AP EUROPEAN HISTORY EXAMINATION SECTION I: Multiple-Choice Questions

Time – 55 minutes Number of Questions – 80

Directions Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or completions. For each question, select the best response in each case.

1. Which of the following was not true of the Black Plague (Black Death)?

A) Almost one-third of Europeans died. B) Eastern Europe escaped the disease. C) The disease was spread in part due to trade routes. D) Laborers could demand higher wages. E) Europe experienced a general rise in prices. 2. The Hundred Years’ War A) was fought continuously for one hundred years. B) was won by England. C) led to the canonization of Joan of Arc, so that she could retire. D) caused countries to recognize the need for standing armies. E) caused the decline of nationalism. 3. The Babylonian Captivity and the Great

Schism A) deepened faith in the Catholic Church B) caused people to question the church. C) improved papal prestige. D) caused countries to battle over religion. E) prolonged the era of the Middle Ages. 4. Uprisings such as the jacquerie occurred

in the fourteenth century due to all of the following except

A) class clash. B) taxation. C) religious differences. D) frustration with the nobility. E) defeat in war. 5. Which of the following contained bitter

criticism of the Catholic Church? A) Dante’s Divine Comedy B) Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales C) Villon’s Grand Testament D) Dalimil Chronicle E) Pisan’s Book of Three Virtues

6. The Italian city-states during the

Renaissance A) were oligarchies. B) were able to prevent corruption because the leaders were educated. C) created cooperative economic units. D) prevented the French from invading. E) were wealthy but not interested in culture. 7. A Renaissance man A) attempted to specialize so that the could become an expert. B) was increasingly secular. C) emphasized modesty and using his talents for God. D) avoided the study of Latin classics. E) avoided pleasures of the senses. 8. Which of the following is not true of

Italian Renaissance art? A) It studied classical subject. B) It reflected significant use of perspective. C) It was rejected by the guilds. D) Artists signed their works. E) The Catholic Church was a major patron. 9. Humanists A) promoted education for the elite. B) departed from Castiglione’s The Courtier. C) avoided a study of classical literature as outdated. D) allowed upper-class women to be educated but never established schools for girls. E.) concentrated on humanitarian efforts. 10. The role of women during the

Renaissance included all of the following except

A) slavery. B) jobs such as making sails, managing businesses, weaving, and midwifing. C) some political and legal activity for upper-class women. D) running their husband’s establishments. E) overseeing servants and entertaining.

11. Machiavelli’s The Prince A) reflects a pessimistic view of man. B) was written to praise Italy’s success during the Renaissance. C) emphasizes civic virtue and morality. D) was embraced by successful monarchs in sixteenth-century. E) was adopted by Lorenzo de’ Medici. 12. Henry VII’s Court of Star Chamber A) reflected an enlightened view of the monarch’s role. B) reduced the power of the nobles through intimidation. C) conducted foreign policy. D) resulted in peasants’ uprisings. E) eliminated torture. 13. During the fifteenth century, Spain A) joined five key provinces. B) gained power over the Catholic Church and the aristocracy. C) failed in the reconquista. D) eliminated resentment against the Jews. E) ended the medieval practice of the Inquisition. 14. Until the beginning of the sixteenth

century, criticism of the Catholic Church was focused primarily on

A) relics and transubstantiation B) the desire to allow priests to marry. C) immorality and ignorance among the clergy. D) overly spiritual bishops. E) refusal of the church to allow divorce. 15. Martin Luther A) sought to create a new church as an alternative to corrupt Catholic practices. B) joined forces with Calvin to spread Protestantism. C) supported the peasants in their major revolt in 1525. D) hoped to reform Catholic theology as well as corrupt practices. E) was burned at the stake.

16. The impact of the Protestant Reformation included all of the following except

A) reform of practices within the Catholic Church. B) division among Protestants. C) religious wars. D) continued fragmentation of the Holy Roman Empire. E) increased social mobility for the peasants. 17. John Calvin’s theology emphasized A) salvation by faith alone. B) morality and hard work. C) free will in terms of salvation. D) cooperation with the Anabaptists. E) spiritual warfare against the Catholic Church. 18. Henry VIII broke from the Catholic

Church because of A) serious doubts about Catholic theology. B) his concerns about succession. C) his desire to protect Protestants in England. D) influence from his first wife. E) his political designs on Spain. 19. The Council of Trent A) affirmed Catholic theology was it had been for the preceding 1,500 years. B) brought about reconciliation with the Protestants. C) limited the number of saints to be honored. D) separated itself from the influence of international politics. E) allowed couples to exchange marriage vows without witnesses. 20. The series of civil wars in France during

the sixteenth century ended because of A) success by the Catholics. B) a moderate policy by King Henry IV. C) exile of the Huguenots. D). invasion by the Spanish Habsburgs. E) peace-making efforts by the pope. 21. Western expansion in the sixteenth

century included involvement in the Muslim area currently known as

A) China. B) Indonesia. C) Central America. D) South Africa. E) Canada.

22. All of the following technological improvements contributed to sixteenth-century exploration except

A) the astrolabe. B) better sails. C) the magnetic compass. D) the caravel. E) galleys. 23. Baroque art and music were A) solely religious. B) ornate and dramatic. C) based on classicism. D) favored in Protestant countries. E) a reaction against the Catholic Church. 24. Louis XIV was A) a believer in the divine right of kings. B) a politique. C) the victor in the Thirty Years’ War. D) a leader who accomplished a lot during his short reign. E) a monarch who made peace with the Protestants in his country. 25. Mercantilism is associated with all of

the following except A) Colbert. B) colonies. C) government subsidies. D) tariffs. E) a command economy. 26. A major reason for the decline of Spain

during he seventeenth century was A) its treatment of the Amerindians in South America. B) inflation. C) civil war between the monarchy and Parliament. D) colonial revolts. E) friction between the monarchy and the aristocracy. 27. The English Civil War was caused by

problems with A) peasants. B) Catholics. C) Puritans and Parliament. D) succession to the throne. E) the threat of foreign invasion. 28. The seventeenth century Netherlands

was A) monarchical. B) republican. C) theocratic. D) totalitarian. E) aristocratic.

29. The Thirty Years’ War A) devastated central Europe. B) provided additional territory to the Catholic Church. C) was based solely on religious differences. D) contributed to the unification of Germany. E) strengthened the new monarchies. 30. Peter the Great’s policies resulted in A) less nationalism. B) increased westernization. C) strengthening the Orthodox church. D) creation of a group of loyal boyars. E) loss of a major war. 31. Which of the following did not

contribute to the development of the scientific revolution?

A) Renaissance attitudes B) Better instruments C) The Enlightenment D) The medieval university tradition E) The need to solve navigational problems. 32. The Enlightenment A) appealed to peasants and the urban poor as well as to intellectuals. B) rejected the scientific revolution as too mechanical. C) was profoundly secular. D) attempted to reform the church. E) emphasized the university movement. 33. Whose policies were most strongly

influenced by Enlightenment thought? A) Peter the Great B) Louis XIV C) William and Mary D) Catherine the Great E) Louis XVI 34. The enclosure movement contributed to

the agricultural revolution because A) the peasants supported it B) it consolidated land. C) it allowed the government to control more land. D) it preserved the monasteries. E) it led to the end of tariffs. 35. The agricultural revolution promoted

the growth of population in Europe during the

A) fifteenth century. B) sixteenth century. C) seventeenth century. D) eighteenth century. E) nineteenth century.

36. The Atlantic slave trade A) was a major reason for commercial success for Europe and North America. B) declined after the American Revolution. C) contributed to widespread economic improvement in Africa. D) was not formally opposed until the U.S. Civil War. E) and slavery had been abolished in Europe by the middle of the nineteenth century. 37. Adam Smith A) wrote persuasively against Marx and Marxism. B) was considered an economic liberal. C) did not favor any government involvement in the economy. D) believed in a command economy. E) was a mercantilist. 38. Until the late eighteenth century,

women A) married late and immediately began bearing children. B) married early but waited to begin bearing children. C) married when the family could provide a sufficient dowry. D) lived with their extended families, even after marriage. E) were encouraged to date before settling into an arranged marriage. 39. Which of the following was true in the

eighteenth century? A) Peasants ate less food in 1700 than in 1500. B) Small traders and master craftsmen had a more varied diet than peasants. C) The poor of northern Europe ate better than the poor of southern Europe. D) The urban poor did not have ready access to vegetables. E) Milk, in small quantities, was a staple in most homes. 40. Shortly after the storming of the Bastille

in Paris, in July 1789, A) the Terror began. B) Austria invaded France, hoping to help the monarchy. C) the National Assembly abolished noble privileges. D) the king was beheaded. E) the revolutionaries fought among themselves.

41. Napoleon’s expansion in Europe resulted in all of the following except

A) nationalism in Spain and Germany. B) unity and order in France. C) Russian victory. D) French power over the Catholic Church. E) more right for women. 42. Malthus and Ricardo A) predicted a better standard of living as a result of the Industrial Revolution. B) predicted that population would outgrow food sources as a result of the Industrial Revolution. C) influenced the Parliament in Britain to pass the Reform Bill of 1832. D) created railroad monopolies. E) stimulated inventions in the textile industry. 43. Put these countries in order of their

economic power in the early nineteenth century on the basis of numbers of factories, cities, roads, canals, and trade.

I. Great Britain II. France III. Germany IV. Russia

A) I, II, III, and IV B) III, I, II, and IV C) III, II, IV, and I D) I, IV, III, and II E) II, I, III, and IV

44. Which of the following benefited most

form the second Industrial Revolution? A) Peasants B) The urban lower class C) the middle class D) American anarchists E) Impressionist artists 45. In 1848 revolutions occurred in many

European countries. Which of the following countries did not experience such revolutions, primarily because it made some political accommodations?

A) Britain B) Italy C) France D) Austria E) Germany 46. Which of the following was labeled the

Sick Man of Europe? A) Austria B) France C) Turkey D) Britain E) Poland

47. Who said, “The great questions of our day cannot be resolved by speeches and majority votes – that was the great mistake of 1848-1849 – but by blood and iron.”

A) Winston Churchill B) Otto von Bismarck C) Karl Marx D) Count Camillo di Cavour E) Adolf Hitler 48. The Boers A) were Dutch Calvinists. B) aligned with the British in South Africa. C) were defeated by the Zulus. D) encouraged British control of the diamond mines. E) decided to leave South Africa after the Boer War. 49. On January 13, 1898, Emile Zola’s

“J’Accuse,” an open letter to the president of France, directly denounced the military and implicitly denounced

A) anti-Semitism. B) Aryans. C) French Jerusalem. D) the Rothschilds. E) Zionists. 50. The first Industrial Revolution during

the early nineteenth century involved which industry and country?

A) Silk / France B) Textiles / Britain C) Coal / Germany D) Steel / United States E) Manufacturing / Japan 51. The growth of railroads crated all of the

following except A) allowing factories to be built in more locations. B) creating new jobs and sparking production. C) enabling the development of planned cities, with railroad stations at the center D) providing a boost to agriculture E) marking the dawn of mobility of the masses.

52. The enclosure movement in Britain had all of the following effects except

A) the rapid growth of cities. B) new large landowners experimenting with agricultural innovations. C) a dramatic decline in Europe’s population D) an increased labor force for new industries E) forcing many small landowners off of their land. 53. The most common occupation for

women in the late nineteenth century was

A) teacher. B) nurse. C) factory worker. D) domestic servant. E) doctor. 54. Japan responded to nineteenth-century

Western industrialization in all of the following ways except

A) with imperialism. B) with a “select and adopt” policy. C) by accepting laissez-faire economics. D) by building up its military. E) with a policy of “Opening the country to drive out the barbarians.” 55. By the late nineteenth century most

social welfare in Europe included all of the following except

A) public works. B) compulsory education. C) improved sanitation. D) safety standards. E) women’s suffrage. 56. Which of the following was introduced

during the late nineteenth century? A) Methodism B) Laissez-faire economics C) Machiavellian politics D) Existentialism E) Social Darwinism 57. Who was considered the Father of

Psychology? A) Nietzsche B) Freud C) Darwin D) Jung E) James

58. All of the following made political statements through their art in the eighteenth or early nineteenth century except

A) Constable. B) Goya. C) David. D) Delacroix. E) Hogarth. 59. Romanticism in the nineteenth century

is best described as A) an indirect protest against the inadequacy of social conditions. B) a school of painting that studied the effects of light and dark. C) an artistic emphasis on feeling, emotion, and imagination. D) secular art with careful attention to reason. E) genre painting. 60. Who discovered and studied bacteria

that cause disease in man and animals? A) Robert Koch B) Joseph Lister C) William Harvey D) Louis Pasteur E) Antoine Lavoisier 61. The causes of World War I included all

of the following except A) alliances. B) propaganda. C) intellectual influences. D) nationalism. E) the arms race. 62. The most representative symbol of

World War I warfare was A) trench warfare. B) the atomic bomb. C) the Luftwaffe D) night bombing. E) the Maginot line. 63. The social impact of World War I on

women included all of the following except

A) more focus on the home while the men were at war. B) women were more visible. C) women worked in industry, offices, and transportation. D) several countries granted women suffrage shortly after the war. E) some women bobbed their hair, shortened their skirts, and smoked.

64. Russia’s involvement in World War I A) ended when winter defeated the enemy. B) ended when Lenin signed a traty and withdrew from the war. C) contributed to the success of the Allies. D) included submarines as well as infantry. E) inspired support for the tsar. 65. Causes of the Russian Revolution

included all of the following except A) social mobility. B) weak leadership. C) desperation for food. D) an inspired revolutionary leader E) war losses. 66. Lenin was all of the following except A) Marxist. B) opposed to Russian involvement in World War I. C) supportive of the Provisional Government D) not in Russia when the revolution broke out. E) supported by the majority of the Duma. 67. Lenin’s victory in the Russian

Revolution was followed by all of the following except

A) civil war. B) war communism. C) Cheka. D) worldwide revolution. E) foreign involvement that fought against Lenin’s Reds. 68. Which of the following is not

considered a realist? A) Henry James B) James Joyce C) Gustave Flaubert D) Charles Dickens E) Fyodor Dostoevsky 69. Who wrote the following? “Take up the white man’s Burden – Send forth the best ye breed – Go bind your sons to exile To serve your captives’ need . . .”

A) Anton Chekhov B) Rudyard Kipling C) George Bernard Shaw D) Emile Zola E) David Livingston

70. The Treaty of Versailles A) ensured peace in Europe through the League of Nations B) allowed Germany and Russia to participate as a conciliatory measure. C) insisted that Germany pay for the war. D) created a French buffer state to protect against Germany. E) gave Germany’s colonies their independence. 71. During the early 1920’s both France

and Germany experienced all of the following except

A) rapid rebuilding of the areas destroyed by war. B) communists and socialists battling for control. C) strong business interests being represented in government. D) lack of confidence in the economy of the country. E) a trend toward conservative leadership. 72. The Great Depression prompted all of

the following except A) the New Deal in the United States. B) the rise of Hitler in Germany. C) the Popular Front in France. D) Britain experiencing the highest unemployment in Europe. E) the “middle way” in Scandinavia. 73. Which of the following Soviet policies

was least totalitarian? A) NEP B) Collectivization C) Five Year Plans D) Stalin’s purges E) Social realism in art 74. During World War II, the Axis Powers

conquered all of the following except A) the Philippines. B) the Soviet Union. C) France. D) the eastern coast of China. E) eastern Europe. 75. Which of the following was not part of

the Soviet cold war policies? A) The Berlin Wall B) Satellite countries C) Decolonization D) The Brezhnev Doctrine E) The response to the Hungarian Revolution in 1956

76. After World War II western European demographic trends could be described as

A) the baby boom followed by a decline in birth rates after 1952. B) the baby boom of an average of four children per family until the 1980’s. C) small families so that children could experience more material benefits. D) fewer marriages due to high unemployment E) women continuing to work in heavy industry and thus postponing marriage. 77. Which of the following are most closely

associated with the twentieth-century feminist movement?

A) Riefenstahl and Cavendish B) De Beauvoir and Friedan C) De Stael and Geoffrin D) Wollstonecraft and Mill E) Stanton and Mott 78. Which of the following was not an

indication that Soviet communism was weakening?

A) The Polish Solidarity movement B) Glosnost C) Perestroika D) The invasion of Afghanistan E) A reduction of Soviet arms buildup 79. The revolutions of 1989 resulted in all

of the following except A) the prevention of the breakup of Yugoslavia. B) the Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia. C) the reunification of East and West Germany D) Gorbachev’s reforms facing difficulties. E) the end of the cold war. 80. Which of the following is not associated

with the European Union? A) The Maastricht Treaty B) The euro replacing the currency of individual countries C) Immigration issues D) The European Economic Community E) The European Economic standing army