22

“THE ONLY CONSTANT

IS CHANGE.”

-Heraclitus

33

The American Community Colleges

Public: 987

Private: 155

Tribal: 31

Total: 1,173

Source: AACC 2010 Fact Sheet

44

The American Community Colleges

Students

11.8 Million Students:6.8 million credit · 5 million non-credit

• 43% of U.S. Undergraduates

• 40% of First-Time Freshmen

• 56% Women, 44% Men

• 60% Part-Time, 40% Full-Time

• Average Age – 28 years

Source: AACC 2010 Fact Sheet

55

72Districts

California Community Colleges

Urban

112Colleges

Suburban

Rural

A Diverse System

2.9 MILLION STUDENTS

66

The San Diego

Community College District

California’s second-largest

community college district.

Serves the City of San Diego

and surrounding region.

5 Member Elected Board of

Trustees.

77

San Diego CCD Leadership Team

Dr. Constance M. Carroll

Chancellor

Board of Trustees

Mary Graham, Rich Grosch, William H. Schwandt,

Dr. Maria Nieto Senour, Peter Zschiesche

Dr. Terrence Burgess

President

City College

Dr. Barbara Kavalier

Acting President

Mesa College

Dr. Patricia Hsieh

President

Miramar College

Dr. Anthony Beebe

President

Continuing Education

88

50,000 Students Enroll in Credit Programs

99

50,000 Students Enroll inContinuing / Adult Education

Educational Cultural Complex Mid-City Campus

• Centre City Campus

• Skills Center

• Cesar Chavez Campus

West City Campus

North City Campus

1010

125,000 Service PersonnelEnroll at Military Base Programs

1111

Changing Times

Funding Increases Limited Resources

Public Support(confidence)

Public Scrutiny

(accountability)

Process Outcomes

Teaching Learning

1960-1980 1980-Present

1212

Leadership in the 21st Century

External

Forces

Internal

Forces

1313

StateComm. Colleges

Regulations

UniversityChanges

Technology

FederalRegulations

DemographicsAccreditationRequirements

StudentNeeds

Business&

Industry

Legislative Term Limits

DistrictBudget

& Policies

StateEconomy

Community

College

Changing External Impacts

1414

CHANGING MISSION

1515

California Community College Mission

• Open Access to Higher Education

• Transfer Education

• Vocational Training

• Adult/Continuing Education

• Basic Skills/Remedial Education

• Support Services

• Economic Development

1616

New Mission Considerations

Baccalaureate Degree

High School Diploma/GED

1717

CHANGING STUDENTS

1818

Gender & Age of

California Community College Students

2008 - 2009

Gender Age

Female

51%

Male

49%

50+

5%40-49

8%

35-39

6%

30-34

10%

25-29

19%

19 or

Younger

17%

20-24

35%

1919

Ethnicity of

California Community College Students

2008 – 2009

Hispanic/Latino

23%

White

37%

African American

8%

Filipino

6%

Asian/Pacific

Islander

12%

American Indian

1%

Unknown

10%

Other

3%

2020

The Nation’s Major Challenge

“America’s Perfect Storm:

Three Forces Changing Our

Nation’s Future”Kirsch, Braun, Yamamoto, Sum

• Disparity in Literacy & Numeracy Skills

• Economic & Employment Changes

• Demographic Changes

2121

CHANGING METHODS

2222

Laboratory

ContractEducation

WorkforceTraining

GlobalEducation

Open-EntryOpen Exit

Online

LearningCommunities

Lecture

Community

College

Changing Instructional Delivery

& Learning Methodologies

2323

Changing Student Support Systems

FROM: TO:

Online Systems

•Registration

•Counseling

•Learning Support

2424

LEADING & MANAGING

THE INSTITUTION

2525

Community Colleges

Three Types of CEOs

Chancellor

Superintendent

President

President(Institutional)

College

College

College

College

2626

Community College Dynamics

Rural Suburban UrbanAdvisory Board? Appointed Board? Elected Board?

Personal

Informal

Hands-On

Intense

Representative

Formal

Resistant to Change

Intense

Small LargeMedium

Single

College

District

Single

College

System

Single or

Multi-College

District

Single

College

University

2727

Models of Governance

Authoritarian

(Judicial)

Town

Hall

Representative

Hybrids

2828

Internal Constituencies

Faculty Academic Vocational Full-Time/Part-Time Gender Ethnicity Age, Longevity Union/Senate Teaching/Non-Teaching Credit/Non-Credit

Students Resident Commuter Full-Time Part-Time Day/Evening Involvement Traditional Re-Entry Gender Ethnicity

Administration Executive Middle Management Gender Ethnicity Age, Longevity History

Support Staff Clerical Technical Trades

Governing Boards Elected Appointed

2929

Budget

80% Personnel

15% Operations

5% Discretionary

• Based on Growth

• Foundations

• Partnerships

• Contract Education

• Entrepreneurship

New Funding

• Reallocation of Resources

• Collaboration

• Out-sourcing

Change Mechanism

3030

Administration

AB 1725 (1988)

“Ten Plus One”

Winton Act

SB160 (1976)

“Rodda Act”

Yeshiva Decision (1980)

U.S. Supreme Court

Collective Bargaining

Governance

Changing Decision-Making Trends

3131

Fiscal control by Legislature & State system

Loss of local Board taxing ability (Prop. 13)

Diminishing revenue & flexibility

Increasing categorical accountability mandates

New Governance requirements AB 1725

Yeshiva Decision (1980)

Impact on employees of chronic underfunding

Challenges for Bargaining

3232

CHANGES & CHALLENGES

AHEAD

3333

72Districts

California Community Colleges

Budget Process

State Budget - Proposition 98

Governor - Legislature

State Board of Governors & System

Local Boards of Trustees & Districts

Federal &

Special Funds

• Allocations

112Colleges

3434

California’s Challenge

JAWS: THE BUDGET

Major Problems

Unstable Revenue

2/3 Vote

Term Limits

3535

Changing Philosophy of

Student Enrollment Fees

Time Frame Per Unit Fees

Prior to Fall 1984

Fall 1984 – Spring 1991

Fall 1991 – Fall 1993

Spring 1993

Fall 1993 – Fall 1995

Spring 1996 – Fall 1998

Spring 1999 – Fall 1999

$0

$5, capped at $50 per semester

$6, capped at $60 per semester

$10, cap eliminatedDifferential fee of $50/unit for

holders of BA/BS degrees

$13

$13 Differential fee eliminated

$12

Differential fee of $50/unit for

holders of BA/BS degrees

Spring 2000 – Spring 2003 $11

Fall 2003 – Spring 2004 $18

Fall 2004 – Fall 2006 $26

Spring 2007– Spring 2010 $20

Fall 2010 – present $26

3636

Cultivating a Culture of Change Within the Institution Open to Ideas/Innovation Safe for Failure Rewarding/Recognizing Success Support (Money, Time, Connections, etc.)

Encouraging Team Approach

Promoting Collaboration Interdepartmental Grants Other Institutions Industry

Relating Change to Vision, Planning, Goals

Institutionalizing Positive Outcomes

Telling the Story

Elements of Successful Change

3737

GOOD LUCK!