ANTIETAM THE BLOODIEST DAY IN MARYLAND 1861 Union & Confederate Military Strategy.
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Transcript of ANTIETAM THE BLOODIEST DAY IN MARYLAND 1861 Union & Confederate Military Strategy.
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ANTIETAMTHE BLOODIEST
DAY IN MARYLAND 1861
Union & ConfederateMilitary Strategy
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Map of US 1860-1863
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Resources North v. South
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UnionUnion ConfederacyConfederacy
Larger PopulationGreater industrial
capacityBetter
transportation ability (rail)
Defending “home”Interior lines of
supplyInterior lines of
communication
Military Advantages
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UnionUnion ConfederacyConfederacy
Industry dominated the economy of the north
Urban cities Factories rapidly produced
products such as textiles and farm equipment
The majority of railroads existed in the north to transport the goods
Telegraph wires were strung along the railroads for easy communication
Factories gave jobs to thousands of immigrants that eventually gained the ability to vote-opposed slavery
Slave labor was in direct competition with free labor and threatened people’s paying jobs
Agriculture dominated the economy
Rural towns and plantations Relied on staple crops-
COTTON Raw goods transported by
river Few immigrants settled in
the south because of slave labor-those that did were anti-slavery
The south feared that if slavery ended then the south would be left in an extreme state of poverty
Economic Advantages
Disadvantages
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Strategy in the South ". . . It is one thing to drive
the rebels from the south bank of the Potomac, or even to occupy Richmond, but another to reduce and hold in permanent subjection a tract of country nearly as large as Russia in Europe. . . No war of independence ever terminated unsuccessfully except where the disparity of force was far greater than it is in this case. . . Just as England during the revolution had to give up conquering the colonies so the North will have to give up conquering the South. . . .“
Military Analyst for the London Times.
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Anaconda Plan
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Civil War CasualtiesCivil War Casualtiesin Comparison to Other in Comparison to Other
WarsWars
Civil War CasualtiesCivil War Casualtiesin Comparison to Other in Comparison to Other
WarsWars
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Hospital Tent during the Civil War
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Clara BartonDorothea DixHarriet TubmanSojourner TruthAll served as
Civil War nurses.
Main strictureOlder than 30
and of plain dress.
Pay was 40 cents a day.
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Battle of AntietamBattle of Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day of the “Bloodiest Single Day of the
War”War”
Battle of AntietamBattle of Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day of the “Bloodiest Single Day of the
War”War”
23,000 23,000 casualtiescasualties
23,000 23,000 casualtiescasualties
September 17, September 17, 18621862September 17, September 17, 18621862
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Battle of Bull Run, prior to Antietam.
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General George McClellan General Robert E. Lee
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Gen. McClellan"He is an able general
but a very cautious one. His army is in a very demoralized and chaotic condition, and will not be prepared for offensive operations—or he will not think it so—for three or four weeks. Before that time I hope to be on the Susquehanna.“ Gen. Robert E. Lee
McClellan and his wife Mary Ellen Marcy
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General McClellan Passing Through Frederick City, Maryland at the Head of the Army of the Potomac, September 12, 1862
by Edwin Forbes
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“no more defensible than a well bottom.”Written by A Federal Soldier
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South MountainWhat do you see in the picture showing the evidence of the battle?
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InfantryThe basic Civil War tactic was to put a lot of men next to one another in a line and have them move and shoot together.
Muzzle-loading muskets could be fired a maximum of 3 times a minute.
For attackers, once under serious fire the rate of advance might be increased to a so-called "double-quick time" of 165 steps per minute (about 150 yards per minute)
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ArtilleryCannon fire could break up an infantry attack or dissuade enemy infantry from attacking in the first place. Its mere presence could also reassure friendly infantry and so exert a moral effect that might be as important as its physical effect on the enemy.
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At Antietam the Union cavalry suffered exactly 5 men killed and 23 wounded.
Horses required about 26 pounds of feed and forage per day.
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Phases of the Battle of Antietam
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The Bloody Lane-Second PhaseOf the Battle of Antietam.
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"Those in whose judgment I rely tell me that I fought the battle splendidly and that it was a masterpiece of art. ... I feel I have done all that can be asked in twice saving the country. ... I feel some little pride in having, with a beaten & demoralized army, defeated Lee so utterly. ... Well, one of these days history will I trust do me justice.“
General George McClellan
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Was McClellen right? Tomorrow, you be the judge.
1.Be here by 6:45 near the auditorium entrance.2.Dress warmly, bring a bag lunch, bring drinks.3.Somebody bring a camera!