ANSYS Advantage V4 I1 2010

8/3/2019 ANSYS Advantage V4 I1 2010

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IdentIfyIng

electromagnetIc

Interference reduces rIsk

Driving vehicle

Performance

Page 9

fan of

simulation

4

weather on

mars

Page 24

e x c e l l e n c e i n e n g i n e e r i n g s i m u l a t i o n

v o l u m e i v i s s u e 1 2 0 1 0


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editorial

ANSYS Advantage • Vme IV, Isse 1, 2010 11

Simulating ProductBehavior for the Real WorldEnginees se the beadth and depth f eading simatinsftwae t pedict hw pdcts wi behave in mti-dmainpeating envinments.

Pdct behavi neay aways invves diffeent types f

physica phenmena, t ne degee anthe.

Tempeate diffeences can infence mechanica stess,

f exampe, and ai fw and a stcte may impact

acstics change stcta ading. In sme cases,

ne dmain might be s pnnced that enginees cansafey igne appximate the minima infence f

thes. In a gwing nmbe f appicatins, hweve,

simatin accacy f meeting the tight pefmance

eqiements f tday’s sphist icated pdcts

demands that pdct devepes cnside the effects f

mtipe dmains.

Meeting sch chaenges pses big pbems if y

simatin ts ack sfficient capabiities t hande

mti-dmain appicatins. In many cases, cdes may

have ny dimentay fnctinaity in citica aeas, cnky

intefaces that make the sftwae diffict t n,

incmpatibiities that pevent the smth exchange fdata needed between sepaate packages. As a est,

simatin pedictins may be gssy inaccate; then

deadines sip, pdcts fai t pefm as they shd,

and nmes hadwae pttype cyces ae needed t

hiedy fix ast-minte gitches that shd nt have

cced in the fist pace.

In cntast, an integated site f sftwae with

technica depth in mtipe simatin dmains and ich

fnctinaity acss a bad ange f discipines pvides

a sid fndatin f handing these types f stins.

The cent isse f this magazine has exceent exampes

f cmpanies ptting sch techngy t wk inea-wd appicatins.

As tined in the atice “Diving Vehice Pefmance,”

Genea Mts enginees deveped the Chevy Vt

eectic ca sing fid dynamics sftwae fm ANSYS f

a wide ange f stdies, incding bdy aedynamics,

aifw thgh the gie, cing dag and sizing the heat

exchange. The engineeing team thee as eveaged the

sftwae t ptimize cmpnents n the vehices.

The atice “Wd-Cass Cmpsites Anaysis by

Ainghi” descibes hw acing yacht designes tk

advantage f cmpatibiity between sves by pefmingstcta anaysis n the cmpsite aminate h and

a the vesse cmpnents sing ANSYS stcta

sftwae, which was cped with fw anaysis f hyd-

dynamic stdies sing ANSYS fid dynamics sftwae.

An enginee at ITT Acstica Senss athed the

atice “Fishing with Mtiphysics” t ept n wk sing

sftwae fm ANSYS in diect cped-fied simatin

invving piezeectic, acstic and mechanica anaysis

t ptimize the designs f ndewate tansdces f

mniting hge fishing tawe nets.

Thee ae many me exampes in this isse — and a

mtitde f appicatins in the engineeing cmmnity —in which cmpanies pefm mti-dmain simatins

with the ANSYS integated site f state-f-the-at

techngies. Cmpanies cd ty t get by with ess-

capabe ts, pehaps as they’ve dne in the past. Bt

thee is mch at stake tday, fm ctm battes t

newspape headines t spe-cmpetitive makets. S

cpate exectives, engineeing manages and the

decisin makes mst ask themseves if sing ess than

the best-avaiabe simatin techngy is wth the

gambe that nthing wi g teiby wng. n

Jhn Kse

Senior Editor and Industry Analyst

i m a g e © s o

c p h o o . c o m / z g g y m a j .



features5 electromagnetic interference

Avoiding the Perils of Electromagnetic Interference Identifying EMI early in development helps prevent future risk and related

high costs after products are shipped and in use.

7 Simulation-Driven Design for Hybrid and Electric Vehicles Simulation helps to identify and correct EMC/EMI problems early

in the development of innovative, next-generation vehicles.

9 automotive

Driving Vehicle Performance

Simulation helps to reduce drag and improve acoustic performanceof cars, including an electric vehicle.

11 Quest for the 200-mpg Car A revolutionary internal combustion engine gives rise to a supermileage

vehicle with the potential to transform automotive design.

14 turbomachinery

Fan of Simulation Voith Turbo reduces costs while developing quiet fans

by simulating a complete railcar cooling system.

17 electronics

Fishing with Multiphysics Direct coupled-field simulation, including piezoelectric, acoustic and mechanical analysis,

enables engineers to tune transducer performance for monitoring huge trawler nets.

SIMulATIoN@WorK

20 mining

It’s a Blast Technology from ANSYS helps to optimize the precise timing

of delayed detonations to get the biggest bang for the buck

in the mining industry.

22 automotive

Driving for DurabilityE-Z-GO engineers quickly and accurately design a reliable

utility vehicle part that saves manufacturing costs.

24 scientific instruments

How’s the Weather on Mars? Simulations are critical for calibration of instruments as well as fast

and accurate interpretation of data from the Phoenix Mars Lander.

26 scientific equipment

Exploring the Dark Side of the Universe Engineers at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory use ANSYS technology

in developing a precision camera for studying the far reaches of the universe.

24

22

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table of contents

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Table of Contents

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table of contents

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28 energy

Maintaining PowerA Brazilian power generation company expects to decrease maintenance

downtime by identifying the cause of wall erosion in a coal boiler.

30 built environment

Win, Set and Match at Wimbledon ANSYS software verifies the design of the innovative retractable roof

at Wimbledon by simulating the opening and closing mechanisms.

departments

31 analysis tools

Solutions for PCB Electromagnetic Interference Simulation Driven Product Development aids designers of printed

circuit boards in meeting electromagnetic compatibility requirements.

34 Predicting Circuit Board Hot Spotswith Electrothermal CosimulationMultiphysics analysis with SIwave and ANSYS Icepak accurately

determines thermal distribution on complex PCBs.

37 Boosting Memory Capacity with SSDs

Solid-state drives are a cost-effective way to add fast memory to workstations.

38 academic

Students Win Using Simulation-Driven Design Affiliation with ANSYS helps the University of Waterloo Formula Motorsports team win

an award for an innovative air intake design at the Formula SAE Michigan 2009 competition.

40 Teaching Simulation to Future Engineers ANSYS Workbench facilitates integration of simulation into the engineering curriculum.

42 partners

World-Class Composites Analysis by AlinghiEmbracing Simulation Driven Product Development, Team Alinghi

created their 33rd America’s Cup yacht.

44 Getting Out All the Breaks Pratt & Miller get ahead of the race by redesigning a brake pedal

using ANSYS with fe-safe fatigue analysis software.

46 tips and tricks

Topology PersistenceStreamline the innovative design process using direct CAD interfaces.

48 Best of Both Worlds: Combining APDL withANSYS Workbench for Structural Simulations

Using ANSYS Workbench techniques with APDL deliversthe most benefit from ANSYS structural mechanics solutions.

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table of contents

4

For ANSYS, Inc. sales information,

call 1.866.267.9724Email the editorial staff at

[email protected].

Executive EditorFran Hensler

Managing EditorChris Reeves

Senior Editor and Industry AnalystJohn Krouse

Art DirectorDan Hart

EditorsErik Ferguson

Shane MoeykensMark Ravenstahl

Ad Sales ManagerHelen Renshaw

Editorial ContributorNorth America

Support and Services

Editorial AdvisorTom Smithyman

DesignerMiller Creative Group

Circulation ManagerSharon Everts

Neithe ANSYS, Inc. n the seni edit n Mie CeativeGp gaantees waants accacy cmpeteness fthe mateia cntained in this pbicatin.

ANSYS, ANSYS Wkbench, Ansft Designe, CFX, AuToDYN, FluENT, GAMBIT, PolYFloW, Aipak,

DesignSpace, FIDAP, Ftan, Icebad, Icechip, Icemax,

Icepak, FWizad, FloWlAB, G/Tb, MixSim, Nexxim, Q3D

Extact, Maxwe, Simpe, Mechanica, Pfessina,

Stcta, DesignMdee, TGid, AI*Envinment, ASAS,

AQWA, AtreaGas, Bademdee, DesignXpe, Dp

Test, ED, Engineeing Knwedge Manage, Emag, Fatige,

Icep, Icewave, Mesh Mphe, PaaMesh, TAS, TASSTrESS,

TASFET, TbGid, Vista, VT Acceeat, CADoE, CSim,

SIwave, Tb Package Anayze, rMxpt, PExpt, HFSS,

F-Wave SPICE, VeifEye, QickEye, optimetics, TPA,

Ansftlinks, ePhysics, Simatin Diven Pdct

Devepment, Smat Engineeing Simatin and any and a

ANSYS, Inc. band, pdct, sevice, and feate names, gs

and sgans ae egisteed tademaks tademaks f

ANSYS, Inc. its sbsidiaies cated in the united States

the cnties. ICEM CFD is a tademak icensed by ANSYS,

Inc. A the band, pdct, sevice and feate names

tademaks ae the ppety f thei espective wnes.

About the Cover As industrial and consumer productscontain an increasing number ofelectronic components, electromagneticinterference can put both consumersand companies at risk. Related featurearticles discuss the value of earlysimulation to avoid EMI problems. Articles begin on page 5.

ANSYS, Inc.Sthpinte

275 Techngy DiveCannsbg, PA 15317

u.s.a.

WEB EXCluSIVESThese additional articles are available on www.ansys.com/exclusives/110.

academic

Where Do You Go When the Volcano Blows?When a volcano erupts explosively, it can generate pyroclastic flows, which are extremely

dangerous, turbulent, and super-heated currents that can travel at speeds up to 650 mph

and spread to cities hundreds of miles from their source. Researchers from the University of

Bari in Italy used fluid flow simulation software to model the interaction between a pyroclastic

flow and a single equilateral building. The team’s goal was to calculate the local flow field to

quantify the volcanic hazard, laying the groundwork for future studies in determining risk and

hazards prevention.

analysis tools

HFSS 12.0

This industry-standard RF and microwave simulation solution delivers significant new domaindecomposition technology for high-performance computing as well as other key performance-

related updates. The power of the HFSS product comes from many research and development

innovations, which have made it the most widely used software for solving 3-D full-wave

electromagnetic field simulations.

turbomachinery

Avoiding Stressed-Out Steam TurbinesSome of the most highly stressed parts of steam turbines in electrical power generation

systems are bladed disks — especially last-stage low-pressure blades that undergo the

greatest centrifugal force and bending produced in the entire turbine. Cracks can start at high-

stress locations and propagate, causing fatigue failure and turbine shutdown. Researchers at

Triveni Engineering and Industries Ltd., headquartered in India, are addressing some of the

challenges associated with optimizing blade designs using engineering simulation software.

industrial equipment

Gearing Up for Better MeasurementFlow meters measure fluid flow characteristics such as volumetric flow rates, pressures,

temperatures and material concentrations. Such measurement systems must be robust

and reliable, and they need to provide precise information. German manufacturer VSE

Volumentechnik GmbH uses engineering simulation software to develop more reliable

positive-displacement instruments through reduction of vibration, noise and pressure loss.

partners

Mesh Morphing Accelerates Design Optimization

When updating a component’s shape or position in a fluid dynamics parametric study, oneapproach is to update the initial geometry, remesh the entire domain and then rerun the

analysis. A time-saving viable alternative is to modify the mesh and rerun the flow analysis

without going back to the geometry step until the optimum configuration is determined.

This process requires using a mesh morpher tool. ANSYS software partner RBF Morph has

developed such a product, which interfaces with ANSYS FLUENT software for solving a wide

range of industrial applications.


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electromagnetic interference

5

Avoiding the Perils ofElectromagnetic InterferenceIdentifying EMI eay in devepment heps pevent fte iskand eated high csts afte pdcts ae shipped and in se.

By John Krouse, Senior Editor and Industry Analyst

Spe-phnes, GPS systems, e-eades, pcket-size

cmptes and the eectnics-based pdcts nhead

f yeas ag ae nw cmmnpace. Ftheme,

taditinay a-mechanica pdcts sch as cas, panes,

hme appiances and machine ts nw have inceasing

eves f eectnic cicity. Atmbies in patica have

been descibed as “cmptes n whees” becase s

many fnctins depend n eectnics, incding

diagnstics, engine cnt, baking and stabiity systems.

The maket f these eectnics-based end pdcts is

hge, with eectnics indsty evene estimated t be

$1.8 tiin in 2009.The bsiness dive f this pifeatin f eectnics

int sch a bad ange f appicatins is the sccess

and widespead se f semicndcts. These mateias

enabe pdcts t have geate and geate eves f

cmpex and highy cstmizabe fnctinaity at an

affdabe cst in smae and smae packages. In

patica, embedded inteigence in eectnics has

awed manfactes t pack npecedented eves f

feates and fnctins int pdcts, t penetate new

makets with innvative pdcts, and t ceate niqe

casses f pdcts that nce wee nimaginabe witht

tday’s advanced inteigent eectnics.

Bt thee is a catch. Designing this expanding ange

f smat pdcts eqies caef cnsideatin f faiy

cmpex eectmagnetic fied effects t avid maj

pbems in high-speed data channes. Mtifnctin ce

phnes, Wi-Fi-enabed aptps and the tansmitting

devices can intefee with snding eqipment if the

fy f taffic n these data spehighways is t stng

t cwded in a naw feqency ange.

Meve, nintended eectmagnetic intefeence(EMI) fm high eves f data being switched at vey fast

speeds in these eectnic pdcts has the ptentia

t case mafnctins within the device as we as in

snding eqipment. Intefeence with signas n high-

speed data channes in these pdcts can case a

manne f pbems, fm nisances sch as backgnd

nise n wieess phnes t ptentiay disasts signa

anmaies in citica cnt cicity in cas, panes and

medica eqipment, f exampe.


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S widespead and ptentiay damaging ae the

effects f EMI that eectnics-based pdcts mst meet

inceasingy stict gvenment, intenatina and indsty

eectmagnetic cmpatibiity (EMC) standads. Faie tcmpy with these egatins caies stiff penaties and

may est in pdcts being banned in cetain cnties

being at the cente f gvenment investigatins, s

manfactes ndestandaby ae aways cncened that

thei pdcts meet these standads. Detemining EMC/

EMI is nt say a staightfwad cacatin, hweve,

in age pat becase f the tansient nate f

eectmagnetic emissins, which can depend n inte-

dependent eectica, mechanica and thema facts.

optimizing a design and ensing that emissins d

nt exceed pemissibe theshds ae diffict mti-

discipinay engineeing chaenges invving cnsideabetade-ffs. In deveping a high-end cmpte seve, f

exampe, the design team mst decide n ai vent

pacement by baancing thema and EMC effects, since

the ai vent can impve ai cicatin bt as pvide an

escape path f eectmagnetic waves. likewise, heat

sinks can incease heat tansfe fm chips int the ai,

bt they wi as incease pdct weight, size and

eectmagnetic emissins, becase heat sinks behave ike

intena antennas. likewise, fans incease ai cicatin bt

as heighten eectmagnetic backgnd nise.

Pedicting eectmagnetic emissin eves witht

the se f simatin is extemey diffict de t the

cmpexity f the age nmbes f intena and extena

signas impacting the eectnics device system.

Witht simatin, cacatins ae dne sing gss

appximatins and vesimpificatins that can ead t

incect ests. Sch ests becme evident ny when

cmpaed t tests n the acta hadwae pttypes,

pefmed ate in the design cyce. At this pint, sevea

bid–test–edesign iteatins say mst be pefmed

befe emissin eves ae weed sfficienty. Ding this

ate devepment stage, design changes becme

extemey expensive, and deays can ead t evenesses. As the windws f pptnity cse, cmpetits

win the ace t get pdcts t maket fist.

Wse yet, cmpanies may ttay negect t pefm

sfficient eves f eectmagnetic simatin ding

devepment, instead sing the techngy as a fensic

t in anayzing the cases f mafnctining pdcts

afte they ae bit, shipped, sd and in se by

cstmes. In these cases, csts can becme gigantic f

waanty mdificatins, pdct ecas, awsits,

damaged band vae and nfavabe pbicity that canhant a cmpany f yeas. Csts meased in the biins

f das can cc. N fim with eectnics-based

pdcts is immne — n matte hw age it is, hw ng

it has been in bsiness, hw favabe its image in the

eye f the pbic.

one f the mst effective ways f aviding sch

peventabe caamities is t se eectmagnetic emissin

and signa ppagatin ts p fnt in devepment

befe hadwae is bit. In these eay stages, enginees

have time t anayze ptentia pbems, evaate

atenative designs, and make changes eativey inexpen-

sivey and in a timey manne. Meve, engineeingsimatin ts that accnt f eectica, thema,

mechanica, magnetic and fid effects can be sed in

paae t ptimize pdct pefmance in ight f these

vais inteeated physics whie ensing that appicabe

emc .

using an integated site f sch ts, enginees can

accatey pedict EMC/EMI eves as we as tace any

pbem back t the physica ayt f the device. Then

key paametes in the mdes can be changed and the

designs stdied in a seies f simatins pefmed

nti eectmagnetic emissins ae within acceptabe

imits. using sch a pcess, enginees can expe

what-if scenais and aive at an ptimized design. The

atice “Simatin-Diven Design f Hybid and Eectic

Vehices” in this isse descibes sch techngies and

hw they can be appied in identifying and cecting

EMC/EMI pbems eay in design.

In this way, cmpanies can tiize eectmagnetic

simatin in saving time and mney ve pttype

testing and, pehaps mst imptant, in aviding the

massive peis f eectmagnetic emissin pbems

sfacing in pdcts aeady in se. Indeed, the etn n

investment f sing simatin techngy in sch afnt-end appach is hge. The atenative is cetainy

a isk nt wth taking when the benefits f Simatin

Diven Pdct Devepment have been s ceay

demnstated at cmpanies with the gd sense and

fesight t eveage sch a we-pven techngy in

the design cyce. n



Simulation-Driven Design forHybrid and Electric VehiclesSimatin heps t identify and cect EMC/EMI pbems eayin the devepment f innvative, next-geneatin vehices.

By Scott Stanton, Technical Director of Advanced Technology Initiatives

and Mark Ravenstahl, Director of Marketing and Communications, Ansoft product group, ANSYS, Inc.

In the highy cmpetitive hybid eectic and eectic

vehice (HEV/EV) maket, pwetain enginees ae

chaenged t incease system efficiency, stabiity and

eiabiity. Pwe invetes pay a citica e in pwe-

tain systems. Typicay cmpising six insated-gate

bipa tansist (IGBT) mdes in a 4-inch by 6-inch

package, these devices switch hndeds f amps feectica cent n and ff vey apidy t pvide ac

pwe f the mt, cnt eectnics and the

systems. IGBT switching feqencies can ange fm

tens t hndeds f kHz, with tn-n ise times and tn-

ff fa times in the de f 50 t 100 nansecnds.

The fast switching speed f these devices makes

IGBTs extemey effective in pwe invete systems, bt

this switching speed is as the sce f tw maj

eectmagnetic pbems. Cndcted emissins (thgh

cent-caying stctes) ae geneay ess than 30 MHz

and can case pwe integity isses set p efected

waves f enegy that can ptentiay damage the inveteand the mt. radiated eectmagnetic fieds (thgh

ai) ae geneay geate than 30 MHz and can affect the

est f the vehice’s many eectnic systems.

Bth types f intefeence pbems mst be

cnsideed in meeting the eqied gvenment and

ANSYS provides a comprehensive set of simulation software to

study a wide range of electromagnetic and multiphysics behaviors

found in hybrid, electric and conventional vehicle designs.

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7




ANSYS Advantage • © 2010 ansys, Inc.8

intenatina vehice eectmagnetic emissin standads,

s enginees espnsibe f pwe invete systems mst

design f eectmagnetic cmpatibiity/eectmagneticintefeence (EMC/EMI) in the fndamenta achitecte

f that system. This can be accmpished ny by fist

sving f the ndeying physics that gven the

behavi f EMC/EMI and then eveaging thse stins

acss cicits and systems. This simatin-diven

appach has the advantage f addessing the eect-

magnetic isses that mst be taken int accnt,

incding eectica cent qaity, pwe dissipatin and

the efficiency f the vea system.

Typicay, pefming these cacatins sing inea

cicit eements and simpe cicit sves eqies

nmes gss appximatins and vey simpifiedassmptins. By skipping the ccia step f simating

the ndeying physics, hweve, ests wi nt be

cect, and sevea hadwae pttype test-and-

edesign cyces may be cmpeted befe satisfacty

pefmance is achieved. In mst cases, these testing

cyces cannt take pace nti ate in the design pcess,

when csts can escaate significanty and deays

can ead t missed maket pptnities. Pedicting

tday’s eectmagnetic effects in the eay stages f

devepment, befe the pwe invete is bit, is vitay

impssibe witht the se f mtiphysics simatin.

A f ange f sch mtiphysics ts f stdying the

eectmagnetic behavi f eqipment sch as IGBTs is

avaiabe in the Ansft site f sftwae, which speciaizes

in eectmagnetic fied simatin as we as cicit and

system simatin. Ansft ts paticay sef in

pwe invete devepment incde:

• Simpe — a mti-dmain cicit and system

simat that can easiy integate cmpnents

acss eectica, thema, mechanica, magnetic

and fidic dmains

• Q3D Extact — a qasi-static cmptatina

fied sve f the cacatin f feqency- dependent esistance, indctance, capacitance

and cndctance paametes f cent-

caying stctes

• HFSS — a finite eement–based f-wave sve

f extacting paasitic paametes and visaizing

3-D eectmagnetic fieds

T accatey chaacteize the behavi f a switching

device sch as an IGBT, enginees typicay begin by sing

a paameteizatin wizad that takes int accnt pef-

mance cves and taba data fm specificatin sheets

avaiabe fm the vend. This pcess atmaticayextacts the eqied paametes (appximatey 140)

t aid in ceating a semicndct cicit mde f the

IGBT — instead f having t pefm this task manay.

Next, the physica ayt f the pwe invete

is impted fm a CAD gemety ayt t int

the Q3D Extact t. Fm the physica ayt,

Q3D Extact cmptes the feqency-dependent

esistance, patia indctance and capacitance (rlC)

ang the cndctin paths. Enginees then se the t

t ceate an eqivaent cicit mde f the system sim-

atin in Simpe sftwae. once this epesentatin

is ceated, it can be sed in cnjnctin with the semi-

cndct cicit mde t ceate an eecticay

cmpete mde f the IGBT. This can be sed with

the pwe sce, cnt system and ad t anayze

cndcted emissins.

The ests f these simatins can be sed with

HFSS sftwae t examine adiated emissins — a

patica cncen cnsideing the feqency hamnics

ceated as a cnseqence f the fast tn-n/tn-ff

times. T detemine this effect, ests fm the Simpe

t can be sed as inpt t the HFSS f-wave eect-

magnetic sve. The enginee then can btain a cmpete

ndestanding f adiated fieds and can cacate the

intensity at any given pint in space t detemine if

the invete package is in cmpiance with standads.

using this appach, the enginee can se Ansft

ts t design f EMC/EMI pbems in the invetesystem and tace the sce f the behavi back t

the physica ayt f the device. The design can then

be paameticay vaied and a seies f simatins

pefmed nti cndcted and adiated eectmagnetic

emissin eves ae within acceptabe imits. The vae

f the methd is that, nce the mdes and vais

epesentatins ae cmpete, they can be eadiy

mdified by changing a few key paametes, which aws

enginees t stdy vais atenatives and expe a wide

ange f what-if scenais. The appach pvides a

design that is within specificatins and entiey ptimized

— a befe a singe piece f hadwae is bit. In this way,the mtiphysics-based simatin appach saves time

and mney cmpaed t biding and testing pttypes,

and it enabes cmpanies t beat the cmpetitin t

maket with bette designed pdcts. n

Q3D Extractor model indicates current distribution of an IGBT package.



automotive

9

Driving VehiclePerformanceSimatin heps t edce dagand impve acstic pefmancef cas, incding an eectic vehice.

By ansys avg Staff

A maj atmbie manfacte

sed a cmbinatin f a wind tnne

and fid fw simatin t edce the

vehice dag f a new pggabe

eectica vehice. The at cmpany

fnd that cmptat ina f id

dynamics (CFD) pvides aifw

anaysis ests faste, deiveing the

abiity t se me gemetic detai

than is pactica with a cay mde

and enhanced fw visaizatin

capacity and the vehice f diag-nstic ppses. The cmbinatin f

wind tnne testing and CFD made it

feasibe t achieve aggessive ange

and fe ecnmy tagets.

The aedynamics team stats

with cncepts and ideas pvided

by the design stdi. The pcess

begins with a cnsideabe amnt f

inteactin between the stdi and

the aedynamicists. The designes

wk t peseve the theme f the

vehice, and the aedynamicists

pvide feedback n shape changes

and mdificatins that cd be

sed t edce the vehice’s dag. The

bk f the wind tnne testing is

pefmed n a ne-thid–scae cay

mde that is cntinay mdified t

evaate vais design atenatives.

“Whie the wind tnne pays the

pimay e in the aedynamic

design pcess, we find seves in

sitatins in which wind tnnetesting des nt make sense, eithe

becase thee is nt engh time t

pefm tests becase we can’t

bid a cay mde f the gemety t

the eve f detai that we need,” said

Ken Kabn, staff enginee f Genea

Mts. “In these sitatins and

thes, we se ANSYS FluENT fid

dynamics sftwae t simate

aedynamic pefmance.” Kabn

added that his team can easiy set p

an atmatic batch n t evaate

sevea hnded diffeent fnt-end

aifw cnfigatins ve a weekend

— nattended. Fid dynamics

simatin as pvides the abiity t

mde the ndehd gemety t a

mch highe eve f detai and within

a me easnabe peid f time than

is pssibe with a physica mde.

T edce the time eqied t

anayze the age nmbe f iteatins

needed t ptimize a design, anefficient simatin pcess is sed t

atmate a cnsideabe ptin f

the mde setp pcess. This makes

it pssibe t semi-atmaticay n

many test pints witht se inte-

actin. F exampe, enginees can

wap a wkfw tkit and the

fid dynamics sftwae that gides

the se thgh pe-pcessing,

meshing, case pepaatin, jb

sbmissin, pst-pcessing and

epting. The mdes geneay ae

sbmitted t a high-pefmance

cmpting cste bit and IBM

PoWEr6™ bades. Enginees tiize

these capabiities with design f

CFD was used extensively to develop the front-end cooling airflow

characteristics of the Volt.

Volt external aerodynamics simulation using CFD



automotive

10

expeiments (DoE) design f six

sigma t expe age design spaces

and identify the gba ptimmig.

In the case f the Chevy Vt,

aedynamics enginees btained

CAD data fm the design stdi

in Siemens NX™ fmat. The team

sed the fid dynamics sftwae’s

pe-pcess capabiities t bid a

tetaheda hex-ce mesh f the

vme snding the vehice’s

te sface with a pism aye next

t the bdy t capte bnday-aye

gadients. Vmetic efinement wassed t capte gadients in the

aeas f inteest, sch as the wake

and stagnatin pints. Bnday

cnditins wee defined t match the

wind tnne.

“F the stying sfaces, we

appied cassic atmtive ae-

dynamics best pactices by ensing

smth, cntins aifw and

the vehice,” Kabn said. “We

entained smke in the wind tnne

t pvide a high-eve macscpic

picte f fw diectin. Fid fw

simatin aws s t see mch

me than cd eve be btained

fm physica testing, sch as

pesse diffeentias fe and aft

f ndebdy cmpnents . In

genea, we pay cse attentin t

age sepaatin pints vtex

stctes cming ff the vehice,

becase they ceate a significant

dag penaty. We as taget veycean sepaatin fm the back f

the vehice.”

Fid dynamics anaysis payed the

pimay e in designing the gie,

adiat and eated cmpnents

t btain the ight amnt f aifw

thgh the gie t diect the

aifw whee it is needed and t

minimize cing dag. “We ked at

the pesse and vecity pfies t

ndestand hw the ai cmes thgh

the gie penings. We needed tmake se we wee getting engh

vme f ai t meet the mst

demanding engine cing ad

cases, sch as diving the ca thgh

Death Vaey deset,” Kabn said.

T sve specific pbems,

enginees ceated age aays

cnsisting f hndeds f design

vaiatins and tiized paae batch,

scheme and jna pcessing t

qicky anayze a f them. This made

it pssibe t qicky mde vais

design detais sch as gie penings,

gie texte, ai dams, heat exchange

size and psitin, and seaing andbaffing ndeneath the hd.

The engineeing team as sed

fid dynamics simatin t mitigate

and ptimize wind nise assciated

with the wipe bades n the Cadiac

CTS, CTS Wagn and SrX. They

fist detemined pesse and fw

vecity geneated by the wipes

ding the cncept design phase.

This infmatin was sed as inpt

t sftwae that pedicts acstic

pefmance. The abiity t evaatewind nise at an eay stage f

the design pcess heped avid

ate-stage pbems that wd have

been csty t cect.

Fid dynamics anaysis as

pedicts wind ads n vehice

cmpnents sch as snfs and

windws, especiay nde csswind

cnditins. This infmatin is fed int

stcta anaysis pgams sed

t ense that a cmpnents meet

high-speed eqiements. CFD as

estimates the tempeate and qaity

f ndehd aifw t the pwe-

tain indctin system.“CFD pays a vita e in ae-

dynamic and acstic design by

highighting the aeas we need t

wk n and by pviding diagnstic

infmatin that we cannt btain in

the wind tnne,” Kabn cncded.

“The techngy makes it pssibe t

qicky evaate hndeds f designs

in batch pcesses t expe the

cmpete design space s that

we knw we have the best pssibe

design. F exampe, this pcessmade it pssibe t edce dag fm

stat t finish.” n

Surface restrict particle traces indicate how the Volt's body sides and wheel arches were

streamlined, resulting in lower aerodynamic drag while maintaining the design theme.

Before

After



Quest for the 200-mpg Car A evtinay intena cmbstin engine gives ise t a spemieagevehice with the ptentia t tansfm atmtive design.

By Heinz-Gustav Reisser, CEO, Niama-Reisser, LLC, Coshocton, U.S.A.

The N-r 1 spemieage vehice is

expected t pefm at an extemey

high eve f efficiency: tanspting

f adts 200 mies at 70 mies

pe h n ny ne gan f fe.

This vehice and its engine, pat f

the evtinay famiy f high-

efficiency Centifga Heinz Bxe

(CHB) engines, ae being deveped

by Niama-reisse, llC, in theui s.

Niama-reisse is a vehice and

ppsin sevice cmpany with a

dedicated engineeing depatment

speciaizing in cnsting, eseach and

devepment f intena cmbstin

engine design, maj sbsystems

and entie vehices. utiizing ANSYS

FluENT sftwae f fid fw and

ANSYS Mechanica techngy f

stcta and thema simatins,

the cmpany ffes a wide ange f

sevices f cstm engineeing

pjects. It as cndcts nging

eseach and devepment pjects

n innvative cncepts.

In deveping the spemieage

vehice, enginees sed ANSYS

FluENT sftwae t detemine dag

cefficient f mtipe vesins f

the N-r 1 vehice bdy she, savings ign i f icant t ime and expense

cmpaed t biding and testing

nmes physica pttypes.

Expeimenta wind-tnne ests

csey vaidated anaysis tpt and

enabed enginees t aive at an

aedynamicay ptimized design.

using the sftwae, the devepment

team weed the dag cefficient

fm 0.33 f the initia vehice bdy

she design t ess than 0.28 f thecent ptimized design.

The CHB engine beas i t t e

simiaity t taditina intena

cmbstin engines, in which

pistns mve p and dwn

in a ecipcating inea

mtin. In cntast, a

set f ppsing ts-

shaped pistns in the

CHB sci a te in

o o io .

Inceased efficiency is

attained sing tw cm-

pessin stkes pe cmbstin

chambe t tate the cank shaft. In

additin, a patented kinematic cnt

mechanism and inkage ate the

Prototype CHB engine attains high efficiency

with on-the-fly adaptive compression ratio,

engineered composite material components

and fewer parts.

Stress distribution of the CHB engine housing

overlaid on the geometry and mesh of the

ANSYS Mechanical model

engine’s cmpessin ati n the fy

whie in peatin. Pefmance is

fthe bsted thgh the se f

engineeed cmpsite mateias that

eqie n bicatin iqid cant

t maintain ppe peating tempe-

ates. Fewe mving pats, sch as

wist pins, vaves, wate pmp and i

pmp, ead t a 30 pecent edced

pat cnt and an inceased engine

pwe-t-weight ati.

Fluid flow analysis helped engineers to

reduce drag coefficients on the prototype

N-R 1 body shell.

ANSYS Advantage • Vme IV, Isse 1, 2010www..o

automotive

11

i m a g e © s o

c p h o o . c o m / n a r v .



automotive

12

T stdy the cmbstin andthema behavi f the CHB, engi-

nees sed pedefined defats t

ceate a mving and defming mesh

(MDM) t set p in-cyinde gas fw

chaacteistics f mtipe fid

stcte inteactin (FSI) anayses. In

these stdies, mass ai fw was

detemined efficienty sing cmpex

ANSYS FluENT anaysis f me

than 12 miin eements. With this fid

mde, enginees cd effectivey

anayze in-cyinde cmbstin t

achieve a hmgenes mixte and

ptima bn. This, in tn, yieded the

highest-pssibe efficiency f a given

fe mixte.

ANSYS Mechanica sftwae

was as an intega pat f the CHB

devepment efft. In ne stage f

the pject, the engineeing team

sed the sftwae t anayze pistn

stesses whie appying eaistic

ads nt the pistn face and

In-cylinder gas flow characteristics simulated with CFD

Mass air flow represented in cylinder liners

for heat distribution purposes

Engineers used ANSYS Mechanical software to determine stress distribution in engineered

composite material pistons, which oscillate in a rotary motion.

incpating fictina cefficientsbetween the cyinde be and the

pistn mante. In patica, enginees

fcsed n engineeed cmpsite

mateia cmpnents t detemine

the feasibiity f vais designs and

t identify imminent stcta faie.

In these cases, when cmpsite

mateia cmpnents ae stdied in

eatin t adjacent meta pats,

cntact eements wee sef in

mdeing tching pats f dissimia

mateias. As, paameteizatin f

simatin mdes and bidiectina

cnnectivity with CAD sftwae wee

imptant t efect changes in

cmpnents’ dimensins s that

sensitivity stdies cd detemine

the best design in tems f pef-

mance, eiabiity and mateia csts.

This appach saves cnsideabe

time in physica pttype testing and

eads t ptima designs that ae

impactica t expe with mckps.

In this anaysis, the enginees

impted cmpnent gemety fm

the CAD system sing the ANSYSDesignMdee t. This techngy

was fast, seamess and hepf in

tasks sch as sface spitting t

pepae the gemety f meshing.

The simatin mde was ceated

sing mtipe settings sch as

tetaheda hex-dminant meshes

made with the ANSYS Wkbench

meshing appicatin. Bnday

cnditins (cnstaints, cntacts,

jints, ads, etc.) wee then definedsing ANSYS Mechanica techngy.

Fwing the stcta anaysis

stage, enginees sed the engineeed

cmpsite mateia cmpnent’s

m de g en e a t ed by AN SYS

Wkbench f an ANSYS Mechanica

thema anaysis. De t the diffeence

in expansin cefficients, this is vey

imptant f appicatins in which

cyinde ines ae cmpsed f

cmmn meta ays. The simatin

is pefmed t ense ppe pistn–

be gapping ding nma peating

tempeates, which ange fm 450

degees t 1,100 degees C.

Enginees fnd the se-

fiendiness and speed f ANSYS

Mechanica t be tw f the mst

imptant advantages f pdcts

fm ANSYS. The esting efficiency

in sftwae se awed the Niama-

reisse engineeing depatment t

eadiy cndct a seies f iteative



automotive

13

simatins t efine the design, ths

aviding nmes tia-and-e

pttype test cyces. Indeed, pt-typing csts — pimaiy in the

devepment f the CHB engine

fami y — have been edced

60 pecent since the intdctin f

ANSYS pdcts at the cmpany.

Niama-reisse has empyed

ANSYS Mechanica capabiities f a

wide ange f the pjects with

significant advantages ve the

pevisy sed stcta anaysis

sftwae. In stcta beam appi-catins, stin times have been

typicay edced 70 pecent t 100

pecent with ANSYS Mechanica,

which as pvides mch faste and

me stabe pbem cnfigatins.

These advantages wee evident in

yet anthe appicatin, an innvative

tw-in-ne taie design that seves

as a gseneck taie cnnected t

a tck bed an attchment t adead-weight “bmpe taie” hitch.

The pevis anaysis sftwae pat-

fm had difficties in ceating the

3-mm fine mesh needed f detaied

anaysis; the pgam cashed ften

Structural beam analysis of two-in-one trailer design

becase f ng cmpte times

and meshing difficties. Meve,

mtipe sepaate steps had t be

pefmed t set p a cyindica

cdinate system necessay fthe anaysis. In cntast, ANSYS

Mechanica sftwae pvided the

cean, staightfwad se inteface

eqied t easiy set p sch

pbems with the cick f a mse. n

Selecting the Right Software for the Job

Niama-reisse an sbstantia benchmaking tcmpae cmptatina fid dynamics (CFD)

sftwae ffeings and seected the ANSYS FluENT

pgam f wk sch as detemining dag

cefficients f vehice aedynamics and anayzing

fid fw inside engine cy indes f pistn

cing stdies.

Fluid dynamics studies helped lower drag coefficients

for vehicle body shell.

otstanding cstme sppt fm ANSYStechnica sppt staff in these cmpex appicatins

and sbseqent exceptina fid fw simatin

ests gave enginees high cnfidence in pdcts

fm ANSYS. The sccesses with fid fw appi-

catins pmpted Niama-reisse t switch fm a

CAD-based finite eement package t ANSYS

Mechanica sftwae f stcta and thema

anaysis. The p-ANSYS decisin was based n

sevea cmpeing easns, incding:

• Sbstantiay deceased pcessing times with

ANSYS sftwae, typicay beynd 50 pecent

• Bette meshing capabiities egading impved

eement tansitining and highe mesh

densities in detaied egins f the mde

• Abiity t hande age assembies efficienty

with high-pefmance cmpting

• Bad base f integated stins in the

ANSYS pdct ptfi

• Staightfwad inteface and ease f se in

appying feates f cmpex pbems



Fan of SimulationVith Tb edces csts whie deveping qiet fansby simating a cmpete aica cing system.

By Bernd Horlacher and Steffen Kämmerer, Development Engineers, Voith Turbo, Crailsheim, Germany

At cetain peating cnditins, the

highest nise eves in ai vehices

cme nt fm the engine bt fm

the cing nits, especiay the

fans. Inceasingy sticte exhast

egatins and gwing tpt

eqiements ca f highe and highe

cing pefmance, which cd

ead t geate nise ptin. Vith

Tb in Gemany deveped a pan taddess these cmpeting paametes

in the ai indsty.

Vith Tb is a eading cmpany

speciaizing in pwe tansmissin

sed in indsty as we as n the

ad, ais and wate. Eqipment fm

Vith Tb Cing Systems, a divi-

sin f Vith Tb, peates safey

and eiaby in aicas and c-

mtives a ve the wd, incding

high-speed tains (diese–hydaic,

diese–eectic and eectic). Thesecing systems, sed t c diese

engines, tansmissins, tansfmes,

invetes, thttes and dive mts,

eqie an indced ai mass fw that

is ceated sing high-capacity fans.

one disadvantage f cassic fan

design is that excessive nise is

emitted at tatina speeds f

3,500 pm and bade tip vecities

p t 360 km/h. T edce the snd

eve, enginees fm Vith Tb

Cing Systems and eseaches at

the univesity f Siegen in Gemany

deveped Vith SientVent™ tech-

ngy. Appying this techngy t

aicas and cmtives aike was a

chaenge: The cing systems in

aicas ae instaed n tp f the f

nde the f and, theefe, ae

qite cmpact when cmpaed with

the cing systems f cmtives.

Diesel engine ATR220 Pesa railcar with

a cooling system from Voith Turbo

Voith flow system for cooling fans

TbchageExhast Gas

Chage Ai

Tansmissin oi

CingWate

BypassVave

Heat

Exchange

Ce

Axe DiveTbTans-

iio

Diesemoo

Pmp

f

fCe

www..o ANSYS Advantage • © 2010 ansys, Inc.

turbomachinery

14



turbomachinery

15

Bottom of the cooling system

showing obstructions

The inet t the fan is ften esticted,

s the fw enteing the bade

passages is ften highy distted.This can edce efficiency and incease

nise geneated by the fan.

The cing system cnsists f

f heat exchanges and thee axia

fans in which the fan inets aesepaated by meta patitins and

bcked by tbes/pipes and hding

pates. The scenai stdied was

a aica that had cme t est in a

aiway statin afte taveing at high

speed. Its fans ae sti tating at

f speed t dissipate the heat, bt,

becase thee is n nata wind, the

wam ai can be dawn back int the

heat exchanges. This ecicatin

fw cd degade the peatin

f the entie cing system. T

simate these cnditins accatey,

a age dmain tside the cing

system and aica was taken int

accnt. With neay 50 miin

eements, the mesh f the cing

system was necessaiy vey

age. The gid geneated

needed t stike a baance

between attentin t detai and

avaiabe esces t ense

that the simatin time waseasnabe, bt pats sch as

the fan wee finey discetized

t pedict aeas f sepaatin,

citica in btaining accate

stins.

F this mde, the heat

exchanges wee ideaized

and defined as a ps

medim. using the f ps

mde avaiabe in ANSYS

CFX sftwae, which is based

n Dacy’s law, the mde f theheat exchange was caibated

by adjsting the ss cefficient

t emate the chaacteistic

cve (ss f pesse vess

vme fw).

Visaizatin f the fw sing

steam ines did nt shw any

ecicatin fw thgh the heatexchanges f the cing system

mde with eithe the Vith standad

fan SientVent techngy. Each fan

shwed a cean tfw. By sing

fid dynamics techngy fm

ANSYS, the enginees wee abe t

detemine the vme fw ate f

each fan and distibtin f fw

fm the heat exchanges t the fans.

The team estabished fan design data

sch as tqe, ated inpt, pesse

incease and efficiency f the cm-

pete cing system — infmatin

that is nt easy t btain n a fan test

nde ideaized cnditins.

The enginees as sed the

ANSYS CFX Tb Nise mac,

Exhaust air from the fan

Roof-mounted cooling system (left) and under-floor cooling system (right)

Anthe key isse is that thee is

itte instaatin space, athgh

high ai thghpt is eqied. The

insta at in space is imited by

the ceaance f the vehice. (The

aica’s height and f cnt ae

imited becase the tain mst pass

thgh tnnes.) In additin, the fw

may be esticted by the systemsinstaed in the vehice, and the

fan hsing has a specific axia

instaatin height. Fm an acstic

pint f view, a ai vehice cing

system is an pen system becase

ces ae snd pemeabe.

T investigate the efficiency and

nise emissin f the SientVent fan

techngy cmpaed with thse f a

standad fan, design enginees in the

Bas ic Devepment ( eseach

and devepment) depatment sedfid dynamics in additin t thei

wn expetise. The ga was t

demnstate the peatina eiabiity

f a cmpete cing system sing

ANSYS CFX fid dynamics sftwae.



turbomachinery

16

Tip vortex

Turbo Post-Processing with

ANSYS CFD-PostT cmpement the ich cectin f

feates f genea fid dynamics

pst-pcessing, the ANSYS CFD-

Pst t pvides a set f additina

capabiities that specificay addess

the needs f tating machiney

designes and anaysts. These

capabiities ense that ses can

maximize the benefit gained fm

the insight pvided by thei sim-

atin ests.The t bmach iney ps t -

pcessing capabiities incde the

abiity t geneate pts in the eevant

tw-dimensina cdinate systems.

Meidina pts in axia–adia

cdinates can be sed, f exampe,

t assess cicmfeentiay aveaged

fw qantities. uned, bade-t-

bade pts ae indispensabe in

heping t identify pssibe design

impvements, awing the fw t be

visaized at any desied span-wisepsitin between hb and shd.

Specific chating ptins f

tating machiney as ae inc-

pated, awing ses t easiy

examine bade ading at a desied

psitin n the bade t k at

fw vaiatins ang ines fm hb

t shd, inet t tet, in the

cicmfeentia diectin.

A these pts and gaphs can

be integated int atmaticay

geneated epts based n tempates

pvided f a types f tating

machiney, fm pmps and fans t

tbines and cmpesss. The ept

tempates sppy standad machine-

specific definitins f qantities sch

as head ise, themdynamic efficiency

and ss cefficient, f exampe.

ANSYS CFD-Pst cntains a mac

f the pedictin f nise fm

w-speed fans f qick and simpe

assessment f fan acstics.

John Stokes, Requirements Manager,

ANSYS, Inc.

based n the lwsn mde, t

assess tna nise behavi. The

Tb Nise t shwed tends that

wee eqivaent t expeimenta

ests, and the t was, theefe,

sed t cmpae diffeent designs

t ense that the snd emissin

f the SientVent was mch we

than the standad fan.

The distance fm the SientVent’s

inet t the tet is nge than thestandad fan’s, casing the inet t be

cse t the bstcting pipes and,

in sme cases, the gnd. The

diectin change (defectin) f ai

between the heat exchanges and

the inet is as age. As a est,

the SientVent fan bades wee

designed s that the infw

des nt case a sepaatin.

In additin, the sbptima

infw de t bstctins can be

impved by eaanging the pipes

and thei attachments. Many f these

findings — btainabe ny thgh

fid dynamics — wi be fthe inves-

tigated in fte pjects.

Depending n the stage f

pdct devepment, deveping a

singe pttype fan f an existing

cing system thgh simatin

can edce csts by tw-thids.Simatin ts fm ANSYS ae

we estabished at Vith Tb.

Enginees in the Basic Devepment

depatment depend n engineeing

simatin, incding fid dynamics.

These enginees se hyddynamic

fndamentas t design tqe

cnvetes, hyddynamic cpings

(tb cpings) and hyd-

dynamic bakes (etades),

as we as a vaiety f

tbmachiney app i-

catins. The ANSYS CFX

pdct is empyed at

Vith Tb t simate

a vey cmpex sim-

atin ptfi — fm

incmpess ib e f w

t cmpessibe fws

and mtiphase fws t

viio ivigio.

This sftwae is a eqie-

ment t simate the fid fw intating machiney. n

Voith standard fan (left) and Voith SilentVent fan (right)



Fishing withMultiphysicsDiect cped-fied simatin, incdingpiezeectic, acstic and mechanica anaysis,enabes enginees t tne tansdce pefmancef mniting hge tawe nets.

By Larry Clayton, Senior Staff Acoustical Engineer, ITT Acoustic Sensors, Salt Lake City, U.S.A.

Designing piezeectic tansdces t meet patica

pefmance eqiements is a demanding and taditinay

time-cnsming and impecise engineeing pcess.

Chaacteistics sch as pwe, sensitivity and bandwidth

depend n highy cmpex and inteeated eectica,

mechanica and piezeectic mateia ppeties, pat size

and shape, and the eectica and mechanica

paametes. Difficties ae cmpnded when tansdces

mst peate ndewate. T ptimize these devices,designes mst take int accnt speciaized acstic

and fid behavi.

Histicay, enginees devep designs f sch

tansdces with cmptatins fm ne-dimensina

(1-D)–eqivaent cicit mdes. These 1-D ts pvide

ny appximatins f tansdce behavi based n

simpified, mped cicit epesentatins f tansdces

sing indcts, capacits and esists. The esting

mdes d nt accatey epesent the te distibted

chaacteistics and mtipe-degee-f-feedm dynamics

f cmpex tansdces. Cnseqenty, nmes

pttypes mst be bit, tested and edesigned — ften

with hit--miss changes — nti the tansdce pefms

satisfactiy, at east nti it cmes cse t meeting

mst f the taget eqiements.

using the diect cped-fied anaysis capabiities f

ANSYS Mtiphysics sftwae, enginees at ITT Acstic

Senss (ITT-AS) have impemented a bette appach

based n finite eement anaysis t qicky and effectivey

aive at ptima tansdce designs witht the deays,

gesswk and inaccacies f the methds. FEAtiizes a f 3-D simatin f the tansdce with piez-

eectic, mechanica and acstic fmatins t

chaacteize dynamic espnses f the tansdce. Fid

stcte inteactin (FSI) and acstic eements mde

wate-aded behavi in detemining attibtes sch as

feqency-dependent beam pattens, diectivity, tansmit

pwe and eceive sensitivity.

The FEA appach was appied in ne ecent pject

in which an ITT-AS tnpiz tansdce was edesigned t

meet patica eqiements f a cstme sing

tansdce aays in its cmmecia fishing peatins.

The cmpnent was pat f a system f detecting whenhge tawe nets ae f and sbseqenty when enty

ptins f the net ae csed. Specificay, this eqied

ITT-AS enginees t devep a dp-in epacement f the

tnpiz with geate tansmit-and-eceive espnse ve

a badened feqency band with a patica esnant

feqency and beam width.

With these pefmance bjectives in mind, the ITT-AS

team sed thei extensive tansdce engineeing

expeience in iteativey making vais changes t the

design and simating device pefmance f each

mdificatin. Maj changes incded:

Significant tansdce shape mdificatin with•heavie mateia sed f the tai mass

F piezeectic eements, each with age•

aea and thinne depth t epace the igina tw;

tansdce ength emained nchanged

Deceased diamete f stess bt t edce the•

fce it geneates in ppsitin t head mtin Admittance curves show good agreement between simulation

predictions and measurements.

Model of a tonpilz transducer

ready for analysis

-30.0

-40.0

-50.0

-60.0

-70.0

-80.0

10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000 90000 100000

2 0 l o g ( Y ) d B s

Frequency (Hz)

ansys piio Measement

www..o

electronics




By exping these

mdificatins with

simatin, engineesqicky eached an

ptima design —

ne that significanty

impved tansdce

pefmance beynd

the eqiements speci-

fied by the cstme.

Specificay, bandwidth

was widened by me

than a fact f thee, and

tansmit eve inceased by 56 pecent. receive

espnse deceased by 7 pecent with edced ee-ment impedance bt emained abve the eqied vae.

The appach avided the deays f nmes pttype

testing cyces and the inaccacies f 1-D cacatins.

ITT-AS pefmed a singe pttype test cyce nea

the end f devepment t vaidate the design, instead

f the five t six cyces typicay needed with the

taditina bid-and-test devepment methds.

The simatin-based edesign began with enginees

impting CAD gemety (patitined int its vais pats

f the tansdce) int sftwae fm ANSYS t ceate the

anaysis mde. This mde was meshed sing axisym-

metic stcta eements f the passive tansdcecmpnents and diect cped-fied axisymmetic

eements f the active piezeectic ceamics cmp-

nents. Anistpic mateia ppeties (incding eastic

cmpiance, piezeectic stain and eative dieectic

pemittivity) epesented the active mateias. Enginees

enteed piezeectic mateia ppeties in ANSYS

fmat f paizatin ang the Y-axis density, and

the ss tangent was incded f the dynamic

simatins. linea is-

tpic ppeties, incding

density and damping,

epesented pass ivestcta mateias.

T detemine the

hamnic espnse f

the tansdce, enginees

a p p i e d s y m m e t y

dispacement bnday

cnditins t the centa

axis, cnstained the

base ang the Y axis,

and app ied v tage

bnday cnditins t

n des ep es en t i n geqiptentia psit ive

and negative eectdes.

Sht-cicit esnance

was cmpted with bth

eectdes gnded (0V),

Displacement contour of the first

interference mode indicates that it

arises from longitudinal extension

of the stress rod.

Basics of Piezoelectricity

Piezeectic ceamic mateias geneate an eectic

vtage in espnse t appied mechanica fce,

say a vibatin pesse vaiatin. Senss

based n this techngy ae sed in the atmtive

indsty f detecting exhast pesses and engine

vibatins, f exampe. Cnvesey, piezeectic

mateias pdce a fce when vtage is appied in

actat appicatins, sch as in sme ink-jet pinte

heads and diese engine fe injects.

Piezeectic tansdces — the geneic name

f these types f devices — can seve the da e

f geneating and sensing vibatins, geneay ai-

bne snd waves and ndewate acstics. Thisis the pincipe behind sna systems in which aays

f tansdces ae sed t detect ndewate bjects

by sending t a “ping” and measing the time

taken f a etn ech. one exampe f the many

types f tansdces fm ITT-AS is the tnpiz,

which is widey sed in sna appicatins f its

pecisin, w cst and eiabe pefmance.

and pen-cicit anti-esnance was cmpted with the

negative eectde gnded (0V) and n vtage appied

t the ps eectde. Enginees pefmed hamnicespnse anayses t detemine in-ai admittance f the

tansdce with +/-0.5V appied acss the active

eements. ANSYS pst-pcessing ts dispayed and

animated ests, incding mde shapes, pviding gd

insight int the mechanica behavi f the tansdce.

Tonpilz transducers from ITT-AS come in a wide range of shapes,

sizes and configurations for various applications.

Model of transducer

includes water loading

(blue dome-shaped mesh)

for acoustic performance

predictions.

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electronics



http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ansys-advantage-v4-i1-2010 21/52www..o ANSYS Advantage • Vme IV, Isse 1, 2010 19

F exampe, the dispacement cnt f the fist

intefeence mde indicated that it ase fm ngitdina

extensin f the stess d.

ANSYS simatins cntined t incde the effect f

wate ading f acstic pefmance pedictins. Wate

was mdeed sing axisymmetic acstic eements, and

fid–stcte inteface ndes wee paced at the adiating

face f the head mass. Fa-fied bndaies f the

wate wee mdeed by axisymmetic acstic ine ee-

ments that epesent a nnefecting bnday. Mateia

ppeties eqied f the acstic eements incded

density and speed f snd. Bnday admittance wasset t 1 f the acstic eements epesenting baffe and

fa-fied sfaces whee snd is fy absbed. Away

fm the absbing sfaces, the bnday admittance

was set t 0 (n snd absbed).

using this mde, enginees pefmed in-wate

hamnic espnse anayses f +/-0.5V (1V tta) appied

Major parts of the tonpilz transducer design

Ins and Outs of the Sound Mushroom

A typica ITT-AS tnpiz (a Geman wd meaning

“snd mshm”) tansdce cnsists f sevea

active piezeectic ayes sandwiched between a stiff,

w-mass adiating head and a mch heavie tai mass.

The devices may be designed with vais pat

cnfigatins and mnts f diffeent ndewate

appicatins, in which the tansdce can seve as a

snd-pdcing pject, an acstic hydphne

sens bth. Tansdces can be sed independenty

gped int aays with patica beam width and

diectivity at seected feqencies.

The tnpiz is ne f nmes types f tans-

dces designed and manfacted by ITT-AS. With

ve 50 yeas’ expeience, the cmpany is a eade in

designing and manfacting piezeectic tansdces

— and the eated eectnics f cnt ing,pcessing, cnditining and dispaying signas — in a

vaiety f appicatins, incding nava and indstia

sna, medica eqipment, i and gas systems, mtin

cnt, and heath and safety.

acss the ceamic eements

in the tnpiz stack. Fm this,

they then cacated acsticpefmance chaacteistics

(incding tansmit and eceive

espnse and impedance)

ve the feqency ange f

the anaysis. This cacatin

shwed significant impve-

ment in acstic pefmance

ve the igina design f

the tansdce.

upn cmpetin f the

hamnic espnse anaysis f the tnpiz mdes in

wate, ANSYS pst-pcessing ts wee sed t stdystin ests. The time-histy pst-pcess defined

acstic pesse and eectic cent vaiabes

fm which feqency-dependent tansmit espnse,

impedance and eceive espnse acstic pefmance

chaacteistics wee deived and gaphed. Enginees

eviewed cnt pts f dispacement and stess

vaiatins thght the new tnpiz, and they geneated

cnt pts f acstic pesse adiating fm

the head mass at the peak tansmit vtage espnse

(TVr) feqency. Beam pattens and diectivity

chaacteistics wee as deived fm acstic pesse

distibtins cmpted at the hamnic espnse anaysisfeqency steps.

This pject ceay demnstated the vesatiity and

tiity f ANSYS Mtiphysics techngy as a pwef

t f the design f cmpex cped-fied tansdces.

The stin significanty impved pefmance f the

tnpiz, exceeding a cstme eqiements. n

light Stiff Head Mass

F-laye ActivePiezeectic Eements

Pe-lad Stess rd

High-DensityTai Mass

Acstic AbsbeCveing Extei

The new tonpilz design shows significant improvement in transmit

response and bandwidth.

155

150

145

140

135

130

30 35 40 45 50 55Frequency (KHz)

T V R ( d B )

ANSYS New TnpizMin New Meased

Max New Measedoigina AVG Meased

AVG New Meased

electronics

Contour plot shows

acoustic pressure

radiating from the

head mass at the

peak TVR frequency.



mining


It’s a BlastTechngy fm ANSYS heps tptimize the pecise timing f deayeddetnatins t get the biggest bangf the bck in the mining indsty.

By Dale Preece, Global Technology Development

Orica USA Inc., Watkins, U.S.A.

In mining peatins, expsive basts ae jst as mch

abt pecisin cnt as abt bte fce. F efficiency,

mines mst se engh expsives t fagment and mve

as mch mateia as pssibe. on the the hand, the

amnt f expsive enegy is cnstained by bdgetay

estictins, as we as by imits n bast vibatins that can

distb adjacent mining pits and shake bidings in

neaby twns.

The key is a seies f we-panned expsins in which

ws f expsive-fied bast hes ae set ff with eectnic

detnats in a pecise-deay timing seqence meased

in tenths-f-a-miisecnd accacy. If timed jst ight,shck waves einfce and ampify ne anthe t pdce

maximm fagmentatin and mvement f ck, e,

ca and the mateias. othewise, the fagmentatin-

pdcing tensie waves efecting fm fee faces (incding

the vetica bench face f the mine pit) can be canceed t

by cmpessive waves fm adjacent basts, theeby

significanty weing expsive effectiveness.

The maj chaenge in this appach is detemining

the ptima detnatin deay, which depends n

nmes vaiabes, incding the cmpessive stength

and bitteness f mateia being basted, the type

f expsive sed, and the diamete, depth and spacing fbast hes. odinaiy, mining peats ty t find the

ight detnatin deay thgh expeience in specific mine

fieds and cnsideabe tia and e. Even afte mnths

f expeimentatin, hweve, many cmpanies eventay

sette n a deay that gets the jb dne satisfactiy

athe than spending me time tying t find the esive

ptima deay.

The agest sppie f expsives in the mining

indsty, oica is stdying pecise-deay timing as a pat

f its extensive ange f Basting-Based Sevices pvided

t cients in sme f the wd’s agest sface and nde-

gnd mines. F these stdies, ne f the ts oica

engineeing teams se is the ANSYS AuToDYN nninea

expicit dynamics sftwae, which the cmpany asempys f isk assessments f expsives manfacting

and distibtin t the mining indsty.

Maj feates make the sftwae paticay we-sited

t ck basting fagmentatin pedictin. Bit int the sft-

wae is a riede–Hiemaie–Thma (rHT) bitte mateia

mde f pedicting cack densities and fagmentatin in

ck. rHT accatey epesents pesse-dependent and

esida faie sfaces, eastic imit sfaces, and stain

hadening in a nified mde that accmates damage in

tensin and in cmpessin — tw citica stess states

that mst be ppey cdinated thgh pecise-timing

detnatin t achieve maximm fagmentatin.The capabiity t cpe Eeian and lagangian

fames f efeence in ANSYS AuToDYN sftwae is

The key to optimal blast performance is a series of well-planned

explosions in which rows of explosive-filled holes are set off

with electronic detonators in a precise-delay timing sequence

measured in milliseconds.

Surface coal mine blast geometry shows the portion of the field to

undergo 3-D simulation of delayed detonation and rock fragmentation.

The vertical bench face denotes the vertical walls of the pit where

blasted material moves and is removed by excavators and haulers.

Shock waves and pressure distributions are shown in the blast field with

a 2-ms detonation delay between the adjacent blast holes represented.

Shock waves (red) progress upward through the blast field and

combine next to the bench face and ground surface where individual

rock fragments form (dark blue).

Bast HesGemety Simated

Bench Face

Pit F



shws fagmentatin f the vais detnatin deays. In

the accmpanying images, the pit face is epesented by

the bttm-mst edge f the ectanga css sectin.

Nte the symmetica damage patten f the 0-ms sim-

tanes detnatin, in which the nea-staight spaw ine

f fagmentatin is nifmy sepaated fm the pit face

by a cnsideabe distance. Damage and fagmentatin

impve with inceasing detnatin deays f 2 ms and

8 ms, and cve the geatest ptin f the ck mass at

15 ms — the deay at which maximm fagmentatin

ccs. Simatins shwed that geate deays demn-

state inceasingy degaded bast pefmance. At deays

geate than abt 50-ms, shck waves fm each he

behave faiy individay with itte inteactin with thsef the adjacent he.

The vae f sing ANSYS AuToDYN simatin

f sch stdies is that enginees nt ny can

qicky detemine ptima detnatin deay bt as

assess the impact f sing diffeent expsives and bast

he gemeties. As a est, oica can wk me csey

with cients and qicky pvide vaabe insight int

eveaging the highest pefmance pssibe fm

mining expsives. n

especiay hepf in bast fied mdeing. The Eeian fame

f efeence is best sited f epesenting expsive det-

natins becase the mateia fws thgh a gemeticaycnstant gid that can easiy hande the age defmatins

assciated with gas and fid fw. rck is mdeed with

the lagangian fame f efeence best sited f fag-

mented sids becase the mesh mves with the mateia

and aws f eaistic defmatin and beakage. These

tw fames f efeence ae cped in the ANSYS

AuToDYN sftwae s that enegy is easiy tansfeed

between the tw f accate mdeing f the entie bast

pcess.

A cmpeing ANSYS AuToDYN capabiity is the

incpatin f these feates int the thee-dimensina

simatins, making the sftwae the ny gica chicef mdeing and anayzing ck basting. These 3-D

feates wee sed in a ecent simatin f a sface ca

mine bast gemety. In this anaysis, bden (distance

between ws f bast hes) is 32.5 feet, spacing between

adjacent hes is 48 feet, and bast he diamete is 12

inches; the rHT mde was adjsted based n an 800

pnds pe sqae inch (psi) cmpessive stength f shae

t be basted apat. The vetica bench face dentes the

vetica was f the pit, whee basted mateia mves and

is emved by excavats and haes. Tw adjacent bast

hes ae mdeed in 3-D with diffeent deay times between

the hes, incding 0 miisecnds (ms) (simtanes

basts), 2 ms, 8 ms and 15 ms.

Tanscent c epesentatins shw the pedicted

pgessin f shck waves and pesse distibtins in

the bast fied, with a 2-ms detnatin deay between the

adjacent bast hes epesented as tw vetica ines. Shck

waves, shwn in ed, emege fm the bast hes, pgess

pwad thgh the bast fied, and cmbine next t the

bench face and gnd sface at a tensie stess f at

east 100 psi — the pesse, shwn in dak be, at which

individa ck fagments fm.

What is immediatey bvis fm this seies fsnapshts is that damage accmatin significanty ags

behind the initia detnatin and mvement f the shck

waves. This ccs becase damage and fagmentatin

ae a diect est f cack ppagatin, the ate f which

depends n cack tip vecity. The rHT mde cecty

teats the cack tip vecity as a factin (say abt

ne-qate) f the snic vecity f the mateia.

A cmpaisn f damage at 20 ms afte the secnd

detnatin in a css-sectina sice thgh the bast aea

A comparison of damage at 20 ms after the second detonation in a

slice through the blast area shows the various detonation delays.

Damage moves forward with increasing detonation delays of 2 ms and

8 ms, and reaches the pit face at 15 ms, at which maximum

fragmentation occurs near the pit face.

0-ms Delay 2-ms Delay

8-ms Delay 15-ms Delay

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mining




automotive

22

Driving forDurabilityE-Z-Go enginees qicky and accatey

design a eiabe tiity vehice pat that savesmanfacting csts.

By Mike Neely, Design Processes and Services Manager

and Jing Heng Wen, Senior Project Engineer, E-Z-GO, Augusta, U.S.A.

Designing gged tiity vehices

eqies enginees t baance time and

cst with dabiity. E-Z-Go, a Textn

cmpany cated in the united States,

deveps dabe, high-pefmance

vehices f a vaiety f ff-ad ses.

In additin t being a eading man-

facte f gf cats, E-Z-Go

pdces tf maintenance vehices,

heavy-dty indstia mateia caies,

vesatie pesnne caies and

gged tai tiity vehices.

E-Z-Go enginees wee given ne

week t edesign a tiity vehice

fame t eiminate a bend that was

casing manfacting difficties.

The engineeing team had a age

amnt f physica testing data

avaiabe f the existing fame, which

had been capted n the cmpany’s

pving gnd. This data cnsisted

agey f time histies f ads

meased at the spinde with

acceemetes, and f stesses and

stains meased at vais pints n

the fame with stain gages. Diecty

tiizing the ad infmatin wd

have eqied a vey cmpex

nninea mde t incpate the f

dynamic behavi f the vehice —

ne that might take f days t sve,

and many simatin iteatins t

vaidate the mde and evaate

diffeent design atenatives.

The team sed ANSYS Mechanica

f this pject becase the sftwae

ffes vey pwef and fexibe design

ptimizatin capabiities. Sftwae

fm ANSYS makes it pssibe t

ptimize vitay any aspect f the

design, incding dimensins sch as

thickness, shape sch as fiet adii,

and pacement f sppts, ad,

nata feqency and mateia

ppeties. F the tiity vehice

appicatin, the E-Z-Go engineeing

team tk advantage f these

capabiities t ptimize the ads s

as t achieve the desied stess eve

in the design.

The enginee assigned t the

pject seected six ad cases fm

physica testing ests, incding

static ing, baking ve bmpe,

wheeing in a pthe and cneing.

He sed the meased fied-test data

in ne catin nea the edesign aea

t gide the ptimizatin pcess.

The stess in the X diectin was mst

imptant fm a fatige standpint,

E-Z-GO produces utility vehicles

that can be used to haul materials

over rough terrain.

The geometry of the original frame for the utility vehicle (left) and the geometry of the redesigned frame showing welds (right)

b a c g r o u n m a g e © s

o c p h o o . c o m / d a n t h o r n e r g .



automotive

23

s this vae was sed as the design

bjective, whie stesses in the Y and

Z diectin wee sed as state

vaiabes cnstaints. The ads at

the fnt and ea axe end wee set

as design vaiabes. The enginee

detemined the best cmbinatin f

inpt ads t match the fied test

data and then ptimized the ading

f the cases. T veify the accacy

f the ad data, the simpified mde

then was n with the ad data

geneated by the ptimizatin t

make se that the stess eves in a

secnd cat in n the fame

matched the fied-test data.

At this pint, the simpified finite

eement anaysis mde behaved jst

ike the ea vehice in tems f stess

and stain n the fame, yet the

anaysis tk ny 30 mintes t n.

The enginee mdified the mde t

match the initia cncept f the

edesigned fame. Anaysis indicated

sme weak aeas, incding the

weding patten, s the mde was

mdified t stengthen the fame. He

then evaated the pefmance f

the new design against each f the

six ad cases geneated ding

the ptimizatin pcess. The ests

shwed that the maximm stess

in the new fame was 5 pecent t

10 pecent we than the centfame nde each f the five payad

sitatins.

The next step was veifying that

the fatige ife f the new fame was

bette nde the entie ading histy.

Enginees sed Designlife™ fatige

i fe est imat in sf twae f m

HBM-nCde t n the ent i e

ptimized ad data against bth the

new and the d designs t get a

cmpete picte f the fame dabi-

ity. The fatige ife estimatin pe-

dicted a nge ife f the new design

than f the d ne.

The fina step in the design

pcess was t n acceeated

dabiity tests n the new fame t

veify the fatige ife pedictins and

t demnstate that the new design

pvides eqa bette dabiity

pefmance than the igina fame.

The ptimized ad data cd be sed

as the ading envinment f

dabiity testing; hweve, E-Z-Go

enginees needed t acceeate and

simpify the test. They identified asimpe step ad that appximated

the mch me cmpicated time

histy data, which was acceptabe

becase the ga f the test was

t detemine nt the abste

dabiity pefmance bt, athe, the

eative pefmance f the tw

designs. The testing was cmpeted in

a eativey sht time. It veified that

the dabiity pefmance f the new

design was bette than that f thed design.

Based n the ests f the finite

e ement anays is , fat ige i fe

estimatin and dabiity testing, the

new tiity vehice fame design was

eeased f pdctin. The new

design demnstated that its eiabiity

and dabiity wee at east eqa t

the pevis design. This appach

sbstantiay edced engineeing

csts and heped E-Z-Go get the new

design int pdctin faste.n

HBM-nCode is now an ANSYS OEM supplier,which means that customers can efficientlyaccess advanced fatigue capabilities within theCAD-integrated environment of ANSYS Workbench.The ANSYS nCode DesignLife product helpsusers answer the question “How long will itlast?”, helping to avoid iterative physical testingand speeding up the development process.

DesignLife (from HBM-nCode) simulation shows the frame life for scheduled events with different

payloads for the original frame (left) and the new frame (right)

Original frame stress under

a specific loading condition

New frame stress under the

same loading conditions



How’s theWeather on Mars?Simatins ae citica f caibatin f instmentsas we as fast and accate intepetatin f datafm the Phenix Mas lande.

By Jeff A. Davis, Post-Doctoral Fellow and Carlos F. Lange, Associate Professor,Computational Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada

Becase Mas is the panet csest t Eath, it has been

hst t nmes intepanetay missins. The Phenix

Mas missin was designed t stdy the histy f wate

and habitabiity ptentia in Matian actic ice-ich si.

As the Phenix Mas spacecaft anded n the Matian

sface in May 2008, cmmnicatins stpped

ding the switch t bite eay. Tw hs ate, a sigh f

eief epted when data fm the ande began steaming

in. With space missins, thee is ny ne sht atgetting it ight. Any min faw in the spacecaft its

instments cd est in the instantanes ss f yeas

f pepaatin and hndeds f miins f das.

Canada’s cntibtin t the Phenix Mas missin

has been t pvide the metegica site f

instments (MET) that mease the tempeate,

pesse, vecity and patice cntent in the panet’s

atmsphee. Mas has a niqe atmsphee cmpsed

mainy f cabn dixide (95.3 pecent), nitgen

(2.7 pecent) and agn (1.6 pecent). The gavitatina

cnstant n that panet is 38 pecent that f Eath’s,

and the atmspheic pesse n Masis 1 pecent f s. As a est,

pe-missin design and caibatin

expeiments f the ande and its

instments wee diffict and

expensive t pefm, making

nmeica simatins the mst

bvis ecnmicay viabe stin.

Even s, nmeica simatins have been

ntisy absent fm the extensive pepaatin pc-

ess f data cectin f eaie panetay missins. The

Phenix Mas lande is the fist pject that has sed

cmptatina fid dynamics t aid caibatin f a

panetay missin’s instments. The deck f the ande

cntains mst f the instments sed t cect extena

data. of patica inteest ae pesse, vecity and

tempeate senss [1], whse measements, nde

cetain cnditins, can be infenced by the ande itsef.

F exampe, the intena heat geneatin and emissin

f adiatin fm the ande’s sface may est in a

thema cnvective pme, which can incease temp-

eate measements. Simiay, bstaces psteam fm

vecity and pesse senss can ate eadings f

magnitde and/ diectin f Matian winds.reseaches at the univesity f Abeta caibated

these instments pe-fight thgh a age paametic

stdy sing ANSYS CFX fid dynamics sftwae by

vitay vaying the envinmenta cnditins and the

ande’s heat tpt. rests eveaed cetain wind

diectins in which the ande’s heat emissin cased the

west f the thee tempeate senss t shw highe-

than-atmspheic vaes [2]. The univesity f Abeta

team sed the ests f these fid dynamics simatins

Pesseso

Wind Sens

Tempeateso

P h o t o c o u r t e s y N A S A / J P L - C a l t e c h / U n i v e r s i t y A r i z o n a / T e x a s A

& M

U n i v e r s i t y .

www..o

scientific instruments

www..o ANSYS Advantage • © 2010 ansys, Inc.24

Model of the Phoenix Mars Lander



t evaate the aw missin data and t find instances

when these wind diectins cced. This awed the

team t incpate an inceased measement

ncetainty f these cases. In this manne, simatin

was the key t peventing data fm being misintepeted.

A simia stdy was cmpeted f the pesse

sens, in which the pesse diffeence was ceated

with wind speed. The Tetae wind sens was a

cmpetey new design f the Matian ande, s it

eqied a me in-depth caibatin that fcsed nvecity measements. The cncept f this wind sens

iginated at the univesity f Abeta, and it was designed

and bit in Denmak. The wind eadings fm the Tetae

payed an imptant pat in data intepetatin fm the

Mas ande.

In additin t the mde size and nmbe f sim-

atins pefmed, the datin f each simatin was a

fact. Ding the missin, the ande instmentatin had

imited time and pwe esces. Pwe and peating

time acatins wee cacated daiy, based n pevaiing

cnditins. T decide these acatins, stategic pannes

smetimes eqied inpt fm the simatin data, s it

was essentia f the univesity f Abeta team t have

apid simatin tnand n new cases.

The sht time-espnse eqiement was met by

nning the simatins in paae. Cases wee n n a

64-bit linx® cste with each nde cmpsed f tw

qad-ce opten™ 2350 AMD pcesss. Benchmaks

n the pbem ested in a spe-inea speedp f 4.47

n f CPus and a inea speedp f 8.00 n eight ces,

with each simatin nning cay n a singe nde. Theefficiency f the paae pcessing and mti-dmain

scheme sed in ANSYS CFX sftwae cmbined with

AMD’s mti-ce achitecte enabed new simatins

t be cmpeted within the time fame eqied f the

decisin-making pcess.

Caibatin f the Phenix Mas lande, sing

ANSYS CFX techngy, was deemed sccessf in bth

the pe-missin and peatin phases. The sccess has

awed f additina simatins t be pefmed t

aid in the expanatin f cetain phenmena fnd in the

w . n

Funding from the Canadian Space Agency is gratefully acknowledged.

References[1] Taylor, P.; et al. Temperature, Pressure, and Wind Instrumentation

on Phoenix MET. J. Geophys. Res ., 2008, v. 113. E00A18doi:10.1029/2008JE00308.

[2] Davy, R.; et al. Initial Analysis of Air Temperature and Related Datafrom the Phoenix MET Station and Their Use in Estimating TurbulentHeat Fluxes. J. Geophys. Res . In press.

Effect of the support on the velocity sensor. Red and yellow streamlines

indicate flow direction.

Temperature contours showing the effect of the lander’s heating on the lowest of the three temperature sensors

lwest Tempeate Sens

lwest Tempeate Sens

www..o

scientific instruments




scientific equipment

www..o26

Exploring theDark Side ofthe UniverseEnginees at the Femi Natina Acceeat

labaty se ANSYS techngy indeveping a pecisin camea f stdyingthe fa eaches f the nivese.

By Ingrid Fang, Mechanical Engineer, Particle Physics Division

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, U.S.A.

Fm bsevatins f distant expding stas caed

spenvae, astphysicists knw that the nivese is

expanding at an acceeating ate, diven twad by what

they specate is the psh f negative gavity fms-caed dak enegy that nifmy fis thewise

empty space. Becase f its csmgica significance,

scientists ae eage t ean a that they can abt dak

enegy, which has yet t be diecty bseved becase f

its extemey w density and ack f inteactin with mst

fndamenta fces f the nivese. Essentiay, the ny

way t pbe the ppeties f dak enegy is t make

extemey pecise measements f the expansin ate

f the nivese.

This chaenge is being addessed by a pject caed

the Dak Enegy Svey, which is aimed at detemining the

histy f the expansin ate f the nivese by taking

images f ghy 300 miin gaaxies and measing thei

shape and edshift — the change in feqency f ight and

the eectmagnetic adiatin as the heaveny bdies

mve twad, away fm Eath. By making sch

measements, scientists wi be abe t investigate

the expansin f the nivese ve

tw-thids f its tta ife — fm the

time when the nivese was ny

a few biin yeas d.

Scientists wi phtgaph these

distant gaaxies sing its Dak Enegy

Camea (DECam) — ne f the agest

cameas eve bit sing chage-c p ed dev i ces ( C C Ds ) , t h e

same imaging techngy sed in

cnventina digita cameas. With

an end-t-end ength f 2.5 metes

and a weight f 3.6 metic tns, the

500-megapixe DECam wi be paced

Simplified model of the telescope

and camera structure

Temperature distribution at focal plane

for 20-degree C ambient temperature

Barrel and imager Z direction displacement

under vacuum load, thermal load and gravity

load at 20-degree C ambient temperature

n an existing

4-mete teescpe

at the Natina optica

Astnmy obsevaty’sCe T Inte-Ameican

obsevaty in nth-centa Chie.

obtaining ppe measements eqies that the

DECam’s CCDs be pecisey aigned with the teescpe’s

enses and pimay mi. An “aignment bdget” was

ceated t acate 10 micns t 15 micns f awabe

misaignment f each sbsystem in the camea.

The me than 300 pats and sbsystems f the

DECam wee deveped by individa membes f a

design team. The ath’s specific cntibtin was t

pefm detaied anaysis f these pats and sbsystems

sing ANSYS Mechanica sftwae t ense that dead-

weight defectins, vacm defmatins, thema dist-

tins and vibatin mdes f the camea wee within these

imits. The sftwae as was sed f thema stdies t

detemine tempeates f individa pats as we as tta

heat ad n the cing system. A cacatins wee

Detailed model of the

primary focus cage

ANSYS Advantage • © 2010 ansys, Inc.



scientific equipment


Anatomy of the Dark Energy Camera

As designed, the Dak Enegy Camea cnsists f

cmpex ptica cmpnents that mst ppey aign

t accatey mease the distted shapes and

edshift f distant gaaxies.

A set f five fsed-siica ptica enses and eated

fites cmpise a cect assemby that fcses the

ight and sepaates t the eevant feqencies.

Fcsing is dne with a hexapd assemby that aigns

the camea with the teescpe’s pimay mi and

as pefms atea cectin t cmpensate f

stcta defectin as the teescpe mves. A shtte

mechanism cnts CCD expse time. Attached t the end f the cect is an image

system cntaining an aay f chage-cped devices

(CCDs) ced with iqid nitgen. readt cicit

bads that pcess signas fm the CCD aay ae

mnted in eectnic cates at the end f the image.

T check the aignment f cmpnents, Femiab

enginees sed ANSYS Mechanica sftwae t

accatey detemine defmatins, thema disttins

and vibatin mdes f the camea. The team as sed

the sftwae f thema stdies t detemine the

tempeate f individa pats as we as the tta heat

ad f the cing system.

made at tw ambient

t e m p e a t e s : 2 0

degees Cesis (C) and-5 degees C, based n

cimate cnditins at the

teescpe site. De t

the cmpexity f the

DECam, tw sepaate

anaysis mdes wee

ceated. A f mde f

the camea — which

cntained 679 highe-

de sid eements bt

witht a cmpnent

detai s — cmpteddispacements. These dispacements wee sed as inpt

t a detaied cage mde having 3,112K eements.

Femiab empyed the ANSYS Wkbench patfm

with ANSYS Mechanica sftwae t edce the time

eqied t ceate anaysis mdes sing CAD integatin,

atmatic meshing and fy paametic mdeing capa-

biities. They impted native CAD gemety diecty int

ANSYS sftwae and sed the ANSYS DesignMdee

t t simpify the gemety. The ANSYS Wkbench

envinment atmaticay detected and set p cntacts

and jints between pats f the assemby, with the

enginee mdifying cntact settings and enteing

additina mana cntact definitins.

ANSYS Wkbench saved mch time n the pject

becase its gaphica ts geaty steamined the

pcess f editing gemety and appying bnday

cnditins, ads, cntacts and me. In cntast, the

taditina appach eqies seecting a f the ndes n

a sface in de t define it. With the ANSYS Wkbench

patfm, the enginee simpy cicks n the sface

vme t appy the bnday cnditin, ad cntact.

Anaysis ests pvided detaied infmatin n the

defectin f the stcte and tempeate f the CCD

eadt pinted cicit bads. Pject enginees f

individa sbsystems examined the ests and madedesign changes t mitigate any isses. Mdes wee then

changed and esimated in an iteative pcess nti

the design was finaized t ense that each sbsystem

maintained ppe aignment. This gaanteed that the

DECam wd deive the accacy needed t tace back

tw-thids f the way t the beginning f the nivese. n

The Dark Energy Survey Collaboration consists of scientists fromFermilab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, University ofChicago, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of Michigan,University of Pennsylvania, The Ohio State University, Argonne NationalLaboratory, NOAO/CTIO, CSIC/Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya

(Barcelona), Institut de Fisica D’Altes Energies (Barcelona), CIEMAT(Madrid), University College London, University of Cambridge, Universityof Edinburgh, University of Portsmouth, University of Sussex, ObservatorioNacional, Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Universidade Federal doRio de Janeiro, and Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Fundinghas been provided by U.S. DOE, NSF, STFC (UK), Ministry of Education andScience (Spain), FINEP (Brazil) and the collaborating institutions.

The DECam (top) will be installed in the

prime focus cage of an existing telescope

(bottom). The telescope’s primary mirror

is located behind the covers at the

bottom right. Photo by T. Abbott.

CCD readt Eectnics

Shtte

Fites

coo

Hexapd

optica lens

Telescope and camera assembly at

mode 6 natural frequency of 14.006 Hz



energy


Maintaining Power A Baziian pwe geneatin cmpany expects t decease maintenancedwntime by identifying the case f wa esin in a ca bie.

By Jairo Souza, Support Engineer, Henrique Monteiro, Support Engineer, and Leonardo Rangel, Project Coordinator

ESSS, Florianópolis, Brazil

Artur Ellwanger, General Manager, Marcelo Bzuneck, Plant Engineer, and Luiz Felippe, Senior Engineer

Tractebel Energia, Capivari de Baixo, Brazil

Fea f a edced enegy sppy in cming yeas has

made enegy geneatin a ht tpic in engineeing.

In Bazi, pwe is geneated by bth hydeectic meansand the se f fssi fes. The Jge laceda Pwe

Pant, wned by Tactebe Enegia, is ne f the agest in

latin Ameica and is espnsibe f a significant ptin

f the enegy distibtin in sthen Bazi. The cmpex

has thee pants f geneating eecticity. The agest

pant, uTlC, has a geneating capacity f neay 1,260

gigawatt-hs.

The age bie (10 metes by 20 metes by 60 metes)

at uTlC cntains f hiznta ws f six bnes,

feed by pveized ca. The bnes heat wate in

high-pesse stee tbes — caed steam pipes bie

tbes — within the was f the bie t ceate steam.

The steam is sed t spin a tbine, which, in tn,

geneates eecticity.

A cmmn pbem in ca-fied bies is esin f

the bie was. Wa esin pts peatin f the bie

at isk becase mateia faie in these aeas expses the

steam pipes t fe within the bie. Addessing this

pbem is qite csty becase f the mateias invved;

in additin, the bie mst be sht dwn whie epais

ae made. The assciated csts can be edced if esin

f the bie tbes can be minimized.

T find ways t minimize esin, the mechanism fesin mst fist be identified. Thee pssibe cases

f bie wa esin ae chemica attack cased by

bidp f sph, excessive expse t heat, and

bne misaignment. In the ast case, esin is fthe

aggavated becase patices f ca ae nt cmpetey

cnsmed and can physicay abade the bie was.

Thgh physica anaysis f the tbes, Tactebe

enginees wee abe t detemine that the case f the

esin in the uTlC bie was pbaby eated t bne

misaignment. Misaigned bnes bne cmpnents

can ead t incmpete cmbstin f the pveized ca,

esting in wa esin.Tactebe Enegia tgethe with ESSS, an ANSYS

channe patne in Sth Ameica, tned t an

ANSYS CFX engineeing simatin t cnfim the case

f the esin. The anaysis was set p t simate the

mtiphase fw (pveized ca and ai) within the bie.

The team anayzed the peatin f a singe bne and

Tractebel’s UTLC complete coal boiler

Steam Pipes

Bie

Bnes

its impact n the neaby bie was t gain a bette

ndestanding f the vea esin pcess.

The initia fw simatin cnsideed the cmpex

bne gemety in detai. Bnes ae cnstcted fmvais pates that fm the swie as we as a defect.

Bth hep t mix the aifw with the pveized ca t

ense the stabiity f the fame inside the bie. Fame

stabiity and ppe mixing assist in me efficient cm-

bstin. The simatin fcsed n esving the detais

f the bne fw t btain an accate tet fw pfie

f the bne that cd be sed in a age simatin f

the bie intei. The sftwae pvides the capabiity

t easiy extact desied ests fm the fist (bne)

simatin as bnday cnditins f the secnd

(bie) simatin.

In a secnd fw simatin, a age ptin f thebie was simated with the bne inet cated n

the ight side f the bie. The bjective was t

capte the effect f a singe bne n neaby bie was

t detemine if the wa shea patten aising fm

the bne fw matched the esin patten bseved

n the bie tbes.



energy


The ests shwed that fw detaches fm the bne

t make cntact with the bie wa at a distance fappximatey 3 metes fm the bne. The mtiphase

simatin cnfimed that patices f ca fwing this

fw path wd each the bie wa at high speed.

By cacating the ate f esin n the bie wa, the

engineeing team was abe t map wa catins

that sffe me wea. The map btained fm the shea

data was vey cse t the wea data iginay btained

f the bie.

The fid fw ests enabed Tactebe enginees t

identify mdificatins that might be made t minimize wa

esin in the bie. Fte pjects wi invve ateing

the gemety f the mde and bnday cnditinst detemine whethe anticipated design changes wd

edce wa esin. It is estimated that the ateed design

wi edce bie dwntime fm nce evey thee yeas

t nce evey five yeas.

Witht the insight pvided by ANSYS CFX sftwae,

Tactebe wd have been imited t tia-and-e

testing t identify and mitigate the case f the

ndesiaby high esin. Tactebe was abe t detemine

the esin patten and make infmed and cst-effective

decisins egading the peatin f the bne and,

cnseqenty, the pant. n

Air velocity profile on symmetry wall;

red indicates areas of highest velocity

Advanced Simulation for Fossil Fuels ANSYS stins ae sed and the wd

evey day t stdy estabished ca, i and gas

cmbstin systems, as we as ctting-edge pwe

geneatin and pcess eqipment sch as xy-fe

cmbsts, chemica ping eacts, gasifies and

bimass fnaces.

The stdy f cmbstin and eated fw

phenmena in fssi fe eacts pvides citica

insights f etfitting existing eqipment

designing new pcesses. Engineeing simatin

stins fm ANSYS pvide a necessaycapabiities t incease pefmance and enegy

efficiency, t ndestand the sce, and t devep

stategies that edce the cabn ftpint as we as

cnt and edce ptant emissins fm a age

ange f fssi fe and bimass eact types.

Typicay, the simatin f cmbstin eqipment

incdes fid fws sch as eactin, adiatin and

thema phenmena. Ca and the fes ae

epesented as a secnday phase and ae fy

cped with fw, enabing simatin f a age

ange f paticate cncentatins fm dite fws

t packed beds. Sch anayses pvide cavecities, paticate cncentatins and taces,

cmpsitin f cmbstin gases, fe cnvesin

ates, and tempeates. These qantities enabe

the se t investigate peatina isses sch as

ca tempeate peaks, cmbstin efficiency

mixing pbems.

Additina engineeing detais can be simated

thgh a nmbe f speciay deveped feates.

F exampe, ptant fmatin, emissins and

mecy can be pedicted sing detaied chemisty

and ptant fmatin sbmdes. Simiay,

apppiate patice mdes ae avaiabe t aw

f pedictin f esin and/ sag bid-p

in fnaces.

Ahmad Haidari, Director Industry Marketing and Karl Kuehlert,Regional Director of Technical Services NA, ANSYS, Inc.

Wall shear stress pattern on boiler walls; red indicates areas of highest

wall shear (erosion)

Swirling effect on particles from the coal burner



Win, Set and Matchat Wimbledon ANSYS sftwae veifies the design f the innvativeetactabe f at Wimbedn by simating thepening and csing mechanisms.

By Martyn Lacey, Founder, Advanced Computational Analysis, Nottingham, U.K.

built environment

The A Engand lawn Tennis and

Cqet Cb’s anna Champinships

has a eptatin as the wd’s

pemie tennis event. As pat f a

ng-tem pan f cnt ins

impvement f the faciity, a new

etactabe f ve Cente Ct at

Wimbedn was intdced in 2009 t

aw payes and spectats t enjy

the Engish smme weathe whie

pemitting pay t cntine in the

event f ain.

The united Kingdm–based

e n g i n e e i n g f i m A d v a n c e d

Cmptatina Anaysis (ACA) sed

sftwae fm ANSYS t veify pats

f the design f the new etactabe

f by cndcting bth static and

dynamic anayses t ense that the

f wd pefm ppey nde

ea-wd ads and stesses.Five yeas in devepment, the

17,000-sqae-ft etactabe f is

an eectmechanicay peated

stcte that incdes 10 mvabe

stee tsses that sppt a tans-

cent, weathe-esistant fabic

canpy. When pen, the f sectins

ae paked at ppsite sides f

the ct. T cse the f, the

cdinated eectmechanica

system mves the tsses apat

and, at the same time, nfds andstetches t the fabic between the

tsses, nti the tw sectins meet

in an veapping seam abve the

midde f the stcte.

Whie cnstctin cmpany

Gaifd Ty was espnsibe f the

Total stresses in the

beam sections as a result

of dynamic effects

Axial forces in the roof

structure as a result of

dynamic effects

vea bid f the 3,000-tn

f, the ambit is pject

invved many expet sbcntacts.

ACA was chaged with pefming

static and dynamic veificatin f the

mechanisms that pen and cse the

tsses. Capita Symnds (pincipa

stcta engineeing cnstants)

and Steet Cane Expess (mtive

cnt and atmatin speciaists)

cnstcted thee f tsses f

physica testing, bt it wd have

been extemey time- and cst-inten-

s i ve t b i d a p t type f

the entie f. T pefm a vita

anaysis that wd pvide accate

pedictive ests, ACA tned t

ANSYS Mechanica sftwae. The

veificatin pcess was designed t

ense that the mechanisms n each

tss wd pefm as expected. ACA cndcted bth static and

dynamic 3-D anayses f the f

tsses in a vita envinment,

cnfiming that they cd withstand

ea-w d physica ads and

mechanica stesses in bth mving

and at-est psitins. ACA fcsed

specia attentin n the eect-

mechanica actats between each

pai f tsses that ae

espnsibe f mving the

f. These actats ae sbject

t bvis physica fces, sch as

the weight f the tsses, as we

as me sbte fces, sch as the

changing tensin f the fabic canpy.

ANSYS Mechanica techngy

sppted the f ange f simatin

and anayses needed t veify

the design f the f system.

ACA pefmed veificatin f thef’s design in a timey and cst-

effective manne s that cnstctin

cd pceed.

The etactabe f made its

Champinships debt in mid-2009,

when ain wd have thewise

intepted a match. As the tw f

sectins came tgethe, the capacity

ow o i ig ovio. n

Deflections in roof

structure, in the direction

of motion of the leading truss




analysis tools

3131

Solutions for PCB

ElectromagneticInterferenceSimatin Diven Pdct Devepment aids designes f pinted cicitbads in meeting eectmagnetic cmpatibiity eqiements.

By Steven G. Pytel, Jr., Signal Integrity Product Manager, ANSYS, Inc.

In tday’s wd f highy cmpex

p inted cicit bads (PCBs) ,

ceating designs t meet eect-

magnetic cmpatibiity (EMC) tagets

is a necessity. Hweve, ding the

eay design stage, devepment f a

bst pwe deivey netwk (PDN)

is ften negected. Minimizing bad

esnances sing decping capaci-

ts and the ppe pwe and gnd

pane design wi edce adiated

emissins that case eectmagnetic

intefeence (EMI). Signa ayt

n the PCB is citica t cect

peatin f anag and digita

designs, and wi hep t edce

adiated emissins whie minimizing

intefeence n the signa nets.

Designing t meet these thee

bjectives with mdeatey t highy

cmpex PCBs eqies the se f

simatin t minimize time t maket

and cst. SIwave sftwae was

deveped specificay t pvidestins that hep enginees meet

the bjectives f a bst PDN, snd

signa integity (SI) and EMC/EMI

tagets. Athgh SIwave is pedmi-

nanty sed f pst-ayt extactin,

its dawing and cipping capabiities

can be sed t pefm Simatin

Diven Pdct Devepment f

pe-ayt simatin n patia

designs. SIwave techngy sppts

mtipe PCB ayt databases.

SIwave sftwae’s dynamicachitecte aws it t fit seamessy

int mst design pcesses whie

significanty edcing nnecing

engineeing csts. Designing a pwe

distibtin system (PDS) eies n

sevea anaysis types: esnant

cavity anaysis, netwk anaysis and

dc pwe ss anaysis. The esnant

cavity anaysis pvides an intitive

thee-dimensina k at vtage

diffeences between panes. F

exampe, a se can qicky identify

the catin f esnances between

panes t ndestand any vtage

diffeences that ae ccing between

these panes. Depending n the

esnance seveity, the est can be

detimenta t signaing by casing

i iio. ro

case a change in the ac bad

impedance. The esnances as

case efectins within signa ines,

eading t an enegy tansfmatin

that pdces adiatin.

Resonant Cavity Analysis

The vtage diffeence between

the Vcc (psitive vtage sppy) — the

age pane in Fige 2 — and gnd

is shwn. In additin, anthe paneindicates the vtage diffeence

between Vinpt (the smae pane in

the fige) and gnd. The Vinpt

pane has a shap esnance twad

the ppe ight f the sma pane, as

ciced. This cd be pbematic

becase it is ccing at the sce

f the switching fied-effect tansist

(FET) that cnvets the inpt pwe t

dc. Identifying this esnance sing

cavity anaysis pvides the catin

whee the netwk anaysis shd bepefmed s that the SI designe can

ndestand the ac impedance pfie.

A tw-dimensina netwk anaysis

simatin was pefmed t view

the impedance chaacteistics f the

Vinpt pane. A pt was added t

the sface f the bad at the tpt

f the FET. This cnnectin was made

between the Vinpt and the gnd

pins f the device (Fige 3).

Network Analysis Solution

The netwk anaysis stin

ptin f passive devices ses a

cmbinatin f cmptatina eect-

magnetic stins in cnjnctinwith sevea mdeing techniqes

t ceate accate stins. Passive

devices can be mdeed in thee

fms: simpe (feqency indepen-

dent), agithmic (eqatin-based

feqency dependent) and meased

Figure 1: SIwave software displays a multilayer

PCB imported from a layout design tool along

with a clipped microprocessor core power rail.



analysis tools

32

data (in the fm f Tchstne®

netwk paametes). The igina

design (Fige 5A) shws that the

h ighe f eqencies indicate a

significant change in the impedance

pfie. The impedance pfie f theigina stin ges fm 1.5 hms

at 100 MHz t 105 hms at 700 MHz.

If thee is a signa peating at

and 700 MHz that efeences this

cavity, the signa wi be seveey

degaded de t enegy st by the

adiatin f the fieds. Adding a few

decping capacits between the

Vinpt and gnd panes can

signi f icant y edce the cavity

esnance and impve signa qaity

whie minimizing adiatin. A gdfist-de appximatin can be sed

t hep decide what capacit

chaacteistics shd be sed t

decpe the pane. Setting the

indct i ve eactance eqa t

the capacitive eactance and sving

f capacitance wi hep t btain the

capacitance needed. Hweve, this

eqies the designe t make an

appximatin f the eakage and

mnting indctance. This appxi-

matin is a gd fist-de stin,bt a f-wave stin tiizing

SIwave sftwae wi pvide a mch

me accate answe, incding a

spatia dependence.

using an appximatin, a 240 pF

capacit with an assmed eakage

and mnting indctance f 0.5 nH

was paced acss the Vinpt and

gnd pins f the device (Fige 4).

Fige 5B shws that, sing the

SIwave t’s f-wave netwk

anaysis, the age impedance vaia-tin has been geaty edced at the

highe feqencies. As expected,

the esnance shifted sighty we

bt with a mch smae magnitde

(appximatey 47 hms). T fthe

minimize th is peak, a secnd

decping capacit f 2 nF with

0.5 nH eakage and mnt ing

indctance was added t the ppe

eft cne f the Vinpt pane

(Fige 5C).

This capacit weed the veamagnitdes f the esnance by a

fact f five whie shifting the

esnance sighty we and ceating

a smae esnance f abt 8 MHz.

T ndestand the decping impact

n the entie Vinpt pane, anthe

esnance mde anaysis was

pefmed. The ests fm the

esnant cavity anaysis shw that the

tp haf f the Vinpt pane has beeneffectivey decped sing these

techniqes. The esnant mde

anaysis des nt eqie any sces

becase it is fcsed n the nata

cavities that cc within the bad.

DC Power Loss

In additin t pviding nde-

standing f the pwe distibtin

system ve feqency, SIwave

sftwae anayzes dc sses as we.

using a finite eement methd, the dcvtage dp, dc cent density and

dc pwe ss acss any pane,

tace, wiebnd can be anayzed.

This methd cnsides nnidea

etn paths in its stin, eaizing

that gnd is eative within a PCB.

The se seects the pint(s) t which

a stins wi be efeenced (se

def ines ea th/chass is gnd) .

This aws the designe t anayze

dc vtage, cent and pwe acss

vtage panes, gnd panes, viasand bndwies. In additin, the pwe

ss can be expted t ANSYS Icepak

sftwae t stdy the effects f je

heating n the bad. Fags can be set

Figure 2: SIwave resonance analysis depicts the voltage differences between nets Vinput and ground (smaller plane) and nets

Vcc and ground (larger plane). Resonant cavity analysis before (left) and after (right) addition of the decoupling capacitors

Figure 3: The addition of Port 1 for the

network analysis solution between nets

Vinput and ground

Figure 4: Cutout view of the Vinput (green) and ground (gold) shows the physical location of Port 1, 240 pF capacitor and 2 nF capacitor.

Vinput Vcc Plane

Port 1

Port 1

240 pF Capacitor

2 nF Capacitor


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ansys-advantage-v4-i1-2010 35/52 ANSYS Advantage • Vme IV, Isse 1, 2010www..o 33

t shw pbematic aeas that d nt

meet the specificatins set fth by

the designe. This can hep t detectp ayt designs in which t few

vias wee sed t cnnect pwe ais

n diffeent ayes within the PCB,

which may cmpmise eiabiity and

ead t system faie.

With a ppey designed pwe

distibtin system, EMI and signa

qaity isses ae geaty edced.

A designe can change the fcs fm

pane discntinities t ppe ayt

f signa taces that minimize cping,

efectins and insetin ss. Adesigne can adjst the feqency

sweep, simia t the tw-dimensina

netwk anaysis fm pwe deivey,

t stdy signa cnditining cncens

ve a bad feqency ange. Many

types f ccking achitectes ang

with signa achitectes can be

anayzed, incding, bt nt imited t,

cmmn ccking, sce synch-ns ccking, fwaded ccking and

embedded ccking, incding singe-

ended and diffeentia (incding pana

and badside cping) tansmissin

ine tpgies. Signa csstak

(cping), insetin and etn ss

can be anayzed, whie Tchstne

and F-Wave SPICE fies can be

expted f se in time dmain

cicit simatins. Nea- and fa-fied

simatins can be anayzed within

SIwave sftwae. These stinsaccmmdate feqency-independent

and feqency-dependent vtage and

cent sces. The atte enabe

the designe t accatey qantify the

pwe and feqency spectm f

switching devices. When sed in

Figure 6: Dc analyses between the voltage regulator module (VRM) and the two microprocessors in the middle of the board show voltage drop

across the plane (left), current flowing through the vias near the VRM (center), and current path from the VRM to the two microprocessors (right).

cmbinatin with Ansft Designe

sftwae, bffe mdes (anag and

digita) can be sed t atmaticayceate the feqency dmain pwe

spectm t be sed with the nea-

and fa-fied anayses.

SIwave sftwae’s vesatiity aws

it t seamessy fit int amst any

exist ing design f w f pwe

distibtin design, signa anaysis and

edctin f adiated fieds. SIwave

has the niqe abiity t bing thee

discipines tgethe (pwe integity,

SI and EMC/EMI design) in a singe

envinment. This enabes designenginees t make citica tade-ffs

with a high degee f cnfidence pi

t fabicatin, minimizing time t

maket and design cst whie ensing

bst designs that achieve fist-pass

system sccess. n

Figure 5: A) The original board design without any additional decoupling capacitors; B) analysis number two in which a 240 pF

capacitor was added across the Vinput and ground pins of the FET device; C) analysis number three in which an additional

2 nF capacitor was added in the upper left corner of the Vinput plane

100.00

80.00

60.00

40.00

20.00

0.00

1.00E+006 1.00E+007 1.00E+008

Cve Inf

Mag(Z(P1,P1))Vinpt

Feq [Hz]

Vinpt oigina

a

1.00E+009

Z M a g [ o h m ]

100.00

80.00

60.00

40.00

20.00

0.001.00E+006 1.00E+007 1.00E+008

Cve Inf

Mag(Z(P1,P1))Vinpt 3 with cap

Feq [Hz]

Vinpt with 240 pF Decping Cap

1.00E+009

M a g ( Z ( P 1 , P

1 ) )

B

100.00

80.00

60.00

40.00

20.00

0.001.00E+006 1.00E+007 1.00E+008

Cve Inf

Mag(Z(P1,P1))

Vinpt 3 with 2 caps

Feq [Hz]

Vinpt with 240 pF and 2 nF Decping Caps

1.00E+009

M a g ( Z ( P 1 , P

1 ) )

c

analysis tools



analysis tools


have passed qaity cnt if nt f the se f eect-

thema csimatin.

The exampe bad cntains cmpex inte-

cnnectins f tace tings, pwe/gnd panes,

discete cmpnents (esists, capacits, indcts,

etc.) and anding pads f sdeing ICs and the semi-

cndct packages t the bad. Pwe t these ICs

and semicndct packages is pvided by a vtage

egat mde (VrM), with dc cent fwing fm the

VrM thgh a singe via t a main sppy pane wheethe cent speads t t feed a the semicndct

devices. Cncentatin f cent at the singe via is high,

esting in cnsideabe esistive ss at that pint.

Predicting Circuit BoardHot Spots with Electro-thermal CosimulationMtiphysics anaysis with SIwave and ANSYS Icepak accatey

detemines thema distibtin n cmpex PCBs.By Aaron Edwards, Technical Account Manager, and Kamal Karimanal, Lead Technical Services Engineer, ANSYS, Inc.

Excessive heat is the enemy f eectnic pats,

especiay integated cicits (ICs) in densey packed,

pwe-hngy eectnic devices. Inceased eves f

eectica cent eqiements in these appicatins mst

be cnsideed in the pinted cicit bad (PCB) design t

cmbat the geneatin f je heat.

Enegy efficiency can be ptimized by minimizingcent density eves, even at the expense f sighty

highe esistance paths. Hweve, a geneay enegy-

efficient cicit can n the isk f veheating at spts de

t spikes in cent fw ates at ca bttenecks in the

cicity. Whie sch bttenecks can be identified thgh

bad-eve cent fw simatins, thema anaysis is

needed t ense that heat dissipatin is sfficient and

that the tempeate ise de t cent spikes is bew

ecmmended eves.

Cent fw and thema anaysis simatins

pevisy wee pefmed sepaatey, bt nw they can

be cmbined in a mtiphysics-based bad-eve eect-

thema csimatin pvided by a ink between the

SIwave eectmagnetic fied sve and the ANSYS Icepak

thema anaysis sve f eectnics packages. In this

way, these tw sves wk tgethe as next-geneatin

ts that enabe enginees t accatey pedict heat

distibtin and tempeate in cmpex cicit bads.

ANSYS Icepak sftwae has been sed by eectnics

enginees as the best-in-cass thema management t

f many yeas. Cping SIwave techngy with thema

simatins adds an npecedented fideity that aws

enginees t make me-infmed decisins n the designbased n inceased awaeness f pwe dissipatin,

cent cnstaints and thema ht-spt catins. The

fwing exampe shws hw a bad design cd

Color-coded vector plot of current from SIwave software shows high-

density “current crowding” in red near the single via that connects the

top layer of the circuit board to the main power supply plane for all

semiconductor devices.



analysis tools


SIwave sftwae was sed t stdy cent

distibtin thght this cicit bad, with the design

impted int the t fm its igina thid-paty ayt

envinment. By sing SIwave techngy, enginees cd

visaize the cent cwding at the singe via. What they

cd nt see fm this simatin ane was the thema

ht-spt in this egin and the exact tempeate ise

cased by the eectica cent fw thgh the via.

F the tempeate impicatins t be detemined,

the heat distibtin tpt fm the SIwave simatin

PCB Signal and Power Integrity

SIwave sftwae fm ANSYS is an eectmagnetic fied

sve that pefms badband signa- and pwe-

integity anaysis ang with dc vtage and cent

anaysis f cmpete pinted cicit bads and

integated cicit packages. Wheeas 3-D eect-

magnetic sves that eqie temends eves f

cmpte esces ae pactica in stdying ny

ptins f a cicit bad, the SIwave pdct

pvides a highy efficient and accate f-wave

stin f an entie cmpex bad sing a 2-D finite

eement methd techniqe that takes int accnt:

A discete cmpnents n the bad, sch as•

esists, indcts, capacits and feites

resnances that cc between intena panes•

retn path f taces that may tavese the•

entie bad

A tace and pane cping eevant t the•

simatin

regading je heating, SIwave sftwae can

pefm a dc Ir dp simatin that can sve f the

cent path f the panes. F a given vtage sce

pint and a cent daw catin, the SIwave pdct

can sve the exact path f the cent as it taves

fm sce t sink and can cacate the vtage dp

n the panes de t esistive sses. This insight is

imptant fm a thema pespective becase it

pvides vaabe insight int high-cent aeas that

wd ceate the mst esistive sses and, ths,tansate int the highest egins f heat dissipatin.

The abiity t k at the pefated pwe and gnd

ais pvides a eve f fideity that cd nt be

cped with thema design in the past.

Resonant mode simulation with SIwave software highlights the

locations of standing waves and indicates components that might

be coupling into the modes.

was ead int the ANSYS Icepak mde f thema sim-

atin. The cmbinatin f the ts detemined the

excessive tempeate ise in this egin and awed f

this design faw t be accatey detemined and cected

by enginees. This was a pefmed in the eay stages f

design, befe pttype mckp bads wee fabicated. n

The authors acknowledge contributions to this article fromKapil Sahu and Birenda David of ANSYS India.

ANSYS Icepak simulation (left) performed without the heat distribution input from SIwave software does not show the hot spot.

Temperatures approaching 110 degrees C were revealed using the two programs coupled in a cosimulation (right).



ANSYS Icepak fid fw sftwae is sed by

eectnics design teams wdwide f a vaiety f

easns, incding:

Native as we as neta MCAD mde•

impt capabiities

Capabiity t impt eectnics ayt fies•

sch as Gebe, Cadence® and IDF fmat fies

Pdctivity enhancement thgh its ibay•

f IC package mdes

Macs f heat sink and themeectic ces•

use-fiendy mdes f fans, bwes and•

attach mateias

The capabiities achitected and bit int ANSYS

Icepak techngy ve a decade f cse indsty

cabatin fm the fndatin f the next

geneatin f mtiphysics-based cdesign methd-

gies. In the stdy f thema behavi f a typicacicit bad, this t has the capabiity t ead in

tace gemety f detaied anaysis f bth tace and

pane ayes, f exampe, and as t identify the

caized distibtin f diectina cndctivity

based n a bad metaizatin ayt. Accate as

we as cmptatinay pactica, this cndctivity

estimatin techngy fms the basis f the next

geneatin f mtiphysics-based bad-eve eect-

thema cdesign between SIwave and ANSYS

Icepak sftwae.

Thermal Management of Electronics Packages

ANSYS Icepak software has the capability to determine effective

conductivity of copper layers on a PCB based on metal content

and directionality on the board.

analysis tools



Boosting Memory

Capacity with SSDsSid-state dives ae a cst-effective way t addfast memy t wkstatins.

By Jeff Beisheim, Senior Software Developer, ANSYS, Inc.

one f the main facts imiting the

size f simatins that can be n

n a wkstatin is the amnt f

physica memy ( rAM) avaiaben the machine. Me rAM can be

added, bt ny s many sts ae

avaiabe n the machine, and high-

capacity rAM is eativey expensive.

T hep aeviate this difficty,

eqatin sves ften tiize vacant

space n the had disk dive (HDD) —

the spinning medim that pvides a

faiy inexpensive means f ng-tem

stage f age amnts f data. A

250-gigabyte (GB) had dive — abt

as sma as y can get these days —can be pchased f ny abt $50

(u.S.), f exampe. The dawback is

an de-f-magnitde speed penaty,

with the eativey sw inpt/tpt

(I/o) speed f the HDD geneay

bew 100 MB/secnd, ften esting

in significanty nge n times.

HDD

SSD

HDD

SSD

For this study, approximately 1 million

degrees of freedom (DOF) were analyzed for

200 frequencies. Elapsed times are compared

for simulations on a workstation having two

file systems: one with a single SCSI 10k rpm

hard disk drive, another with four Intel® X25-E

64 GB SATA SSDs.

Considerable I/O was performed in an analysis requiring about 30 GB of disk space to

run the ANSYS distributed sparse solver on a workstation containing only 24 GB of RAM.

The reduced seek times for the SSD significantly improved I/O performance, thus helpingto shorten solution time as more cores are involved.

Solution Time for ANSYS Mechanical Modal

Analysis with Block Lanczos Eigensolver

SSD Scalability of Distributed ANSYS Simulation

This is whee eativey inexpen-

sive sid-state dives (SSDs) with

minima seek times in eading fies

can be tiized t damaticay qicken

stin times, paticay with

simatins invving high eves f

I/o t be pefmed. Whie expensive

eative t HDDs, SSDs ae cnside-

aby faste than HDDs and ae

appximatey tw t thee times ess

expensive than rAM f the same

nmbe f gigabytes. SSDs as ffe

sevea the advantages ve

HDDs, sch as n nise and high

mechanica eiabiity de t the ack

f mving pats — athgh SSDs d

cnsme me eecticity than HDDs

and have a sef ife imited by the

nmbe f times data can be witten

and ewitten at a given catin.

using SSDs with sftwae fm

ANSYS is faiy staightfwad.

once the wking diecty f thesftwae is set t the SSD fi e

system, a I/o eqests dne by

the sftwae wi then tiize the

SSD. The ecmmended cnfig-

atin f mtipe dives is rAID-0

(edndant aay f independent

disks), which distibtes data eqay

amng them.

In ANSYS Mechanica sftwae,

stins invving the spase sve,

distibted spase sve bck

lanczs eigensve nning in the

t-f-ce memy mde typicay

pefm the mst amnt f I/o and,

theefe, see the mst benefit fm

SSDs. In ne sch mda anaysis,

tansfeing 3 teabytes (TB) f data

t and fm the disk tk neay

40,000 secnds n a singe HDD

vess abt 5,000 secnds sing

SSDs in a rAID-0 cnfigatin. In

anthe case, a tbine anaysis with

the ANSYS distibted spase sve

eqiing age amnts f I/o n

an eight-ce wkstatin was cm-

peted in ess than 600 secnds with

SSDs, cmpaed with me than

1,700 secnds n HDDs. F thissimatin, each Distibted ANSYS

pcess had t ead/wite its wn set

f fies, esting in a cnsideabe

nmbe f I /o eqests t be

pefmed ding stin. n

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0

T o t a l E l a p s e d T i m e ( s e c )

1 Core 2 Cores 4 Cores 8 Cores

HDD

SSD

45000

40000

35000

30000

25000

20000

15000

10000

5000

0

T o t a l E l a p s e d T i m e ( s e c )

Using 1 Core

HDD

SSD

analysis tools



academic


Students Win Using

Simulation-Driven Design Affiiatin with ANSYS heps the univesity f WateFma Mtspts team win an awad f an innvativeai intake design at the Fma SAE Michigan 2009 cmpetitin.

By Anish Ganesh, Intake System Designer, University of Waterloo Formula Motorsports, Canada

The univesity f Wate (uW) Fma Mtspts

team is a stdent-peated ganizatin, based in Canada,that designs and bids an pen-whee ace ca t

cmpete in the anna Fma SAE cmpetitin.

oganized by SAE Intenatina (fmey the Sciety f

Atmtive Enginees), the anna cmpetitin chaenges

stdent teams fm and the gbe t design, fabicate,

maket and ace a fma-stye atcss vehice. The

cmpetitin is divided int tw main categies: static and

dynamic events. The static events cnsist f engineeing

design cmpetitin, maketing pesentatin, cst ept

and technica inspectin. The dynamic events incde

acceeatin, skid pad, atcss, fe ecnmy and a

22-kimete endance test.The univesity f Wate Fma Mtspts team

has made geat pgess in the design f thei 2010 ca.

one f the mst significant changes f the pcming

seasn is the tansitin t the secnd-geneatin Hnda

CBr 600 rr pwepant, which is ighte, smae and

me pwef than its incmbent, the Hnda CBr 600

F4i. This tansitin eqies many cmpnents t be

edesigned. FSAE ace ca cmpetitin es imit engine

pwe by esticting a ai f engine cmbstin t pass

thgh a 20-miimete he. Theefe, ptimizing the

fw f ai thgh the intake gemety is ccia in

pviding the desied engine pefmance. The uW teamsaw this e as an pptnity f innvatin, and it set

t t mdify the wa gemety appaching and depating

this ai fw estict t btain maximm fw f ai int

the engine.

using ANSYS CFX sftwae f a thee-dimensina

cmptatina fid dynamics (CFD) anaysis, the team

achieved an ptima design f the intake estict f the

engine with cnsideabe edctin in devepment time

and cst. The ga was t maximize the

pesse ecvey thgh the estict.

At the maximm peating cnditin f

the engine, the ptimized designimpves the pesse ecvey f the

estict by 4 pecent, whie the vea

ength f the design is inceased by ny

5 pecent.

The intake system designe sed ANSYS DesignMdee

sftwae t geneate a paametic epesentatin f the

2009 University of Waterloo Formula Motorsports car

estict gemety. The fid vme and face meshes

eqied f a the gemeties wee ceated in the ANSYSMeshing appicatin and wee impted int ANSYS CFX

sftwae, in which the fid ppeties and physics wee

defined and the fid fw simatins wee pefmed.

The stdents anayzed simatin ests sing the

ANSYS CFD-Pst pst-pcessing t.

The uW team cnsideed a nmbe f estict

gemety cncepts. The ANSYS CFD-Pst t was

sed t cacate pesse ecvey and t detect fw

Final design of the

air inlet restrictor

2009 car showing the air inlet that was redesigned



academic


sepaatin de t viscs effects and advese pesse

gadients f each f the gemeties. De t the pesencef fw sepaatin, sevea design cncepts, incding the

igina, wee discaded.

As t the emaining design cncepts, the team

seected the ne that demnstated the best pesse

ecvey f fthe efinement sing the ga-diven

ptimizatin t in ANSYS DesignXpe sftwae within

the ANSYS Wkbench envinment. This t impements

a design-f-expeiments pcede that ecgnizes the

paametes set in the gemety-ceatin stage. The t

vaies the paametes t defined anges, mdifies

the gemety and mesh, and btains stins f a the

anges atmaticay. Based n the ests eqied, ANSYS DesignXpe identified the thee ptimm

candidates that ffied the design eqiements. In this

case, the fina ptimized design was seected based n

this ptimizatin pcess. The ptimized estict design

heps t impve the vea pefmance f the engine by

bsting the fw f ai int the engine, theefe inceasing

cmbstin efficiency whie edcing emissins.

Fid fw simatin is a vita t f engine system

devepes. The abiity t impve pesse ecvey

To the Finish Line

Tday’s ndegadate stdents ae tmw’s

enginees and eseaches. Fma SAE is designed

t pmte caees and exceence in engineeing,

and, as a patne t the pgam, ANSYS pvides

its engineeing simatin sftwae t stdent

paticipants. Centy, neay 50 nivesity teams se

ANSYS t design thei fma cas, many with

tstanding ests.

“ANSYS is cmmitted t wking with nivesities

in many ways,” said Pa lethbidge, ANSYS

academic pdct stategy and panning manage.

“This exciting pject takes stdents t f the cass-

m and aws them t appy textbk theies t

ea wk expeiences. Fma SAE gives them a geat

fndatin in sing Smat Engineeing Simatin ts

that they wi empy thght thei caees.”

and minimize fw sepaatin in the estict design has

awed the team t maximize the pefmance andefficiency f the new pwepant. Fma Mtspt

teams extensivey se CFD simatin t qicky and

cst-effectivey evaate the pefmance f thei intake

system designs and t investigate the impact f design

changes n vea vehice pefmance. This pcess

eiminates the need f mtipe pttype cyces in which

f-size esticts ae cnstcted f physica

fw-bench testing.

The univesity f Wate Mtspts team wn the

2009 Fma SAE CFdesign Cmptatina Fid

Dynamics Awad pesented ding the 2009 Fma SAE

cmpetitin hed in May 2009 at the Michigan IntenatinaSpeedway. The uW team eceived the hn f thei se

f CFD t ptimize the ai fw thgh the estict f

thei 2010 intake system. n

The author has worked at ANSYS, Inc. as a technical writer for fourco-operative work terms. ANSYS CFX developers assisted him on variousaspects of the restrictor design. The Formula Motorsports team at theUniversity of Waterloo acknowledges ANSYS for its continual support indeveloping a winning car.

Pressure contours for the air inlet on the original design (top)

and two alternatives (below)

Velocity vectors on the original design (top) and two

alternatives (below)

University of Waterloo Formula Motorsports team in 2009



academic

40

Teaching Simulationto Future Engineers ANSYS Wkbench faciitates integatin f simatinint the engineeing cicm.

By Rajesh Bhaskaran, Swanson Director of Engineering Simulation, Cornell University, Ithaca, U.S.A.

Cne univesity is highy egaded

in the engineeing cmmnity: Its

Cege f Engineeing has been

anked as ne f the tp seven

engineeing pgams in the united

States by U.S. News & World Report.

Cne ses sftwae fm ANSYS

t depy mden simatin tech-

ngy in f ndegadate cses

in the mechanica and aespace

engineeing (M&AE) cica. The

cses cve divese sbject aeassch as fid dynamics, heat tansfe,

sid mechanics and nmeica

methds. These ffeings incde

eqied, ab-based casses as we as

eective, ecte-based casses.

Cne’s M&AE depatment is

tansitining t the ANSYS Wkbench

patfm s stdents can empy the

same se inteface and wkfw

egadess f sbject aea. This tans-

itin wi ceate a nifm eaning

expeience acss the M&AE ci-

ca. othe advantages eated

t ANSYS Wkbench incde a me

se-fiendy inteface, easie CAD

impts and atmatin f epetitive

tasks. The tansitin is ccing n a

cse-by-cse basis and is expected

t be cmpeted by sping 2011.

I M&AE 4272 F lu ids/Heat

Transfer Lab, Cne stdents se

ANSYS Academic sftwae t sim-

ate a fced cnvectin expeiment

cnsisting f thee sectins f a

smth-waed cica pipe. The fist

pipe sect in is nheated and

geneates a fy deveped tbent

vecity pfie; the midde sectin is

heated t pvide enegy inpt t the

ai; and the fina sectin is insated,

pviding an adiabatic mixing ength

that enabes a singe eading f the

fina ai tempeate. Instments

pvide measements f mass fw

ate and heat inpt, as we as

pesse and tempeate at vais

catins. A fid dynamics simatin

2010 courses at Cornell involving software from ANSYS

Schematic representation of the heated flow apparatus used in M&AE 4272 Fluids/Heat Transfer Lab at Cornell. A, B, C and D are pressure taps; labels 1 to 10 are locations of thermocouples.

Course Title TypeApproximateEnrollment Software

Mechanical Property & Performance Lab

Required 120 ANSYS Mechanical 11.0

Fluids/Heat Transfer Lab Required 120 ANSYS FLUENT 12.0

Finite Element Analysis Elective 40 ANSYS Mechanical 11.0

Intermediate Fluid Dynamics Elective 50 FLUENT 6.3

cespnding t this expeiment was

intdced in 2003 s stdents cd

see the expeimenta and simated

appaches side by side. FluENT/

FloWlAB sftwae was sed f

this nti 2009, when it was epaced

with the ANSYS Academic CFD

pdct, which nw fy integates

ANSYS FluENT sftwae.

The incpatin f ANSYS

FluENT and ANSYS Wkbench int

the ANSYS Academic CFD pdct

has a wed Cne t epace

FluENT/FloWlAB techngy whie

etaining imptant feates that

cntibte t a apid eaning cve

and ease f se. Stdents ean the

simatin pcess via web-based

ttias that se nmina data.

Stdents then epeat the cac-

atins sing thei wn expeimenta

cnditins. The gemety ceatinand mesh steps ae ptina, and the

sve step is simpified sing defat

settings. This pcess pvides

stdents with an adeqate stin

t the simatins whie awing

qick tnand time.

fw d h a a mx

6'6'

15"

8'

15" 15" 15" 15" 15"6"4" 3" 3" 3"

6"4"

a b c d

100"

1 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 (t) 2



academic

41

Stdents eview backgnd

infmatin n the simatin pcess

thgh a pesentatin whie waitingf the expeiment appaats t each

steady state. They ean that in the

fid fw simatin, ANSYS FluENT

sftwae sves a bnday vae

pbem (BVP) cespnding t the

expeimenta setp, biding n

BVP cncepts cnsideed in eaie

cses. The pesentatin asks

stdents t cnside what the

gvening eqatins, bnday

cnditins and dmain shd be

f this BVP. Stdents ean hwt specify the BVP in the sftwae via

the web-based tt ia , which

pvides a high-eve cncepta

desciptin f discetizatin, iteative

cnvegence and reynds aveaging

f the gvening eqatins.

The fid dynamics simatin

pvides ich visaizatin capabiities

that ae extemey sef in deveping

a physica ndestanding f fid

fws. The est pts shw the

axisymmetic tempeate fied in

the pipe, demnstating hw the heat

added at the wa diffses int the

fw. Stdents can see that the fw is

we mixed at the end f the adiabaticmixing sectin, which cnfims an

assmptin in the expeiment. The

cmpaisn between expeiment and

simatin f the tempeate

vaiatin ang the pipe axis can be

ptted ang with ests fm the

igina and efined meshes. The fina

bk tempeate ise btained fm

bth expeiment and simatin

agees we.

The steps in the ttia ae a

speset f the pject schematic in

the ANSYS Wkbench envinment.

A veificatin and vaidatin (V&V)

step fws the ests step t

einfce the imptance f checking

cmptatina ests thgh a

fma pcess. The veificatin step

cnsides the qestin: “Did we

sve the BVP cecty?” In this

intdctin t fid dynamics,

stdents ae eqied ny t efine

the mesh f the s imat in .The vaidatin step cnsides the

qestin: “Did we sve the ight

BVP?” Stdents check this by

cmpaing thei simatin ests

with expeiment. Simia web-based

ttias ae sed in the the M&AE

ndegadate cses; V&V is the

fina step in each ttia. Cne

pans t incpate the atest V&V

thinking int the ttias and t

in t dce s tdents t e ated

standads fm ASME and NAFEMS.In this way, V&V can be given a

me pminent and cnsistent e

in the cicm.Temperature distribution in the pipe obtained

using ANSYS FLUENT software

Temperature variation along the pipe axis

obtained from CFD and experiment

Steps in the tutorial (left) are a superset of the project schematic in ANSYS Workbench (right).

Thee is a cncen in academia

that the vehead f eaning t secmmecia simatin pdcts is

high, and this pevents integatin f

sch ts int the cicm. Cne

has been sccessfy addessing this

cncen with the hep f sftwae

inteface impvements ffeed by the

ANSYS Wkbench envinment.

These incde the integatin f

stcta mechanics and fid fw

simatin ts in a cmmn intitive

inteface and the atmatin f

epet i t ive tasks; the ts ae

agmented by caefy designed

nine ttias that teach sftwae

se and pbem-sving skis.

In tansitining the cses t

the ANSYS Wkbench patfm,

Cne pans t se the same ttia

stcte pevisy descibed,

expanding n the nifm stcte

ffeed by ANSYS Wkbench acss

appicatin aeas. Stdents wi be

abe t see that the same high-evepincipes appy whethe sving

sid mechanics thema–fids

pbems. Instcts at Cne

expect that if stdents see the

same stin pcess being fwed

epeatedy in diffeent sbject aeas,

they ae me ikey t intenaize

this appach and t appy it in new

sitatins. ANSYS Wkbench is

heping Cne t pvide stdents

with a gd fmative expeience

in simatin acss the M&AEcicm, ne that ndegadates

can cay int thei caees as

pacticing enginees. n

fluent f c

fluent f c m 2

eXpt

t

e m p e r a u r e [ k ]

X []

320

315

310

305

300

2950 1 2 3 4 5 6 7



World-Class Composites Analysis by Alinghi

Embacing Simatin Diven Pdct Devepment,

Team Ainghi ceated thei 33d Ameica’s Cp yacht.By Shane Moeykens, Strategic Partnerships, ANSYS, Inc.

The Ameica’s Cp, saiing’s mst pestigis egatta,

staged its 33d event in winte 2010. The cntest pitted

tw 90-ft-ng mtih yachts against each the, a

beak fm the smae, cnventina sps f pevis

aces. Cmpaed with taditina yachts, mtih vesses

have a smae pptin f the bat in the wate,

especiay when “fying a h” — a tactic that ppsey

aises a bt ne f the hs t f the wate t dasticayedce hyddynamic dag. Becase mtihs ae s

wide, they can cay mch geate sai aea than simia-

sized mnhs, fthe inceasing hsepwe-t-weight

ati. The 33d Cp bats wee the fastest, mst pwef

and mst exteme in the ace’s histy.

Team Ainghi’s catamaan, Ainghi 5, few the cs

f the Sciété Natiqe de Genève, Switzeand.

A 23-membe design

team ceated the yacht

with scientific advice fm

Ece Pytechniqe Fédéae de

lasanne (EPFl). The Ainghi 5 is 90 feet

by 90 feet at the wateine, wide and nge

abve the wateine, and capabe f speeds in excess

f 40 knts. This giant is bit amst entiey f ight-weight, high-stength cmpsite mateias. Ding its

maiden vyage, the cew scceeded in fying a h, an

accmpishment that wed mch t the design team’s

detaied wk, which eied heaviy n simatin ts

fm ANSYS.

Design eqiements f the 2010 ace wee

npecedented. lading n stcta cmpnents and

vesse speed wee nike anything eve seen in Ameica’s

Cp acing. Becase f Ainghi 5’s width, the cew wd

be sbject t ife-theatening cnditins if the bat

capsized — they wd be ppeed 90 feet int the ai,

taveing at high speed — s safety was a maj cncenfm the beginning. optic-fibe senss pvided ea-time

mniting f stain n the h, Y-shaped spine and bm,

a cnstcted fm cmpsites.

Formed by the Swiss entrepreneur Ernesto Bertarelli in 2000

to compete in America’s Cup racing, Team Alinghi brought

the Cup to Europe in 2003 for the first time in 152 years.

Alinghi flies the colors of the Société Nautique de Genève,

Switzerland, and comprises more than 100 team members

of 20 different nationalities.©s g/a.

Starting the build: laying out honeycomb core material hull mold at

Decision SA, Switzerland©c b/a.

Alinghi 5 sandwich composite with

the aluminum honeycomb core© a.

www..o

partners




partners


The catamaan has tw

hs, bit sing a sandwich-

stcted cmpsite with an aminmhneycmb ce. This specia cass f

cmpsite mateia is fabicated by attaching tw

thin-bt-stiff skins t a ightweight-bt-eativey-thick

ce. The thickness f the hneycmb ce pvides the

sandwich cmpsite with high bending stiffness and ve-

a w density. Anags t an I-beam, the hneycmb

fanges cay diect cmpessin and tensin ads — as

d the sandwich facings — and the web caies shea

ads — as des the sandwich ce. Cmmny fnd

in high-tech aespace appicatins, an aminm

hneycmb ce pvides exceent stength, weight and

csin-esistance chaacteistics. The skins f thesandwich-stcted cmpsite ae a mixte f cabn

fibe, epxy and pe-impegnated aminates.

The h is fmed sing a femae md. laminate

ayes ae appied at pedetemined thicknesses and

ientatins, and then heated. This aye is bnded t the

hneycmb ce. The inne skin is bnded t the hney-

cmb stcte, cmpeting the sandwich cmpsite.

Eight t 10 ayes f cabn fibe mateia ae appied

tside the hneycmb ce, with anthe 10 ayes n

the inside. Nminay, the h cnsists f 21 ayes,

incding the aminm hneycmb ce.

Given the es gvening the Ameica’s Cp ace,

teams have eativey itte time t design a vesse fm

scatch. Even the amnt f time avaiabe f pttype

testing is imited; hence, the design team mst ey heaviy

n cmpte simatin. “Ding design, cnstctin

and n-the-wate ptimizatin f the yacht and systems,

the maj fact eading t sccess is the efficient se

f time,” said Kt Jdan, the Ainghi enginee

espnsibe f stcta mdeing. “The abiity t tst

engineeing simatin ts whie mving fm vita

design diecty t systems n the wate — with minima

ften n intemediate pttype testing steps — is aninheent eqiement f the Ameica’s Cp cmpetitin.

F these easns, we seected ANSYS as excsive

sppie f engineeing simatin stins.”

Evey cmpnent f the Ainghi 5 ndewent ineaand nninea stcta anaysis. This wk incded a

aminate ptimizatin stdy f the h that cnsideed

mtipe ad cases. Bth mac- and cnstitent-eve

ppeties f the aminate mateias wee taken int

accnt, specifying thtpic mateia ppeties f

each individa aye in the h’s sandwich-stcted

cmpsite, sing she eements and the ANSYS

Mechanica sve. The skin f the sandwich-stcted

cmpsite exhibits nnthtpic behavi de t the

cmbined infence f each f the individa ayes,

thei stacking de and aignment. T expedite this

ptimizatin stdy, ANSYS Mechanica ns wee at-

mated sing batch fie exectin. Stcta anaysis was

caied t n the cmpsite-fabicated Y-shaped spine

and bm sing she eements and a symmety pane.

Whie fabicated fm cmpsites, these cmpnents

acked any st f hneycmb ce.

Athgh the time fame awed imited pttype

testing, faie testing was pefmed n sme f the

stcta cmpnents sing test eqipment at EPFl. F

the aminate mateias, cycic testing was cndcted t

detemine when the fibes cmmenced beaking dwn.

Inspectin f the aminates between tests was dne singtasnd measements.

Cncent with the stcta anaysis, Ainghi

pefmed fw anaysis sing ANSYS CFX sftwae.

Vitay evey cmpnent was evaated fm a hyd-

dynamics pespective, paying patica attentin t the

mast, the tw main stcta spas cnnecting the twin

hs, the dde and the daggebad. “The chaenge

is t detemine the ptima cmpmise between the

stcta eqiements and the hyddynamic eqie-

ments,” said Jim Bngene, Ainghi fw simatin

enginee. “Thick, bnt bdies pefm we fm a

stcta pespective, bt thin, naw-pfie bdies aedesied f thei dag ppeties. By wking excsivey

with engineeing simatin ts fm ANSYS, we had the

abiity t cpe stcta anaysis with fw anaysis,

taking advantage f the cmpatibiity between sves

within the ANSYS pdct site.” n

One of the key design features of the Alinghi 5 is its

light but stiff Y-shaped central spine. Consisting of a

minimal truss system of compression members and the cable

stays below them, the spine transmits the vessel’s huge loads.© a.

ANSYS Composite PrepPost software was evaluated by the team,

which noted its usefulness for determining characteristic material

properties of laminate materials, taking into account stacking of the

layers (orientation, layering order, etc.).© a.



partners

44

Getting Out All the BreaksPatt & Mie get ahead f the ace by edesigning a bake pedasing ANSYS with fe-safe fatige anaysis sftwae.

By Gary Latham, Design Office Manager, Pratt & Miller Engineering, New Hudson, U.S.A.

In wd-cass at acing, mechanics

ften epsitin the bake peda face

t cmpy with dive pefeence.

Bt mving the peda ff cente int-

dces a significant twisting mment

— a sitatin that inceases stesses

which can ead t meta fatige.

Patt & Mie Engineeing is

ecgnized and the wd as a

fmidabe fce in bth mtspts

and high-eve engineeing. The Patt

& Mie team discveed that ne f

its ace cas pematey demn-

stated sma cacks n its bake

peda faces. Thei initia investigatin

shwed that the cacks stated neathe pivt pin, which ed the team t

eaize that mechanics wee epsi-

tining the peda face. As the peda

face was mved fathe and fathe

ff cente, the esting twisting

mment ested in a cack at the

high-stess catin. Ftnatey,

enginees discveed the pbem

befe any accidents cced.

Brake pedal crack with simulation of equivalent stresses

Becase the igina peda design

had nt taken int accnt any afte-

maket mdificatins, Patt & Mieenginees set t t edesign the

citica cmpnent. The ga was

t geaty incease the fatige ife

witht cmpmising ace pef-

mance. Simpy veengineeing any

pat is nt an ptin in mtspts,

as weight is sch a vita cnside-

atin. race ca enginees have t

skit the imit n pats: Weight csts

speed, ap times and, timatey, the

ace. With the next ace scheded

jst thee days away, the pat had tbe designed, veified and machined

qicky. T get an ptima edesign

in the shtest amnt f time, the

Patt & Mie engineeing team

empyed stcta mechanics sim-

atin sing the ANSYS Mechanica

pdct tgethe with fe-safe™

fatige anaysis sftwae fm Safe

Techngy limited.



tips and tricks


Topology Persistence Steamine the innvative design pcess sing diect CAD intefaces.

By Robin Steed, Senior Applications Specialist, ANSYS, Inc.

Many f thse invved in engineeing simatin fee that

embedded CAD ts shd be sed f pfnt sim-

atin becase they ae tighty inked t the CAD mde,

wheeas CAD-neta systems, sch as thse empyed

in sftwae fm ANSYS, ae bette sed dwnsteam f

the design pcess f vaidatin. Hweve, sing the

ANSYS diect CAD intefaces pvides sme benefits that

CAD-embedded ts cannt ffe.

ANSYS diect CAD intefaces d mch me than

impt gemety. They aw access t the ive gemety

in a CAD system. The tansatin fm native CAD t

the ANSYS Wkbench patfm is pefmed thgh

appicatin pgamming intefaces (API) pbished by the

CAD vends. These APIs pvide diect access t the ive

mdes (what y’e wking n nw, nt what is saved),

which ae tansfeed t ANSYS Wkbench witht any

Topology using ANSYS CAD interfaces is persistent and allows for process streamlining.

Original Model

F i l e - B a s e d T r a n s f e r

A N S Y S D i r e c t I n t e r f a c e

Changed Dimensions Added Rounds

Face Moves

Face Persists



tips and tricks


additina intemediate fies tansatin. This pcess

pvides the mst accate and eiabe gemety

tansfe pssibe.

APIs as aw sftwae fm ANSYS t access the

infmatin, sch as paametes, attibtes incding

named egins and mateia ppeties, and, mst

imptant, tpgy. Witht tpgy, many f the

advanced capabiities enabed thgh the ANSYS

Wkbench envinment wd nt be neay as sef.

Tpgy can be thght f as the names f paces n

a map: Cnties ae tined, and each space is abeed

with a cnty name. In the same manne, bdies, faces

and edges in a 3-D mde have names intena t the

CAD system. This aws the system t cate egins

cnsistenty as changes ae made t the mde. What if

smene gave y a map f the wd with a sepaate ist

f cnty names? What if they gave y a map with the

cnty names paced in the wng catins? The map

wdn’t be vey sef. This is exacty what happens

when gemety fies ae tansfeed sing a neta

fie fmat.

As an exampe, stat with a simpe fie in a CAD

system, expt a STEP fie, and then impt the STEP fieint the ANSYS Wkbench patfm. Within ANSYS

Wkbench, assign a niqe c t each face f the

mde (f exampe, sing a meshed bdy in CFD-Pst).

retn t the CAD system and change the gemety

sighty. Expt this new mde as a STEP fie and epace

the igina mde in ANSYS Wkbench, esing the

existing setp. When viewed in CFD-Pst, the same

intena faces emain (ike the names f the cnties in

the map exampe), bt thei catins have a mved.

Each face is nw epesented by a new c.

The same pbem ccs when adding new featest the mde, sch as chamfeed nds n the edge f

the bx. New faces shw as ange in the exampe, bt,

when sing STEP tansfe, pevisy existing faces ae

nw ange. If these cs wee gemety peatins,

mesh cnts, ads and bnday cnditins, then a

catins wd eqie pdating; n a cmpicated

mde, it might be bette t stat fm the beginning.

If the same pcede is fwed sing an ANSYS

diect inteface t tansfe the gemety, a the faces

etain thei igina c. ony the new nds appea

ange. New faces can sti pse pbems if they need t

be seected addessed in y anaysis, bt this is sti

mch ess wk than having the new faces scambed

amng the existing faces.

Becase the sftwae cannt ndestand what the

gemety is, it eies n intena names t keep tack f

whee t d things. If these intena names ae st

eaanged sing fie-based tansfe, pcesses appied

t the egins epesented by these names wi nt

be eevant.

ANSYS Wkbench enabes ese f the anaysis

pcess when changes ae made t gemety.

This pcess appies t gemety peatins in the ANSYS

DesignMdee t, mesh settings in ANSYS Mechanica

and Meshing Patfm, and ads and bnday cndi-

tins in the vais simatin envinments. With a diectCAD inteface, gemety changes in the CAD

system ae simpy pdated thgh the entie ANSYS

Wkbench pject. Gemety can be changed witht

the need t eappy these settings.

This tpgica pesistence is as a key enabe f

design expatin, in which ANSYS Wkbench can

atmaticay pdate the CAD mde and en mtipe

anayses. Tpgica pesistence edces setp time

f gemety mdificatins, s this time can be sed t

expeiment with pssibe design changes, eiminate bad

ideas qicky and highight pmising candidates — a withvey itte wk p fnt. This edces the vaiabe cst f

simatin and aws f design innvatin — t pvide

vae f y, y depatment and y cmpany. n

What if smene gave y a map f the wd with

a sepaate ist f cnty names? What if they gave y a

map with the cnty names paced in the wng catins?

This is exacty what happens when gemety fies ae

tansfeed sing a neta fie fmat.



Best of Both Worlds:Combining APDL with

ANSYS Workbench forStructural Simulationsusing ANSYS Wkbench techniqes with APDl deivesthe mst benefit fm ANSYS stcta mechanics stins.

By Pierre Thieffry, Lead Product Manager, ANSYS, Inc.

Whethe y ae a ngtime ANSYS

Mechanica APDl se wndeing,

“What is s gd abt ANSYS

Wkbench that eveyne sggests I

se it?” an ANSYS Wkbench se

thinking, “I can’t find the bttn, s

hw can I se this feate?” y can

make bette se f ANSYS mech-

anica stins by cmbining a f

the avaiabe techngies. Ding s

wi aw y t achieve pcesscmpessin whie pefming me-

advanced simatins.

APDl — ANSYS Paametic

Design langage — is the pimay

angage sed t cmmnicate

with the ANSYS Mechanica APDl

sve. This scipting angage can be

sed t atmate cmmn tasks

even t bid a paametic mde.

APDl encmpasses a wide ange f

the feates, sch as if-then-ese

cnstcts, d-ps, and vect and

matix peatins.

The ANSYS Wkbench patfm

aws ses t ceate new, faste

pcesses and t efficienty inteact

with extena ts sch as CAD

systems. It pvides a fndatin f

easy mtiphysics simatin and

enhanced cmpany-wide cmmni-

catin f simatin ests. Thse

pefming a stcta simatin se

a gaphica inteface (caed the

ANSYS Wkbench Mechanica

appicatin) that empys a tee-ike

navigatin stcte t define apats f thei simatin: gemety,

cnnectins, mesh, ads, bnday

cnditins and ests.

By tiizing the ANSYS Wkbench

patfm, the se saves time in many

f the tasks eqied t pefm a

simatin. The bidiectina inks

with a maj CAD systems ffe a

vey efficient way t pdate CAD

gemeties ang with the design

paametes. The meshing ts

avaiabe in ANSYS Wkbench ae

based n sme f the best ag-

ithms ANSYS has deveped — f

exampe, stcta ses can nw

benefit fm techngies that nce

wee avaiabe ny t CFD ses, and

vice vesa. The ANSYS Wkbench

Mechanica appicatin has pven

t be a vey efficient way t qicky

set p mechanica anayses. At-

mated cntact detectin is pbaby

the mst nticeabe advantage as

cmpaed t the ng-standing

ANSYS Mechanica APDl inteface.

ANSYS Wkbench incdes at-matin capabiities in additin t thse

pvided by APDl. F exampe, when

king at design vaiatins, a se can

easiy pefm gemetic vaiatins

by diecty mdifying the paametic

CAD mdes. In the case f cped

anayses sch as thema–stess

pestessed mda anayses, a data

shaed amng the vais simatins

ae handed atmaticay, awing the

se t fcs n designing a bette

pdct athe than having t wy

abt fie management.

As an ANSYS Wkbench

Mechanica appicatin se, y may

tips and tricks



wish t pefm tasks that ae nt

nativey avaiabe. F exampe,

cnside that y want t se a

mateia mde nt avaiabe fm

engineeing data, t se a cntact

ptin nt avaiabe fm the mens, even t pefm a me-cmpex

task, sch as a sbmde ing

anaysis. The stin is t inset

apdl Commands bjects t send

additina instctins t the sve.

When y cick n the Solve icn,

the ANSYS Wkbench Mechanica

app icat in adds these APDl

cmmands t the inpt fie f the

ANSYS Mechanica APDl sve. The

Commands bjects (as efeed tas snippets) can be incded at

the Geometry eve f mdifying

eement types mateia ppeties

(Fige 1). At the Connections

eve, additina cntact ptins

nn-inea sping definitins can

be intdced. Cmmands inseted

nde the anaysis banch pvide

the fexibiity t add pe-pcessing

act ins , ads and bnday

cnditin definitins, stinsettings. When sed nde Solution,

cmmands aw accessing the APDl

pst-pcesss and cd be sed,

f exampe, t pefm cmpex

peatins n ests t expt

data t an extena t. Commands

bjects can be edited manay,

existing macs can be diecty

impted. The Named Selections i

ANSYS Wkbench Mechanica ae a

key cmpanin feate t Commands

bjects, as they ae cnveted t

nda eement cmpnents that

can be efeenced.

If y ae an ANSYS Mechanica

APDl se and y cmpany has

ceated and vaidated APDl macs

f many yeas, these scipts can be

esed diecty with sight changes.

The cent vesin f the ANSYS

Wkbench p ject schemat ic

cntains a Mechanica APDl system

that can be inked t a stcta

anaysis (Fige 2). Y can then se

Figure 1. APDL commands for defining

additional material properties

Figure 2. Applying APDL scripts to a base

ANSYS Workbench model

macs t peate n the mde the ests f the ANSYS Wkbench

Mechanica anaysis. The ANSYS

Mechanica APDl system wi accept

a ist f APDl fies t be exected

seqentiay n any data that is

pvided by the psteam anaysis.

Ftheme, y can define inpt and

tpt paametes fm the vaiabes

f y APDl scipt and cmbine them

with the paametes in the pject.

F exampe, APDl vaiabes can bemixed with CAD dimensins t

pefm design vaiatins. A standad

sve ptins, sch as jb definitin

and icensing ptins, ae defined with

Figure 3. Multiple scripts applied to a model

and solver option definitions

the ANSYS Mechanica APDl system

(Fige 3).

It is ikey that ses wi nt be

abe t cnvet a thei existing

pcedes at nce, bt y can stat

with the pcesses that wi mst

benefit fm the advantages f the

ANSYS Wkbench patfm. And if

y have an entie pcede scipted

in APDl that des nt eqie any

se inteface, y pbaby dn’tneed t se ANSYS Wkbench f

that specific case.

ANSYS Mechanica APDl ses

may want t take a k at the

benefits f the ANSYS Wkbench

patfm t see hw mch time can be

saved n gemety impt and mdifi-

catins, meshing, cntact detectin

and genea mde setp. If y ae

an ANSYS Wkbench se and have

fnd y need fnctinaity that is ntavaiabe as a bttn men, then

eaning APDl is definitey wth

investing the sma amnt f time that

can est in hge dividends. n

tips and tricks



The chances of jamming this blender with oranges are probably fewer than

jamming it from crosstalk emitted by other electronics all around us.

Electromagnetic Interference. EMI. A prime suspect in recent auto and aircraft

safety issues. And the hidden culprit in what may be the most daunting

engineering challenge of our time.

Today’s most innovative and quality-driven companies are just beginning to

understand the domino effect of modern products bursting with ingredients.

Electronics and a cacophony of other interconnected systems and physical

components each one talking over the other.

This new era of smart products doesn’t seem so smart if you try to design things

the same old way. Product design leaders rely on ANSYS engineering simulation

software for analyzing the interplay of electromagnetic emissions, structural

mechanics and fluid dynamics.

Are you talking to me?

ANSYS Advantage V4 I1 2010

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Transcript of ANSYS Advantage V4 I1 2010