Antibiotics ppt deven
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Transcript of Antibiotics ppt deven
PRESENTATION
ON
Antibiotics
Presented by:
Devendra Kumar
(M.Sc. Biotechnology)
Enrollment No. 1386/14
Beginning of antibiotics
What is Antibiotics ?
Classification of Antibiotics
Antibiotic indications
Antibiotic Resistances and Cross Resistances
Antibiotics side effects
Unconsciousness of Patients
My Opinions
Key points :
The discovery of
penicillin has been
attributed to Scottish
scientist Alexander
Fleming in 1928 and
the development of
penicillin for use as a
medicine
The term antibiotic was
coined by “Selman
Waksman” in 1942.
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Beginning of Antibiotics
Antibiotics Development
Substances derived from a microorganism or produced synthetically, that destroys or inhibits the growth of a pathogenic organism and used in internal and external infection
some antibiotics are produced by microorganisms, most are now manufactured synthetically
Antibiotics
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Classification of antibiotics :
Antibiotics are classified several ways.
On the basis of mechanism of action
On the basis of spectrum of activity
On the basis of mode of action
On the basis of mechanism of action:
Cell Wall Synthesis inhibitors:
Penicillin
Cephalosporins
Vancomycin
Beta-lactamase Inhibitors
Polymycin
Bacitracin
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
Inhibit 30s Subunit
Aminoglycosides (gentamycin)
Tetracycline
Inhibit 50s Subunit
Macrolides
Chloramphenicol
Clindamycin
Streptogramins
DNA Synthesis Inhibitors
Fluor quinolones (ciprofloxacillin)
Metronidazole
RNA synthesis Inhibitors
Rifampin
Mycolic Acid synthesis inhibitors
Isoniazid
Folic Acid synthesis inhibitors
Sulfonamides
Trimethoprim
On the basis of spectrum activity :
Broad spectrum antibiotics :Amoxicillin
Tetracycline
cephalosporin
Chloramphenicol
Erythromycin
Short spectrum antibiotics:Penicillin –G
Cloxacillin
vancomycin
Bacitracin
Fluxacillin
On the basis of mode of action:
Bacteriostatic antibiotics Tetracycline
Chloramphenicol
Erythromycin
Lincomycin
Bactericidal antibiotics
Cephalosporin
Penicillin
Erythromycin
Aminoglycosides
Cotrimoxazole
Antibiotics indications:
Pneumonia
Sepsis
Meningitis
Osteomyelitis
Urogenital Infections
Gall Infections
Quinsy
Skin Infections
Mucous Membrane
Infections
Scarlet Fever
Diphtheria
Siberian Ulcer
Gynecologic Infections
Syphilis
Respiratory Infections
ENT Infections
Fungous Infections
Antibiotics resistance
If the concentration of drug requires to inhibit or kill the
microorganism is greater than normal use then the
microorganism is considered to be resistant to the drug.
The ability of a microorganism to produce a protein that
disables an antibiotic or prevents transport of the antibiotic
into the cell.
It is a contributing factor to the creation of multidrug-
resistant bacteria, informally called "super bugs" relatively
harmless bacteria
Cross-resistance
Cross-resistance to a particular antibiotic
that often results in resistance to other
antibiotics, usually from a similar chemical
class, to which the bacteria may not have
been exposed.
Cross-resistance can occur, for example, to
both colistin and polymyxin B or to both
clindamycin and lincomycin.
Methods of generating new antibiotics
From natural and derivatives compounds
e.g.- Fungi, bacteria, plants etc.
From synthetic compounds
e.g.
Chemical synthesis
Combinatorial chemistry
Recombinant DNA technology
Genomics
Combinations e.g.- Amoxycillin + Clavulanic acid
Causes of Antibiotic resistance
Antibiotic resistance comes mainly because of
inappropriate or improper use of antibiotics by
physicians
Many doctors prescribed antibiotics in viral
disease without test
Viral illness needs time to heal, antibiotic can
not help to cure this illness
The misuse or overuse of antibiotics, may
produce serious effect on health.
Antibiotics side effects:
The most common side effects of
antibiotics :
Diarrhea
Bloating and indigestion
Abdominal pain
Loss of appetite
Being sick
Feeling sick
Itchy skin rash
Coughing
life-threatening allergic reaction
Unconsciousness of Patient
Without proper direction
the patient take the drug.
They do not maintain the
dosage intervals and
complete the dose.
Patient stop the drug when
feel better.
My Opinion
The doctor must be concern about the disease whether
it viral or bacterial.
They should not prescribed the drug without test or
over sure .
The pharmacist should also more conscious about the
dose ,drug interaction, resistant and hypersensitivity
of the drug .
The patient should strictly maintain the suggestion of
the pharmacist.
Choose the Appropriate Antibiotic
Think before prescribing Are we using Right drug for the Right bug ?
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Thank you