AP Biology 12 Concept 1 continued: Analyzing components and reproduction cycles of viruses Please...

32
AP Biology 12 Concept 1 continued: Analyzing components and reproduction cycles of viruses Please refer to: Chapter 19 in Campbell pg 134-136 in Holtzclaw Practice Questions: Holtzclaw: #2,10 p.143,144 Campbell: #1,2 (19.1) p. 384 #1, 2, 3, 4 (19.2) p. 390 #1,2,3,8 p. 395 ,

Transcript of AP Biology 12 Concept 1 continued: Analyzing components and reproduction cycles of viruses Please...

Page 1: AP Biology 12 Concept 1 continued: Analyzing components and reproduction cycles of viruses Please refer to: Chapter 19 in Campbell pg 134-136 in Holtzclaw.

AP Biology 12Concept 1 continued: Analyzing components

and reproduction cycles of viruses

Please refer to: Chapter 19 in Campbell

pg 134-136 in Holtzclaw

Practice Questions:Holtzclaw: #2,10

p.143,144Campbell: #1,2 (19.1)

p. 384#1, 2, 3, 4 (19.2) p. 390

#1,2,3,8 p. 395,

Page 2: AP Biology 12 Concept 1 continued: Analyzing components and reproduction cycles of viruses Please refer to: Chapter 19 in Campbell pg 134-136 in Holtzclaw.

Learning Intentions

You must know:The components of a virusThe differences between lytic and lysogenic

cycles

Page 3: AP Biology 12 Concept 1 continued: Analyzing components and reproduction cycles of viruses Please refer to: Chapter 19 in Campbell pg 134-136 in Holtzclaw.

Can you find the viruses?

What are the viruses infecting?

Page 4: AP Biology 12 Concept 1 continued: Analyzing components and reproduction cycles of viruses Please refer to: Chapter 19 in Campbell pg 134-136 in Holtzclaw.

What does this bacteriophage virus remind you of?

Page 5: AP Biology 12 Concept 1 continued: Analyzing components and reproduction cycles of viruses Please refer to: Chapter 19 in Campbell pg 134-136 in Holtzclaw.

How were viruses first discovered?

Waaaaay smaller than bacteria!

Tobacco mosaic disease

How does this experiment support the idea of viruses?

Page 6: AP Biology 12 Concept 1 continued: Analyzing components and reproduction cycles of viruses Please refer to: Chapter 19 in Campbell pg 134-136 in Holtzclaw.

Discuss: Are viruses alive or dead? Why? What defines a virus? What defines life?

Page 7: AP Biology 12 Concept 1 continued: Analyzing components and reproduction cycles of viruses Please refer to: Chapter 19 in Campbell pg 134-136 in Holtzclaw.

Try This!

Which of the following is not a property of life shared by prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells, and viruses?

A. nucleic acids used to store hereditary information

B. order and complexity in arrangement of biological molecules

C. the ability to process energy through metabolic reactions

D. the capacity to evolve

Page 8: AP Biology 12 Concept 1 continued: Analyzing components and reproduction cycles of viruses Please refer to: Chapter 19 in Campbell pg 134-136 in Holtzclaw.

Try This!

Which of the following is not a property of life shared by prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells, and viruses?

A. nucleic acids used to store hereditary information

B. order and complexity in arrangement of biological molecules

C. the ability to process energy through metabolic reactions

D. the capacity to evolve

Page 9: AP Biology 12 Concept 1 continued: Analyzing components and reproduction cycles of viruses Please refer to: Chapter 19 in Campbell pg 134-136 in Holtzclaw.

Try This! Viruses:“a kind of borrowed life”

Classify each statement as TRUE or FALSE, and identify which statement supports the view of most biologists that viruses are nonliving.

A. Viruses are two-dimensional, rather than three-dimensional.

B. The viral genome may be single- or double-stranded.

C. Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites.

D. An isolated virus is unable to replicate its genes or regenerate ATP.

Page 10: AP Biology 12 Concept 1 continued: Analyzing components and reproduction cycles of viruses Please refer to: Chapter 19 in Campbell pg 134-136 in Holtzclaw.

Try This! Viruses:“a kind of borrowed life”

Classify each statement as TRUE or FALSE, and identify which statement supports the view of most biologists that viruses are nonliving.

A. Viruses are two-dimensional, rather than three-dimensional. FALSE

B. The viral genome may be single- or double-stranded. TRUE

C. Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites. TRUE

D. An isolated virus is unable to replicate its genes or regenerate ATP. TRUE

Page 11: AP Biology 12 Concept 1 continued: Analyzing components and reproduction cycles of viruses Please refer to: Chapter 19 in Campbell pg 134-136 in Holtzclaw.

What is a virus made of?

Genetic material: single or double stranded DNA or single or double stranded RNA

Protein shell: capsidSome viruses also have

viral envelopes from membrane of host cells

Page 12: AP Biology 12 Concept 1 continued: Analyzing components and reproduction cycles of viruses Please refer to: Chapter 19 in Campbell pg 134-136 in Holtzclaw.

Compare the structure of these two viruses:

Page 13: AP Biology 12 Concept 1 continued: Analyzing components and reproduction cycles of viruses Please refer to: Chapter 19 in Campbell pg 134-136 in Holtzclaw.

Compare the structure of these three viruses:

Page 14: AP Biology 12 Concept 1 continued: Analyzing components and reproduction cycles of viruses Please refer to: Chapter 19 in Campbell pg 134-136 in Holtzclaw.

Try This!

Bacteriophages were grown in a medium containing radioactive sulfur (35S) and radioactive phosphorous (32P), which are incorporated into proteins and DNA, respectively. If these phages were used to infect a bacterial culture, which isotope would be detected within the infected bacteria?

A. 35SB. 32PC. bothD. neither

Page 15: AP Biology 12 Concept 1 continued: Analyzing components and reproduction cycles of viruses Please refer to: Chapter 19 in Campbell pg 134-136 in Holtzclaw.

Try This!

Bacteriophages were grown in a medium containing radioactive sulfur (35S) and radioactive phosphorous (32P), which are incorporated into proteins and DNA, respectively. If these phages were used to infect a bacterial culture, which isotope would be detected within the infected bacteria?

A. 35SB. 32PC. bothD. neither

Page 16: AP Biology 12 Concept 1 continued: Analyzing components and reproduction cycles of viruses Please refer to: Chapter 19 in Campbell pg 134-136 in Holtzclaw.

How do viruses replicate?

Overall: Simplified Viral Reproduction (Campbell Online)

Page 17: AP Biology 12 Concept 1 continued: Analyzing components and reproduction cycles of viruses Please refer to: Chapter 19 in Campbell pg 134-136 in Holtzclaw.

How do viruses replicate?

Bacteriophage: Lytic vs lysogenic cycles (Campbell) (Campbell)

Page 18: AP Biology 12 Concept 1 continued: Analyzing components and reproduction cycles of viruses Please refer to: Chapter 19 in Campbell pg 134-136 in Holtzclaw.
Page 19: AP Biology 12 Concept 1 continued: Analyzing components and reproduction cycles of viruses Please refer to: Chapter 19 in Campbell pg 134-136 in Holtzclaw.
Page 20: AP Biology 12 Concept 1 continued: Analyzing components and reproduction cycles of viruses Please refer to: Chapter 19 in Campbell pg 134-136 in Holtzclaw.
Page 21: AP Biology 12 Concept 1 continued: Analyzing components and reproduction cycles of viruses Please refer to: Chapter 19 in Campbell pg 134-136 in Holtzclaw.
Page 22: AP Biology 12 Concept 1 continued: Analyzing components and reproduction cycles of viruses Please refer to: Chapter 19 in Campbell pg 134-136 in Holtzclaw.
Page 23: AP Biology 12 Concept 1 continued: Analyzing components and reproduction cycles of viruses Please refer to: Chapter 19 in Campbell pg 134-136 in Holtzclaw.
Page 24: AP Biology 12 Concept 1 continued: Analyzing components and reproduction cycles of viruses Please refer to: Chapter 19 in Campbell pg 134-136 in Holtzclaw.

How does a virus replicate?

Retroviruses (Campbell))

Use the enzyme reverse transcriptase

Example: HIV

Page 25: AP Biology 12 Concept 1 continued: Analyzing components and reproduction cycles of viruses Please refer to: Chapter 19 in Campbell pg 134-136 in Holtzclaw.

Try This!

AZT is a nucleoside analog used to treat HIV infections. It is a thymine (T) nucleoside with an azide group instead of the hydroxyl group found in typical thymine nucleosides. Which step does AZT hamper in the reproductive cycle of the HIV virus?

A. entry into the cell

B. reverse transcription of DNA from RNA

C. transcription of RNA from proviral DNA

D. viral assembly within the cell

Page 26: AP Biology 12 Concept 1 continued: Analyzing components and reproduction cycles of viruses Please refer to: Chapter 19 in Campbell pg 134-136 in Holtzclaw.

Try This!

AZT is a nucleoside analog used to treat HIV infections. It is a thymine (T) nucleoside with an azide group instead of the hydroxyl group found in typical thymine nucleosides. Which step does AZT hamper in the reproductive cycle of the HIV virus?

A. entry into the cell

B. reverse transcription of DNA from RNA

C. transcription of RNA from proviral DNA

D. viral assembly within the cell

Page 27: AP Biology 12 Concept 1 continued: Analyzing components and reproduction cycles of viruses Please refer to: Chapter 19 in Campbell pg 134-136 in Holtzclaw.

Viroids and Prions: the really little guys

Viroids – circular RNAMostly affects plants

Prions – misfolded, infectious proteinExample: Mad Cow

Page 28: AP Biology 12 Concept 1 continued: Analyzing components and reproduction cycles of viruses Please refer to: Chapter 19 in Campbell pg 134-136 in Holtzclaw.

Try This!

Identify all correct statements.A. Unlike viruses, viroids do not encode proteins.

B. Unlike viruses, the genetic material of a viroid is RNA.

C. Unlike viruses, prions are infectious proteins.

D. Unlike viruses, prions do not include any nucleic acids.

Page 29: AP Biology 12 Concept 1 continued: Analyzing components and reproduction cycles of viruses Please refer to: Chapter 19 in Campbell pg 134-136 in Holtzclaw.

Try This!

Identify all correct statements.A. Unlike viruses, viroids do not encode proteins.

B. Unlike viruses, the genetic material of a viroid is RNA.

C. Unlike viruses, prions are infectious proteins.

D. Unlike viruses, prions do not include any nucleic acids.

Page 30: AP Biology 12 Concept 1 continued: Analyzing components and reproduction cycles of viruses Please refer to: Chapter 19 in Campbell pg 134-136 in Holtzclaw.

Beautiful viral animationHepatitis C virus

Viral structures

Discovery Channel - Emerging Diseases (CD-Rom)

Page 31: AP Biology 12 Concept 1 continued: Analyzing components and reproduction cycles of viruses Please refer to: Chapter 19 in Campbell pg 134-136 in Holtzclaw.

Learning Intentions

You must know:The components of a virusThe differences between lytic and lysogenic

cycles

Page 32: AP Biology 12 Concept 1 continued: Analyzing components and reproduction cycles of viruses Please refer to: Chapter 19 in Campbell pg 134-136 in Holtzclaw.

Try These:

1. Explain how capsids and envelopes are formed

2. Distinguish between the lytic and lysogenic reproductive cycles

3. Explain why viruses are obligate intracellular parasites

4. Describe the reproductive cycle of an HIV retrovirus

5. Describe three processes that lead to the emergence of new diseases

6. Describe viroids and prions