AP Psych Review

Prologue – Chapter 8

TopicsExperimentsParts of brainNervous systemSplit brainNeurotransmittersPerceptionSleep stagesClassical conditioning

ExperimentsHypothesisIVDVControl groupExperimental groupDesign flaws Population/

generalization/sampling Random assignment Bias Confounding variables

Parts of the Brain

Brainstem Medulla

Pons

Cerebellum

RAS

Autonomic functions like circulation, breathing & digestion

Relay b/w hindbrain & cerebral cortex

Motor movement for balance & accuracy

Arousal level (awake or sleepy)

Parts of the Brain

Limbic system Hypothalamus

Thalamus

Hippocampus

Amygdala

Basal ganglia

Essential survival structuresControls autonomic NS; basic needs &

emotions, pituitary, cycles of consciousness

Relay station b/w body & senses (except smell)

Formation & storage of new memories

Associations b/w emotions & memories

Planning & producing movement

Parts of the BrainCerebral cortex Occipital lobes

Primary visual cortex Temporal lobes

Primary auditory cortex Wernicke’s area

Parietal lobes Primary somatosensory

cortex Frontal lobes

Primary motor cortex Prefrontal cortex Broca’s area

Vision; back of head

Hearing; above ears on sidesL side; understanding language &

sentences

Touch info; top back

Voluntary movementCore of personality; interpret

emotionsL side; production of speech; muscles

Pinky & the Brain

Pinky & the Brain

Nervous system

CNS Brain Spinal cord

PNS Somatic Autonomic

Sympathetic Parasympatheti

c

Split brain

Left hemisphere (R-handed) Verbal Word recognition Math calculation Logic

Right hemisphere (L-handed) Nonverbal Drawing Picture/face recognition Inferences re: language

L R

Neurotransmitters

Muscle function; memoryMovementInhibits painLowers activity levelsMemory; fight or flightMood & sleep regulationTransmits pain info

ACETYLCHOLINE

DOPAMINE

ENDORPHINSGABANOREPINEPHRINESEROTONINSUBSTANCE P

PerceptionGestalt theory Closure Continuation Figure-ground Proximity Similarity

PerceptionDepth perceptionMonocular cues Linear perspective Overlap Relative size Texture gradient Motion parallax

Perception

Depth perceptionBinocular cues Convergence Retinal disparity

Sleep Stages Non REM Stage 1

5 minutes Hypnotic sensations

Stage 2 Approximately 20 minutes Clearly asleep Sleep spindles Sleep talking

Stage 3 Transitional lasting a few

minutes Begin to see delta waves

Stage 4 Approximately 30 minutes Mostly delta waves Hard to wake up Bedwetting Sleep walking Night terrors

REM Vivid dreaming Paralysis Nightmares

Sleep cycle Awake Non REM 1,2,3,4,3,2 REM Non REM 2,3,4,3,2 REM** as REM gets longer,

stages 3 & 4 get shorter

Classical conditioning

UCSUCRCSCR

*Pinky & Pavlov’s Mice

Pavlov's Dog

Learned

Unlearned

Pinky & Pavlov’s Mice