ETHOS 2014 Presentation: Highlights of TLUD Stove Development Worldwide in 2013 to January 2014
“Ring of Fire” TLUD - ETHOSethoscon.com/pdf/ETHOS/ETHOS2017/BakerandTaylor1.pdf · There is...
Transcript of “Ring of Fire” TLUD - ETHOSethoscon.com/pdf/ETHOS/ETHOS2017/BakerandTaylor1.pdf · There is...
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“RingofFire”TLUDNormanBakerandPaulTaylor
Jan,2017
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“RingofFire”TLUDMadScientistsatWork!!!
Actuallyjusthavingalotoffun!!!
Apologies toKelpieWilson andScottMcKain – TheyhadalreadycreatedaRingofFireFlameCapKiln.http://www.backyardbiochar.net/
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SidebySideComparisonsforImprovements
JollyRogerTLUDVersions6,7and8.
Noticeincrementalimprovements.
Primarygoalhereistocreatequalitybiocharforsoilincorporation.Notacookingdevice.
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ConstructionHeavydutybarrelswithbottomremovedforfeedstockbarrel.
Savethelidforuselater.
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PrimaryAirFeed– firstpart.Cappedonleftend.Airholesinbothsides.Primaryairfeedholesand,
ontheright,airtightrubberstoppers.Weldintoplaceinbarrel
mustbeairtight!
Weldedcap
Rowofholesoneachside
Primaryairholes
Mirror toseeholes
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PrimaryAirFeedGrate– secondpart.Topismarkedwithagrid,1/2”holesdrilledon2“centers.Bottomhasfourfeettoholditabovetheprimaryairfeedtube.
Handle– 3/8”bolt 4“Support legs
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PrimaryAirTubeCapandGasket
AirtightGasket- simplyashortlengthofwoodstovedoorgasketmaterial
PrimaryAirIntakeHolesw/RubberStopperstoRegulateAmountofPrimaryAir
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Buildingtheturbulator
Turbulatormadefromanother55gallonbarrellid,33cmcircledrawnincenter,16finscutandtwistedto45degrees.
Tworingsofsteel10cmhigharetackweldedtothetopandbottomoftheturbulator - coincidentwiththe33cmcircleorBluffBodyinthecenter.
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Combuster – gapand slotsforsecondaryair.Thisdesignforcesallpyrogases togothroughflameforcompletecombustion.
3mmGap
Firstrowof16slots
Secondrowof16slots
DiagonalslotsHandle
Turbulator
SuspensionBar- rebar
Bluffbodyandtwocollars(aboveandbelow)directpyrogases toouter
perimeterofTLUD.
FeedstockBarrel
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GapforsecondaryairbetweentheCombuster andFeedstockbarrel.
Combuster
FeedstockBarrel
Largebolttovarywidthofgapforsecondaryairmeasurements.3– 4mmisaboutrightforthe55gallonTLUD.
NoSyn-Oilorpyrogases aregoingtoescapethefeedstockbarrelwithoutgoingthroughflamesandO2andturbulence.
Combustioniscleanandhopefullycomplete!
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MakingBiochar
FeedstockBarrelfullofwetwoodchips.Ifwetwoodchipsarepyrolyzed theresultis;
a.enormousamountsofsmoke
b.atmosphericpollutants
c.depressedtemperatureintheTLUDleadingtomorepollution.
Donotattempttomakebiocharwithwetwood!
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Dryingthewetwoodchips.Feedstockbarrelfilledwithwetwoodchips.
Onprimaryairtube,addasheetmetalplenumanda1kWcarpetdryer.
Sheetmetalplenum OnekWCarpetDryer
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Shroudedfantodrawairupthruwoodchips.Plugthefanandcarpetdryerintoanelectricaltimer.
ShroudedFan SpringwoundTimertoturnoffthefananddryer
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Waterheaterblanket– R10(withalittlequilting frommywife,Peggy).
Heatandforcedairfromthecarpetdryerandsuctionfromtheshroudedfanwilldrythewoodchipsinafewhours.
Putthefanandcarpetdryeronatimertoturnoffautomatically.
At16cents/Kw,itcostslessthanadollarortwotodrythefeedstock.
10%MCisacceptablebutevendriermeansaquickerburnandwithlesspollutants.
Wecangofrom45%MoistureContentto10%infivehoursandto1-2%in8hours(at60F.).
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Afterthechipsaredry;a.removetheblanket,b.removethefan,c.removethecarpetdryer,d.removetheplenum.
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Lightthefire,removestoppersandreplaceairtightcap.
Primaryairregulatorhasnowbeenredesignedtobemuchsimplerandmoreintuitive.
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Startofpyrolysis- ClickforVideo.
Nosparksandnosmoke!
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LaminarFlamesatsecondaryairgapbetweenthefeedstockbarrelandcombuster.
Nopyrogas canexitthefeedstockbarrelwithoutgoingthroughflames,anoxygensupplyandconsiderableturbulence!
(ClickforVideo).
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Aspyrolysisnearscompletion,youwillseetheflamesdiedownandsuddenlygoout.
Usedouble layerofwetcarpetingtocoolthedrumandbiochar.Doublelayerofsoakedcarpetingworksbest.
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Whenpyrolysisiscomplete,putonalidwithclamps.Letitcoolandwalkaway!
But!Ifthereisa1/8”airleaksomeplace,thebiocharwillcombustandthecarpetistoastandthebiocharbecomesash!
WoodstovedoorGasket
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ThisisaRingofFireTLUD!
Runningalittlehot!!!
RegulatethePrimaryAirflowbyaddingorremovingRubberstoppers
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Andyoucancookonit!!!
Lidand24”Stackcontainflamessomewhat.Heatshieldincreasesthesecondaryairtemperatureabout200degreesCentigraderesultingincleanercombustion.
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ThisRingOfFireTLUD accomplishesseveralthings.
First,itcreatesaqualityhightemperaturebiocharforsoilincorporation.
Second,constructionisstraightforwardandrelativelyinexpensive- lessthan$250forbasicnewmaterials.Ifyoubuyatmyfavoriteindustrialsuppliers(RecycleShops),itischeaper.Anygooddo-it-yourselfhomeownerworkshopismorethanadequateforconstructionespeciallyifyoucandosomewire-feedwelding.
Third,ithasagoodyieldofcloseto30%- - morethanaJollyRogerTLUD.ThereislessalsoashwithalowerpH.
Fourth,thefeedstockbarrelisusedtobothdryandpyrolyzethewoodchipsmakingtheTLUDmoreergonomicandmuchmorelaborefficient.
Fifth,operationoftheRingofFireTLUDisconsiderablysaferthantryingtomanhandleaheavy350degreeCentigrade55gallondrumdumpingandquenchinghotbiochar.
Reallyimportant!JollyRogerTLUDsneedtobedumpedandthebiocharneedstobequenched.
Sixth,thisisnota20%primaryairJollyRogerTLUD.Actualmeasurementsandcalculationsoftheamountofprimaryairshowitaccomplishesacleanefficientburnwith6- 11%primaryair- whichmustberegulated.
Seventh,thereisvirtuallynosmokeandnosparks(fireflies)leavingtheTLUD.
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Eigth,intheworldofopencombustion,TLUD’sburnverycleanlythroughintermediatepyrolysis.Inthescientificliterature,TLUD’saredefinedstrictlyas“packedbedcombustors”.TheTLUDisfilledwithchipsandcombustedinplace.
However,inactualfunction,accordingto(Basu,P.(2006).Combustionandgasificationinfluidizedbeds.CRC),TLUD’smorecloselyresemblefluidizedbedcombustorswhereairandatmosphericnitrogenisthe“fluid”,usedtocarrytheoxygentopyrolyzethewoodchips.
Fluidizedbedcombustorshaveauniquecharacteristicinthattheycanbecomeextremelyhot.Wehavemeasuredtemperaturesashighas870°Cinthecombuster!
Metalinthecombuster startstosoften. Tempsdonotneedtobethishigh!Regulatetheprimaryairupanddowncarefullysotheflamesdonotreachoverthetop!
TLUD’sapparentlyareclosetoasimplefluidizedbedcombustor.
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RingofFire– Makingbiocharandrunningproperly.
(Clicktoshowvideo).
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Carbon Monoxide and Particulate Matter Emissions From Cookstoves(Measured by the Standard 5-liter Water Boiling Test.)
Amended from Paul Anderson, PhD “DrTLUD”. 2012. The Future of Micro-gasifier Stoves: Meeting the Goals of the Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves
EPArecommendedsafelevels
TLUDs saving biochar haveextremely low emissions.
TLUD burning biocharr
TLUD saving biochar
Charcoal Stoves(Weber Grill)
Charcoal stoves emit 110-135g of COand 250-590mg of PM
CarbonMonoxide
ParticulateMatter
Threestone fire(CampFire)
SimpleImprovedCookstoves
EPA
RocketStoves
Kon-Tiki
Kon-Tikii
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AlmostallformsofDemocratizedBiocharkilnshavesmokeproblems.Especiallyifthewoodiswet!Democratizedmeanscheap,easyandD-I-Y.
PitCharcoalMaker
WigwamCharcoalMaker JollyRogerTLUD Estufa Finca TLUDJapaneseConeKiln
AmmoCaninWoodstove
CharcoalMakerforForge ConservationBurn CarbonCultureTentAdamRetort
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Carbon Monoxide and Particulate Matter Emissions From Cookstoves(Measured by the Standard 5-liter Water Boiling Test.)
Amended from Paul Anderson, PhD “DrTLUD”. 2012. The Future of Micro-gasifier Stoves: Meeting the Goals of the Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves
EPArecommendedsafelevels
TLUDs saving biochar haveextremely low emissions.
TLUD burning biochar
TLUD saving biochar
Stoves(Weber Grill)
Charcoal stoves emit 110-135g of COand 250-590mg of PM
CO
ParticulateMatter
Threestone fire(CampFire)
SimpleImprovedCookstoves
EPA
RocketStoves
Kon-Tiki
Kon-Tiki
110120130140 Woodfiresmoke- COandParticulates
9500ppm
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WindowintoPyrolysis– actuallyit’saPyrexBakingDishObservations– fascinatingtowatch;
a. Pyrolysisfrontdoesnotprogressuniformly.
b. Iffeedstockis notreasonablyuniforminparticlesize,verylarge“channeling”willdevelop.Shakethefeedstockbarreltogetthefeedstocktosettledensely.
c. Smallparticlespyrolyzefirstandfalldownbetweenthelargerparticlescreatingmanysmallchannels– almosta“dendritic”pyrolysisfrontmuchlikegrassrootspenetratingsoil.
d. Movementofthepyrogaseswasneveruniform.Expectedreasonablyuniformupwardmigration.Pyrogasesmovedanynumberofdifferentdirections.
e. Tarsquicklyoccludethewindow.FollowedbyH2Odropsanddrippingtar.
f. Eventuallythepyrolysismovesdownpastthewindow.Frontabout10cmdeep.Dendriticfingerswereabout20cmdeep.Veryconsistent.
8”X11”PyrexBakingDish
TemperedGlasswindow
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SummaryofToxicChemicalAgentsIdentifiedinWoodsmoke
LukeP.Naeher,etal.2005.CRITICALREVIEWOFTHEHEALTHEFFECTSOFWOODSMOKE.http://burningissues.org/car-www/pdfs/HC%20woodsmoke%20report11B426.pdf
Total242++++++++++ Only26ofwhichlistedashazardousbytheEPA.