Anti-BioticM.Hammad Tariq

What is antibiotic Classification Use Misuse Resistance & Cross-resistance Possible side effects Characteristics of ideal antibiotic

Key Points

An antibiotic is a naturally occurring, semi synthetic or synthetic type of agent that destroys or inhibits growth of micro-organisms.

What is antibiotic

Antibiotics are classified several ways

On the basis of mechanism of action

On the basis of spectrum of activity

On the basis of mode of action

Classification

On the basis of mechanism of action antibiotics are classified as followings

i. Protein synthesis inhibitor ii. Cell wall synthesis inhibitoriii. DNA synthesis inhibitoriv. RNA synthesis inhibitorv. Folic acid inhibitorvi. Mycolic acid synthesis inhibitor

On basis of mechanism of action

On the basis of spectrum of activity antibiotics are classified as Broad spectrum Antibiotics◦ The term broad-spectrum antibiotic refers to an antibiotic

that acts against a wide range of disease-causing bacteria

TetracyclineChloramphenicolAmoxicillinCephalosporinErythromycin

On the basis of spectrum of activity

Short spectrum Antibiotics The term short-spectrum antibiotic refers to an

antibiotic that acts against a narrow range of disease-causing bacteria

Penicillin-GCloxacillinVancomycin BacitracinFluxacillin

Cont..

On the basis of mode of action antibiotics are classified as followingsBacteriostatic

A bacteriostatic agent is a biological or chemical agent that stops bacteria from reproducing, while not necessarily killing them otherwise

BactericidalA bactericidal agent is a biological or chemical

agent that kills the bacteria

On the basis of mode of action

Pneumonia Sepsis Meningitis Gall infection Skin infection Mucus membrane infection Diphtheria Gynecologic infection ENT infection Fungus Infection

Uses Quinsy Scarlet Fever Siberian Ulcer

Misuse

Resistance◦ If the concentration of drug requires to inhibit or kill

the microorganism is great or less then the normal use then the microorganism is considered to be resistant to that drug

Cross-resistance◦ Cross-resistance to a particular antibiotic that often

results in resistance to other antibiotic, usually from a similar chemical class, to which the bacteria may no have been exposed.

◦ For-example◦ Clindamycin and lincomycin

Resistance & Cross resistance

Although there is a long list of side effects but some of them are listed below.◦ Diarrhea◦ Bloating◦ Indigestion◦ Abdominal pain◦ Loss of appetite◦ Being sick◦ Feeling sick◦ Itchy skin rash◦ Coughing◦ Life threatening allergic reaction

Possible Side effects

Ideal antibiotic should have following characteristics◦ Selective toxic to the microbe but nontoxic to host cell◦ Microbial rather than micobistaic ◦ Relatively soluble , function even when highly diluted in

body fluid◦ Remain potent long enough to act and is not broken

down or excreted prematurity◦ Doesn’t lead to the development of antimicrobial

resistance◦ Does not disrupt the host health by causing allergies or

predisposing the host to other infection◦ Reasonably priced

Ideal Antibiotic

https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/25612

www.webmd.com/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloramphenic

ol http://www.orthobullets.com/basic-science/9

059/antibiotic-classification-and-mechanism http://www.slideshare.net/phmosarrof/prese

ntation-on-antibiotics

Sources

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