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Table of Contents
1. About This Reference ............................ ...................................................... ............................................ 1 1.1. Overview ............................ ...................................................... ...................................................... .. 1 1.2. Conventions Used in This Reference ............................ ...................................................... ................ 1
1.2.1. Applicable Products ............................ ...................................................... ............................... 2 1.2.2. Product Codes ............................ ...................................................... ....................................... 3
1.3. Product Capabilities .......................................... ...................................................... .......................... 3 2. Element Classifications ............................ ...................................................... ......................................... 5
2.1. Overview of Element Characteristics ................ ...................................................... ........................... 5 2.1.1. Identifying Element Types ............................ ...................................................... ...................... 5 2.1.2. 2-D vs. 3-D Elements .................................................... ...................................................... ....... 5 2.1.3. Element Shape Characteristics .................. ...................................................... .......................... 6 2.1.4. Element Degrees of Freedom and Discipline ........................... .................................................. 6 2.1.5. User-Defined Elements ............................ ...................................................... ........................... 6
2.2. Summary of Element Types ............................ ...................................................... ............................. 6 2.3. Selecting Elements for Your Analysis .......................................... ...................................................... 22 2.4. Current-Technology Elements ............................... ...................................................... .................... 37
2.4.1. Legacy vs. Current Element Technologies ........................... ..................................................... 38 2.5. Degenerated Shape Elements ............................ ...................................................... ....................... 39
2.5.1. Obtaining the Best Results from Degenerated Shape Elements ........................... .................... 40 2.5.2. Degenerated Triangular 2-D Solid and Shell Elements ........................... .................................. 40
2.5.2.1.Triangular Shell Elements Are Preferred in Some Cases ........................... ........................ 40 2.5.3. Degenerated Triangular Prism Elements .................. ...................................................... ......... 41 2.5.4. Degenerated Tetrahedral Elements .................... ...................................................... ............... 41 2.5.5. Surface Stresses on Condensed Element Faces........................... ............................................. 41
2.6. Special-Purpose Elements ...................... ...................................................... ................................... 41 2.6.1. Superelements ........................................................ ...................................................... ......... 41 2.6.2. User-Defined Elements ............................................................. .............................................. 42
2.7. GUI-Inaccessible Elements ................................................... ...................................................... ..... 42 3. General Element Features ............................ ...................................................... ................................... 43
3.1. Element Input ........................................... ...................................................... ................................ 43 3.1.1. Element Name ............ ...................................................... ..................................................... 43 3.1.2. Nodes ............................ ...................................................... .................................................. 43
3.1.2.1. Internal nodes ................................... ...................................................... ...................... 44 3.1.3. Degrees of Freedom ............................ ...................................................... ............................. 44
3.1.3.1. Internal Degrees of Freedom ........................... ....................................................... ........ 44 3.1.4. Material Properties ............... ...................................................... ............................................ 44 3.1.5. Special Element Features ............................ ...................................................... ...................... 45 3.1.6. Sections ............................ ...................................................... ............................................... 45 3.1.7. Real Constants ............................................................. ...................................................... .... 46 3.1.8. Element Loading ............................ ...................................................... .................................. 46
3.1.8.1. Surface Loads ............................ ...................................................... .............................. 47 3.1.8.1.1. Applying Surface Loads ........................................................ ................................. 47 3.1.8.1.2. Multiple Surface Loads .............. ...................................................... ...................... 47 3.1.8.1.3. Surface Load Labels and Keys ........................................................ ........................ 48 3.1.8.1.4.Tapered Surface Load ................... ...................................................... ................... 48
3.1.8.2. Body Loads .............. ...................................................... ................................................ 48 3.1.8.2.1. Applying Body loads .......................... ...................................................... ............. 48 3.1.8.2.2.Temperature Body Loads ........................... ....................................................... ..... 49
3.1.8.3. Inertial Loads ............................................ ...................................................... ............... 49 3.1.8.4. Initial Stresses ............................ ...................................................... .............................. 49
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3.1.8.5. Ocean Loads ............................ ...................................................... ................................ 49 3.1.9. Nodal Loading ............................ ...................................................... ..................................... 49 3.1.10. Element Properties and Controls (KEYOPTs) ........................... ............................................... 50
3.1.10.1. Element KEYOPT Defaults ............................ ...................................................... .......... 50 3.1.10.1.1. Consider Automatic Element Selection ........................................... ..................... 50 3.1.10.1.2. KEYOPT Settings May Vary Between Products ........................... ........................... 50
3.2. Solution Output ............................ ...................................................... ............................................ 50 3.2.1. Output File Contents ............................ ...................................................... ............................ 51 3.2.2. Results File and Database Contents ............................ ...................................................... ....... 51 3.2.3. Element Solution ............................ ...................................................... .................................. 51
3.2.3.1.The Element Output Definitions Table ........................... ................................................. 52 3.2.3.2.The Item and Sequence Number Table ........................... ................................................ 52 3.2.3.3. Surface Loads ................ ...................................................... .......................................... 53 3.2.3.4. Integration Point Solution (Output Listing Only) ....... ...................................................... 53 3.2.3.5. Centroidal Solution (Output Listing Only) ........................... ............................................ 53 3.2.3.6. Element Nodal Solution ............................ ...................................................... ............... 53 3.2.3.7. Element Nodal Loads ......................... ...................................................... ...................... 54 3.2.3.8. Nonlinear Solutions ...................... ...................................................... ........................... 54 3.2.3.9. 2-D and Axisymmetric Solutions ............................ ...................................................... .. 54 3.2.3.10. Member Force Solution ............................ ...................................................... .............. 54 3.2.3.11. Failure Criteria ........................................... ...................................................... ............ 54
3.2.4. Nodal Solution ............................ ...................................................... ..................................... 55 3.3. Coordinate Systems ............................ ...................................................... ...................................... 55
3.3.1. Understanding the Element Coordinate System ........................... ........................................... 56 3.3.1.1. Modifying the Element Orientation ......................................................... ....................... 56
3.3.2. Elements That Operate in the Nodal Coordinate System................................ .......................... 57 3.3.3. Solution Coordinate Systems ............................ ...................................................... ................ 58
4. Element Support for Material Models ............................ ...................................................... ................ 59 5. Elements for Stress Analysis ............................ ...................................................... ............................... 67
5.1. Continuum Stress Elements ......... ...................................................... .............................................. 67 5.1.1. Stress States in 2-D Continuum Elements .................................................... ............................ 67
5.1.1.1. Plane Stress ........................................... ...................................................... .................. 68 5.1.1.2. Plane Strain .................. ...................................................... ........................................... 68 5.1.1.3. Generalized Plane Strain .............................................. .................................................. 68 5.1.1.4. Axisymmetric ............................ ...................................................... .............................. 68 5.1.1.5. General Axisymmetric ............................ ...................................................... .................. 68
5.1.1.5.1. Alternate General Axisymmetric Method for Linear Problems ........................... ...... 69 5.1.2. Element Technologies ............................ ...................................................... .......................... 69
5.1.2.1.Technologies for Lower-Order Quad and Brick Elements ................................................. 69 5.1.2.1.1. B-bar Method (Selective Reduced Integration) ........................... ............................ 70 5.1.2.1.2. Enhanced Strain Formulation .................. ...................................................... ........ 70 5.1.2.1.3. Simplified Enhanced Strain Formulation .............................. .................................. 70 5.1.2.1.4. Uniform Reduced Integration ............................ .................................................... 70
5.1.2.2.Technologies for Lower-Order Tetrahedron Elements ........................... ........................... 71 5.1.2.3.Technologies for Higher-Order Quad or Brick Elements ............................. ...................... 71 5.1.2.4.Technologies for Higher-Order Triangle or Tetrahedron Elements ........................... ......... 71
5.1.3. Mixed u-P Formulation ............................ ...................................................... ......................... 71 5.1.3.1. Overview of Mixed u-P Element Technologies ........................... ..................................... 71 5.1.3.2. Mixed u-P Element Summary ............................ ...................................................... ....... 72 5.1.3.3. Applications of Mixed u-P Formulations ........................... .............................................. 73 5.1.3.4. Mixed u-P Models and Overconstraint or No Unique Solution ........................... .............. 74
5.1.4. Generalized Plane Strain Options ............................ ...................................................... .......... 74
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Element Reference
5.1.5. Axisymmetric Elements with Nonaxisymmetric Loads ........................... .................................. 76 5.1.5.1. General Axisymmetric Elements ............. ...................................................... .................. 76
5.1.5.1.1. Example: 3-D General Axisymmetric Model .................. .......................................... 79 5.1.5.2. Harmonic Axisymmetric Elements ........................... ....................................................... 83
5.1.5.2.1. Harmonic Axisymmetric Elements with Nonaxisymmetric Loads ........................... . 84 5.2. Shell Elements ............................ ...................................................... .............................................. 88
5.2.1. Axisymmetric Shells ............................ ...................................................... ............................. 88 5.2.2. Shell Stress and Stiffness ............................ ...................................................... ...................... 88 5.2.3. Membrane and Surface Stress Options ....................................................... ............................ 88 5.2.4. Shell Shear and Warping ............................................................ ............................................. 89 5.2.5. Curved Shell Elements .................................. ...................................................... .................... 89 5.2.6. Shell Element Coordinate System ............................ ...................................................... ......... 89 5.2.7. Shell Element Nodes ............................ ...................................................... ............................ 89
5.3. Beam and Link (Truss) Elements ............................ ...................................................... .................... 90 5.4. Pipe Elements ................ ...................................................... ....................................................... .... 90 5.5. Reinforcing Elements ............................ ...................................................... .................................... 91
5.5.1. Discrete Reinforcing ......................................................... ...................................................... 91 5.5.2. Smeared Reinforcing .................... ....................................................... ................................... 91
5.6. Surface Elements ............................ ...................................................... .......................................... 91 5.7. Automatic Selection of Element Technologies and Formulations ........................... ........................... 92 5.8. Elements Under Linear Perturbation ................................................ ................................................ 95
5.8.1. Material Properties of Structural Elements in Linear Perturbation ........................... ................. 96 5.8.1.1. Specifying Material Behavior in Linear Perturbation .............................................. .......... 96
5.8.2. Interpretation of Structural Element Results After a Linear Perturbation Analysis ..................... 97 5.8.3. Loads, Initial Conditions, and Other Limitations in Linear Perturbation ........... .......................... 97
6. Elements for Multiphysics Analysis ............................ ...................................................... ..................... 99 6.1. Elements for Coupled-Physics Analysis ............................ ...................................................... .......... 99
6.1.1. Coupled-Field Element Classifications ........................... ....................................................... ... 99 6.1.2. Selecting Elements for Coupled-Physics Analysis ......................... .......................................... 100
6.2. Elements for Thermal Analysis ............................................... ...................................................... .. 102 6.2.1.Thermal Elements for the Structural Region ........................... ............................................... 102 6.2.2.Thermal Elements for the Fluid Region ................ ...................................................... ............ 103 6.2.3. Thermal Loading Elements ............................ ...................................................... ................. 103
6.2.3.1. Using Thermal Surface-Loading Elements ....................... .............................................. 103 6.2.3.2. Using Contact Elements to Load Thermal Models ............ ............................................. 104
6.2.4.Thermal Control Element ..................................... ...................................................... ........... 104 6.2.5. Other Elements Useful in a Thermal Analysis ........................... .............................................. 104
6.3. Elements for Acoustic Analysis ............................ ...................................................... .................... 104 6.4. Elements for Electric and Magnetic Analysis ........................... ....................................................... . 105 6.5. Elements for Diffusion Analysis ............................ ...................................................... .................... 107
7. Element Library ............................ ...................................................... ................................................. 109 I. Element Library ............................ ...................................................... .................................................. 111
5. SOLID5: 3-D Coupled-Field Solid ............................ ...................................................... ..................... 113 9. INFIN9: 2-D Infinite Boundary ............................ ...................................................... ......................... 123 11. LINK11: Linear Actuator ............................. ...................................................... ............................... 127 13. PLANE13: 2-D Coupled-Field Solid .............................. ...................................................... .............. 131 14. COMBIN14: Spring-Damper ............................ ...................................................... .......................... 141 21. MASS21: Structural Mass ............................ ...................................................... .............................. 149 25. PLANE25: Axisymmetric-Harmonic 4-Node Structural Solid ....................................................... ...... 153 27. MATRIX27: Stiffness, Damping, or Mass Matrix ........................... ...................................................... 161 28. SHELL28: Shear/Twist Panel ............................................ ...................................................... .......... 167 29. FLUID29: 2-D Axisymmetric Harmonic Acoustic Fluid ........................... ........................................... 173
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Element Reference
 
30. FLUID30: 3-D Acoustic Fluid ............................................ ...................................................... .......... 179 31. LINK31: Radiation Link ................................................ ...................................................... .............. 185 33. LINK33: 3-D Conduction Bar ............................ ...................................................... ......................... 189 34. LINK34: Convection Link ............................ ...................................................... ............................... 193 35. PLANE35: 2-D 6-Node Triangular Thermal Solid ................................................ ............................... 199 36. SOURC36: Current Source ................ ...................................................... ......................................... 205 37. COMBIN37: Control ....... ...................................................... ....................................................... .... 209 38. FLUID38: Dynamic Fluid Coupling ............................ ...................................................... ................ 219 39. COMBIN39: Nonlinear Spring ................ ...................................................... .................................... 223 40. COMBIN40: Combination ...................... ...................................................... ................................... 231 41. SHELL41: Membrane Shell ........................................ ...................................................... ................ 239 47. INFIN47: 3-D Infinite Boundary ............................ ...................................................... ..................... 247 50. MATRIX50: Superelement (or Substructure) ............................ ...................................................... .. 251 53. PLANE53: 2-D 8-Node Magnetic Solid .................................... ...................................................... ... 255 55. PLANE55: 2-D Thermal Solid ...................................................... ..................................................... 265 61. SHELL61: Axisymmetric-Harmonic Structural Shell ........................... ............................................... 271 65. SOLID65: 3-D Reinforced Concrete Solid ........................ ...................................................... ........... 287 68. LINK68: Coupled Thermal-Electric Line ............................ ...................................................... .......... 297 70. SOLID70: 3-D Thermal Solid .......................................................... .................................................. 303 71. MASS71:Thermal Mass ............................ ...................................................... ................................. 309 75. PLANE75: Axisymmetric-Harmonic 4-Node Thermal Solid ........... .................................................... 313 77. PLANE77: 2-D 8-Node Thermal Solid .............................................. ................................................. 319 78. PLANE78: Axisymmetric-Harmonic 8-Node Thermal Solid ........................... .................................... 325 83. PLANE83: Axisymmetric-Harmonic 8-Node Structural Solid ........................... .................................. 331 87. SOLID87: 3-D 10-Node Tetrahedral Thermal Solid ........... ....................................................... .......... 339 90. SOLID90: 3-D 20-Node Thermal Solid ........................................................ ...................................... 345 94. CIRCU94: Piezoelectric Circuit ............................ ...................................................... ....................... 351 96. SOLID96: 3-D Magnetic Scalar Solid ............................ ...................................................... .............. 359 97. SOLID97: 3-D Magnetic Solid ................................................ ...................................................... .... 365 98. SOLID98:Tetrahedral Coupled-Field Solid ....................................................... ................................ 377 110. INFIN110: 2-D Infinite Solid ..................... ...................................................... ................................ 387 111. INFIN111: 3-D Infinite Solid ..................... ...................................................... ................................ 393 116. FLUID116: Coupled Thermal-Fluid Pipe ............................................................ ............................. 399 118. HF118: 2-D High-Frequency Quadrilateral Solid ........................... ................................................. 411 119. HF119: 3-D High-Frequency Tetrahedral Solid ............................ ................................................... 417 120. HF120: 3-D High-Frequency Brick Solid ............................ ...................................................... ....... 425 121. PLANE121: 2-D 8-Node Electrostatic Solid ............................................... ...................................... 433 122. SOLID122: 3-D 20-Node Electrostatic Solid ............................ ...................................................... .. 439 123. SOLID123: 3-D 10-Node Tetrahedral Electrostatic Solid ....................... ........................................... 445 124. CIRCU124: Electric Circuit ............................ ...................................................... ........................... 451 125. CIRCU125: Diode ............................................. ...................................................... ....................... 463 126.TRANS126: Electromechanical Transducer ..................................... ................................................ 469 129. FLUID129: 2-D Infinite Acoustic .......................................................... ........................................... 479 130. FLUID130: 3-D Infinite Acoustic ............................ ...................................................... ................... 483 131. SHELL131: 4-Node Thermal Shell ....................................................... ........................................... 487 132. SHELL132: 8-Node Thermal Shell ....................................................... ........................................... 495 136. FLUID136: 3-D Squeeze Film Fluid Element ................................. .................................................. 503 138. FLUID138: 3-D Viscous Fluid Link Element ............................ ...................................................... ... 515 139. FLUID139: 3-D Slide Film Fluid Element .......................... ...................................................... ......... 519 141. FLUID141: 2-D Fluid-Thermal ............................ ...................................................... ...................... 525 142. FLUID142: 3-D Fluid-Thermal ............................ ...................................................... ...................... 535 144. ROM144: Reduced Order Electrostatic-Structural ........................... ............................................... 545
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Element Reference
151. SURF151: 2-D Thermal Surface Effect ............................ ...................................................... .......... 549 152. SURF152: 3-D Thermal Surface Effect ............................ ...................................................... .......... 559 153. SURF153: 2-D Structural Surface Effect ............................ ...................................................... ........ 569 154. SURF154: 3-D Structural Surface Effect ............................ ...................................................... ........ 577 156. SURF156: 3-D Structural Surface Line Load Effect ........................... ............................................... 585 157. SHELL157: Thermal-Electric Shell ............................ ...................................................... ................ 591 159. SURF159: General Axisymmetric Surface ........................... ....................................................... ..... 597 160. LINK160: Explicit 3-D Spar (or Truss) ............................ ...................................................... ............ 607 161. BEAM161: Explicit 3-D Beam ............................ ...................................................... ....................... 611 162. PLANE162: Explicit 2-D Structural Solid .............. ...................................................... ..................... 625 163. SHELL163: Explicit Thin Structural Shell .................. ...................................................... ................. 631 164. SOLID164: Explicit 3-D Structural Solid ............................ ...................................................... ........ 643 165. COMBI165: Explicit Spring-Damper ........................................................ ....................................... 649 166. MASS166: Explicit 3-D Structural Mass .................. ...................................................... .................. 653 167. LINK167: Explicit Tension-Only Spar ............................ ...................................................... ............ 655 168. SOLID168: Explicit 3-D 10-Node Tetrahedral Structural Solid ........................... ............................... 659 169. TARGE169: 2-D Target Segment ............................ ...................................................... .................. 665 170. TARGE170: 3-D Target Segment ............................ ...................................................... .................. 673 171. CONTA171: 2-D 2-Node Surface-to-Surface Contact ........................... ........................................... 685 172. CONTA172: 2-D 3-Node Surface-to-Surface Contact ........................... .......................................... 703 173. CONTA173: 3-D 4-Node Surface-to-Surface Contact ........................... ........................................... 721 174. CONTA174: 3-D 8-Node Surface-to-Surface Contact ........................... ........................................... 739 175. CONTA175: 2-D/3-D Node-to-Surface Contact ......................................................... ...................... 757 176. CONTA176: 3-D Line-to-Line Contact ................................... ...................................................... ... 777 177. CONTA177: 3-D Line-to-Surface Contact ......................................................... .............................. 793 178. CONTA178: 3-D Node-to-Node Contact ............................ ...................................................... ....... 807 179. PRETS179: Pretension ...................... ...................................................... ....................................... 831 180. LINK180: 3-D Spar (or Truss) ................................................ ...................................................... .... 835 181. SHELL181: 4-Node Structural Shell ............................ ...................................................... .............. 841 182. PLANE182: 2-D 4-Node Structural Solid ................................................. ........................................ 857 183. PLANE183: 2-D 8-Node or 6-Node Structural Solid ........................... .............................................. 865 184. MPC184: Multipoint Constraint Element ................ ....................................................... ................ 873 184link. MPC184-Link/Beam: Multipoint Constraint Element: Rigid Link or Rigid Beam.......................... 879 184slid. MPC184-Slider: Multipoint Constraint Element: Slider ....................................................... ....... 885 184revo. MPC184-Revolute: Multipoint Constraint Element: Revolute Joint ........................... ................ 889 184univ. MPC184-Universal: Multipoint Constraint Element: Universal Joint ........................... ............... 899 184slot. MPC184-Slot: Multipoint Constraint Element: Slot Joint .......................................... ................. 909 184poin. MPC184-Point: Multipoint Constraint Element: Point-in-plane Joint ........................................ 917 184tran. MPC184-Trans: Multipoint Constraint Element:Translational Joint........................................... 925 184cyl. MPC184-Cylin: Multipoint Constraint Element: Cylindrical Joint ........................... ...................... 933 184plan. MPC184-Planar: Multipoint Constraint Element: Planar Joint ........................... ........................ 945 184weld. MPC184-Weld: Multipoint Constraint Element: Weld Joint ....................................... ............... 957 184orie. MPC184-Orient: Multipoint Constraint Element: Orient Joint ........................... ........................ 963 184sphe. MPC184-Spherical: Multipoint Constraint Element: Spherical Joint ........................... .............. 969 184gen. MPC184-General: Multipoint Constraint Element: General Joint ........................... .................... 975 184scr. MPC184-Screw: Multipoint Constraint Element: Screw Joint ........................... ........................... 985 185. SOLID185: 3-D 8-Node Structural Solid .............. ...................................................... ..................... 995 186. SOLID186: 3-D 20-Node Structural Solid ........................... ....................................................... .... 1011 187. SOLID187: 3-D 10-Node Tetrahedral Structural Solid ............................................... ..................... 1027 188. BEAM188: 3-D 2-Node Beam .......................................... ...................................................... ....... 1033 189. BEAM189: 3-D 3-Node Beam .......................................... ...................................................... ....... 1051 190. SOLSH190: 3-D 8-Node Structural Solid Shell ........................... ................................................... 1067
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Element Reference
 
192. INTER192: 2-D 4-Node Gasket ........................................ ...................................................... ....... 1077 193. INTER193: 2-D 6-Node Gasket ........................................ ...................................................... ....... 1081 194. INTER194: 3-D 16-Node Gasket ............................ ...................................................... ................. 1085 195. INTER195: 3-D 8-Node Gasket ............................ ...................................................... ................... 1091 200. MESH200: Meshing Facet ............................ ...................................................... .......................... 1095 201. FOLLW201: Follower Load .............................. ...................................................... ....................... 1101 202. INTER202: 2-D 4-Node Cohesive ........ ...................................................... .................................... 1105 203. INTER203: 2-D 6-Node Cohesive ............................ ...................................................... ................ 1109 204. INTER204: 3-D 16-Node Cohesive ........................ ...................................................... .................. 1113 205. INTER205: 3-D 8-Node Cohesive ........ ...................................................... .................................... 1117 208. SHELL208: 2-Node Axisymmetric Shell ............................ ...................................................... ...... 1121 209. SHELL209: 3-Node Axisymmetric Shell ............................ ...................................................... ...... 1131 212. CPT212: 2-D 4-Node Coupled Pore-Pressure Mechanical Solid ...................... ............................... 1141 213. CPT213: 2-D 8-Node Coupled Pore-Pressure Mechanical Solid ...................... ............................... 1147 214. COMBI214: 2-D Spring-Damper Bearing ............................ ...................................................... .... 1153 215. CPT215: 3-D 8-Node Coupled Pore-Pressure Mechanical Solid ........................... .......................... 1161 216. CPT216: 3-D 20-Node Coupled Pore-Pressure Mechanical Solid ................................................... 1167 217. CPT217: 3-D 10-Node Coupled Pore-Pressure Mechanical Solid ............................ ....................... 1173 220. FLUID220: 3-D Acoustic Fluid 20-Node Solid Element ........................... ....................................... 1179 221. FLUID221: 3-D Acoustic Fluid 10-Node Solid Element ........................... ....................................... 1185 223. PLANE223: 2-D 8-Node Coupled-Field Solid ............. ...................................................... ............. 1191 226. SOLID226: 3-D 20-Node Coupled-Field Solid ....................... ...................................................... .. 1205 227. SOLID227: 3-D 10-Node Coupled-Field Solid ....................... ...................................................... .. 1221 230. PLANE230: 2-D 8-Node Electric Solid ............................ ...................................................... ......... 1235 231. SOLID231: 3-D 20-Node Electric Solid ................... ....................................................... ............... 1241 232. SOLID232: 3-D 10-Node Tetrahedral Electric Solid ............. ...................................................... ..... 1247 233. PLANE233: 2-D 8-Node Electromagnetic Solid ............................ ................................................ 1251 236. SOLID236: 3-D 20-Node Electromagnetic Solid ............................ ................................................ 1259 237. SOLID237: 3-D 10-Node Electromagnetic Solid .................... ...................................................... .. 1269 238. PLANE238: 2-D 8-Node Diffusion Solid ............................ ...................................................... ...... 1279 239. SOLID239: 3-D 20-Node Diffusion Solid ............. ...................................................... .................... 1283 240. SOLID240: 3-D 10-Node Tetrahedral Diffusion Solid ....................... .............................................. 1287 241. HSFLD241: 2-D Hydrostatic Fluid ........................................ ...................................................... .. 1291 242. HSFLD242: 3-D Hydrostatic Fluid ........................................ ...................................................... .. 1299 251. SURF251: 2-D Radiosity Surface ............................ ...................................................... ................ 1305 252. SURF252: 3-D Radiosity Surface ............................ ...................................................... ................ 1309 263. REINF263: 2-D Smeared Reinforcing ......... ...................................................... ............................. 1313 264. REINF264: 3-D Discrete Reinforcing .............................................. ............................................... 1321 265. REINF265: 3-D Smeared Reinforcing ............................ ...................................................... .......... 1329 272. SOLID272: General Axisymmetric Solid with 4 Base Nodes ........................... ................................ 1337 273. SOLID273: General Axisymmetric Solid with 8 Base Nodes ......................... .................................. 1345 278. SOLID278: 3-D 8-Node Thermal Solid ......................................... ................................................. 1353 279. SOLID279: 3-D 20-Node Thermal Solid ............................................... ......................................... 1365 281. SHELL281: 8-Node Structural Shell ............................ ...................................................... ............ 1377 285. SOLID285: 3-D 4-Node Tetrahedral Structural Solid with Nodal Pressures ..................................... 1391 288. PIPE288: 3-D 2-Node Pipe ............................ ...................................................... ......................... 1397 289. PIPE289: 3-D 3-Node Pipe .......... ...................................................... .......................................... 1415 290. ELBOW290: 3-D 3-Node Elbow ............................ ...................................................... .................. 1433 300. USER300: User-Defined Element .......................................................... ....................................... 1449
Bibliography ................................... ...................................................... .................................................. 1451 Index .............................................. ...................................................... .................................................. 1453
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Element Reference
List of Figures
5.1. Generalized Plane Strain Deformation ............................ ...................................................... ................. 75 5.2. General Axisymmetric Elements and Their Coordinate Systems (KEYOPT(2) = 3)...................................... 77 5.3. Axisymmetric Radial, Axial, Torsion and Moment Loadings ............................................. ........................ 85 5.4. Bending and Shear Loading (ISYM = 1) ............................ ...................................................... ................ 86 5.5. Uniform Lateral Loadings ............................ ...................................................... .................................... 87 5.6. Bending and Shear Loading (ISYM = -1) ............................. ...................................................... .............. 87 5.7. Displacement and Force Loading Associated with MODE  = 2 and ISYM = 1 ........................... .................. 87 5.1. SOLID5 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ............................................. 113 5.2. SOLID5 Element Output ............................ ...................................................... .................................... 117 9.1. INFIN9 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... .............................................. 123 9.2. INFIN9 Element Usage ............................ ...................................................... ....................................... 125 11.1. LINK11 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ............................................ 127 13.1. PLANE13 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ......................................... 131 13.2. PLANE13 Element Output ................................. ....................................................... ......................... 135 14.1. COMBIN14 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ...................................... 141 14.2. COMBIN14 Stress Output .................................. ....................................................... .......................... 144 21.1. MASS21 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... .......................................... 149 25.1. PLANE25 Geometry ...................... ...................................................... ............................................... 153 25.2. PLANE25 Stress Output ....................................... ...................................................... ........................ 156 27.1. MATRIX27 Schematic ....................................................... ....................................................... ........... 161 28.1. SHELL28 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ......................................... 167 28.2. SHELL28 Stress Output ............................ ...................................................... .................................... 169 29.1. FLUID29 Geometry ....................................................... ...................................................... ............... 173 30.1. FLUID30 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... .......................................... 179 31.1. LINK31 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ............................................ 185 33.1. LINK33 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ............................................ 189 34.1. LINK34 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ............................................ 193 35.1. PLANE35 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ......................................... 199 36.1. SOURC36 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ........................................ 205 37.1. COMBIN37 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ...................................... 209 37.2. COMBIN37 Behavior as a Function of Control Parameter ........................... .......................................... 214 38.1. FLUID38 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... .......................................... 219 39.1. COMBIN39 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ...................................... 223 39.2. COMBIN39 Force-Deflection Curves ............................ ...................................................... ................. 227 40.1. COMBIN40 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ...................................... 231 40.2. COMBIN40 Behavior ............................ ...................................................... ........................................ 234 41.1. SHELL41 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ......................................... 239 41.2. SHELL41 Stress Output ............................ ...................................................... .................................... 243 47.1. INFIN47 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... .......................................... 247 50.1. MATRIX50 Schematic ............................ ...................................................... ....................................... 251 53.1. PLANE53 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ......................................... 255 53.2. PLANE53 Magnetic Element Output ............................ ...................................................... ................ 260 55.1. PLANE55 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ......................................... 265 61.1. SHELL61 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ......................................... 271 61.2. SHELL61 Stress Output ............................ ...................................................... .................................... 274 65.1. SOLID65 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ......................................... 287 65.2. SOLID65 Stress Output ............................ ...................................................... .................................... 292 68.1. LINK68 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ............................................ 297 70.1. SOLID70 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ......................................... 303 71.1. MASS71 Geometry ............................................ ...................................................... .......................... 309
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75.1. PLANE75 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ......................................... 313 77.1. PLANE77 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ......................................... 319 78.1. PLANE78 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ......................................... 325 83.1. PLANE83 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ......................................... 331 83.2. PLANE83 Stress Output ................................................. ...................................................... .............. 334 87.1. SOLID87 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ......................................... 339 90.1. SOLID90 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ......................................... 345 94.1. CIRCU94 Circuit Options ............................ ...................................................... .................................. 352 94.2. Load Functions and Corresponding Real Constants for Independent Current and Voltage Sources...... 355 96.1. SOLID96 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ......................................... 359 97.1. SOLID97 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ......................................... 366 98.1. SOLID98 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ......................................... 377 98.2. SOLID98 Element Output ................................................ ...................................................... ............ 380 110.1. INFIN110 Geometry ......................................................... ...................................................... .......... 387 110.2. INFIN110 Element Output .......................................................... ..................................................... 390 111.1. INFIN111 Geometry ......................................................... ...................................................... .......... 393 116.1. FLUID116 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ...................................... 399 118.1. HF118 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ........................................... 411 118.2. HF118 First Order Element .................................................... ...................................................... ..... 412 118.3. HF118 Second Order Element ............................ ...................................................... ........................ 412 119.1. HF119 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ........................................... 417 119.2. HF119 First Order Element .................................................... ...................................................... ..... 417 119.3. HF119 Second Order Element ............. ...................................................... ....................................... 418 120.1. HF120 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ........................................... 425 120.2. HF120 First Order Hexahedral Element ............................ ...................................................... ........... 426 121.1. PLANE121 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ..................................... 433 121.2. PLANE121 Output ............................ ...................................................... ......................................... 435 122.1. SOLID122 Geometry ................................................ ...................................................... .................. 439 123.1. SOLID123 Geometry ................................................ ...................................................... .................. 445 124.1. CIRCU124 Circuit Element Options ............................. ....................................................... ............... 452 124.2. CIRCU124 Circuit Source Options ................................................ ..................................................... 452 124.3. CIRCU124 Coupled Circuit Source Options ............................ ...................................................... ..... 453 124.4. Load Functions and Corresponding Real Constants for Independent Current and Voltage Sources.... 456 125.1. CIRCU125 Element Options ............................................ ...................................................... ........... 463 125.2. CIRCU125 I-U Characteristics ..................................... ...................................................... ................ 464 126.1.TRANS126 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ..................................... 469 126.2.TRANS126 Capacitance Relationship .......................................................... ...................................... 470 126.3.TRANS126 Force Relationship .......................... ...................................................... .......................... 471 126.4.TRANS126 Valid/Invalid Orientations ............................. ...................................................... ............. 477 129.1. FLUID129 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ...................................... 479 130.1. FLUID130 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ...................................... 483 131.1. SHELL131 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ..................................... 487 132.1. SHELL132 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ..................................... 495 136.1. FLUID136 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ...................................... 504 136.2. Moving Structure with Thin Film of FLUID136 Elements ...................... .............................................. 508 136.3. Minimum Fluid and Minimum Mechanical Gaps............................ ................................................... 509 136.4. Mechanical Penetration ........................... ...................................................... .................................. 509 136.5. Fluid Penetration ............................ ...................................................... ........................................... 509 138.1. FLUID138 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ...................................... 515 139.1. FLUID139 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ...................................... 520 141.1. FLUID141 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ...................................... 525 142.1. FLUID142 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ...................................... 536
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144.1. ROM144 Schematic ............................ ...................................................... ....................................... 545 151.1. SURF151 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ....................................... 549 152.1. SURF152 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ....................................... 559 153.1. SURF153 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ....................................... 569 153.2. Pressures ............................ ...................................................... ...................................................... 570 154.1. SURF154 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ....................................... 577 154.2. Pressures ............................ ...................................................... ...................................................... 578 156.1. SURF156 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ....................................... 585 156.2. Pressures ............................ ...................................................... ...................................................... 586 157.1. SHELL157 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ..................................... 591 159.1. SURF159 Geometry (KEYOPT(2) = 3) ............................ ...................................................... ............... 597 159.2. SURF159 Pressures ............................................. ...................................................... ...................... 599 160.1. LINK160 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ........................................ 607 161.1. BEAM161 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ...................................... 611 161.2. Standard Beam Cross Sections ............................ ...................................................... ....................... 613 161.3. Standard Beam Cross Sections (continued) ........................... ....................................................... .... 614 161.4. Definition of Relative Area for User Defined Integration Rule ........................... ................................. 622 161.5. Definition of Integration Points for User Defined Integration Rule .......................................... ........... 622 162.1. PLANE162 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ..................................... 625 162.2. PLANE162 Stress Output ............................................................. .................................................... 629 163.1. SHELL163 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ..................................... 631 163.2. Arbitrary Ordering of Integration Points for User Defined Shell Integration Rule ................................ 632 163.3. Nodal Numbering for Pressure Loads (Positive Pressure Acts in Negative Z Direction) ....................... 633 164.1. SOLID164 Geometry ................................................ ...................................................... .................. 643 165.1. COMBI165 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ..................................... 649 166.1. MASS166 Geometry ............ ...................................................... ...................................................... 653 167.1. LINK167 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ........................................ 655 168.1. SOLID168 Geometry ................................................ ...................................................... .................. 659 169.1. TARGE169 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ..................................... 665 169.2.TARGE169 2-D Segment Types .......................... ...................................................... ......................... 667 170.1. TARGE170 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ..................................... 674 170.2. TARGE170 Segment Types ............................ ...................................................... ............................. 677 171.1. CONTA171 Geometry ........................ ....................................................... ....................................... 685 172.1. CONTA172 Geometry ........................ ....................................................... ....................................... 703 173.1. CONTA173 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... .................................... 721 174.1. CONTA174 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... .................................... 739 175.1. CONTA175 Geometry ........................ ....................................................... ....................................... 757 176.1. CONTA176 Geometry ........................ ....................................................... ....................................... 777 176.2. Beam Sliding Inside a Hollow Beam ............................ ...................................................... ............... 778 176.3. Parallel Beams in Contact ............................ ...................................................... .............................. 778 176.4. Crossing Beams in Contact ............... ...................................................... ......................................... 779 176.5. Equivalent Circular Cross Section ........... ...................................................... .................................... 779 177.1. CONTA177 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... .................................... 793 178.1. CONTA178 Geometry ........................ ....................................................... ....................................... 807 178.2. CONTA178 - Cylindrical Gap ........................................................ ..................................................... 813 178.3. CONTA178 - Spherical Gap .......................................................... ..................................................... 814 179.1. PRETS179 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ...................................... 831 180.1. LINK180 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ........................................ 835 180.2. LINK180 Stress Output ............................ ...................................................... ................................... 837 181.1. SHELL181 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ..................................... 842 181.2. SHELL181 Typical Bending Applications ............................ ...................................................... ......... 845 181.3. SHELL181 Stress Output ................................... ....................................................... ........................ 850
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182.1. PLANE182 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ..................................... 857 182.2. PLANE182 Stress Output ............................ ...................................................... ............................... 860 183.1. PLANE183 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ..................................... 865 183.2. PLANE183 Stress Output ............................ ...................................................... ............................... 868 184link.1. MPC184 Rigid Link/Beam Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ......... 879 184slid.1. MPC184 Slider Geometry .......... ...................................................... ........................................... 885 184revo.1. MPC184 Revolute Joint Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ........... 889 184univ.1. MPC184 Universal Joint Geometry ............................ ...................................................... .......... 899 184slot.1. MPC184 Slot Joint Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ................... 909 184poin.1. MPC184 Point-in-plane Joint Geometry ............................ ...................................................... .. 917 184tran.1. MPC184 Translational Joint Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ..... 925 184cyl.1. MPC184 Cylindrical Joint Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ........... 933 184plan.1. MPC184 Planar Joint Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ............... 945 184weld.1. MPC184 Weld Joint Geometry .................... ...................................................... ........................ 957 184orie.1. MPC184 Orient Joint Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ............... 963 184sphe.1. MPC184 Spherical Joint Geometry ........................ ...................................................... ............. 969 184gen.1. MPC184 General Joint Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ............. 975 184scr.1. MPC184 Screw Joint Geometry ................................................. ................................................... 985 185.1. SOLID185 Homogeneous Structural Solid Geometry ........................... ............................................. 996 185.2. SOLID185 Homogeneous Structural Solid Stress Output ........................... ........................................ 999 185.3. SOLID185 Layered Structural Solid Geometry ............................ ..................................................... 1002 185.4. SOLID185 Layered Structural Solid Stress Output ............................................ ............................... 1006 186.1. SOLID186 homogeneous Structural Solid Geometry ........................... ........................................... 1012 186.2. SOLID186 homogeneous Structural Solid Stress Output ............................................ ..................... 1015 186.3. SOLID186 Layered Structural Solid Geometry ............................ ..................................................... 1018 186.4. SOLID186 Layered Structural Solid Stress Output ............................................ ............................... 1022 187.1. SOLID187 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... .................................... 1027 187.2. SOLID187 Stress Output ........................................... ...................................................... ............... 1029 188.1. BEAM188 Geometry .................................... ...................................................... ............................ 1033 188.2.Transverse-Shear Deformation Estimation ............................................ .......................................... 1034 188.3. Cross-Section Cells .............. ...................................................... .................................................... 1037 189.1. BEAM189 Geometry .................................... ...................................................... ............................ 1051 189.2.Transverse-Shear Deformation Estimation ............................................ .......................................... 1052 189.3. Cross-Section Cells .............. ...................................................... .................................................... 1054 190.1. SOLSH190 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ................................... 1067 190.2. SOLSH190 Stress Output ................................................... ...................................................... ...... 1072 192.1. INTER192 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... .................................... 1077 192.2. INTER192 Stress Output ............................ ...................................................... ............................... 1079 193.1. INTER193 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... .................................... 1081 193.2. INTER193 Stress Output ............................ ...................................................... ............................... 1083 194.1. INTER194 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... .................................... 1085 194.2. INTER194 3-D 16-Node Degenerated Quadratic Interface ........................... .................................... 1086 194.3. INTER194 Stress Output ............................ ...................................................... ............................... 1088 195.1. INTER195 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... .................................... 1091 195.2. INTER195 Stress Output ............................ ...................................................... ............................... 1093 200.1. MESH200 Geometry ................................................ ...................................................... ................ 1095 201.1. FOLLW201 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... .................................. 1101 202.1. INTER202 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... .................................... 1105 202.2. INTER202 Stress Output ............................ ...................................................... ............................... 1107 203.1. INTER203 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... .................................... 1109 203.2. INTER203 Stress Output ............................ ...................................................... ............................... 1111 204.1. INTER204 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... .................................... 1113
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Element Reference
 
204.2. INTER204 3-D 16-Node Degenerated Quadratic Interface ............................................. .................. 1114 204.3. INTER204 Stress Output ............................ ...................................................... ............................... 1115 205.1. INTER205 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... .................................... 1117 205.2. INTER205 Stress Output ............................ ...................................................... ............................... 1119 208.1. SHELL208 Geometry .................................................... ...................................................... ............ 1121 208.2. SHELL208 Element Stress Output ............................ ...................................................... ................. 1126 209.1. SHELL209 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... .................................... 1131 209.2. SHELL209 Element Stress Output ............................ ...................................................... ................. 1135 212.1. CPT212 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ....................................... 1141 212.2. CPT212 Stress Output .................... ...................................................... .......................................... 1143 213.1. CPT213 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ....................................... 1147 213.2. CPT213 Stress Output .................... ...................................................... .......................................... 1149 214.1. COMBI214 Geometry ............................................................ ...................................................... ... 1154 215.1. CPT215 Structural Solid Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ............... 1161 215.2. CPT215 Stress Output .................... ...................................................... .......................................... 1163 216.1. CPT216 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ....................................... 1167 216.2. CPT216 Stress Output .................... ...................................................... .......................................... 1170 217.1. CPT217 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ....................................... 1173 217.2. CPT217 Stress Output .................... ...................................................... .......................................... 1175 220.1. FLUID220 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... .................................... 1179 221.1. FLUID221 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... .................................... 1185 223.1. PLANE223 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ................................... 1191 226.1. SOLID226 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... .................................... 1206 227.1. SOLID227 Geometry ........................... ...................................................... ..................................... 1222 230.1. PLANE230 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ................................... 1235 230.2. PLANE230 Output ............................ ...................................................... ....................................... 1237 231.1. SOLID231 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... .................................... 1241 232.1. SOLID232 Geometry ........................... ...................................................... ..................................... 1247 233.1. PLANE233 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ................................... 1251 236.1. SOLID236 Geometry ........................... ...................................................... ..................................... 1260 237.1. SOLID237 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... .................................... 1270 238.1. PLANE238 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ................................... 1279 238.2. PLANE238 Output ............................ ...................................................... ....................................... 1281 239.1. SOLID239 Geometry ........................... ...................................................... ..................................... 1283 240.1. SOLID240 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... .................................... 1287 241.1. HSFLD241 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ................................... 1291 242.1. HSFLD242 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ................................... 1299 251.1. SURF251 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ..................................... 1305 251.2. SURF251 Elements Without Coincident Nodes ................................................... ............................ 1306 251.3. Net Radiation Heat Flux ............................ ...................................................... ............................... 1308 252.1. SURF252 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ..................................... 1309 252.2. SURF252 Elements Without Coincident Nodes ................................................... ............................ 1310 252.3. Net Radiation Heat Flux ................ ...................................................... ........................................... 1312 263.1. REINF263 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... .................................... 1313 263.2. REINF263 Coordinate System ............................................................ ............................................. 1314 263.3. REINF263 Stress Output ............................ ...................................................... ............................... 1316 264.1. REINF264 Coordinate System ............................ ...................................................... ....................... 1323 264.2. REINF264 Stress Output ............................ ...................................................... ............................... 1325 265.1. REINF265 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... .................................... 1329 265.2. REINF265 Coordinate System ............................................................ ............................................. 1331 265.3. REINF265 Stress Output ............................ ...................................................... ............................... 1334 272.1. SOLID272 Geometry (KEYOPT(2) = 3) ...................................... ...................................................... . 1337
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Element Reference
272.2. SOLID272 Stress Output ........................................... ...................................................... ............... 1340 273.1. SOLID273 Geometry (KEYOPT(2) = 3) ...................................... ...................................................... . 1345 273.2. SOLID273 Stress Output ........................................... ...................................................... ............... 1348 278.1. SOLID278 Homogeneous Thermal Solid Geometry ........................... .............................................. 1354 278.2. SOLID278 Layered Thermal Solid Geometry ............................ ...................................................... . 1358 278.3. SOLID278 Layered Thermal Solid Heat Flux/Temperature Gradient Output ...................... ................ 1361 279.1. SOLID279 homogeneous Thermal Solid Geometry ........................... .............................................. 1366 279.2. SOLID279 homogeneous Thermal Solid Temperature Gradient/Heat Flux Output ........................... 1368 279.3. SOLID279 Layered Thermal Solid Geometry ............................ ...................................................... . 1371 279.4. SOLID279 Layered Thermal Solid Temperature Gradient/Heat Flux Output ...................... ................ 1374 281.1. SHELL281 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... .................................... 1378 281.2. SHELL281 Stress Output .............. ...................................................... ............................................ 1384 285.1. SOLID285 Geometry ........................... ...................................................... ..................................... 1391 285.2. SOLID285 Stress Output ........................................... ...................................................... ............... 1393 288.1. PIPE288 Geometry ............................ ...................................................... ...................................... 1397 288.2. Transverse-Shear-Deformation Estimation .............. ....................................................... ................ 1398 288.3. Typical Cross-Section Cell ........................................... ...................................................... ............. 1401 289.1. PIPE289 Geometry ..................... ...................................................... ............................................. 1415 289.2. Transverse-Shear-Deformation Estimation ............................................ ......................................... 1416 289.3. Typical Cross-Section Cell ............................ ...................................................... ............................ 1418 290.1. ELBOW290 Geometry ........................... ...................................................... ................................... 1433 290.2. ELBOW290 Element Integration Stations ............................ ...................................................... ...... 1441 290.3. ELBOW290 Stress Output .................. ...................................................... ....................................... 1442
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Element Reference
List of Tables
3.1. Surface Loads Available in Each Discipline ............................................................. ................................ 47 3.2. Body Loads Available in Each Discipline ............................ ...................................................... ............... 48 5.1. Number of Independent Pressure Degrees of Freedom in One Element ........................... ....................... 72 5.2. Fourier Terms for General Axisymmetric Elements ........................... ....................................................... 78 5.3. Recommendation Criteria for Element Technology (Linear Material) .................................. ..................... 93 5.4. Recommendation Criteria for Element Technology (Nonlinear Materials)............................................ .... 94 5.5. Elements Supporting Linear Perturbation Analysis ........................... ...................................................... 95 5.1. SOLID5 Element Output Definitions .............................. ...................................................... ................. 117 5.2. SOLID5 Item and Sequence Numbers ............................ ...................................................... ................ 119 11.1. LINK11 Elemen