Anyone recognize this country?. Borders Borders form for any number of reasons. Most often, borders...
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Transcript of Anyone recognize this country?. Borders Borders form for any number of reasons. Most often, borders...
Anyone recognize this country?
Borders
• Borders form for any number of reasons. Most often, borders were originally inspired by rivers, lakes, seas, oceans, mountains, or some other landform.
• Borders might also have been influenced by latitude or longitude lines. Most of the time this comes as a result of an agreement between two different sovereign governments.
• Still other times, a border might have been influenced by conflict. This type of border change is usually the most dramatic and occurs most quickly.
• There are many examples of two governments that are in conflict over borders, even today.
This can also seem complicated, but you can use your head most of the time. What does it look like caused the border?
Let’s start in Texas. What is up with the wiggly lines on
the northern border?
River
River
River
Riv
er
River
River
Riv
er
Latitude line
Latitude
Latitude
Latitude
Latitude
Lo
ng
itu
de
Lo
ng
itu
de
River
What is up with the border between Canada and the US
here. Why does it curve?
River
Border influenced by a mountain
Eric Gaba. Creative Commons 3.0, Date Unknown.
Border influenced by
a desert
Border influenced by
a sea
Border influenced by
a lake
The Pyrenees Mountains form a
natural border between
Spain and France.
The Dead Sea - Standing in Israel, looking across to Jordan
David Shankbone. Creative Commons 3.0, Date Unknown
Michigan and the Great Lakes
Public Domain
China and Mongolia are separated by the Gobi Desert. Public Domain
• Recognizing borders by specific characteristics is a good strategy. For instance, you have already seen how Italy looks like a boot.
• However, you must know some basic features of every continent as well as several major countries.
• One good thing is that borders will always face the same direction and be the right size. It’s not like a puzzle.
Can you put this puzzle together?
Let’s first make sure they are
facing the right direction.
How about now? Any ideas?
Remember this map from 8th US History?
This became Part of the
U.S. in 1783 with the Treaty of
Paris
From the Adams-Onís Treaty in 1819
Louisiana Purchase in 1803 from
FranceMexican
Cession - 1848
Annexation of Texas -
1845Gasden
Purchase-1853
Oregon Country 1846, by treaty with Great Britain
Ok, but do you remember how to label it?
Borders Change Through . . .
• The borders of some countries have expanded over time for various reasons. Let’s use the United States as an example:
13 Colonies – Revolution and Conquest Appalachian Mountains to the Mississippi River – Treaty Louisiana Territory - Purchase Florida - Purchase and Treaty. Oregon Territory - Treaty. Texas – Annexation and Conquest Mexican Cession – Conquest Treaty and Purchase. Gadsden Territory - Purchase
• The United States is unique in that it has pretty much only expanded over time.
Borders Change Through . . .
• The borders of many countries have increased and decreased over time. Most of the time this type of change is due to some sort of conquest or conflict. Revolution is a common reason for a country to split its land.
• World maps change often. Some changes are drastic and others are very slight, but maps from even a few years ago have different borders and some different names.
• Let’s use Mexico as an example:
Aztec Territory
Before Europeans Came
New Spain
1786 - 1821
Independent Mexico
1824
Mexico Today
Current
Borders Change Through . . .
• The borders of many countries have changed over time because there are no natural barriers or strong agreements to hold the borders steady.
• Countries with this problem often struggle to . . . “hold their shape” on a map. The seem to shrink over time.
• This is been a problem in Eastern Europe throughout history. The maps in that area of the world have changed often.
Territorial changes of Poland from 1635 to 2009
As you watch this, notice that
the whole country disappears at
times.
So, what happens to the people and the
culture? Do they disappear too?
So if the culture is still there, what
has really changed?
What types of cultural problems can occur when the borders of a country are changed by force? Do these problems usually get
better or worse over time?
Borders Change Through . . .
• Though we do not see this much any more, many of the most powerful countries throughout history attempted to add territory through colonization and conquest.
• Countries and empires such as Rome, the Mongols, Greece, France, and England attempted to gain territory by conquering or colonizing places where people already lived. As you can imagine, this often led to conflict.
• You will learn more details about these civilizations next year, but for now let’s look at the geographic impact only.
Listen closely to your teacher’s explanation of this map. Then see if you can explain this famous historical quote:
“The sun never sets on the British Empire.”
• The term that is often used when a country attempts to settle colonies in other places around the world is “imperialism” or “expansionism”. You will learn much more about this next year.
• African culture was impacted severely by the practice of imperialism.
• Even today different tribal groups fight for control of borders which were drawn by Europeans.
SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA
Why might that be a problem?
Think about these borders.
Did the Africans draw these?
Quick Review: Tell me about the culture up
here!
They won all of Canada too!
This is still British
• As the world powers of the past pursued colonization, many of them ran into problems. In some cases, they ran into other countries that wanted the land. In other instances, they might have lost it due to a revolution.
• France lost all their North American land to the British after the French and Indian War.
• Then only 13 years later British colonists declared their independence. In 1783 they gave a bunch of that land they won from the French to those same colonists.
Par
t of
“N
ew
Fran
ce”
the
Fren
ch c
olon
y13
Col
onie
s of
th
e B
riti
sh
British Win!
USA after the American
Revolution
EXPANDING BY FORCE
• Throughout history, many different countries and their leaders have sought to expand their territory. In some cases, they chose to do it by force or conflict.
• Hitler (Germany), Napoleon (France), Roman Empire (Italy), Genghis Khan (Mongolia), the Empire of Japan, Persians (Iran), Alexander the Great (Greece) all were able to expand the borders of their countries or civilizations for a time.
• However, when attempting to expand borders by force, there is usually a force that pushes back. In some cases these civilizations might be defeated (Hitler, Napoleon). In some cases they might have gotten too large and uncontrollable (Persia, Romans). Still in other cases, the leader dies, and there is no strong leader to replace them (Alexander, Genghis Khan ).
• In any case, civilizations often return to the same size, or even a little smaller when all is said and done.
Greece Today
Even though the borders of Greece eventually returned, Alexander the Great’s conquest had an impact on the areas he conquered.
Think about what you have learned about culture and spatial diffusion. What impact do you think that would be?
Tataryn77. Creative Commons 3.0, October 2011.
The Romans eventually drifted out of power as their government weakened. Why would they have weakened? Think about the
time period, communications, etc.
Italy Today
Kieran4. Creative Commons 3.0, February 2009.
All of the blue states on this map were either part of France, controlled by France or promised to fight with France under the rule of Napoleon.
Napoleon’s attempts to control Europe actually led to a big change in the border of a country across the world. Do you know what it was? (Hint: It happened in 1803)
Borders Change Through . . .
• In many locations around the world today, countries, cities, and individual people dispute borders. Usually their court systems can work it out. However, when two countries disagree, this can be a problem. Court systems really cannot help much.
• Sometimes these borders have been somewhat settled, but in other cases, the sides still dispute the borders.
• Let’s use Israel and Palestine as an example: Turn to page 244 in the Mastering the TEKS in World Geography Textbook.
• India and Pakistan have long been in conflict over the region known as Kashmir. Most of the area is controlled by India today.
• Terrorism is a major problem in this region as many groups attempt to force India out of this profitable area.
• This dispute between nuclear powers is one of the longest running border disputes in the world.
Border Dispute: Pakistan vs. India
Map Believed to be Public Domain
What do you think would cause these borders to change
in the future?
Kokiri, Creative Commons 3.0, June 2006.
Roke
Technically, North Korea and South Korea are still at war. though the fighting officially
ended with a truce in 1953 and they created a “demilitarized zone” between the borders.
Roke Creative Commons 3.0, June 2006.
Do you think this was a good idea or
bad idea?
North Korea maintains a communist, government-
controlled economy. South Korea has a mostly free
enterprise system. Which do you think is stronger
and why?
So let’s review the physical and human processes that lead to boundaries and other political divisions. Make sure you
understand these and you can give an example. If you don’t get it you better ask now. It is a must!!!
Physical Processes Human Processes
Lack of Natural Borders
Rivers
Deserts
Oceans
Seas
Mountains
Etc.
War
Colonization
Conflict
Treaty
Conquest
Expansion
Disputes over Borders
Can you think of a way of setting borders that kind of applies to both? (Hint: It was set up by humans, but it is a real physical thing)