TOPIC : ANTI BALLISTIC MISSSILESEMINAR

MANAS AGARWAL (121748) MANOJ DHAKER (121750) PRITAM PATHAK (121761) SARVESH SINGH (121776)AISHWARYA TIWARI (101606)

Jaypee University of Engineering & Technology

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION CLASSIFICATION Trajectory Missile Propulsion System Missile Guidance & Control Missile Aerodynamics Future Scope

Introduction• What is a missile ?• Any object thrown at a target with the aim of hitting : Missile

Early Development Based on a simple radio control (command guidance)

V1 Flying Bomb V2 Rocket

By Nazi Germany(During World War II)

Classification of Missiles

Type Range PropulsionGuidance Systems

Launch Mode

1. Surface-to-Surface Missile

2. Surface-to-Air Missile

3. Surface (Coast)-to-Sea Missile

4. Air-to-Air Missile

5. Air-to-Surface Missile

6. Sea-to-Sea Missile

7. Sea-to-Surface (Coast) Missile

8. Anti-Tank Missile

1. Short Range Missile

2. Medium Range Missile

3. Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile

4.Intercontinental Ballistic Missile

1. Wire Guidance

2. Command Guidance3. Terrain Comparison Guidance

4. Terrestrial Guidance

5. Inertial Guidance

6. Beam Rider Guidance

7. Laser Guidance

8. RF and GPS Reference

1. Solid Propulsion

2. Liquid Propulsion

3. Hybrid Propulsion

4. Ramjet

5. Scramjet

6. Cryogenic

1. Cruise Missile

2. Ballistic Missile

Ballistic missile• A missile that has a ballistic

trajectory over most of its flight path.

• Categorized according to their range, maximum distance.

• First : V-2 rocket by Nazi Germany

Quasi ballistic missiles ? Anti Ballistic missiles ?

Cruise missile• Unmanned self-propelled guided vehicle

• Sustains flight through aerodynamic lift for most of its flight path

• Primary mission is to place an ordnance or special payload on a target.

• Use jet engine technology .Depending upon the speed such missiles are classified as :

1. Subsonic cruise missile 2. Supersonic cruise missile 3. Hypersonic cruise missile

MACH Number : Ratio of flow speed relative to a boundary and the local speed of sound

• Subsonic Speed of about 0.8 mach ex : Harpoon of USA , Exocet of France

• Supersonic Speed of about 2-3 mach

ex: BRAHMOS

• Hypersonic Speed of more than 5 mach Around 2.3820 km/s ex : BRAHMOS - II

Launch of missile from submarine

Projectile motion

BRAHMOS - II• Under joint development by DRDO and Russia's NPO

Mashinostroeyenia - formed BrahMos Aerospace Private Limited.

• Type : Hypersonic cruise missile• Place of origin India , RussiaSpecifications• Engine : Scramjet• Operational range :300 km (186.4 mi)• Speed : Mach 7 (2.3820 km/s) • Launch platform: Ship, submarine, aircraft and

land- based mobile launchers.

Missile propulsion system• Propulsion : Providing power to accelerate the missile body and sustain to

reach the required target Parts of propulsion system• Chamber, a nozzle, and an igniter• The energy due to this high pressure reaction permits the heating of the

product gases to a very high temperature (2000-3500 oC). These gases subsequently are expanded in the nozzle and accelerated to high velocities (2000-4500 m/s)

TYPES OF PROPULSlON SYSTEMS Air breathing Non-air breathing

Launchers and Ground Support Systems • The ground support requires target search and tracking facilities which are

normally provided by radar or optical sights, television or infrared detectors .

CHECKOUT AND SIMULATORS• To certify the missiles worthy of deployment and ready for operation , a

periodic health monitoring of its vital subsystems is carried out• Done through an automatic and computerised check procedure on the ground

Missile Guidance and Control• The purpose of a guidance system is to direct the missile to target • Use of an automatic target recognition (ATR) algorithm/device in the guidance system increases accuracy of the missile

Types of Guidance Systems:• Inertial navigation system• TERCOM (Terrain Contour Matching)• DSMAC (Digital Scene-Mapping Area Correlator)• Satellite navigation

• Inertial navigation system Computer & platform containing accelerometers, gyroscopes, or other motion-

sensing devices. Accelerometers measure the vertical, lateral, and longitudinal accelerations of

the controlled missile Gyroscopes measure the angular velocity of the system

• TERCOM(Terrain contour matching): Uses a pre-recorded contour map of the terrain

• DSMAC(Digital scene-mapping area correlator): A series of photographs are taken from surveillance aircraft and are put into a

carousel in the missile. Another camera takes pictures out of the bottom of the missile. A computer compares the two images and attempts to line up areas of high

contrast. Very slow system and its role is being taken up by TERCOM.

• Satellite Navigation: using a satellite positioning system, such as GPS . precise and cheap The GPS-based navigation is useful in a conflict with a technologically

unsophisticated adversary

Missile Aerodynamics Study of the movement of a body in the presence of air is called

aerodynamics

In the missiles aerodynamic surfaces designed to provide the necessary lateral manoeuvrability.

The body of the missile may be divided into three major sections – • The fore body or the nose• The mid-section • The aft or boat-tail section

Nose Section Conical, ogival, power series or hemispherical in shape A hemispherical nose has very high drag ,but it is excellent for

structural integrity, resistance to aerodynamic heating and amenability to certain types of guidance like infrared guidance

MID SECTION Mostly cylindrical in shape shape is advantageous from the standpoint of drag, ease of manufacturing

and load carrying capability

Boat-tail Section The tapered portion of the aft section of a body Decrease the drag of a body which has a ‘squared off’ base

WING DESIGN Main lifting surface

FABRICATION MATERIALS Material strength , High temperature properties of the material , Stiffness or

deformation characteristics , Corrosion resistance , and Ease of fabrication.

Warheads and Fuzes The function of the warhead is to damage the target .

Non-nuclear high explosive warheads & kinetic energy warheads

• Shaped charge warhead (anti-tank or anti-armour) and kinetic energy rod penetrator (against armour)

• Fragment type (anti-aircraft, anti-personnel)• Blast-cum-earth shock (for damaging built up structures)• Incendiary type (against fuel and ammunition dumps, etc.)

Fuzes

• Fuzes are the devices which sense the right moment to detonate the warhead.

Common types of fuzes are :• Impact fuze • Altitude fuze• Proximity fuze

FUTURE SCOPE

Analysis of flow past over an aerofoil structure Path analysis of missile (control guidance)

References• Guided Missiles by T V Karthikeyan & A K Kapoor• THE SECRET OF FLIGHT by JOHAN HOFFMAN, JOHAN JANSSON AND CLAES JOHNSON• Aerodynamic Characteristics of G16 Grid Fin Configuration at Subsonic and Supersonic Speeds by Prashanth H S , Prof. K S Ravi , Dr G B Krishnappa • http://www.brahmos.com/ • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trajectory_of_a_projectile• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mach_number• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BrahMos-II • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EOGn8_XEMp8

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