“Peatland Monitoring” for Peatland Restoration · 2018. 4. 3. · • Central Kalimantan,...
Transcript of “Peatland Monitoring” for Peatland Restoration · 2018. 4. 3. · • Central Kalimantan,...
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“Peatland Monitoring” for Peatland Restoration
Prof. Mitsuru Osaki:Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido UniversityPresident of Japanese Peatland Society
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Collaborated among Hokkaido University-JICA- Indonesia Institutions
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• Central Kalimantan, Indonesia• Peatland area in Mega Rice Project site
Various Study Topics:・GHG Flux (CO2, CH4, N2O) measuring・Fire Detection and Protection・Water Table Monitoring and Management・Peatland Ecology・Soluble Carbon Monitoring・Peatland Subsidence Monitoring
UDF
DFBC
Main Project Sites・JSPS Core University Program (1997-2006): Environmental Conservation and Land Use Management of Wetland Ecosystem in Southeast Asia・JST-JICA Project (SATREPS) (2008-2014): Wild Fire and Carbon Management in Peat-Forest in Indonesia・JICA Project as follow-up of SATREPS (2015-2016): Formulation of a Manual and Trial Calculation of GHG Emission from Peatland in Central Kalimantan
CO2 observation towers at
UDF:(Un-drained Peat)
DF:(Drained Peat )
BC:(Burnet Peat)
Mega Rice Project of Peatland in Central Kalimantan, Indoneshia
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©18/01/ 2016
Tropical Peatland Ecosystems
Editors: Osaki, Mitsuru, Tsuji, Nobuyuki (Eds.)
Parts: 9Chapters: 41Pages: 651Authors: 160
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G id b k f C b E i i f T i l P tl d i I d i | 1
GUIDEBOOK FOR ESTIM ATIN G CARBO N EM ISSIO N S FRO M
TROPICAL PEATLAN DS IN IN DON ESIA
Pedoman Pendugaan Emisi Karbon dari Gambut Tropis di Indonesia |
1
PAN DUAN PEN DUGAAN EM ISI KARBO N DARI LAHAN
GAM BUT TROPIS D I IN DON ESIA
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Data Collection
Peatland Maps Field MeasurementsRemote Sensing Data Set
Data Analysis
Relationship between annual lowest GWL and carbon emissions from peat burning
Carbon Emission Model from Peat Decomposition
Carbon Emission Model from Peat Burning
Annual Carbon Emissions from Peat Burning
Annual CO2 Emissions from Peat Decomposition
Groundwater Level (GWL) Burnt AreaLand Cover
Relationships between CO2 balance (NEE) and annual lowest GWL
Manual of Tropical Peatland Management
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InformaticsSystem
600km
300km
300m
Atmosphere (Weather)
Big satellite(HISUI, PALSA,
GOSAT)
SESAME
SESAME with sensor network
ZigBee
Sensors
Micro satellite(Hyper-spectral)
Drone(Hyper-spectral)
Monitoring
Data libraryMega data analysis
Sensing
Bio-sphere
Geo-sphere Aqua-sphere
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Key Concept on Future Collaboration
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-Decline of CDEFs security-Low goal marks of Paris Agreement @ COP21 & SDGs-Decline of Sustainable National Economy
Dry-peatlandIn case of Oil Palm
Natural Peatland as Natural Capital-High Carbon Reservoir-High Water Reservoir
-High Biomass Productivity-High (Bio)diversity
-Enhancement of CDEFs security-High goal marks of Paris Agreement @ COP21 & SDGs-Enhancement of Sustainable National Economy
Wet-peatlandIn case of Sago Palm
Drain/Low water table (Re-)Wetting/High water table
-Climate Change security: Mitigation as Carbon Emission Reduction & Adaptation as High Biomass Production (enough water) against El Niño-(bio)Diversity security: High biodiversity by mix-planting and nature-conservation around peat dome-Energy security: Biomass energy from sago starch and residuals, and other biomass materials in Sago based Ecosystem-Food/Feed security: Sago starch for food and feed (animal husbandry and fish culture)-social security: PES and CSR&CSV by several Credit (REDD+, JCM) and Foundation (GCF, CIFOR-Japan, FAO, so on)
National Strategy for CDEFs Securities asSago based Ecosystem
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Sago based- Peatland Restoration@
SEI TOHOR VILLAGE, MERANTI DISTRICT, RIAU PROVINCE
Ideal Sago Production
1) Semi-natural Conditions*High Water Table*Mixed Forest *Production of 100 sago stand/ha/year
2) High Starch Production300kg starch/ sago stand, then 30ton starch /ha/year (more than 10 time of rice)
3) High Biomass Productivity1 ton biomass/one sago stand, then 100 ton biomass/ ha/year
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Sago based- Peatland Restoration@
SEI TOHOR VILLAGE, MERANTI DISTRICT, RIAU PROVINCE
Sago Characteristics1) Submerge Tolerance2) N2 Fixing 3) Low P4) Na Tolerance (saline tolerance)5) Acid Soil Tolerance6) Perennial Crop
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Sago Palm
Pith LeafBark
Fuel Roof Material
Starch
Food Ethanol
Methanol/H2
Fuel cell
Heat*
House
Electricity*
Branch + Leaf
Factory
Field
Biochar + Compost
Electricity
*Co-generationCar & Pumping
Biochar
Pure waterWaste
Feed(animal &
fish)
Biomaterial
Whole Usage of Biomass in “Sago based Ecosystem”
Nypa Palm & Mixed Forest
Biomass
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Satoyama Model on Sago based‐ Peatland Restoration
1
5 42
37 6
Farmer’s
House
“Ladang”
Agro-
forestry and
Animal
Husbandry
Non-timber
products and
Fiber crops
Timber
products
Fish-
ponds
Preserved
peat
swamp
forestsVegetables & Fruits
Animal husbandry
Fish culture
Vegetable resources
Housing
Fruits garden
Sago Feed Biochar Composts
Sago
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*Fossil Fuel: Oil, Coal, Gasses*High Carbon Resorvoirs Ecosystem:Peatland/Wetland, Coastal Ecosystem(Mangrove), Permafrost
Harvested Sun
CreditREDD+
JCM
EthicsCSR (Corporate Social Responsibility)to CSV(Creating Shared Value: Social and Economic Values)
*Wind/water/solar power*Biomass
Harvesting Sun
Food/Feed
Energy Materials
Biomass in wet-PeatlandSago PalmNipa Palm
Trees
Mitigation to Climate Change
Adaptation to Climate Change
International AgreementCOP21 by 2020SDGs by 2030
InvestmentESG: Environment, Social, GovernanceSRI:Socially Responsible Investment
Restriction
Promotion
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Action Plan on “Tropical Peatland Restoration”
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1: Rewetting2: Peat fire prevention 3: Reforestation 4: Comprehensive MRV
Rewetting Reforestation Peat fire prevention Measurement, Reporting and Verification
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SESAME is a semi real-time data transfer system which uses mobile phone network.
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Field settings of a SESAME monitoring station
Inside temp.Solar panel
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By Wataru Takeuchi, University of Tokyo, Japan
Tuning
ModelingAlgorism
Satellite Sensing
Coefficiency between WaterTable Level and1) CO2 emission by Oxidation2) CO2 emission by Fire Factors
Input
Water Table Mapping
Output
Mapping of1) CO2 emission by Oxidation2) CO2 emission by Fire Factors
Water Table Monitoring & Mapping
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