Anti-Semitism Unit 1. Important Definitions Genocide: attempt to eliminate an entire group of people...
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Transcript of Anti-Semitism Unit 1. Important Definitions Genocide: attempt to eliminate an entire group of people...
Important DefinitionsImportant Definitions
Genocide:Genocide: attempt to eliminate an attempt to eliminate an entire group of peopleentire group of people Usually orchestrated by governmentUsually orchestrated by government
The HolocaustThe Holocaust: Murder of : Murder of approximately 6 million Jews (and approximately 6 million Jews (and approx. 6 million others) by Nazis approx. 6 million others) by Nazis during World War IIduring World War II
Important DefinitionsImportant Definitions
Anti-Semitism:Anti-Semitism: prejudice against or hatred prejudice against or hatred of Jewsof Jews Term was coined in late-1800’s Term was coined in late-1800’s Anti-Semitism has been common throughout Anti-Semitism has been common throughout
historyhistory PogromPogrom: attacks against the Jewish : attacks against the Jewish
communitycommunity StereotypeStereotype: assumption that all members of : assumption that all members of
a group all share a certain characteristica group all share a certain characteristic Oversimplification of facts about a certain group Oversimplification of facts about a certain group
of peopleof people Often the result of ignoranceOften the result of ignorance
JudaismJudaism
World’s oldest monotheistic faithWorld’s oldest monotheistic faith Belief in one GodBelief in one God
Torah= holy scripture for JewsTorah= holy scripture for Jews Saturday= Sabbath Saturday= Sabbath Synagogue= Jewish house of worshipSynagogue= Jewish house of worship Judaism influenced the development of Judaism influenced the development of
Christianity and IslamChristianity and Islam
Anti-SemitismAnti-Semitism
Jews have long been subject to Jews have long been subject to discriminationdiscrimination
Christians were taught that Jews were Christians were taught that Jews were responsible for the death of Christresponsible for the death of Christ
Other Other stereotypesstereotypes and misconceptions and misconceptions about Jews developed throughout the about Jews developed throughout the Middle AgesMiddle Ages
Anti-SemitismAnti-Semitism
Ignorance fueled distrust and dislike of Ignorance fueled distrust and dislike of JewsJews
Common Stereotypes:Common Stereotypes: Greed: Jews practiced Greed: Jews practiced usuryusury, which , which
earned them a reputation for being earned them a reputation for being greedygreedy
Lazy: Jews were forbidden from owning Lazy: Jews were forbidden from owning land and joining guilds, which led to the land and joining guilds, which led to the misconception that they were too lazy to misconception that they were too lazy to farm or perform physical laborfarm or perform physical labor
Anti-SemitismAnti-Semitism
Common Stereotypes:Common Stereotypes: Cowards: Jews were restricted in terms Cowards: Jews were restricted in terms
of military service, which led others to of military service, which led others to believe that they were too cowardly to believe that they were too cowardly to go to wargo to war
Disloyal: placing loyalty to their culture Disloyal: placing loyalty to their culture above loyalty caused others in the above loyalty caused others in the country distrust themcountry distrust them
Jews in European HistoryJews in European History
Restrictions placed on Jews turned them Restrictions placed on Jews turned them into outsidersinto outsiders
Often became the scapegoat for Often became the scapegoat for catastrophic eventscatastrophic events Black DeathBlack Death
Stories of Blood Libel also emerged in the Stories of Blood Libel also emerged in the Middle AgesMiddle Ages Belief that Jews used the blood of Christian Belief that Jews used the blood of Christian
children for ritualschildren for rituals
Jews in European HistoryJews in European History
Jewish economic life:Jewish economic life: Forbidden work in many professionsForbidden work in many professions Heavily taxedHeavily taxed Were allowed to work in business and Were allowed to work in business and
commercecommerce Bankers, merchantsBankers, merchants
Also focused on academics and specialized Also focused on academics and specialized professionsprofessions
Law, medicine, sciences, etc.Law, medicine, sciences, etc. Often invested in portable items and skills they Often invested in portable items and skills they
could take with themcould take with them Easy to move if expelled from countryEasy to move if expelled from country
Jews in European HistoryJews in European History
Distrust of Jews common in Christian Distrust of Jews common in Christian EuropeEurope
Many nations even expel the JewsMany nations even expel the Jews 1290: England1290: England 1306: France1306: France 1492: Spain1492: Spain 1497: Portugal1497: Portugal
Jews in European HistoryJews in European History
Following the expulsion, many Jews Following the expulsion, many Jews moved into Eastern Europemoved into Eastern Europe Less complex government= less Less complex government= less
restrictions restrictions Formed communities Formed communities
known as known as Shtetle Shtetle
Jews in European HistoryJews in European History
The Enlightenment provided Jews with The Enlightenment provided Jews with new opportunitiesnew opportunities Nations allowed Jews back into their Nations allowed Jews back into their
countriescountries Some even granted new rights and freedomsSome even granted new rights and freedoms
1781: Austria abolished extra taxes on Jews1781: Austria abolished extra taxes on Jews 1782: Austria allows Jewish children to attend 1782: Austria allows Jewish children to attend
school with Christian childrenschool with Christian children 1787: Austria allowed Jews to join the military1787: Austria allowed Jews to join the military
Jews in European HistoryJews in European History
Napoleonic Code:Napoleonic Code: Jews given more rights and freedom in Jews given more rights and freedom in
Napoleon’s empireNapoleon’s empire Equal access to all aspects of economy and Equal access to all aspects of economy and
professionsprofessions Equal rightsEqual rights Integrated Jews in to the rest of the societyIntegrated Jews in to the rest of the society
Jews in European HistoryJews in European History
The rise of Nationalism in the late-1800’s The rise of Nationalism in the late-1800’s caused Anti-Semitism to become caused Anti-Semitism to become popular once again.popular once again.
NationalismNationalism
NationalismNationalism: intense pride and : intense pride and devotion to one’s country OR group devotion to one’s country OR group of peopleof people Became popular in the late-1800’sBecame popular in the late-1800’s Fueled by ImperialismFueled by Imperialism Ethnic and cultural differences begin to Ethnic and cultural differences begin to
cause conflictcause conflict
Nationalism and Anti-Nationalism and Anti-SemitismSemitism
Jews begin to be seen as an ethnic Jews begin to be seen as an ethnic and/or racial group, not just a religious and/or racial group, not just a religious groupgroup
Discrimination against Jews begins againDiscrimination against Jews begins again Jews blamed for economic problemsJews blamed for economic problems Anti-Semitic political parties become popularAnti-Semitic political parties become popular Politicians make their careers through Anti-Politicians make their careers through Anti-
SemitismSemitism Karl Luger- role model for HitlerKarl Luger- role model for Hitler
Anti-Semitism in RussiaAnti-Semitism in Russia
Pogroms become common in Russia and Pogroms become common in Russia and Eastern EuropeEastern Europe 1880’s- police stand by as Jewish property is 1880’s- police stand by as Jewish property is
looted and destroyedlooted and destroyed Tens of thousands killedTens of thousands killed
Russian government restricts Jews from Russian government restricts Jews from schools and professional occupationsschools and professional occupations
Jews forced to leave Moscow in 1891-1892Jews forced to leave Moscow in 1891-1892
Social DarwinismSocial Darwinism
Social Darwinism:Social Darwinism: practice of practice of applying Darwin’s theories to societyapplying Darwin’s theories to society Survival of the fittestSurvival of the fittest Some human groups more “fit” than Some human groups more “fit” than
othersothers Used to explain the mistreatment or Used to explain the mistreatment or
subjugation of certain groupssubjugation of certain groups
Jews in EuropeJews in Europe
As violence increased, many Jews fled As violence increased, many Jews fled EuropeEurope
Thousands came to the U.S.Thousands came to the U.S. 1880: there were 85,000 Jews in NYC alone1880: there were 85,000 Jews in NYC alone
Others attempt to flee to PalestineOthers attempt to flee to Palestine Movement known as Movement known as ZionismZionism develops develops Zionism taught that Jews needed their own Zionism taught that Jews needed their own
state and should create a nation around state and should create a nation around JerusalemJerusalem