AOS: Photon Calibrator Technical Status NSF Review, April 25-27, 2011 Rick Savage (and Jonathan...
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AOS: Photon CalibratorTechnical Status
NSF Review, April 25-27, 2011
Rick Savage
(and Jonathan Berliner)
LIGO-G1100454-v5 AOS: Photon Calibrator 1
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Functions
Provide an independent, absolute length fiducial via photon radiation pressure
» Conceptually simple, one-step calibration method» Displacements on order of what is expected for gravitational waves» Power measurement standard calibrated at NIST
Provide an independent timing standard by driving the Photon Calibrator (Pcal) with a function generator locked to GPS 1pps signal.
» One or all of the injected Pcal lines
Calibrate and assess the stability of the End Test Mass electrostatic drive actuators
» Suitability for use in interferometer calibration
AOS: Photon Calibrator 2LIGO-G1100454-v5
Project cost for Pcal is $1.22M
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Requirements
Functional Requirements:5% absolute length modulation accuracy, for modulation frequencies from 10 Hz to 1.5 kHz.Three simultaneous excitations with SNR > 20 with 1-second DFTs (~ 50 Hz, ~ 400 Hz, ~ 1 kHz) ~ 2 kHz excitation with SNR > 20 with 60-second DFTs.Swept-sine measurements of interferometer response from 10 Hz to 1 kHz with good SNR in less than 1 hour.
Noise Requirements:Harmonic noise < 10% of aLIGO design sensitivity with 60-second DFTsRIN-induced displacement < 10% of aLIGO design sensitivity.
AOS: Photon Calibrator 3LIGO-G1100454-v5
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Overall Concept
Power-modulated auxiliary laser induces modulated displacement of End Test Mass.
Two-beam configuration to minimize impact of elastic deformation of surface of optic.
AOS: Photon Calibrator 4
Pcal Transmitter
Pcal Receiver
End Test Mass
LIGO-G1100454-v5
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Absolute Power Calibration
Pcal internal power monitors calibrated by:» Gold Standard power sensor that is calibrated at NIST» Working Standard power sensor calibrated
by Gold Standard
» Integrating spheres with InGaAs photoreceivers» Developed in consultation with J. Hadler at NIST
5AOS: Photon CalibratorLIGO-G1100454-v5
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Elastic Deformation of Test Mass
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Comsol finite element modeling(P. Daveloza)» Locate two beams at radial positions that
minimize excitation of the drumhead mode
Drumhead
Butterfly
LIGO-G1100454-v5
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Development History
Conceptual Design Review – June 2007 (P. Willems and M. Smith)
Preliminary design deferred – 2007 to Feb. 2011 iLIGO Pcals fabricated, installed (H1, H2, and L1), and operated
– (with E. Goetz) eLIGO Pcals designed, fabricated, installed, and operated
during S6 (with M. West) – Jul 2009 to Oct 2010 Currently finishing preliminary design (with J. Berliner and I.
Romero)
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aLIGO Transmitter Layout
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H1, L1 Hardware Locations
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Support Pylons
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Transmitter and Receiver Pylons
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Transmitter Receiver
Design: R. DeSalvo, et al.
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H1, L1 Optical Paths
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H1, L1 In-Vacuum Periscopes
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H1, H2 Optical Layouts
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H2 Optical Paths
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AccomplishmentseLIGO Pcal Upgrade
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eLIGO Implementation
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Accomplishments:Actuator Stability, Swept-Sines
Stability of Actuation
AOS: Photon Calibrator 18
Swept-sine Analysis
±1%
LIGO-G1100454-v5
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Accomplishments:eLIGO Timing
Independent timing assessment during eLIGO - DuoTone (with I. Bartos).
Revealed jumps in H1 OMC timing.
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Challenges:Laser Noise
Intensity Noise
AOS: Photon Calibrator 20LIGO-G1100454-v5
Harmonic Noise
Solution: “Optical Follower” Servo
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Challenges:Calibration Accuracy
AOS: Photon Calibrator 21LIGO-G1100454-v5
ISSUE:Gold Standard drifted ~ 4.5% over 3 years
» Working Standard drifted only ~0.5% between NIST calibrations.
MITIGATION:Change to EO Systems photoreceiver (tested on H1 and L1 during eLIGO)Maintain Working Standards at both LHO and LLO.Calibrate Gold Standard at NIST at least once per year ($7k per calibration)
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Challenges: Beam Positioning
ISSUE:Deviation in beam position yields calibration errorElastic deformation of Test Masses by Pcal forces
» >1% error at frequencies above 3.5 kHz for ±1 mm beam position error.
MITIGATION:Accurate and precise beam centering method (TBD)
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Development and Installation Plan
Preliminary design review – May 2011 Final Design – May to Nov. 2011
» Early procurement of first-article laser for long-term testing?
In-vacuum hardware» First article test atH2 Y-end: Aug. 2011
» Install in-vacuum hardware– L1 X-end: Mar. 2012 L1 Y-end: May 2012– H2 X-end: Nov. 2012 H1 Y-end: Jan. 2013– H2 Y-end: Feb. 2013 H1 X-end: Jun. 2013
Install and align transmitter and receiver» L1: Jun. 2013 H1: Jan. 2014 H2: Jun. 2014
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Staffing
Rick Savage – Lead; Scientist (LHO) Jonathan Berliner – Fab, Install, Test, LHO Liaison;
Operator (LHO) Chris Guido – LLO Liaison, Operator (LLO) Paul Schwinberg – Electronics; Scientist (LHO) Ignacio Romero – CAD (CIT) Pablo Daveloza – Finite Element Analysis; Graduate
student (UTB/LHO)
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References
Accurate calibration of test mass displacement in the LIGO interferometers, E. Goetz et al., Class. Quant. Grav., Vol.27, pp. 084024-33, 2009.
Precise calibration of LIGO test mass actuators using photon radiation pressure, E. Goetz et al., Class. Quant. Grav., Vol. 26, pp. 245011-23, 2009.
Calibration of the LIGO displacement actuators via laser frequency modulation, E. Goetz and R. L. Savage, Jr., Class.Quant.Grav., Vol. 27, pp. 215001-10, 2010.
Accurate measurement of the time delay in the response of the LIGO gravitational wave detectors, Y. Aso et al., Class. Quant. Grav., Vol. 26, pp. 055010-22, 2009.
Calibration of the LIGO Gravitational Wave Detectors in the Fifth Science Run, J. Abadie et al., Nucl.Instrum.Meth., Vol. A624, pp. 223-240, 2010.
Optimal calibration accuracy for gravitational-wave detectors, L. Lindblom, Phys. Rev. D 80, 042005, pp. 1-7, 2009.
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Backup slides
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Comparison of Calibration Methods
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Three fundamentally different methods employed to measure the test mass actuation coefficients in meters per DAC count
» Free-Swinging Michelson
» Voltage Controlled Oscillator
» Photon CalibratorMeasured coefficients agreeat the +,- 5-10 % level