Cold War on American society
1. Senator McCarthy attempted to rid the country of suspected communists.
2. Americans lived in fear of nuclear attacks.
3. Americans did not want to associate themselves with communists in any way.
4. A counterculture developed as a result of the fear and violence experienced during the Cold War.
5. A generation gap existed between the World War II generation and the people of the counterculture movement.
6. Highway systems served as evacuation routes for the people living in the cities.
7. Advertising and consumerism were at all time highs during the Cold War because of American industry and manufacturing.
9.7 Determine the effects of the Supreme Court's decisions and legislation on Civil Rights
1. Plessy v. Ferguson: Legalized segregation under “Separate but Equal”
2. The 19th Amendment gave women’s suffrage
3. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, KS: De-segregated the public school system
4. Miranda v. Arizona: Guaranteed rights to be read for arrested individuals awaiting a trial
5. Gideon v. Wainwright: Provided an attorney for individuals awaiting a trial
6. Korematsu v. U.S.: Japanese/German internment
7. Escobedo v. Illinois: Right to have counsel
The Warren Court worked for Civil Rights.
Supreme Court Civil Rights Cases Quiz1. The Warren Court decision requiring that a police officer inform suspects of their rights during the
arrest process.A. Engel v. VitaleB. Miranda v. ArizonaC. Escobedo v. IllinoisD. Gideon v. Wainwright
2. What was the 24th Amendment?A. Outlawed the poll taxB. Women’s suffrageC. Abolished slaveryD. Equal rights
3. Brown v. Board of Education was a significant case because:A. It declared the prevention of black Americans to vote illegalB. It declared segregated restaurants illegalC. It declared segregated public schools illegalD. It declared discrimination in the selling of a house illegal
4. What was the 19th Amendment?A. Abolished slaveryB. Black men could voteC. Women’s suffrageD. Equal rights
5. The Warren Court decision requiring that a defendant in a state court had a right to a lawyer.A. Gideon v. WainwrightB. Escobedo v. IllinoisC. Mapp v. OhioD. Engel v. Vitale
9.8 Identify significant events in the struggle for Civil Rights
1. The “Clinton 12” were the first black Americans to attend Clinton High School in Tennessee.
2. Little Rock Central High integrated nine black American students later called the “Little Rock Nine.”
3. The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a successful non-violent protest led by Martin Luther King.
4. The Freedom Riders were met by violence in Birmingham, AL.
5. Diane Nash conducted the first successful desegregation campaign for lunch counters in Nashville, TN.
6. Martin Luther King delivered his “I Have a Dream Speech” in Washington, D.C.
7. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 eliminated job discrimination and segregation in public accommodations.
8. The Civil Rights Act of 1968 banned housing discrimination and protected Native Americans on reservations.
9. Escobedo v. Illinois awarded the right to counsel during police interrogations.
10. The Great Society was President Johnson’s plan to eliminate poverty and racial injustice.
9.9 Recognize the altered American approach to foreign policy
1. The Bay of Pigs invasion was a failed covert operation to overthrow Fidel Castro’s regime in Cuba.
2. Brinkmanship: Both the United States and the USSR would threaten to use violence, but both sides would back down before initiating violence.
3. Cuban Missile Crisis was the result of the Soviet Union storing and erecting nuclear missiles in Cuba after U2 reconnaissance plane pictures.
4. Peaceful coexistence: The United States and the USSR decided to acknowledge their differences and avoid hostilities—Strategic Arms Limitation Treaties (SALT) I & II.
9.10 Match leading figures of the Civil Rights era with their respective groups and goals
1. Strom Thurmond was a famous Democratic segregationist U.S. Senator.
2. Eugene “Bull” Conner was a segregationist sheriff known for using excessively violent tactics.
3. George Wallace was a famous Democratic segregationist Governor.
4. Diane Nash: Led the first successful lunch-counter de-segregation protest in Nashville.
5. Betty Friedan: Wrote the Feminine Mystique; helped promote the women’s liberation movement and support for the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA).
6. Phyllis Schlafly presented the women’s conservative opposition to the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) which failed to achieve ratification.
7. Martin Luther King Jr. was a civil rights leader who used non-violent protest.
8. Malcolm X was an aggressive civil rights leader and Black Muslim.
9. Stokely Carmichael was famous for initiating the “Black Power” movement.
10. Albert Gore, Sr: U.S. Senator from Tennessee against civil rights during the civil rights era.
9.11 Read and interpret Cold War documents
1. Truman decided to drop the atomic bomb on Japan in order to bring the war to a quick end and save American lives.
2. Eisenhower warned Americans about the influence of the military industrial complex in his farewell address.
3. Kennedy promotes global peace and a unified front against communism in his inaugural address.
4. Goldwater promoted peace-through-strength in the face of communism.
5. Johnson's Gulf of Tonkin declaration allowed him to send military forces to Vietnam without a congressional declaration of war which expanded the power of the executive branch until the Nixon Watergate Scandal.
9.12 Identify the changes in the music industry brought about by Tennessee's influence
1. The Grand Ole Opry was a famous country music broadcast airing every Saturday night on WSM Radio.
2. WSM Radio, a clear channel, was a famous AM broadcasting station reaching all over the South.
3. Nashville became famous for country music and eventually a melting pot for all genres of music.
4. Memphis Sun Studios and Stax records were famous Memphis studios recording blues, rock and roll, and rhythm and blues music.
5. WLAC, another clear channel, promoted rock and roll.
6. Elvis Presley was labeled the King of Rock and Roll and lived in his mansion, “Graceland,” in Memphis, TN.
9.13 Evaluate socio-economic impact of the post World War II Baby Boomer generation
1. The media became a national source of information for the American people and became less courteous to the government and the military with an agenda toward socialism.
2. Entertainment became a staple for the American citizen as the music and movie industry expanded.
3. Sports became extremely popular as most events were televised.
4. Many Americans resided in the suburbs built during the post WWII era.
5. More Americans were seeking higher education as a result of the G.I. Bill.
6. A counterculture developed in response to the violence created by the Cold War and the Civil Rights Movement.
9.14 Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of increased global trade and competition on the U.S. economy.
Productio
n
• Outsourcing was a cheap production alternative but…
Trade
• Import quotas/tariffs protected American products but…
Globalization
• Everyone could benefit from a free market economy but…
Communists invaded from the north. China sent a million troops
to help reds.
Korean War-The Korean War refers to a period of military conflict between North Korean and South Korean regimes, with major hostilities lasting from June 25, 1950 until the armistice signed on July 27, 1953.
North and South Korea
• Cuban Missile Crisis-October 14th-October 28th, 1962 where the U.S. and Soviet Union/Cuba came very close to a nuclear war.
IntroductionThe Vietnam war occurred in Southeast Asia. Laos and Cambodia became involved during 1959 to 30 Apr 1975. The war started when communist North Vietnam tried to take over the republic of South Vietnam. It was the longest war America had ever fought in and it lasted 15 years.
North Vietnam wanted to take over South Vietnam. If they succeeded then it’ll be likely that Laos and Cambodia will turn Communist.
Laos and Cambodia might’ve turned Communist because they were so vulnerable.
North and South Vietnam
THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT
1954-1968
TRUE OR FALSE
SEPARATE BUT EQUAL
Terminology• Discrimination –unfair
treatment of a person, racial group, or minority
• Unconstitutional – not legal according to the U.S. Constitution and Supreme Court review
• Segregation – the separation of races
• Integration – the process of bringing people of different races together
1896• PLESSY v. FERGUSON, LOUISIANA
– SUPREME COURT DECISION– ESTABLISH “SEPARATE-BUT-EQUAL
DOCTRINE”– DECLARED SEGREGATION IN PUBLIC
FACILITIES CONSTITUTIONAL – GAVE RISE TO JIM CROW LAWS/BLACK CODES
THAT LEGALIZED SEGREGATION IN THE UNITED STATES, ESPECIALLY IN THE SOUTH
1954
• BROWN v. BOARD OF EDUCATION OF TOPEKA, KANSAS– SUPREME COURT DECISION– DECLARED SEGREGATED SCHOOLS
UNCONSTITUTIONAL AND VIOLATED THE 14TH AMENDMENT
– NAACP LAWYERS LED BY THURGOOD MARSHALL
– OVERTURNED PLESSY v. FERGUSON DECISION
Era 9 Quiz 1.) Great Britain and France entered World War II as allies because of their commitment to defend which country?A. NetherlandsB. CzechoslovakiaC. AustriaD. Poland 2.) Increased urbanization in the United States during World War II can be attributed to theE. Opportunities for employment in industryF. Rapid desegregation of neighborhoodsG. Fear of foreign attacks in remote rural areasH. Arrival of large numbers of immigrants 3.) Which program was the Oak Ridge facility built to support?I. The Tennessee Valley AuthorityJ. The Manhattan ProjectK. The Interstate Highway SystemL. The Marshall Plan 4.) The Warren Court decision requiring that a police must inform suspects of their rights during the arrest process wasM. Engel v. VitaleN. Miranda v. ArizonaO. Escobedo v. IllinoisP. Gideon v. Wainwright 5.) Brown v. Board of Education was a significant case becauseQ. It declared it illegal to prevent black Americans from votingR. It declared it illegal to segregate restaurantsS. It declared it illegal to segregate public schoolsT. It declared it illegal to discriminate in the selling of a house
Era 10
Watergate
Watergate Complex, Washington, D.C.
Watergate
From left to right: Fred Thompson (minority counsel), Howard Baker, and Sam Ervin of the Senate Watergate Committee in 1973.
Watergate
Nixon hanging between the tapesEven more damning than President Richard Nixon's profiting from public office were the disclosures of his corruption and attempts at corruption of the government itself including the CIA, the FBI, the Pentagon and even the Secret Service. A taping system that had recorded most of President Nixon's conversations in the Oval Office provided the "smoking gun" that spoke of crime and corruption. Nixon refused to release the tapes until the Supreme Court ordered him to do so.
Nixon awash in his officeBy June 1973, the country had become transfixed by the investigation of Watergate via the televised hearings of the Senate Select Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities. On June 25, former presidential counsel John Dean began his testimony, the first before the committee to directly accuse President Richard Nixon of involvement in the cover-up.
Watergate
President Nixon leaving the White House on Marine 1 after his resignation 9 Aug 1974.
In May 2005 Vanity Fair magazine revealed that Mark Felt, pictured above with his daughter, was the source referred to as "Deep Throat." The former No. 2 official at the FBI secretly confirmed to Woodward and Bernstein what they discovered from other sources in reporting on the cover-up.(AP)
Watergate Quiz
1. In the political cartoon Nixon Awash in His Office, what does the flood represent?
A. A natural disasterB. Broken water pipes at the White HouseC. Foreign policies problemsD. The crimes, bribery, and cover-up of the Watergate scandal
2. In the political cartoon Nixon Hanging between The Tapes, why is President Nixon hanging between the tapes?
A. He is trying to put the tapes back togetherB. He is repairing the tapes for the Watergate CommissionC. His fate hangs in the balance of what is on the tapes and not on the
tapesD. The Supreme Court ruling on the tapes
North American Free Trade AgreementNAFTA
Era 10: The Contemporary United States 1968-present
United States HistoryEra 10 State Performance Indicators
10.1 Match innovators or entrepreneurs in the "new economy"
1. Sam Walton: Walmart
2. Michael Dell: Dell Computers
3. Ray Kroc: McDonalds
4. Lee Iacocca: Ford/Chrysler—Mustang/mini-van
5. Donald Trump: Real Estate Mogul
6. Bill Gates: Microsoft
7. Steve Jobs: Apple
8. Jeff Bezos: Amazon/Online Retail
10.2 Recognize the roles of the key figures of Watergate
1. The Nixon Administration was accused of burglarizing and stealing information from the Democratic National Committee Headquarters in order to secure an election win.
2. A committee was appointed to investigate and eventually President Nixon was implicated. First president to resign from office to avoid impeachment.
3. Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward questioned William Felt, nicknamed “deepthroat,” and identified some of the conspirators.
10.3 Use a timeline to identify America's interest and participation in Southeast Asia since World War II.
1950s Korea
1960s Vietnam
1970s Chinese
Diplomacy
10.4 Compare and contrast the Reagan and George H.W. Bush administrations with the Clinton administration and the nature of
their respective political opposition 1. Economic: Reaganomics emphasized the “trickle down effect.”
2. Domestic: Reagan emphasized the “New Right.”
3. Budgets: Reagan and Clinton (forced by the Republican Congress) emphasized deficit spending.
4. Foreign policy: Bush intervened in Iraq. Clinton intervened in Kosovo, Serbia, and Iraq.
5. Ethics: Clinton was accused of having many sexual relations, rapes, and sexual assaults with women and ultimately with an intern as part of his impeachment. Lost his law license for perjury to a U.S. federal court judge.
6. Generational values: Reagan emphasized strong family values. Clinton represented loose morals and a cavalier attitude toward life.
10.5 Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of increased global trade and competition on the U.S. economy
1. NAFTA treaty was an attempt to eliminate trade barriers between Canada, the United States, and Mexico and form a trade bloc similar to the European Union (EU).
2. Import quotas encouraged Americans to buy American made products.
3. Free trade agreements were considered to increase global trade.
Era 10 Quiz1.) This entrepreneur is best known as the co-founder and CEO of Apple, Inc.A. Sam WaltonB. Donald TrumpC. Steve JobsD. Bill Gates 2.) Which administration was accused of stealing information from the Democratic National Committee Headquarters in order to secure an election win?E. Nixon AdministrationF. Bush AdministrationG. Reagan AdministrationH. Clinton Administration 3.) The attempt to eliminate trade barriers between Canada, the United States, and Mexico is known asI. UN charterJ. NAFTA treatyK. North Atlantic TreatyL. New York Agreement
Era 10 Quiz (cont’d) 4.) The Reagan and Clinton administrations were both known for havingA. The consistent support of the majority party in CongressB. Advocated changes in the role played by the federal governmentC. Been succeeded in their office by their vice presidentsD. Negotiated strategic peace agreements with the Soviet Union 5.) Vietnam only allows a certain amount of foreign-made motorcycles and bicycles to be brought into the country. This practice is an example ofE. A free-trade agreementF. An export tariffG. An import quotaH. A foreign-aid agreement
EOC TEST REVIEW
U.S. HISTORY1877 – PRESENT
WHERE ARE THE FARMING AREAS LOCATED?
FARM ADVANCEMENTS
RAILROADS
RESULTS OF FARM ADVANCEMENTS
• MORE CROPS• LOWERED CROP PRICES• FEWER FARM LABORERS NEEDED• MANY FARMERS MOVED TO THE CITIES• MORE OIL NEEDED FOR MACHINES• RAILROADS SHIPPED MORE CROPS• INTERSTATE COMMERCE ACT PASSED• POPULIST PARTY FORMED
EFFECTS OF RAILROAD ON INDUSTRY
• GOODS SHIPPED FASTER• LOWERED COST OF PRODUCTION• CREATED NATIONAL MARKETS• STIMULATED OTHER INDUSTRIES
NATIVE AMERICANS ARE TO BECOME FARMERS NATIVE AMERICANS ARE TO BE EDUCATED
PASSED IN 1887NATIVE AMERICANS CAN BECOME CITIZENS
DAWES ACT
CIVIL WAR AND THE GROWTH OF INDUSTRY
STRONGER STEEL NEEDED FOR NEW WEAPONS
GROWTH OF RAILROADS
PROCESSED FOODS DEVELOPED TO FEED
SOLDIERS
COAL NEEDED FOR STEAM ENGINES
RUBBER AND TEXTILES NEEDED FOR
UNIFORMS AND EQUIPMENT
OIL USED AS LUBRICANT
• EFFICIENTLY REMOVED IMPURITIES FROM IRON ORE
• PRODUCED LIGHTER, STRONGER STEEL (BARBED WIRE, STEAM ENGINES, AUTOMOBILES, BRIDGES, SKYSCAPERS)
• MADE MASS PRODUCTION OF STEEL POSSIBLE
BESSEMER PROCESS
EFFECTS OF TECHNOLOGY1865-1920
• LIGHT BULB– INVENTED BY THOMAS EDISON– INCREASED PRODUCTION (LONGER WORK HOURS/SHIFTS)– SAFER CITIES
• BETTER QUALITY OF LIFE IN CITIES– INDOOR PLUMBING– TELEGRAPHS/TELEPHONES HELPED BUSINESS AND PEOPLE– PROCESSED FOODS SAVE TIME
• RAILROADS – BROUGHT GOODS TO THE ENTIRE NATION– INCREASED THE VARIETY OF CONSUMER GOODS
KEY FIGURES OF THE GILDED AGE QUIZ
• CARNEGIE• ROCKEFELLER• DUPONT• SWIFT/ARMOUR• VANDERBILT• PULLMAN• HERSHEY• BELL• EDISON
• MEAT/FOOD PROCESS/TRANSPORT
• RAILROADS/SHIPPING• EXPLOSIVES/CHEMICALS• RAILROAD SLEEPERS• OIL• CHOCOLATE• TELEPHONE• LIGHT BULB/PHONGRAPH• STEEL
WHERE ARE THE URBAN AREAS LOCATED?WHERE DID MOST IMMIGRANTS SETTLE?
WHAT BROUGHT IMMIGRANTS TO THE U.S.?
IMMIGRATION
IMMIGRATION1860-1920
• 31.5 MILLION ARRIVED IN U.S.• REASONS IMMIGRANTS LEFT THEIR HOMES
– EXTREME POVERTY (VERY POOR)– FAMINE (STARVING)– PUNISHED FOR RELIGIOUS AND POLITICAL BELIEFS– WARS– DESPOTIC RULE
OLD AND NEW IMMIGRANTS
IMMIGRATION1860-1920
• 70 PERCENT ENTERED THROUGH NEW YORK CITY
• SETTLED IN CITIES IN NORTHEAST AND MIDWEST
• MOST LIVED IN TENEMENTS/GHETTOS• PROVIDED CHEAP LABOR • SETTLEMENT HOUSES HELPED IMMIGRANTS
WITH SOCIAL SERVICES
NATIVISM(BILL THE BUTCHER)
• FAVORED NATIVE-BORN AMERICANS OVER IMMIGRANTS
• BLAMED IMMIGRANTS FOR PROBLEMS• SUPPORTED LIMITS ON IMMIGRATION
SETTLEMENT HOUSES
• SET UP TO HELP POOR IMMIGRANTS• MOST FAMOUS WAS THE HULL HOUSE IN CHICAGO
– FOUNDED BY JANE ADDAMS– OFFERED SOCIAL SERVICES– DAY CARE– ENGLISH CLASSES
GILDED AGE POLITICS
• BUSINESS INFLUENCE– CORRUPTION– SCANDALS
• SPOILS SYSTEM– PRESIDENT GARFIELD ASSASSINATED
• CIVIL SERVICE REFORM• CITY CORRUPTION
– BOSS TWEED– TAMMANY HALL
RICH AND POOR
• IN 1890, 9 PERCENT OF AMERICANS HELD 75 PERCENT OF WEALTH BECAUSE OF LOBBYING AND SUBSIDIES OF CORRUPT GOV’T OFFICIALS/REPRESENTATIVES
• AN AVERAGE WORKER EARNED A FEW HUNDRED DOLLARS A YEAR
• RICH BUSINESS OWNERS EARNED MILLIONS OF DOLLARS EACH WEEK
• MANY AMERICANS TURNED TO POPULISM/SOCIALISM
DISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH, 1890
75%
25%
9% OF POPULATIONRICH BUSINESS OWNERS
91% OF POPULATIONWORKING POOR
POPULISM/PROGRESSIVISM=SOCIALISM
POPULIST PARTY
• FOUNDED IN 1891 • WANTED THE GOVERNMENT TO HELP FARMERS
AND FACTORY WORKERS• KNOWN AS THE PEOPLE’S PARTY• LATER BECAME PROGRESSIVES
WHICH WILL WIN?
PROGRESSIVE ERA1890-1920
• PROGRESSIVES:– AMERICAN SOCIALISTS WHO BELIEVED THE GOVERNMENT
SHOULD FIX/REGULATE SOCIETY’S PROBLEMS• MANY LAWS PASSED TO “IMPROVE THE LIFE”—CONTROL
THE LIVES OF AVERAGE AMERICANS AND CLEAN UP CORRUPTION IN POLITICS
• BELIEVED IN THE SOCIAL GOSPEL– COLLECTIVE SALVATION INSTEAD OF INDIVIDUAL
SALVATION• USED EUGENICS, SEGREGATION, RACISM TO KEEP
THE LOWER CLASSES UNDER CONTROL
FAMOUS PROGRESSIVES
• PRESIDENTS– TEDDY ROOSEVELT(1901-1909)
• REPUBLICAN– W.H. TAFT (1909-1913)
• REPUBLICAN– WOODROW WILSON (1913-1921)
• DEMOCRAT
• UPTON SINCLAIR– MUCKRAKER AUTHOR- THE JUNGLE
MUCKRAKERS• WRITERS WHO EXPOSED
– UNSAFE WORKING CONDITIONS, HOUSING, AND CORRUPTION
– BROUGHT ATTENTION TO SOCIAL ISSUES• PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT NAMED THEM
MUCKRAKERS• UPTON SINCLAIR
– WROTE THE JUNGLE IN 1905 – DESCRIBED MEATPACKING AND FOOD INDUSTRY
IMPORTANT LAWS AND REFORMS PASSED DURING THE PROGRESSIVE ERA
• SHERMAN ANTITRUST ACT, 1890– WENT AFTER MONOPOLIES
• UNITED STATES FOREST SERVICE ACT, 1905• PURE FOOD AND DRUG ACT, 1906• MEAT INSPECTION ACT, 1906 • DEPARTMENT OF LABOR, 1913 (LAWS AGAINST CHILD LABOR)• 16TH AMENDMENT, 1913 (FEDERAL INCOME TAX)• 17TH AMENDMENT, 1913 (DIRECT ELECTION OF SENATORS)• 18TH AMENDMENT, 1919 (PROHIBITS SALE AND CONSUMPTION OF
ALCOHOL• 19TH AMENDMENT, 1920 (GRANTS WOMEN FULL SUFFRAGE OR THE
RIGHT TO VOTE)
Governor Albert Roberts
ANN DALLAS DUDLEYSupporter of women’s suffrage in
TN
“The Perfect 36”HARRY BURNTN Legislator whose vote
passed the 19th amendment
19TH AMENDMENTAND TENNESSEE
THE WORLD OF JIM CROW
PLESSY V. FERGUSON1896
• IMPORTANT SUPREME COURT CASE• ESTABLISHED “SEPARATE BUT EQUAL”
DOCTRINE• LEGALIZED SEGREGATION
BLACK AMERICAN LEADERS • BOOKER T. WASHINGTON
– EARN RESPECT AND EQUALITY – GAIN ECONOMIC SECURITY– FOUNDED TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE
• W.E.B. DUBOUIS– DEMANDED EQUALITY NOW– BECOME A LEADER IN SOCIETY– JOINED NAACP
REASONS FOR U.S. IMPERIALISM 1890-1914
• NEEDED NEW MARKETS TO SELL GOODS• PROTECT U.S INTERESTS• PRESERVE AMERICAN SPIRIT• SPREAD SUPERIOR AMERICAN CULTURE• MANIFEST DESTINY (PROGRESIVE DOCTRINE)• ROOSEVELT COROLLARY TO MONROE DOCTRINE• NATIONALISM• MILITARISM (U.S. NAVY)
ISOLATIONISTS
• FOUNDING FATHERS INTENT (WASHINGTON FAREWELL ADDRESS)
• AGAINST U.S. EXPANSION• WORRY ABOUT U.S. HOMELAND FIRST• STAY OUT OF OTHER COUNTRIES AFFAIRS• STAY OUT OF FOREIGN ALLIANCES,
ENTANGLEMENTS, AND WARS
U.S IMPERIALISM (EXPANSION)
• MIDWAY ISLAND, 1858• HAWAII, 1898• SPANISH AMERICAN WAR, 1898
– CUBA, GUAM, PHILIPPINES, PUERTO RICO• CHINA, 1900 (BOXER REBELLION)• THE PHILIPPINES INSURRECTION AND
OCCUPATION 1904• PANAMA CANAL, 1904-1914
REASONS FOR U.S. ENTRY INTO WWI
• GERMAN SUBMARINES SUNK ALLIED SHIPS (WARNED ALLIED SHIPPING IN NEWSPAPERS AND U.S. HAD NO MORATORIUM ON THE WARZONE)
• ILLEGAL BLOCKADE BY GREAT BRITAIN STARVING MILLIONS OF GERMANS AND AUSTRIANS
• ANTI-GERMAN PROPAGANDA BY GREAT BRITAIN• ZIMMERMAN TELEGRAM
AMERICA DURING WWI• WWI BEGAN 1914• PRESIDENT WILSON PROCLAIMED U.S. NEUTRAL IN 1914• U.S. DECLARED WAR ON CENTRAL POWERS, 1917 • ALLIES WON WAR, 1918• WILSON CREATED FOURTEEN POINTS
– LEAGUE OF NATIONS ACCEPTED BY ALLIES• VERSAILLES TREATY SIGNED, 1919• U.S. SENATE REJECTED VERSAILLES TREATY
– OBJECTED TO THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS—REFUSED TO SUBJECT U.S. SOVEREIGNTY
• U.S TURNED TO ISOLATIONISM
1920s• HENRY FORD AND THE AUTOMOBILE
– MOST AMERICANS CAN BUY CARS• RADIO AND THE MASS MEDIA
– POPULAR CULTURE• JAZZ AGE AND HARLEM RENAISSANCE• PROHIBITION AND ORGANIZED CRIME
– BOOTLEGGERS– AL CAPONE
WOMEN IN THE 1920’S
• FLAPPERS– SHORT SKIRTS– SHORT HAIR – HEAVY MAKEUP– SMOKED IN PUBLIC– DRANK LIQUOR– REPRESENTED WOMEN'S DESIRE TO BREAK AWAY FROM
TRADITIONAL ROLES
PROHIBITION
• EIGHTEENTH AMENDMENT TOOK EFFECT JAN 16, 1920
• OUTLAWED MANUFACTURE, SALE, TRANSPORT, EXPORT, AND IMPORT OF ALCOHOL IN THE UNITED STATES
EFFECTS OF PROHIBITION
• BOOTLEGGERS SUPPLIED ILLEGAL ALCOHOL– AL CAPONE– THE PURPLE GANG
• ORGANIZED CRIME SPREADS• SPEAKEASIES FLOURISHED IN LARGE CITIES
SPORTS HEROES OF THE 1920s
• JACK DEMPSEY– BOXER
• RED GRANGE– FOOTBALL
• BABE RUTH– PLAYED FOR YANKEES– “SULTAN OF SWAT”
LOST GENERATION
• AMERICAN WRITERS– GERTRUDE STEIN (SOCIALIST)– ERNEST HEMMINGWAY (SOCIALIST, COMMITTED
SUICIDE)– F. SCOTT FITZGERALD (SOCIALIST)
• THE GREAT GATSBY• BELIEVED THAT THEY WERE LOST IN A GREEDY,
MATERIALISTIC WORLD
HARLEM RENAISSANCE
• LITERARY AWAKENING• TOOK PLACE IN HARLEM IN 1920’S• EXPRESSED JOY AND CHALLENGES OF BEING A
BLACK AMERICAN• WRITERS
– JAMES WELDON JOHNSON– ZORA NEALE HURSTON– LANGSTON HUGHES
THE BUSINESS CYCLE1920-1945
1930’S
1920’S
GREAT DEPRESSION
WWII
1940’s-1970’s
ECONOMIC DANGER SIGNS BEFORE THE CRASH
• EVERYONE TRIED TO GET RICH– UNETHICAL BUSINESS STANDARDS
• INCREASED PERSONAL DEBT– CONSUMER CREDIT– “BUY NOW! PAY LATER!”
• STOCK SPECULATION– BUYING ON MARGIN– “GET-RICH-QUICK!”
ECONOMIC DANGER SIGNS BEFORE THE CRASH
• OVERPRODUCTION BY FACTORIES AND FARMERS– TOO MANY GOODS AND CROPS– LOWER DEMAND– FACTORIES SLOWED DOWN PRODUCTION
• WORKERS LOST JOBS
– CROP PRICES FELL • FARMERS LOST FARMS
EFFECTS OF THE CRASH
• INVESTORS AND BUSINESSES LOST MILLIONS• THOUSANDS OF BANKS FAILED• PRODUCTION CUT, THOUSANDS OF WORKERS
LAID OFF• UNEMPLOYMENT INCREASED-25%• U.S. ECONOMY CONTRACTED (SHRUNK)• THE GREAT DEPRESSION BEGAN
EFFECTS OF THE GREAT STOCK MARKET CRASH
Great Crash Investors
Businesses and WorkersInvestors
lose millions.
Businesses lose profits.
Consumer spending drops.
Workers are laid
off.
Businesses cut investment and
production Some fail.
Banks
Businesses and workers cannot repay bank loans.
Savings accounts are wiped
out.
Bank runs
occur.
Banks run out of
money and fail.
World Payments
Overall U.S. production plummets.
U.S. investors have little
or no money to
invest.
U.S. investments in Germany
decline.
German war payments to Allies fall off.
Europeans cannot afford
American goods.
Allies cannot pay debts to
United States.
THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION
CAUSES OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION
OVER PRODUCTION OF FACTORIES
SPECULATION AND CREDIT
UNEVEN WEALTH
BAD BANKING STOCK
MARKET CRASH
OVERPRODUCTION BY FARMERS
EFFECTS OF THE DEPRESSION
• WIDESPREAD POVERTY• MANY WORKERS
– LOST JOBS– BECAME HOMELESS– SOME MOVED INTO
“HOOVERVILLES”
HOOVER
• LOST POPULARITY WITH AMERICANS• EVERYONE BLAMED HOOVER• ORDERED ARMY TO DRIVE BONUS MARCHERS
OUT OF WASHINGTON D.C. IN 1932
ELECTION OF 1932
HERBERT HOOVERVS.
FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT
MANY AMERICANS BLAMED HOOVER AND THE REPUBLICANS FOR THE DEPRESSION,
LEADING TO THE ELECTION OF DEMOCRAT FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT
FDR IN ELECTION OF 1932
• PLEDGED “NEW DEAL” FOR AMERICA• “HAPPY DAYS ARE HERE AGAIN”• WON ELECTION BY HUGE MARGIN
NEW DEAL PROGRAMS• CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CORPS, (CCC) 1933
– BENEFITED YOUNG MEN• PUBLIC WORKS ADMINISTRATION, (PWA) 1933
– GAVE 2 MILLION MALE WORKERS JOBS• WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION, (WPA) 1935
– BENEFITED ARTISTS AND WRITERS• SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION, (SSA) 1935
– BENEFITED ELDERLY AND POOR• NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD/ WAGNER ACT, (NLRB) 1935
• PROTECTED LABOR UNIONS• FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT, 1938
• ESTABLISHED THE MINIMUM WAGE• INDIAN REORGANIZATION ACT, 1935
– REPEALED DAWES ACT– ALLOWED INDIANS TO GOVERN RESERVATIONS
EFFECTS OF NEW DEAL
• RESTORED A SENSE OF HOPE TO AMERICANS • MANY “BELIEVED” IT HELPED THE ECONOMY;
IT ACTUALLY PROLONGED THE GREAT DEPRESSION
• EXPANDED THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT• SKYROCKETED THE NATIONAL DEBT
NEW DEAL AND TENNESSEE
• TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY (TVA)• CREATED JOBS IN SOUTH• CONTROLLED FLOODS• PROVIDED CHEAP ELECTRICITY
WWII
ALLIES
• FRANCE• GREAT BRITAIN• SOVIET UNION • USA (1941)
AXIS
• GERMANY• ITALY• JAPAN
VS
KEY TERMS• DICTATOR
– ONE MAN RULE• TOTALITARIAN GOVERNMENT
– TOTAL CONTROL OVER A COUNTRY• FASCISM
– EMPHASIZED IMPORTANCE OF NATION OR ETHNIC GROUP AND SUPREME LEADER
• NAZISM– GERMAN FASCISM– HITLER– EMPHASIZED THE “MASTER RACE”—LEBENSBORN– ANTI-SEMITISM (HATRED OF JEWS) LED TO HOLOCAUST
BETWEEN 1939 AND 1941, GERMANY INVADED AND CONQUERED MUCH OF EUROPE
September, 1939Germany invades
Poland
December, 1941
Japan attacks Pearl Harbor
September, 1943
Allies invade Italy
Allies invade France (D-Day)
June, 1944
May, 1945Germany
surrenders
Germany occupies
CzechoslovakiaMarch, 1939
1938
1946
1
23 4
5
1. What event started WWII?2. Who did the Allies fight against in Europe in 1944 and 1945?
THE PACIFIC 1942-1945
MANHATTAN PROJECT
• DEVELOPED ATOM BOMB• PRESIDENT TRUMAN ORDERED THEM USED
AGAINST JAPAN• HE WANTED TO END WAR WITH A NEW
POWERFUL WEAPON• DROPPED ON HIROSHIMA AND NAGASAKI
AUG 1945• JAPAN SURRENDERED
WWII AND TENNESSEE
• CORDELL HULL (PROGRESSIVE SOCIALIST)– FDR’S SECRETARY OF STATE DURING WWII– WON NOBEL PRIZE FOR PEACE– FATHER OF THE UNITED NATIONS
• FORT CAMPBELL– BUILT IN 1942– ARMY TRAINING BASE– HOME OF THE 101ST AIRBORNE
• OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY– HELPED DEVELOP ATOMIC BOMB– MANHATTAN PROJECT
THE COLD WARCOMPETITION THAT DEVELOPED AFTER WWII BETWEEN THE US AND USSR
FOR POWER AND INFLUENCE AROUND THE WORLD
COLD WAR
• CONFLICT BETWEEN U.S. AND SOVIET UNION WITH KOREAN, VIETNAM, AND MINOR EUROPEAN CONFLICTS
• LASTED 45 YEARS FROM 1946-1991• DEVELOPED INTO NUCLEAR ARMS RACE
THE ARMS RACE
• RACE TO DEVELOP NEW AND MORE POWERFUL WEAPONS
• NUCLEAR DETERRENCE– BECOME SO STRONG YOUR ENEMY WILL NOT ATTACK
YOU – HYDROGEN BOMBS– MISSILES
• BRINKMANSHIP– GET TO THE EDGE OF ATOMIC WAR AND THEN BACK
AWAY
U.S CONTAINMENT OF COMMUNISM
• BERLIN AIRLIFT, 1948• KOREAN WAR, 1950-1951• BERLIN WALL CRISIS, 1961• CUBA
– BAY OF PIGS INVASION, 1961– MISSILE CRISIS, 1962– BRINKMANSHIP (playing chess with nuclear weapons)– PEACEFUL COEXISTENCE (living together with nuclear
weapons)
• VIETNAM WAR, 1965 - 1973
JFK AND THE COLD WAR
• TENSIONS BETWEEN THE U.S AND SOVIET UNION INCREASED– BAY OF PIGS INVASION, 1961
• US WANTED TO OVERTHROW CASTRO
– CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS, 1962• SOVIETS TRIED TO PUT NUCLEAR MISSILES ON CUBA• BRINKMANSHIP WITH NUCLEAR WEAPONS• AFTERWARDS THE U.S. AND U.S.S.R. FOLLOWED A POLICY OF
PEACEFUL COEXISTENCE
THE MCCARTHY ERA1950-1954
• SENATOR JOSEPH MCCARTHY • ACCUSED COMMUNISTS OF TRYING TO
OVERTHROW U.S. GOVERNMENT • CALLED SUSPECTED COMMUNIST TO TESTIFY
IN SENATE– HEARINGS TELEVISED– BULLIED WITNESSES– PROGRESSIVES IN GOV’T AND MEDIA TRIED TO
DISCREDIT HIM
SUBURBS AND HIGHWAYS• SUBURBS GROW
– W.J. LEVITT MASS PRODUCED HOMES IN THE SUBURBS
– GI BILL ALLOWED MANY VETERANS TO BUY HOMES • CARS AND HIGHWAYS
– CARS AND BABY BOOM HELPED SUBURBS GROW– INTERSTATE HIGHWAY ACT (1956) CREATED
INTERSTATE HIGHWAYS
AMERICA IN THE 50s
• MOST AMERICANS VALUED CONFORMITY AND TRADITION OVER INDIVIDUALITY
• CONFORMITY:– FOLLOW THE RULES– LOOK AND ACT LIKE EVERYONE ELSE
• MEDIA PROMOTED CLEAN CUT TEEN IMAGE
EFFECT OF MASS MEDIA IN THE U.S.
• CREATED POPULAR CULTURE • BROUGHT AMERICA CLOSER TOGETHER
– MOVIES– NEWSPAPERS AND MAGAZINE– RADIO– TELEVISION
SOME QUESTIONED CONFORMITY
• BETTY FREIDAN WROTE THE FEMININE MYSTIQUE– SAID WOMEN WANTED MORE CHOICES
• ROCK AND ROLL MUSIC– ELVIS PRESLEY, CHUCK BERRY– SOME YOUNG PEOPLE WANTED THEIR OWN STYLE
• BEATNIKS– CHALLENGED TRADITION– SHOCKED MANY AMERICANS WITH THEIR CRAZY LIFESTYLE – STARTED THE COUNTERCULTURE
TENNESSEE AND THE MUSIC INDUSTRY
• NASHVILLE AND COUNTRY MUSIC– GRAND OLE OPRY– WSM RADIO– MUSIC INDUSTRY
• ELVIS PRESLEY AND MEMPHIS– SUN RECORDING STUDIO– GRACELAND
SPACE RACE
• BEGAN AFTER SPUTNIK LAUNCH– COMPETITION IN SPACE EXPLORATION AND
SCIENCE– SOVIETS GAINED EDGE AT FIRST
• NASA FORMED TO WIN SPACE RACE
CLINTON, TN: PROBLEMS SURFACE AFTER COURT-MANDATED DESEGREGATION IN 1956
THE CLINTON DESEGREGATION LAWSUIT ACTUALLY PREDATED THE BROWN V. BOARD OF EDUCATION CASE
CIVIL RIGHTS MILESTONES
• 1947- JACKIE ROBINSON INTEGRATED MAJOR LEAGUE BASEBALL
• 1954- BROWN V. BOARD OF EDUCATION ENDS SEGREGATED SCHOOLS
• 1956- MLK LEADS MONTGOMERY BUS BOYCOTT• 1956 – VIOLENCE ERUPTS IN CLINTON, TN IN
ATTEMPT TO DESEGREGATE SCHOOLS • 1957- PRESIDENT EISENHOWER SENT TROOPS TO
LITTLE ROCK, AR TO INTEGRATE SCHOOLS
CIVIL RIGHTS MILESTONES
• 1960 – SIT INS AT LUNCH COUNTERS• 1961 – FREEDOM RIDES ACROSS THE SOUTH• 1963 – BIRMINGHAM PROTESTS AND
BOMBINGS• 1963 - MARCH ON WASHINGTON (MLK
SPEECH)• 1964 – CIVIL RIGHTS LAW PASSED
CIVIL RIGHTS LEADERS
• MLK - SCLC• DIANE NASH – SNCC (NASHVILLE ,FISK, SIT-INS,
FREEDOM RIDE)• JOHN LEWIS - SNCC (NASHVILLE ,FISK, SIT-INS,
FREEDOM RIDE)• STOKELY CARMICHAEL - SNCC (BLACK POWER)• MALCOM X - NATION OF ISLAM
AGAINST INTEGRATION
GEORGE WALLACE
ORVALFAUBUS
BULL CONNOR
STROM THURMAN
August, 1964Gulf of Tonkin
Resolution passed
January, 1968Tet Offensive
began
U.S. & North Vietnam sign
cease-fireJanuary, 1973
April, 1975South Vietnam
Falls
Geneva Accords divided Vietnam into North and
South, 1954
1953
1976
1
2 4
53
First U.S. combat troops arrive in
Vietnam
1965
1. Why did the U.S. get involved in Vietnam during this period?2. How did the war affect the U.S. home front?
KEY WATERGATE FIGURES
• HOWARD BAKER AND SAM ERVIN• WOODWARD AND BERNSTEIN• DEAN, HALDERMAN• LIDDY AND MCCORD• COX AND JAWORSKI
• SENATORS(CONGRESSIONAL INVESTIGATORS)
• REPORTERS (MEDIA)
• ADMINISTRATION (STAFF)
• PLUMBERS (BREAK-IN)• SPECIAL PROSECUTORS
ENTREPRENEURS OF LATE 1900s QUIZ
• Sam Walton• Ray Kroc• Lee Iococca• Donald Trump• Jeff Bezos• Bill Gates• Steve Jobs
• Apple /McIntosh • McDonalds• Chrysler• Amazon.com• Walmart• Microsoft• Real Estate
REAGAN & BUSH v. CLINTON
REAGAN & BUSH• 1980-1993• REPUBLICANS• CONSERVATIVES• WANTED SMALLER GOVERNMENT• MILITARY BUILD UP ENDED COLD WAR• PEACE THROUGH STRENGTH
CLINTON• 1993-2001• DEMOCRAT• PROGRESSIVE• REPUBLICAN CONGRESS BALANCED BUDGET• STRONG ECONOMY• FOUGHT WITH CONGRESS• MONICA SCANDAL
