Answer Keys - s3.amazonaws.com Keys Lessons 61–80 Spelling ©Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers...

Answer Keysfor Daily Work

Lessons 61–80

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Contents

Spelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Phonics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Reading Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

History Workbook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

History Enrichment Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

Geography Textbook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Geography Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

Grammar & Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

Science Textbook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

Science Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

Lessons 61–80 speLLing Answer Key

C A LV E R T E D U C AT I O N

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Note: The answers that follow a page number are from Everyday Spelling. The Activities are from Activity Pages.

LESSON 61

Page 74

Adding -s and -es Practice Order of words in each group may vary. 1 supplies 2 enemies 3 hobbies 4 memories 5 mysteries 6 eyelashes 7 beaches 8 circuses 9 classes 10 taxes 11 ashes 12 bunches 13 glasses 14 suffixes 15 monkeys 16 flowers 17 friends 18 tigers 19 holidays 20 delaysWrite Sentences will vary.

LESSON 62

Page 75

Think and Practice Making Comparisons 1 monkeys 2 flowers 3 eyelashes 4 ashes 5 classes 6 glasses 7 beaches 8 hobbies 9 tigers Word Associations 10 delays 11 bunches 12 holidays 13 enemies 14 circuses 15 taxes 16 supplies 17 friends 18 mysteries 19 suffixes 20 memories

Strategic SpellingBuilding New Words 21 scratches 22 guesses 23 plays

LESSON 63

Page 76

Proofreading and Writing Proofread a Description

Write a Description Responses will vary. Description should contain list words and personal words.

LESSON 64

Page 77

Vocabulary Building

ReviewWord Associations 1 monkeys 2 eyelashes 3 classes 4 enemies 5 taxes 6 circuses 7 friends 8 beaches Categorizing 9 supplies 10 flowers

Multicultural ConnectionEnvironment 1 edelweiss 2 cattleya orchid 3 lotus 4 almond blossom

LESSON 66

Page 78

Using Just Enough Letters Practice Order of words in each group may vary. 1 a lot 2 eleven 3 want 4 washed 5 missed 6 coming 7 always 8 almost 9 didn’t 10 upon 11 wasn’t 12 until 13 during 14 father 15 hamster 16 ugly 17 hotel 18 crazy 19 lazy 20 feelingsWrite Riddles will vary.

LESSON 67

Page 79

Think and Practice Classifying 1 father 2 eleven 3 hotel 4 want 5 during 6 crazy 7 feelings 8 lazy 9 hamsterWords in Context 10 upon 11 ugly 12 wasn’t 13 didn’t 14 until 15 a lot 16 always 17 almost 18 coming 19 missed

Strategic SpellingUsing the Meaning Helper Strategy 20 washed 21 washcloth 22 wishy-washy 23 washable

Answer KeysLessons 61–80

Spelling©Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers Inc .

Spelling



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LESSON 68

Page 80

Proofreading and Writing Proofread a Warning

Write a Warning Responses will vary. Warning signs should use list words and personal words.

LESSON 69

Page 81

Vocabulary Building

ReviewAntonyms 1 father 2 comingDraw Your Own Conclusions 3 during 4 upon 5 almost 6 wasn’t 7 always 8 want 9 didn’t 10 until

Word StudyWord Play Words and drawings will vary.

LESSON 70

Page 82

Contractions Practice Order of words in each group may vary. 1 we’ll 2 I’ll 3 he’ll 4 she’ll 5 they’ll 6 I’m 7 we’ve 8 would’ve 9 could’ve 10 I’d 11 you’d 12 they’d 13 he’d 14 it’s 15 that’s 16 what’s 17 doesn’t 18 wouldn’t 19 shouldn’t 20 let’sWrite Sentences will vary.

LESSON 71

Page 83

Think and Practice Homophones 1 he’d 2 we’ve 3 I’ll 4 I’d 5 he’ll 6 let’s Creating Contractions 7 they’ll 8 we’ll 9 what’s 10 they’d 11 that’s 12 could’ve 13 would’ve 14 she’ll Don’t Quote Me 15 I’m 16 wouldn’t 17 shouldn’t 18 it’s 19 you’d 20 doesn’t

Strategic SpellingBuilding New Words 21 you’ll 22 who’ll

Pages 224–225

BasketballGreen box: Words will vary. Sentences will vary.

Getting at Meaning Rhyming Clues 1 dribble 2 field goal 3 backboard 4 rim 5 rebound 6 foul 7 free throw 8 jump shot 9 lay-up 10 slam-dunk

Spell WellDivide and Conquer 11 rebound 12 dribble

LESSON 72

Page 84

Proofreading and Writing Proofread a Sign wouldn’t; ?Write a Sign Responses will vary. Sign should include list words.

LESSON 73

Page 85

Vocabulary Building

ReviewContext Clues 1 I’m 2 doesn’t 3 we’ve 4 we’ll 5 I’d 6 I’ll 7 that’s 8 you’d 9 what’s 10 it’s

Word StudyPyramid Sentences Sentences will vary.

LESSON 74

Page 86Rx for Good Health 1 charge 2 health 3 lazy 4 excellent 5 heal 6 we’ll

Page 87Daily Record 1 I’m 2 glasses 3 quart 4 father 5 let’s 6 able 7 feelings 8 doesn’t 9 classesGood Sports 1 missed 2 beaches 3 signal 4 always

Page 88Off the Shelf 1 quick 2 change 3 a lot 4 want 5 extra 6 shouldn’tInterview explain; didn’t; compose; ability; composition; excited; meter; soft; it’s



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Page 89Visiting the Lone Star State Texas; memories; holidays; friends; eleven; village; relativeSchool Fund-Raiser 1 quilt 2 edge 3 fudge 4 crumb 5 flowers 6 bunches 7 washed 8 relax 9 liquid

LESSON 75

Pages 90–91

Strategy Workshop

Memory TricksTry It Out 1 on 2 plenty 3 switch 4 Bruce 5 the hotel where Elvis stayed (or similar answer) 6 Thank you for the blanket (or similar answer). 7 Pull the window down (or similar answer). 8 Memory tricks will vary. Look Ahead Memory tricks will vary.

Page 92

Getting Letters in Correct Order Practice Order of words and underlined letters will vary.Write Paragraphs will vary.

LESSON 76

Page 93

Think and Practice Equations 1 again 2 only 3 weird 4 asked 5 rattle 6 friend 7 said 8 pickle 9 field 10 build 11 believe 12 neighborHomophones 13 heard 14 piece 15 weight 16 toes 17 heart

Strategic SpellingUsing the Memory Tricks Strategy 18 height 19 hospital 20 brought

Pages 196–197

WeatherGreen box: Words will vary.

Getting at MeaningWeather Report 1 forecast 2 meteorologist 3 humidity 4 Fahrenheit 5 Celsius Related Words 6 barometer 7 rain gauge 8 wind vane Reading a Weather Map 9 air mass 10 front

Spell WellDivide and Conquer 11 meteorologist 12 Fahrenheit

LESSON 77

Page 94

Proofreading and Writing Proofread a Description

Write a Description Responses will vary.

LESSON 78

Page 95

Vocabulary Building

ReviewWords in Context 1 heard 2 asked 3 field 4 piece 5 only 6 said 7 again 8 build 9 brought 10 friend

Word StudyAffixes 1 unheard 2 weightless 3 rebuild 4 unfriendly

EIGHTH REVIEW LESSON

Spelling Activity 41 it’s 2 feelings 3 beaches 4 heard 5 father 6 flowers 7 rattle 8 shouldn’t 9 always 10 piece 11 doesn’t 12 classes 13 height 14 missed 15 toes 16 didn’t 17 we’ll 18 heart 19 glasses 20 washed

Lessons 61–80 phonics Answer Key


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Note: The answers listed herein that follow a page number are from Phonics. The Activities are from Activity Pages.

LESSON 63

Page 771 boil 2 toys 3 point 4 coil 5 oyster 6 soil 7 broil 8 foil 9 noise 10 royalty 11 moist 12 voice 13 employ 14 poison 15 destroy 16 annoy 17 voyage 18 enjoy 19 toy

Page 781 enjoy 2 Boy 3 join 4 spoiled 5 avoid 6 poison 7 oily 8 annoying 9 employ 10 ointments 11 disappointment 12 choice

Page 791 bowl 2 clown 3 crowd 4 mow 5 down 6 rowow as in cow: allow, brown, crown, eyebrow, flower, gown, owl, plowow as in crow: arrow, below, follow, glow, pillow, slow, snow, tomorrow

Page 801 youth 2 mountains 3 mouth 4 enough 5 trout 6 countryside 7 scout 8 thought 9 bought 10 outdoor

ACTIVITY 8

Hiking Pair-Up(Phonics Lesson 63)Matches: rough—enough; couple —country; youth—soup; mountain—outdoor; allow—eyebrow; arrow—follow; annoy—enjoy; disappoint—spoil

Page 81

WordVowels Number

of SyllablesSeen Heard

resourceful 5 3 3downtown 2 2 2boyhood 3 2 2fourteen 4 2 2windowsill 3 3 3poisonous 5 3 3snowbound 3 2 2throughout 4 2 2corduroy 3 3 3eyebrow 3 2 2double 3 2 2tough 2 1 1thoughtful 3 2 2slower 2 2 2employer 3 3 3powerful 3 3 3mountainside 6 3 3countdown 3 2 2embroider 4 3 3royal 2 2 2

1 flower, couple 2 yellow, flowers, sprouted 3 flowers, enough, moisture, avoid 4 proudly, flowers, enjoys 5 flowers, couple, around

LESSON 68

Page 821 outdoors 2 choice 3 Scout 4 enough 5 double 6 mound 7 touch 8 ground 9 caught 10 amount 11 avoid 12 source 13 through 14 moisten 15 found

Page 831 outdoors 2 follow 3 point 4 group 5 coiled 6 destroy 7 mountainous 8 snowbound 9 resources 10 scout 11 flowers 12 crown 13 owl 14 thought 15 pillow 16 country 17 window 18 enjoy

Page 841 how 2 coil 3 shout 4 enough 5 pound 6 show 7 four 8 pound 9 pout 10 taught 11 join 12 enjoy 13 trouble 14 destroy 15 shower 16 group. Answer: with mountaineers

Page 851 Walking gets your muscles moving and increases your energy. 2 You can mark a trail by placing crossed branches or piles of stones on the ground. 3 You should share your thoughts. 4 You might learn about food chains. 5 You should be quiet so that you can listen for sounds in the woods.

Page 86 Answers will vary.

Page 871 prey 2 voyage 3 gear 4 south 5 niece 6 moist 7 repair 8 touch 9 neighbors 10 forty

Page 881 dark 2 learn 3 group 4 dawn 5 wear 6 bread 7 purple 8 birds 9 stall 10 worry 11 blew 12 fern

LESSON 73

Page 911 cor|ner 2 whole 3 gloom 4 pic|nic 5 char|coal 6 can|vas 7 har|vest 8 trac|tor 9 prac|tice 10 cos|tume


Phonics© Harcourt Achieve Inc .

Phonics

Lessons 61–80 reAding Activities Answer Key


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ACTIVITY 38

Comparing Legends(Reading Lessons 61–79)

Name of Legend Main Characters Setting Theme Supernatural or religious elements

Robin Hood - Robin Hood - Maid Marian

- Alan Dale - Ellen

- Little John - Friar Tuck

- King Richard - The Baron

- The Bishop

- England

- Sherwood Forest

- during the reign of Richard I

Good fighting against evil

a friar; an abbey; a bishop

King Arthur - King Arthur - Merlin

- Sir Ector - Sir Kay

- Lady of the Lake - Guinevere

- King Leodogran - Sir Modred

- Sir Bedivere

England, a long time ago Chivalry, trust and friendship

Merlin has supernatural powers; Sword Excalibur; Lady of the Lake; Arthur is the only one who can remove the stood from the stone .

Roland - Roland - Charlemagne

- Oliver - Roland’s mother, Princess Bertha

- Marsilius - Ganelon

- France during Charlemagne’s reign

- Battle took place in mountains of Spain: Vale of Thorns

- Good fighting against evil

- Living a life of chivalry

The horn could only be blown by Roland .

St . Denis - St . Denis

- Eglantine—the King’s daughter

- The King of France

- France

- a desolate piece of land (forest)

- Living a life of chivalry

- Helping those in need

enchanted tree with berries; magical spell cast on Eglantine

The Cid - The Cid, Rodrigo Diaz

- Ximena, his wife

- Babieca, the horse

- The King of Spain

Spain—several hundred years ago

- Good fighting against evil

- Being a great hero

- Protecting others

None

Don Fernando - Don Fernando - The old pilot

- Lisbon, Portugal

- Island of the Seven Cities

- Canary Islands

Adventure quest Seven bishops; Don Fernando wakes many years later; St . Brandan; magic island; giant; water babies

ACTIVITY 39

An Acrostic Poem(Reading Lesson 67)Answers will vary. Sample of an acrostic poem:

Robbing the rich, giving to the poor, Outdoors is where he lived, Baron and Bishop were just two of his victims, In love with Maid Marian, Never stole from the poor .

Home, sweet home, was Sherwood Forest, Ordered his men to treat women well, Oppressed people were those he helped, Death by an arrow, buried in the ground .


Reading Activities

Reading Activities

Lessons 61–80 reAding Activities Answer Key


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ACTIVITY 40

Sequencing of Events(Reading Lesson 68)Sequencing of events: 7, 2, 4, 6, 1, 5, 8, 3

ACTIVITY 44

Cause-and-Effect Relationships(Reading Lesson 75)

ACTIVITY 45

Practice Using the Dictionary(Reading Lesson 77)1 Syllabication: vain Definition: conceited; having too much pride

2 Syllabication: quaint Definition: pleasing in an old-fashion, unusual way

3 Syllabication: ea-ger Definition: Marked by enthusiastic interest or desire

4 Syllabication: cav-a-lier Definition: A very gallant gentleman; a knight

5 Syllabication: na-tive Definition: belonging to something or someone because of the place or circumstances of one’s birth

CAUSE EFFECT

Marian's father is slain . Robin declares his revenge on the foresters .

King Arthur pulls the sword from the stone .

Sample answer: He is declared the King of

England .

Roland is the only person who can blow Charlemagne's horn .

Charlemagne gives Roland his horn .

He eats the berries off of an enchanted tree .

St . Denis is turned into a hart .

Lessons 61–80 history worKbooK Answer Key


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History Workbook

History Workbook

STORY 34

The Noblest Roman of Them All(History Lesson 61)I 100 II A pirates B punish C Spain, Gaul (France), Britain III A army B Rubicon, Rome V A Pompey B Cleopatra VI Julius Caesar VII B Brutus C stabbed to death, Senate, 44

STORY 35

An Emperor Who Was Made a God(History Lesson 63)I Augustus Caesar, 27 A brick B marble II A Pantheon B Forum C arches D Circus Maximus E Colosseum III A The Aeneid B odes IV Rome

STORY 36

“Thine is the Kingdom, the Power, and the Glory”(History Lesson 65)I Jesus Christ A Christian 1 God 2 neighbor 3 life 4 Golden B 1 Pilate 2 crucified II Christian A apostles B secret C martyrs III A Stephen B Paul C Peter, crucified IV B.C. V B 4

STORY 37

Blood and Thunder(History Lesson 66)I Nero A Tortured and killed B Peter and Paul II Jerusalem, 70 III A Pompeii B Vesuvius, 79 C buried D 1 stones 2 streets 3 buried 4 forum

STORY 38

A Good Emperor and a Bad Son(History Lesson 68)I gods II A 300, Zeno 1 good 3 pain B 1 Meditations 2 duty, pleasure, laws of God 3 good and kind 4 Commodus C 1 Epicurus 2 pleasure

STORY 39

I_ H_ _ S_ _ _ _ V_ _ _ _ _(History Lesson 70)I Roman II Constantine A cross B Christian C Christianity D Helena III Constantinople IV A equal B Sunday C Pope

STORY 40

Barbarian Invaders(History Lesson 71)I 400 A Germanic B defeat II A Light, blue B huts, wood or branches C hunting, fighting, blacksmithing; vegetables, cows, horses D Fierce E bravery F chief III A Woden, war B Thor C Valhalla IV A Britain B Gaul, North Africa, and Spain C Gaul (France) D Goths

STORY 41

“Barbarians” Meet the Champions of the World(History Lesson 73)I Huns A Romans B Roman Empire C Attila, 451 II tribes A Huns B Vandals C 476 III Middle A Christians B 1 French 2 Italy 3 Spanish C language

STORY 42

New Places—New Heros(History Lesson 75)I Justinian, Constantinople A laws B Santa Sophia C silk II Clovis A Christian B Paris III Arthur A stories and poems B Excalibur C Round Table

STORY 43

Being Good(History Lesson 76)I monk A Benedictines B work II A monastery or abbey B barren, food C Latin, Greek D vellum E diaries (chronicles) F inns, hospitals III A money B marry C obey, abbot or abbess D bare rooms (cells) E simple F Prayed

STORY 44

A Christian Kingdom in Africa(History Lesson 78)I Roman A Italy, Greece B Middle C North 1 Augustine, Hippo 2 monks 3 Alexandria II A Nubia B Axum III Saba A of Sheba B trading, Roman 1 India 2 rich IV 330 A.D. A military, neighbors B Christianity C Christianity D Ge’ez V A churches B rock C paintings VI Arabs A Islam B trade C independence and religion

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ACTIVITY 41

“Veni, vidi, vici.”(History Lesson 61)general; leader; Caesar; young; man; taken; prisoner; pirates; conquered; countries; Rome; popular; with; his; soldiers

ACTIVITY 42

How Our Months Got Their Names(History Lesson 63)1 e 2 h 3 j 4 g 5 a 6 l 7 d 8 c 9 i 10 f 11 b 12 k

ACTIVITY 45

Comings and Goings of Constantine(History Lesson 70)• Constantine, emperor of Rome, was

not a Christian.• He dreamed one night that he saw a

flaming cross in the sky.• Beneath the cross was written,

“In hoc signo vinces.”• In English this means, “In this sign

thou shalt conquer.”• He thought it meant that if he

carried the Christian cross into battle, he would win.

• He marked the sign of the cross on the shields of his soldiers.

• Constantine won the battle.• To celebrate, he built the Arch of

Constantine in the Forum in Rome.• He made Christianity a legal religion

in the Roman Empire.

ACTIVITY 46

Barbarians at the Gate(History Lesson 71)Across 2 Goths 4 Wednesday 6 bravery 7 Vandals 8 blacksmithDown 1 Woden 3 Barbarians 5 Valhalla

ACTIVITY 47

Calling All Map Skills(History Lesson 71)1 Vikings 2 Anglo-Saxons 3 Goths 4 Franks 5 Vandals 6 Huns

ACTIVITY 48

Barbarians, Their Leaders, and Their Gods(History Lesson 73)Huns; Attila; Goths; Vandals; Franks; Thor; Woden; Tiu; Freya; Alaric

LESSON 75Enrichment: possible answers: Justin; just; Jan; tin; sin; taint; saint; jut; an; a; in; it; is; Ian; Nan; tan; ant; snit; Ninja

ACTIVITY 52

Review Puzzle(History Lesson 78)Across 5 Clovis 6 ancient 7 Ezana 8 BenedictDown 1 Huns 2 Justinian 3 Pope Leo 4 monastery


History Enrichment

Activities

History Enrichment Activities

Lessons 61–80 geogrAphy textbooK Answer Key


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Page 42▶ Medicine Mountains; they have darker shading. ▶ Pancake Valley; it has no shading.

Page 43▶ the Rocky Mountains; Cascade Mountains—northwest coast; Sierra Nevada—west of Great Salt Lake; Rocky Mountains—west of Great Plains; Appalachian Mountains—near the East Coast; Brooks Range, Alaska Range—Alaska ▶ Rocky Mountains—They have darker shading. ▶ western ▶ Rocky Mountains

Page 44

Map Attack!Read the title: A relief map of Alaska. Read the legend: Ensure student makes check marks as directed. Read the compass rose: Student should circle the intermediate direction arrows as shown on the map. 1 See map. 2 Yukon River 3 valley

Page 45

Map Attack!1

2

Continent Mountains

North AmericaRocky Mountains or Appalachian Mountains

South America Andes

Europe Alps or Ural Mountains

Asia Ural Mountains or the Himalayas

Africa Atlas Mountains

Page 461 Ensure student traces Interstate 5 in red (from Seattle to San Diego); Cascade Range and Sierra Nevada. 2 1,400 3 Ensure student colors Rocky Mountains green; Interstate 15. 4 Ensure student circles star (state capital) in Wyoming. 5 Check that student follows directions. 6 Rocky Mountains and Sierra Nevada

Page 47

Word Check1 relief map 2 mountain range 3 plain


Geography Textbook

© Harcourt Achieve Inc .

Geography Textbook

Lessons 61–80 geogrAphy textbooK Answer Key


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Map Check1

2 west

Lessons 61–80 geogrAphy Activities Answer Key


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ACTIVITY 9

Relief Map(Geography Seventh Review Lesson)1 low 2 high 3 low 4 high 5 low 6 high 7 low 8 high 9 high 10 high

ACTIVITY 10

The Southeastern Landscape Elevations(Geography Lesson 72)1 Virginia 2 height in feet and meters 3 4,863 ft 4 Mt. Mitchell 5 99 feet 6 980 feet

ACTIVITY 11

United States Relief Map(Geography Lesson 77)

C A N A D A

M E X I C O

THE BAHAMAS

NewBrunswick

GreatSalt Lake

Lake Erie

LakeHuron

Lake Michigan

LakeNipigon

Lake OaheLake Ontario

LakeSakakawea

LakeSuperior

LakeWinnipeg

Colorado R.

Mississippi R.

Missouri R.

Ohio R.

Rio Grande

Rio

Gra

nde

Rio Grande

Snake R.

St Law

renc

e R.Columbia R.

Columbia R.

Missouri R.

Missouri R.

Ohio

Mis

sissip

pi R

. Arkansas R.

Arkansas R.

M

ississippi R.

G u l f o f M e x i c o

P a c i f i c

O c e a n

A t l a n t i c

O c e a nALABAMA

A R I Z O N A

ARKANSAS

C A L I F O R N I A

COLORADO

CONNECTICUT

DELAWARE

FLORIDA

GEORGIA

I D A H O

ILLINOISINDIANA

IOWA

KANSAS

KENTUCKY

LOUISIANA

MAINE

MARYLAND

MICHIGAN

MINNESOTA

MISSISSIPPI

MISSOURI

MONTANA

NEBRASKA

NEVADA

NEW HAMPSHIRE

NEW JERSEY

NEW MEXICO

NEW YORK

NORTH CAROLINA

NORTH DAKOTA

OHIO

OKLAHOMA

O R E G O N

PENNSYLVANIA

RHODE ISLAND

SOUTH CAROLINA

SOUTHDAKOTA

TENNESSEE

T E X A S

U T A H

VERMONT

VIRGINIA

WASHINGTON

WESTVIRGINIA

WISCONSINW Y O M I N G

MASSACHUSETTS

10

1112

58

9

7

142 6

2

3


Geography Activities

Geography Activities

Lessons 61–80 grAmmAr & UsAge Answer Key


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LESSON 62

Unit 25 Practice 1 Mon., Tues., Wed., Thurs., Fri., Sat., Sun., Solomon Grundy 2–3 Answers vary.Detective Work Answers vary.

LESSON 64

Unit 26Practice 1 Portland, Maine 2 July 9, 1964 3 June 7, l985, . . . College, Wellesley, Massachusetts. 4 us, Rita, what 5 window, George 6 Dad, Thank . . . daughter, Cathy 7 Children, pay 8 go, Joyce, and 9 July 4, 1776, the . . . Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 10 Listen, my children, andMore Practice 1 Answers will vary. 2 Hanover, Iowa . . . March 22, 1998 . . . Uncle Joe, . . . Aunt Marge. Saturday, March 24, . . . afternoon. Your loving niece, Jan 3 Answers will vary.

LESSON 67

Unit 27 Review 1 Monday, January 13, 1984, in Baltimore, Maryland 2 you, Bill, score 3 Monroe St., Tampa, Florida 4 Jean, pleasePractice 1 going, Mother 2 candy, ice cream, fruit, and magazines 3 Oh, I 4 Cary, Thank . . . nephew, Frank 5 Thursday, May 21 6 School, 105 Tuscany Rd., Baltimore, MarylandDetective Work Six—At the store I bought milk, chocolate, ice, cream, cookies, and chewing gum. Five—At the store I bought milk, chocolate, ice cream, cookies, and chewing gum. Four —At the store I bought milk chocolate, ice cream, cookies, and chewing gum. Three—At the store I

bought milk chocolate ice cream, cookies, and chewing gum. Or At the store I bought milk chocolate, ice cream cookies, and chewing gum. Yes, it is possible that the sentence doesn’t need any comma at all.

LESSON 69

Unit 28 Review 1 cookies, Jello, and 2 Yes, you 3 upstairs, get your books, andPractice 1 Mother called, “It’s time to go.” 2 “I’d like to read that book,” Jack said. 3 “Let’s play tag,” suggested Dan. 4 Midge complained, “This room is too warm.” More Practice 1 Edith said, “I went to the circus.” 2 The teacher explained, “Two and two make four.” 3 “I’d like to help you,” offered Timmy. 4 “We can go to the tennis match,” said Lisa and Terry.

LESSON 72

Unit 29 Practice 1 Ellen exclaimed, “That was a very interesting story!” 2 “I liked it better than the book I’m reading,” added Tammy. 3 Jerry asked, “Who was the author?” 4 “Did you ever read this book?” asked Tom. 5 “What a wonderful story that was!” exclaimed Perry. 6 Marty shouted, “That’s a great play!” More Practice Answers will vary.

LESSON 74

Unit 30 Review 1 Jason said, “I’ve lost my homework.” 2 “You’ll find it,” comforted his teacher. 3 “Where shall I look?” asked Jason.

Practice 2 “Who . . . on?” Alex asked. “A horse,” David answered. 3 “Did . . . yourself?” asked Graham’s father. He answered, “I had . . . me.” 4 “What . . . flies?” inquired Katie’s father. “A . . . team,” her brother volunteered. 5 “On . . . grow?” Nickie asked. “On the outside!” everybody shouted. 6 Tom’s mother asked him, “How . . . today?” “I . . . tests,” he answered. “Which . . . on?” she asked. “I . . . spelling,” he explained.

LESSON 77

Unit 31 Practice A 1 the pony’s tail 2 the girl’s comb 3 the man’s box 4 the policeman’s badge 5 the mouse’s hole 6 Bob’s tooth 7 Adam’s puzzle 8 Macy’s parade B Nouns added will vary. 1 girls’ 2 poets’ 3 friends’ 4 ponies’ 5 women’s 6 children’s 7 monkeys’ 8 sheep’s

LESSON 79

Unit 32 Review 2 man’s, men, men’s 3 fox’s, foxes, foxes’ 4 witch’s, witches, witches’ 5 knife’s, knives, knives’ Practice 1 couldn’t 2 don’t 3 haven’t 4 wasn’t 5 weren’t 6 didn’t 7 hasn’t 8 wouldn’t 9 isn’t 10 can’t Lesson am; will; had; would; are; haveDetective Work Message: Hope this was fun.


Grammar & Usage

Grammar & Usage

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CHAPTER 6

Lesson 1 Minerals and Rocks

Page 250

Look and WonderPossible answers: Not all rocks are made of quartz; rocks can be made of several kinds of minerals.

Page 251

Explore1 Answers will vary depending on student’s rock samples. 2 Student’s chart should include columns or rows labeled Color, Shape, and Texture. 3–4 Answers will vary depending on the rock samples. 5 Student should infer that the colored parts of the rocks are made of different materials because each colored part has different properties. 6 Different rocks are made of different materials.

Explore MoreStudent should suggest comparing physical properties of the rock, such as color, to samples of known minerals to find what it is made of.

Page 253Read a Table Feldspar is harder.

Quick CheckSequence First, observe the color of the mineral. Since many minerals have the same color, other properties must also be observed, such as luster. Next, obtain a streak plate and rub the mineral sample against the plate. Observe the color of the streak. Finally, compare the color, luster, and streak of the mineral against the mineral property chart for identification.Critical Thinking Many minerals share 1 or 2 properties, but no two minerals have all the same properties.

Page 255

Quick CheckSequence when sediments are pressed and cemented togetherCritical Thinking No, the process may take millions of years. It is too long a time for this process to be observed directly.

Quick Lab1 The pumice is lighter than the granite. Sizes may vary depending on samples. 2 The rocks will sink; the pumice will float; the granite will sink. 3 Student should observe that the pumice floats and the granite sinks. 4 Pumice has holes where air can collect, which helps it float. Granite does not have holes.

Page 257Read a Diagram The arrows show processes that can change one form of rock into another.

Quick CheckSequence Answers will vary. Paths should follow a sequence shown on the diagram on p. 257.Critical Thinking Slow events, such as the forming of sedimentary or metamorphic rocks, may take thousands of years or longer. Fast events, such as the formation of igneous rock from cooled lava, may take only a few hours or days.

Page 258

Quick CheckSequence First the limestone must be collected. Then, it can be cut into blocks to use for constructing buildings. Limestone can also be ground into small pieces and mixed into cement and concrete.Critical Thinking possible answers: walking on the sidewalk, which is

made out of cement; using buildings made from brick; using a kitchen countertop to eat on

Page 259

Lesson ReviewThink, Talk, and Write 1 Igneous rock forms when melted rock cools; example: granite. Sedimentary rock forms when sediments are pressed and cemented together; example: limestone. Metamorphic rock forms from under rocks under extreme heat and pressure; example: marble. 2 metamorphic rocks 3

Rock melts, forming magma .

The magma rises to the surface as lava .

Lava hardens into rock .

4 in a sedimentary rock because it is buried in sediment and because the heat and pressure that causes metamorphism usually destroys all fossils. 5 DMath Link 11 of each typeWriting Link Student’s report should be clearly written and identify rocks from their local region.

Page 261

Focus on SkillsApply It 1 Student should describe in a complete sentence the shape change of the grains. 2 The height decreased. The width increased. Student should write his description in two complete sentences. 3 Student’s model should simulate the squeezing and elongation of mineral grains in metamorphic rocks when pressure is increased. 4 Possible prediction: If the model grains were squeezed from side to


Science Textbook

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Science Textbook



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side, the height of the grains would increase and the width decrease.

Lesson 2 Soil

Page 262

Look and WonderPossible answers: Soil forms when weathering breaks down rocks. Decay of dead plants and animals adds to it.

Page 263

Explore4 The paper towel with the smallest water stain has the soil sample that absorbed the most water. 5 Each soil sample is made of small particles that can be picked apart. The samples differ in color, texture, and particle size. They hold different amounts of water. 6 Soil is made of weathered rock and decayed plants and animals. 7 Possible answers: Soil that holds water provides water for plants. Soil that holds water will not erode as easily as soil that does not.

Explore MoreBy subtracting the mass of the dried sample from the original mass, student will learn the mass of the evaporated water.

Page 264Read a Photo When animals die, their bodies decompose and become organic matter that forms part of the soil.

Page 265

Quick Check Draw Conclusions Bedrock is broken down into smaller and smaller pieces. These small pieces mix with humus, air, and water.Critical Thinking Rainwater can collect in cracks in rocks. During a cold winter, rainwater freezes and expands. The expansion may crack the rocks. The broken pieces of rock will eventually form soil.

Page 266Read a Photo Coarse soil is more permeable than fine soil. Water passes through coarse soil faster than it does through fine soil.

Page 267

Quick Lab4 Have student calculate this amount by subtracting the amount of water in the measuring cup from the original amount poured. 5 Sandy or silty soil is more permeable than clay-rich soil. Water runs through sandy or silty soil faster than through clay-rich soil.

Quick Check Draw Conclusions the larger the pore spaces, the greater the permeabilityCritical Thinking Humus is rich in nutrients and will help rocks grow. The flat ground is a good choice because it helps prevent soil erosion.

Page 268

Quick CheckDraw Conclusions If a soil is too permeable, water and minerals will not be retained by the soil, and the plant will lack both. If the soil is not permeable, water may not drain, and the plant may drown.Critical Thinking Different plants require different amounts of water. Some plants grow better in highly permeable soil, and others grow well in less permeable soil.

Page 269

Lesson ReviewThink, Talk, and Write 1 texture, color, presence of humus, presence of minerals, amount of pore space, amount of permeability 2 horizons 3

Text Clues Conclusions

coarse very permeable

fine texture not very permeable

4 Desert plants are adapted for dry, coarse soil. Clay-filled soil holds a lot

of water that might drown a desert plant. 5 C 6 A Writing Link Answers will depend on the type of local soils and crops. Math Link 7 milliliters of water (35 – 28 = 7)

Page 270–271

Be a Scientist

Structured InquiryForm a Hypothesis Possible hypothesis: In heavy rain, the soil type that loses the most nutrients is sand.Draw Conclusions 5 Student should be able to see that the types of soil produced filtered water in different shades and intensities of color. Student should also note that the sand let the most water through and the clay soil the least. 6 Possible answers: The clay soil had the smallest amount of mineral leeching because it produced the lightest color of filtered water; sand had the largest amount of leeching because its water was the darkest. 7 Possible answer: Plants would have difficulty growing in sandy soil because of the high level of mineral and nutrient leeching.

Guided InquiryForm a Hypothesis Possible hypothesis: Seeds from different species of plants will vary in the type of soil permeability they need to grow. Lima-bean seeds will grow best in silty, medium-textured soil such as potting soil or topsoil.

Lesson 3 Resources from the Past

Page 272

Look and Wonderpossible answers: footprints, traces of crawling animals

Page 273

Explore2 Student should describe whether the animals have a predator-prey or



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mutually beneficial relationship. 4 Student should observe whether one set of footprints leads away from the other. 5 Prints reveal clues about the shape and size of the object and how hard it was pressed into the clay. 6 This can be interpreted from the distance between the individual prints and the depth of the prints. 7 how an animal moved, the shape of its feet, whether it walked on two or four legs, and its overall size

Explore MoreStudent should be able to distinguish animals walking on two legs from those walking on four legs by examining the pattern of their tracks.

Page 275

Quick CheckFact and Opinion Scientists study fossil bones and footprints. Large footprints, teeth, and bones are evidence that some dinosaurs were very large.Critical Thinking Pour gelatin into a mold and let the gelatin harden.

Page 277

Quick Lab4 The fossil found in the layer on the bottom was the oldest because it would have been “deposited” first, before the layers above it. The fossil in the top layers was the youngest because it was deposited last.

Quick CheckFact and Opinion Sediment is deposited in layers over time. Fossils that are found in lower layers are covered with sediment from an earlier time. If two fossils are found in the same layer, they were most likely covered in sediment from the same time period.Critical Thinking Antarctica was once far warmer than it is now.

Page 279Read a Diagram The remains of ancient plants become part of a

sedimentary rock layer. The rock layer is pressed into soft coal. Hard coal forms under great pressure and heat and is used as a fossil fuel.

Quick CheckFact and Opinion This statement is a fact. The remains of plants and animals contain stored energy. This energy is released when the remains are exposed to heat.Critical Thinking possible answers: to provide electricity, to power furnaces and stoves, to run cars and buses, to make plastic

Page 280Read a Chart Coal provided the most; petroleum provided the least.

Quick CheckFact and Opinion This statement is an opinion; it does not tell something that can be proven true.Critical Thinking Yes, fossil fuels will run out someday. Using renewable energy resources may be the only alternative for providing energy.

Page 281

Lesson ReviewThink, Talk, and Write 1 Some fossils form when the remains of organisms are buried under sediment. As the sediments harden into rocks, the buried remains become fossils. Bones, imprints, or entire organisms preserved in amber or ice are examples of fossils. 2 renewable resource 3 Fact Opinion

Used for most energy needs

Should be used less

4 Possible answers: Fossils in museums have been cleaned of rock particles and dust. They are often coated with a protective substance. They might be man-made casts (not real fossils). 5 D Writing Link Student should describe whether the fossil came from a plant

or animal, where it lived, and how it became a fossil.Social Studies Link Answer will depend on local gas prices but should be accurate. Report should be clearly written and follow an outline.

Pages 282–283

Be a ScientistForm a Hypothesis Possible hypothesis: If a dinosaur’s tooth is flat, the dinosaur would have eaten plants.Draw Conclusions 4 The Edmontosaurus tooth is more like the horse tooth. They are both flat. The T. rex tooth is similar to the shark tooth. Both are pointed and were used to rip flesh from the animal’s prey. 5 Student should see that the Edmontosaurus tooth is similar to the horse tooth. He should state that this dinosaur probably ate plants because horses have similar teeth and eat plants. 6 It probably ate meat, because it had pointed teeth. 7 Possible answers: yes, the Edmontosaurus tooth, like the horse’s tooth, is flat because the animal ate plants.

Guided InquiryForm a Hypothesis Possible hypothesis: Animals of similar size will have comparably sized teeth.Draw Conclusions Answers will vary. Possible answers: If two animals have the same teeth size, their bodies may also be about the same size. The teeth of a large dog and a wolf will be about the same size.

Lesson 4 Water

Page 284

Look and Wonderpossible answers: in the ground; in ponds and lakes; in ice caps, glaciers, and icebergs; in the atmosphere



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Page 285

ExplorePossible hypothesis: If water flows faster through a cup of gravel than through a cup of soil, then gravel has more air spaces than soil.5 Gravel lets water soak through faster than soil. 6 Rainwater flows through air spaces in soil and gravel. The larger and more numerous the air spaces, the faster the flow of water. 7 Soil supports more plant growth because it can hold more water than gravel.

Page 287Read a Map A ship could travel through Lake Michigan and the other Great Lakes, then up the St. Lawrence Seaway to the Atlantic Ocean.

Quick CheckProblem and Solution possible answers: an ocean; lakes; a reservoir; a stream; Antarctica; a pond; ice caps; rivers; below the groundCritical Thinking We could use salt water by treating it to remove salt. Then the water could be used for drinking or for plants. One method is evaporation.

Page 289Read a Diagram Clean, filtered water that is kept in a reservoir is pumped through pipes into homes and other buildings.

Quick Lab3 The difference is the mass of water that evaporated from the water. It may be more than half the apple’s mass.

Quick CheckProblem and Solution They filter it and add special chemicals to it at water-treatment plants.Critical Thinking Water in most places contains impurities that can make people sick or even kill them. Water-treatment plants are used to keep drinking water safe.

Page 290

Quick CheckProblem and Solution Irrigation brings water to fields of crops. It enables crops to grow even without much rain or far from a body of water, such as rivers and streams.Critical Thinking Possible answers: drinking water; transportation; hydroelectric power; recreation

Page 291

Lesson ReviewThink, Talk, and Write 1 Salt water is found in oceans and seas. Fresh water is found in glaciers, ice caps, rivers, streams, lakes, and wells. Fresh water can be supplied to people from reservoirs or from wells. 2 watershed 3

How do we make water safe to drink?

Filter impurities .

Treat with chemicals .

4 The sun’s heat helps to evaporate ocean water, leaving salts and other solids behind. Evaporated water condenses into rainwater. 5 B Math Link 300 ml × 365 days = about 100 liters (26 gallons)

Page 292

Write About ItStudent’s letter should follow the form of a letter and state the writer’s opinion about why it is important to keep groundwater clean. The letter should also provide actions that the reader can take.

Page 293

Solve ItAnswers will vary. Possible ways to conserve water: Take shorter showers; wash dishes by hand; turn off the

water while you brush your teeth; take showers instead of baths; numbers of gallons saved will vary.

Lesson 5 Pollution and Conservation

Page 294

Look and WonderPossible answers: Oil is difficult to remove from the ocean; people can use equipment to remove oil from the surface of the water; people can use chemicals to break up the oil.

Page 295

ExplorePossible prediction: Oil can be separated from the surface of water or a solid by using a material that soaks up the oil.6 Student should note that removing the oil from the water is different because of the way oil spreads over water. Oil can also seep into the cork. 7 Answers will vary based on student’s predictions; possible answers: a spoon; cotton balls; liquid detergent. 8 Special equipment that skims the surface of the ocean can be used to remove oil. Oil spills can be treated with substances that break up the oil into smaller droplets, making it less harmful.

Explore MoreStudent should discuss the lasting effects on the ocean and its organisms.

Page 297

Quick CheckMain Idea and Details Pollution can damage air, water, and land. Some pollution can travel far from its source.Critical Thinking No, people may not know how pollution from their cars affects the environment. Farmers may not know how fertilizers pollute the environment. Many people use aerosol sprays and do not realize that they are harming the ozone layer.



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Page 298Read a Photo A farmer would use contour plowing to reduce soil erosion and conserve oil.

Page 299

Quick Lab1 possible answers: using water to flush toilets; using water to wash hands; using electricity to light classrooms; burning oil or coal for heat; using gas for heat 2 possible answers: making fewer photocopies to reduce paper use; installing low-flow toilets or water faucets; encouraging walking or biking to school (cuts down on the use of buses); installing high-efficiency light bulbs

Quick CheckMain Idea and Details Contour plowing conserves soil by plowing fields in curved rows that follow the shape of the land. Farmers use crop rotation to conserve nutrients in the soil by changing the types of crops they grow each year. Composting conserves soil by adding decaying matter, such as food scraps and cut grass, to the soil. Sewage treatment plants clean wastewater so that it can be released and used again.Critical Thinking Possible answers: Water—growing native plants instead of grass in the desert; treating wastewater to make it clean for reuse. Soil—changing the type of crop grown every year; spreading dead or decaying matter over soil; plowing crops in curved rows that follow the shape of the land.

Page 300Read a Photo The photo on the left is an example of reducing. Bicycles are being used instead of cars. The center photo is an example of reusing. The tennis ball is being reused as a shelter for the mouse. The photo on the right is an example of recycling. The bin contains materials that can all be recycled.

Quick CheckMain Idea and Details reduce, reuse, recycleCritical Thinking Use of fossil fuels can be reduced, but the fuels cannot be reused or recycled.

Page 301

Lesson ReviewThink, Talk, and Write 1 Possible answers: Fossil fuels pollute the air; sewage waste pollutes the water; trash pollutes the land. Air, water, and land can be conserved by reducing the use of cars, taking short showers, and not littering. 2 compost 3

Main Idea Details

Conservation Reduce use of energy; reuse plastic or glass cups; recycle paper, plastic, metals .

4 possible answers: fixing leaky faucets; taking short showers; reducing the amount of clean water that drains down the sink 5 DWriting Link Report should indicate source material used.Art Link Poster should be colorful, as well as scientifically accurate.

Page 303

Write About It1 to grow crops 2 Contour plowing: Advantage: Nutrients are kept in the soil and do not run downhill with water. Disadvantage: It takes longer than plowing in a straight line. Till planting: Advantage: The soil does not need to be plowed. Disadvantage: Chemicals might need to be used. Growing cover crops: Advantage: They add nutrients to the soil. Disadvantage: The cover crops need to be plowed into the soil before new crops can be planted.

Pages 304–305

Chapter 6 ReviewVocabulary 1 environment 2 mineral 3 renewable resource

4 irrigation 5 permeability 6 groundwater 7 resource 8 fossilSkills and Concepts 9 Metamorphic rocks are formed by extreme heat and pressure over thousands of years; example: marble. Sedimentary rock forms from sediments that are pressed and cemented together; examples: limestone. Igneous rock forms from melted rock that has cooled; example: granite. 10 Water-treatment plants remove impurities by passing water through a filter. Chemicals are added to the water to kill harmful organisms. The clean water is pumped through pipes to homes, schools, and hospitals. 11 Student should explain the benefits of a renewable energy source, such as solar power, running water, or wind. 12 Student’s letter should explain why it is important to conserve resources and suggest ways to reduce, reuse, and recycle. 13 Nonrenewable resources include fossil fuels, metals, and gems. Conservation methods will vary.Performance Assessment 4 points: Student has correctly described the properties of each mineral; listed at least one common use for each mineral; recorded findings in a chart; explored the relationship between the properties and uses of each mineral. 3 points: Student has completed 3 of the 4 possible tasks. 2 points: Student has completed 2 of the 4 possible tasks. 1 point: Student has completed 1 of the 4 possible tasks.Test Prep 1 A

Lessons 61–80 science Activities Answer Key


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ACTIVITY 12

Properties and Types of Rocks(Science Lesson 61)

Properties of Rocks

Property Description

color many minerals have same color, the same mineral can have different colors

hardness measure by Mohs hardness scale, scratch another mineral to see which is harder

luster the way light bounces off the surface

streak color of rock powder

Types of Rocks

Type Formation/Description Examples and Uses

igneous formed by melting and cooling

examples: granite, obsidian, basalt, pumice; uses: buildings, soap

sedimentarysediments pressed and cemented together

examples: sandstone, limestone, shale; uses: bricks, china, cement

metamorphic formed by heat and pressure

examples: marble, quartzite, gneiss, slate; uses: flooring, statues, roofs

ACTIVITY 13

What Are Trace Fossils?(Science Lesson 69)

Procedure1 A trace fossil is any indirect evidence of a living thing in the past. 2 possible answers: footprints, tracks, burrows, tubes, feeding traces

Draw Conclusions4 Answers will depend on the trace fossils illustrated, but footprints can tell us how fast an animal was moving, whether it was heavy or light in weight, and how many feet it had. Trails and tracks can tell us how the animal moved and whether it was feeding or moving from place to place. Burrows can tell us the size of the organisms.

LESSON 70Application

Earth’s Water

Sources of Water Sources of Drinking Water Uses of Water

oceans reservoir farming

lakes wells irrigation

rivers and streams runoff transportation

groundwater recreation

water sheds

ACTIVITY 14

Environment Word Search(Science Eighth Review Lesson)1 environment 2 pollution 3 acid rain 4 conservation 5 compost 6 reduce, reuse, and recycle

Word Search


Science Activities

Science Activities

Answer Keys - s3.amazonaws.com Keys Lessons 61–80 Spelling ©Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers...

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