Answers: Chapter 16 345

2. When body temperature (or external temperature) is high the scrotal muscles relax, allowing the testes to hanglower and farther away from the warmth of the body wall. This causes testicular temperature to drop. When theexternal temperature is cold, the scrotal muscles contract to draw the testes closer to the body wall.

3. 1. E or penis. 2. K or testes. 3. C or ductus deferens. 4. L or urethra. 5. A or bulbourethral glands, G or.prostate gland, H or seminal vesicles, K or testes. 6. lor scrotum. 7. B or epididymis. 8. F or prepuce.9. G or prostate gland. 10. H or seminal vesicles. 11. A or bulbourethral glands. 12.J or spermatic cord.

4. Figure 16-1: The spongy tissue is the penis; the duct that also serves the urinary system is the urethra;the structure providing ideal temperature conditions is the scrotum; the prepuce is removed at circumcision; theglands producing a secretion that contains sugar are the seminal vesicles; the ductus deferens is cut or cauterizedduring vasectomy.

Urethra

Urinary bladder --trl;!'.!bSymphysis pubis ----iim~r...

Prostate gland --f"-M.:-Ductus deferens

."f-.!r--r- Seminal vesicle

H,L---+- Ejaculatory duct

.f.!.<-r--+- Rectum

5&.'c---r.,L---i-- Bulbourethral gland

Glans penisPrepuce-'

f2~3:::;~--=...£-+-Epididymis-l*r-----+-- TestesT+-----+-- Scrotum

5. Figure 16-2: The site of spermatogenesis is the seminiferous tubule. Sperm mature in the epididymis. The fibrouscoat is the tunica albuginea.

Rete testis

Seminiferous tubule

Male Reproductive Functions

6. 1. D or spermatogonium. 2. C or secondary spermatocyte, E or sperm, F or spermatid.spermatocyte. 4. F or spermatid. 5. E or sperm. 6. A or FSH,G or testosterone.

Figure 16-3:

3. C or secondary

Interstitial cells (produce testosterone)

Spermatogonium --"'---j,0 spermatocyte _

2° spermatocyte ----. Portion of seminiferoustubule wall

Spermatids "'"='=----1

Sperm .::..

7. Figure 16-4:

Mitochondria (metabolically active organelles) Acrosome (enzyme-containing sac)

346 Anatomy & Physiology Coloring Workbook

8. 2. B or meiosis.7. A or mitosis.

3. C or both mitosis and meiosis. 4. A or mitosis.8. B or meiosis. 9. C or both mitosis and meiosis.

5. B or meiosis.10. B or meiosis.

1. A or mitosis.6. A or mitosis.11. B or meiosis.

9. Deepening voice; formation of a beard and increased hair growth all over body, particularly in axillary/genitalregions; enlargement of skeletal muscles; increased density of skeleton.

Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System

10. 1. Uterus. 2. Vagina. 3. Uterine, or fallopian, tube. 4. Clitoris. 5. Uterine tube. 6. Hymen.7. Ovary. 8. Fimbriae.

11. Figure 16-5: The egg travels along the uterine tube after it is released from the ovary. The round ligament helpsto anchor the uterus. The ovary produces hormones and gametes.

Fimbriae ------f'--f-f+-,{!;

Ovary ---+i--!--H-+-'.;",Sacrum --f--j'----.*

H------f-;'f--- Uterine tube

rr-i-r-rt-r-r-r-: Round ligamentT''"'------'--j-~,.;--- Uterus (myometrium)

!t-!f----- Urinary bladder

Endometrium --!---\---t-:'r-

Cervix of uterus -+--\---->,,!.-'

Urethra ---+----'~--_Rectum ----'.----->,~__f

...,-j----- Symphysis pubis

Anus ---""-------''7;

)l~~~~~~====clitorisI Vagina~--"~"..~,..,.,;"r=------l-----Labium majus

12. Figure 16-6: The clitoris should be colored blue; the hymen yellow; and the vaginal opening red.

Mons pubis

Labia majora(spread) Clitoris

Urethral orifice --t;;--.;;,Vaginal orifice ------j'¥----\-o'

-\--'1!'\It::==-- Labia minoraY---4.ffi--- Hymen

Female Reproductive Functions and Cycles

13. 1. B or primary oocyte. 2. C or secondary oocyte. 3. C or secondary oocyte. 4. D or ovum.

14. The follicle (granulosa) cells produce estrogen; the corpus luteum produces progesterone; and oocytes are the cen-tral cells in all follicles. Event A = ovulation. 1. NO.2. Peritonea) cavity. 3. After sperm penetration occurs.4. Ruptured (ovulated) follicle. 5. One ovum; three polar bodies. 6. Males produce four spermatids ~ foursperm. 7. They deteriorate. 8. They lack nutrient-containing cytoplasm. 9. Menopause.

Figure 16-7:

Vesicular follicles ~---n~if1

Antrum

Ruptured (ovulated) follicle

Corpus luteum(produces progesterone)

Answers: Chapter 16 347

15. Because of this structural condition, many "eggs" (oocytes) are lost in the peritoneal cavity; therefore, they areunavailable for fertilization. The discontinuity also provides infectious microorganisms with access to the peritonealcavity, possibly leading to PID.

16. 1. FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone). 2. LH (luteinizing hormone). 3. Estrogen and progesterone.4. Estrogen. 5. LH. 6. LH.

17. Appearance of axillary/pubic hair, development of breasts, widening of pelvis, onset of menses.

18. 1. A or estrogens, B or progesterone. 2. B or progesterone. 3. A or estrogens. 4. B or progesterone.5 and 6. A or estrogens.

19. Figure 16-8: From left to right on part C the structures are: the primary follicle, the growing follicle, the vesicularfollicle, the ovulating follicle, and the corpus luteum. In pan D, menses is from day ° to day 4, the proliferativestage is from day 4 to day 14, and the secretory stage is from day 14 to day 28.

'"Q)co ",'" E~o~~2 ~gfij2ino~ ~;;+-----=-5----=--

Q)

o§2! E .:Q)O>.s;:2cu.~0-

~ ~ ~~¥=:~~~~=:-::-::-:--:'::-\\ B0246810121416182022242628

9W~D~~~14 28 D

cProgesterone

Estrogen

Mammary Glands

20. Figure 16-9: The alveolar glands should be colored blue, and the rest of the internal breast, excluding the duct sys-tem, should be colored yellow.

Rib

Nipple

Lactiferous

ducts

Pectoralis majormuscle

Intercostalmuscles

Survey of Pregnancy and Embryoriic Development

21. l. Just its head (the nucleus). 2. Digests away the cement holding the follicle cells together; allows sperm toreach the oocyte.

22. Figure 16-10: 1. Fertilization (sperm penetration). 2. Fertilized egg (zygote). 3. Cleavage. 4. Blastocyst(chorionic vesicle). 5. Implantation. 6. The polar body has virtually no cytoplasm. Without nutrients it wouldbe unable to live until it reached the uterus.

23. 1. H or zygote. 2. F or placenta. 3. B or chorionic villi, C or endometrium. 4. A or amnion.5. G or umbilical cord. 6. B or chorionic villi. 7. E or fetus. 8. F or placenta. 9. D or fertilization.

24. The blastocyst and then the placenta release hCG, which is like LH and sustains the function of the corpus luteumtemporarily.

25. 1. B or mesoderm. 2. C or endoderm. 3. A or ectoderm. 4. B or mesoderm. 5. A or ectoderm. 6. B ormesoderm. 7. C or endoderm. 8. C or endoderm.

26. Oxytocin and prostaglandins.

27. l. Prolactin. 2. Oxytocin.

28. Check 1, 3, 5, 9, 10, 11, 12.

29. False labor (irregular, ineffective uterine contractions). These occur because rising estrogen levels make the uterusmore responsive to oxytocin and antagonize progesterone's quieting influence on the myometrium.