Anvendt Spektroskopi Applied Spectroscopy KJM3000 Vår 2015 Curriculum : ”Introduction to...

Anvendt Spektroskopi Applied Spectroscopy KJM3000 Varingr 2015

Curriculum rdquoIntroduction to Spectroscopyrdquo byPavia Lampman Kriz

Practical information

Teacher

Tore Bonge-Hansen rom Oslash303 torehanskjemiuiono

Lectures and problems Avogadro WedFri 1215 og 1015

Communication e-mail og homepage

80 of the problemsets must be approvedpassed in order to take the exam No grade on the problemsets

Goal The student should be able to use spectroscopic methods to determine the constitution of organic molecules

Plan ca 25 hours of lectures and ca 40 hours problem solvingLess focus on theory more on solving problems Last problem Fri 155 Exam beginning of june 4h written exam letter grade

Four spectrocopic methods UVVIS IR NMR og MS These methods give complementary info and together they are a a very powerful tool for identification and structure elucidationof small amounts (mg) of unknown compounds

Progress plan KJM3000 - Spring 2015 week Wed Fri 4 Gen NMR1NMR25 NMR3NMR4 NMR5NMR66 NMR7NMR8 NMR9NMR107 NMR11NMR12 K18 K2 K39 K4 MS1MS210 MS3MS4 K511 K6 K712 K8 UV1UV213 K9 IR1IR214 Easter Easter15 IR3IR4 K1016 K11 K1217 K13 K1418 K15 K1619 K17 K1820 K19 K20 Last colloquium K20 Friday 15th of MayExam Beginning of June 4 hours written

General

Spectroscopy The study of interaction between electro-magnetic radiation and matter (molecules)

Electromagnetic radiation

Electromagnetic radiation can be described as

a wave motion

= wavelength = frequency c = speed og light

a particle motion

E = energy = frequency h = Planckrsquos constant

bull = c

E = h bull

Frequency and wavelength will be inversely proportional to each other since c = constant

If the frequency of the electromagnetic radiation is the same as a frequency within a molecule (vibration) the molecule can absorb energy The lsquolightrsquo and the moleculersquos motion are in resonans

reorganization

= c

A molecular motion can be the vibration of a chemical bond

H Cl

= 9 1013 s-1

This frequency and wavelength corresponds to electromagnetic radiation in the IR-area

Interaction between light and matter in a more general way

A molecule has many stationary energy levels (E) For every energi level there is a wave funvtion (Ψ)

E2 _____________ Ψ2

E1

_____________ Ψ1

ΔE = E1 ndash E2 = hν

If we shine light on a molecule with a frequency corresponding to ΔE the molecule can absorb energy and move to a higher energy level

Emission spectroscopy

The molecule moves from a higher energy level (E2) to a lower

energy level (E1) by emitting a quantum of light

Absorption spectroscopy

The amount of light absorbed as a function of wavelength A quantum of light is absorbed and the molecule moves from a lower energy level (E1) to a higher energy level (E2)

E2 _____________ Ψ2

E1

_____________ Ψ1


A general spectroscopic experiment

Light source Often poly chromaticUVVis Light bulbs (Hg Na)IR Heater (Nernst filament) gt 1000 deg CNMR radio transmitter

Detectors

UVVIS diode array (photon counter)

IR heat sensitive electronic componen (semi conductor)

NMR radio receiver

The detected energy is converted to voltage and transferred to a computer

A spectrum is recorded by measuring absorbance whilechanging the wavelength of light (scanning)

Four methods

UV 200 ndash 380 nm Used primarily to detect conjugated systems Excitation of electrons inconjugated systems give absorbance in this area

IR 4000 ndash 400 cm-1 Used to detect and identify vibrations related to different functional groups

NMR Atomic nuclei absorbing radiowaves when placed in a strong magnetic field

MS Measures masscharge ratios of organic ions

200 MHz NMR-instrument

1H-NMR spectrum

UV og IR instruments

UV og IR spectrum

MS-instrument in series with GC

MS-spectrum



PowerPoint Presentation

Slide 4

General


Slide 7

Slide 8


Slide 10

Slide 11

Slide 12

Four methods

Slide 14

Slide 15

Slide 16

Slide 17

Slide 18

Slide 19


Teacher

Tore Bonge-Hansen rom Oslash303 torehanskjemiuiono

Lectures and problems Avogadro WedFri 1215 og 1015

Communication e-mail og homepage

80 of the problemsets must be approvedpassed in order to take the exam No grade on the problemsets





General




a wave motion


a particle motion


bull = c

E = h bull



reorganization

= c


H Cl

= 9 1013 s-1




E2 _____________ Ψ2

E1

_____________ Ψ1








E2 _____________ Ψ2

E1

_____________ Ψ1




Detectors



NMR radio receiver



Four methods






1H-NMR spectrum


UV og IR spectrum


MS-spectrum




Slide 4

General


Slide 7

Slide 8


Slide 10

Slide 11

Slide 12

Four methods

Slide 14

Slide 15

Slide 16

Slide 17

Slide 18

Slide 19





General




a wave motion


a particle motion


bull = c

E = h bull



reorganization

= c


H Cl

= 9 1013 s-1




E2 _____________ Ψ2

E1

_____________ Ψ1








E2 _____________ Ψ2

E1

_____________ Ψ1




Detectors



NMR radio receiver



Four methods






1H-NMR spectrum


UV og IR spectrum


MS-spectrum




Slide 4

General


Slide 7

Slide 8


Slide 10

Slide 11

Slide 12

Four methods

Slide 14

Slide 15

Slide 16

Slide 17

Slide 18

Slide 19



a wave motion


a particle motion


bull = c

E = h bull



reorganization

= c


H Cl

= 9 1013 s-1




E2 _____________ Ψ2

E1

_____________ Ψ1








E2 _____________ Ψ2

E1

_____________ Ψ1




Detectors



NMR radio receiver



Four methods






1H-NMR spectrum


UV og IR spectrum


MS-spectrum




Slide 4

General


Slide 7

Slide 8


Slide 10

Slide 11

Slide 12

Four methods

Slide 14

Slide 15

Slide 16

Slide 17

Slide 18

Slide 19



reorganization

= c


H Cl

= 9 1013 s-1




E2 _____________ Ψ2

E1

_____________ Ψ1








E2 _____________ Ψ2

E1

_____________ Ψ1




Detectors



NMR radio receiver



Four methods






1H-NMR spectrum


UV og IR spectrum


MS-spectrum




Slide 4

General


Slide 7

Slide 8


Slide 10

Slide 11

Slide 12

Four methods

Slide 14

Slide 15

Slide 16

Slide 17

Slide 18

Slide 19


H Cl

= 9 1013 s-1




E2 _____________ Ψ2

E1

_____________ Ψ1








E2 _____________ Ψ2

E1

_____________ Ψ1




Detectors



NMR radio receiver



Four methods






1H-NMR spectrum


UV og IR spectrum


MS-spectrum




Slide 4

General


Slide 7

Slide 8


Slide 10

Slide 11

Slide 12

Four methods

Slide 14

Slide 15

Slide 16

Slide 17

Slide 18

Slide 19



E2 _____________ Ψ2

E1

_____________ Ψ1








E2 _____________ Ψ2

E1

_____________ Ψ1




Detectors



NMR radio receiver



Four methods






1H-NMR spectrum


UV og IR spectrum


MS-spectrum




Slide 4

General


Slide 7

Slide 8


Slide 10

Slide 11

Slide 12

Four methods

Slide 14

Slide 15

Slide 16

Slide 17

Slide 18

Slide 19






E2 _____________ Ψ2

E1

_____________ Ψ1




Detectors



NMR radio receiver



Four methods






1H-NMR spectrum


UV og IR spectrum


MS-spectrum




Slide 4

General


Slide 7

Slide 8


Slide 10

Slide 11

Slide 12

Four methods

Slide 14

Slide 15

Slide 16

Slide 17

Slide 18

Slide 19



Detectors



NMR radio receiver



Four methods






1H-NMR spectrum


UV og IR spectrum


MS-spectrum




Slide 4

General


Slide 7

Slide 8


Slide 10

Slide 11

Slide 12

Four methods

Slide 14

Slide 15

Slide 16

Slide 17

Slide 18

Slide 19

Four methods






1H-NMR spectrum


UV og IR spectrum


MS-spectrum




Slide 4

General


Slide 7

Slide 8


Slide 10

Slide 11

Slide 12

Four methods

Slide 14

Slide 15

Slide 16

Slide 17

Slide 18

Slide 19


1H-NMR spectrum


UV og IR spectrum


MS-spectrum




Slide 4

General


Slide 7

Slide 8


Slide 10

Slide 11

Slide 12

Four methods

Slide 14

Slide 15

Slide 16

Slide 17

Slide 18

Slide 19


UV og IR spectrum


MS-spectrum




Slide 4

General


Slide 7

Slide 8


Slide 10

Slide 11

Slide 12

Four methods

Slide 14

Slide 15

Slide 16

Slide 17

Slide 18

Slide 19


MS-spectrum




Slide 4

General


Slide 7

Slide 8


Slide 10

Slide 11

Slide 12

Four methods

Slide 14

Slide 15

Slide 16

Slide 17

Slide 18

Slide 19

Anvendt Spektroskopi Applied Spectroscopy KJM3000 Vår 2015 Curriculum : ”Introduction to...

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Transcript of Anvendt Spektroskopi Applied Spectroscopy KJM3000 Vår 2015 Curriculum : ”Introduction to...