ansi sarathy

7/31/2019 ansi sarathy

1/40

ansi.sys Defines functions that change display graphics, control cursor movement,and reassign keys.

File

append Causes MS-DOS to look in other directories when editing a file or

running a command.External

arp Displays, adds, and removesarpinformation from network devices. External

assign Assign a drive letter to an alternate letter. External

assoc View the file associations. Internal

at Schedule a time to execute commands or programs. External

atmadm Lists connections and addresses seen by WindowsATMcall manager. Internal

attrib Display and change file attributes. External

batch Recovery console command that executes a series of commands in a file. Recovery

bootcfgRecovery console command that allows a user to view, modify, andrebuild the boot.ini

Recovery

break Enable / disable CTRL + C feature. Internal

cacls View and modify fileACL's. External

call Calls a batch file from another batch file. Internal

cd Changes directories. Internal

chcp Supplement the International keyboard and character set information. External

chdir Changes directories. Internal

chdsk Check the hard disk drive runningFATfor errors. External

chkntfs Check the hard disk drive runningNTFSfor errors. External

choice Specify a listing of multiple options within a batch file. External

cls Clears the screen. Internal

cmd Opens the command interpreter.

colorEasily change the foreground and background color of the MS-DOS

window.Internal

command Opens the command interpreter.

comp Compares files. External

compact Compresses and uncompress files. External

control Open Control Panel icons from the MS-DOS prompt. External
http://www.computerhope.com/ansisys.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/ansisys.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/appendhl.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/appendhl.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/arphlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/arphlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/a/arp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/a/arp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/a/arp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/assignhl.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/assignhl.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/assoc.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/assoc.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/at.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/at.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/atmadm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/atmadm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/a/atm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/a/atm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/a/atm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/attribhl.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/attribhl.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/batchhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/batchhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/r/recocons.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/bootcfg.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/r/recocons.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/breakhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/breakhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/cacls.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/cacls.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/a/acl.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/a/acl.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/a/acl.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/call.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/call.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/cdhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/cdhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/chcphlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/chcphlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/chdirhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/chkdskh.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/chkdskh.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/f/fat.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/f/fat.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/f/fat.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/chkntfs.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/n/ntfs.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/n/ntfs.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/n/ntfs.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/choicehl.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/choicehl.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/clshlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/clshlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/cmd.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/cmd.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/color.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/cmd.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/cmd.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/comp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/comp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/compact.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/compact.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/control.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/control.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/control.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/compact.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/comp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/cmd.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/color.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/cmd.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/clshlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/choicehl.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/n/ntfs.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/chkntfs.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/f/fat.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/chkdskh.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/chdirhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/chcphlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/cdhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/call.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/a/acl.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/cacls.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/breakhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/r/recocons.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/bootcfg.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/r/recocons.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/batchhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/attribhl.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/a/atm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/atmadm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/at.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/assoc.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/assignhl.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/a/arp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/arphlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/appendhl.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/ansisys.htm


2/40

convert ConvertFATtoNTFS. External

copy Copy one or more files to an alternate location. Internal

ctty Change the computers input/output devices. Internal

date

View or change the systems date. Internal

debug Debug utility to create assembly programs to modify hardware settings. External

defrag Re-arrange the hard disk drive to help with loading programs. External

del Deletes one or more files. Internal

delete Recovery console command that deletes a file. Internal

deltree Deletes one or more files or directories. External

dir List the contents of one or more directory. Internal

disable Recovery console command that disables Windows system services ordrivers.

Recovery

diskcomp Compare a disk with another disk. External

diskcopy Copy the contents of one disk and place them on another disk. External

doskey Command to view and execute commands that have been run in the past. External

dosshell A GUI to help with early MS-DOS users. External

drivparm Enables overwrite of original device drivers. Internal

echo Displays messages and enables and disables echo. Internal

edit View and edit files. External

edlin View and edit files. External

emm386 Load extended Memory Manager. External

ename Recovery console command to enable a disable service or driver. Recovery

endlocal Stops the localization of the environment changes enabled by thesetlocalcommand.

Internal

erase Erase files from computer. Internal

exit Exit from the command interpreter. Internal

expand Expand a Microsoft Windows file back to it's original format. External

extract Extract files from the Microsoft Windows cabinets. External

fasthelp Displays a listing of MS-DOS commands and information about them. External

fc Compare files. External
http://www.computerhope.com/convert.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/convert.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/f/fat.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/f/fat.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/f/fat.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/n/ntfs.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/n/ntfs.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/n/ntfs.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/copyhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/cttyhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/datehlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/datehlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/debughlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/debughlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/software/defrag.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/software/defrag.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/delhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/delhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/delhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/delhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/deltree.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/deltree.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/dirhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/disable.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/r/recocons.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/diskcomp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/diskcomp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/diskcopy.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/doskeyhl.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/dosshell.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/dosshell.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/drivparm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/drivparm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/echohlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/echohlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/edithlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/edithlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/edlin.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/edlin.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/emm386hl.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/emm386hl.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/enable.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/enable.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/r/recocons.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/endlocal.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/endlocal.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/setlocal.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/setlocal.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/setlocal.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/setlocal.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/erasehlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/erasehlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/exithlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/expandhl.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/expandhl.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/extract.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/extract.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/fasthelp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/fasthelp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/fchlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/fchlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/fchlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/fasthelp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/extract.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/expandhl.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/exithlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/erasehlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/setlocal.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/setlocal.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/endlocal.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/r/recocons.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/enable.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/emm386hl.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/edlin.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/edithlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/echohlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/drivparm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/dosshell.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/doskeyhl.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/diskcopy.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/diskcomp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/r/recocons.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/disable.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/dirhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/deltree.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/delhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/delhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/software/defrag.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/debughlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/datehlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/cttyhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/copyhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/n/ntfs.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/f/fat.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/convert.htm


3/40

fdisk Utility used to create partitions on the hard disk drive. External

find Search for text within a file. External

findstr Searches for a string of text within a file. External

fixboot Writes a new boot sector. Recoveryfixmbr Writes a new boot record to a disk drive. Recovery

for Boolean used in batch files. Internal

format Command to erase and prepare a disk drive. External

ftp Command to connect and operate on aFTPserver. External

ftype Displays or modifies file types used in file extension associations. Recovery

goto Moves a batch file to a specific label or location. Internal

graftabl

Show extended characters in graphics mode. External

help Display a listing of commands and brief explanation. External

if Allows forbatch filesto perform conditional processing. Internal

ifshlp.sys 32-bit file manager. External

ipconfig Network command to view network adapter settings and assigned values. External

keyb Change layout of keyboard. External

label Change the label of a disk drive. External

lh

Load a device driver in to high memory. Internal

listsvc Recovery console command that displays the services and drivers. Recovery

loadfix Load a program above the first 64k. External

loadhigh Load a device driver in to high memory. Internal

lock Lock the hard disk drive. Internal

logoff Logoff the currently profile using the computer. External

logon Recovery console command to list installations and enable administratorlogin.

Recovery

map Displays the device name of a drive. Recovery

md Command to create a new directory. Internal

mem Display memory on system. External

mkdir Command to create a new directory. Internal
http://www.computerhope.com/fdiskhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/fdiskhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/findhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/findstr.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/fixboot.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/r/recocons.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/fixmbr.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/r/recocons.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/forhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/forhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/formathl.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/formathl.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/software/ftp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/f/ftp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/f/ftp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/f/ftp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/ftype.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/ftype.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/r/recocons.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/goto.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/goto.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/graftabl.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/graftabl.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/helphlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/helphlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/if.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/batch.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/batch.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/batch.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/ifshlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/ifshlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/ipconfig.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/ipconfig.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/keybhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/keybhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/labelhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/labelhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/lhhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/lhhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/listsvc.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/r/recocons.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/loadfix.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/loadfix.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/lhhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/lhhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/lockhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/logoff.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/logoff.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/logon.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/logon.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/r/recocons.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/map.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/r/recocons.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/mdhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/mdhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/memhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/mdhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/mdhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/memhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/mdhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/r/recocons.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/map.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/r/recocons.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/logon.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/logoff.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/lockhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/lhhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/loadfix.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/r/recocons.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/listsvc.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/lhhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/labelhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/keybhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/ipconfig.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/ifshlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/batch.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/if.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/helphlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/graftabl.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/goto.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/r/recocons.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/ftype.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/f/ftp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/software/ftp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/formathl.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/forhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/r/recocons.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/fixmbr.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/r/recocons.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/fixboot.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/findstr.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/findhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/fdiskhlp.htm


4/40

mode Modify the port or display settings. External

more Display one page at a time. External

move Move one or more files from one directory to another directory. Internal

msav

Early Microsoft Virus scanner. External

msd Diagnostics utility. External

msdex Utility used to load and provide access to the CD-ROM. External

nbtstat Displays protocol statistics and current TCP/IP connections usingNBT External

net Update, fix, or view the network or network settings External

netsh Configure dynamic and static network information from MS-DOS. External

netstat Display theTCP/IPnetwork protocol statistics and information. External

nlsfunc Load country specific information. External

nslookup Look up an IP address of a domain or host on a network. External

path View and modify the computers path location. Internal

pathping View and locate locations of network latency. External

pause Command used in batch files to stop the processing of a command. Internal

ping Test / send information to another network computer or network device. External

popd Changes to the directory or network path stored by thepushd command. Internal

power

Conserve power with computer portables. External

print Prints data to a printer port. External

prompt View and change the MS-DOSprompt. Internal

pushd Stores a directory or network path in memory so it can be returned to at

any time.Internal

qbasic Open the QBasic. External

rd Removes an empty directory. Internal

ren Renames a file or directory. Internal

rename Renames a file or directory. Internal

rmdir Removes an empty directory. Internal

robocopy A robust file copy command for the Windows command line.

route View and configure windows network route tables. External
http://www.computerhope.com/modehlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/morehlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/movehlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/msavhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/msavhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/msdhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/msdhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/mscdex.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/nbtstat.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/nbtstat.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/n/nbt.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/n/nbt.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/n/nbt.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/nethlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/nethlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/netsh.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/netsh.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/netstat.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/netstat.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/t/tcpip.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/t/tcpip.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/t/tcpip.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/nlsfunch.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/nslookup.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/nslookup.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/pathhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/pathhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/pathping.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/pathping.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/pausehlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/pausehlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/pinghlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/pinghlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/popd.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/popd.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/pushd.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/pushd.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/pushd.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/powerhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/powerhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/printhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/printhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/prompthl.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/prompthl.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/p/prompt.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/p/prompt.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/p/prompt.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/pushd.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/pushd.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/qbasichl.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/rmdirhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/rmdirhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/renamehl.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/renamehl.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/renamehl.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/renamehl.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/rmdirhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/robocopy.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/routehlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/routehlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/robocopy.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/rmdirhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/renamehl.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/renamehl.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/rmdirhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/qbasichl.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/pushd.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/p/prompt.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/prompthl.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/printhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/powerhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/pushd.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/popd.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/pinghlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/pausehlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/pathping.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/pathhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/nslookup.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/nlsfunch.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/t/tcpip.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/netstat.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/netsh.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/nethlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/n/nbt.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/nbtstat.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/mscdex.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/msdhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/msavhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/movehlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/morehlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/modehlp.htm


5/40

runas Enables a user to run a program as a different user. External

scandisk Run the scandisk utility. External

scanreg Scan registry and recover registry from errors. External

set

Change one variable or string to another. Internal

setlocal Enables local environments to be changed without affecting anything else. Internal

setver Change MS-DOS version to trick older MS-DOS programs. External

share Installs support for file sharing and locking capabilities. External

shift Changes the position of replaceable parameters in a batch program. Internal

shutdown Shutdown the computer from the MS-DOS prompt. External

smartdrv Create a disk cache in conventional memory or extended memory. External

sort Sorts the input and displays the output to the screen. External

start Start a separate window in Windows from the MS-DOS prompt. Internal

subst Substitute a folder on your computer for another drive letter. External

switches Remove add functions from MS-DOS. Internal

sys Transfer system files to disk drive. External

telnet Telnetto another computer / device from the prompt. External

time View or modify the system time. Internal

title Change the title of their MS-DOS window. Internal

tracert Visually view a network packets route across a network. External

tree View a visual tree of the hard disk drive. External

type Display the contents of a file. Internal

undelete Undelete a file that has been deleted. External

unformat Unformat a hard disk drive. External

unlock Unlock a disk drive. Internal

ver Display the version information. Internal

verifyEnables or disables the feature to determine if files have been written

properly.Internal

vol Displays the volume information about the designated drive. Internal

xcopy Copy multiple files, directories, or drives from one location to another. External
http://www.computerhope.com/runas.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/runas.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/software/scandisk.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/software/scandisk.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/scanregh.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/scanregh.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/sethlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/sethlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/setlocal.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/setlocal.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/setverhl.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/setverhl.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/sharehlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/sharehlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/shift.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/shift.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/shutdown.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/smartdrv.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/sorthlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/starthlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/starthlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/substhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/substhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/switches.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/switches.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/syshlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/syshlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/telnethl.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/telnethl.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/t/telnet.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/t/telnet.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/timehlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/titlehlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/tracert.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/treehlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/treehlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/typehlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/typehlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/undelete.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/undelete.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/unformat.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/unformat.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/lockhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/verhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/verhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/verifyhl.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/volhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/volhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/xcopyhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/xcopyhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/volhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/verifyhl.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/verhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/lockhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/unformat.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/undelete.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/typehlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/treehlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/tracert.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/titlehlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/timehlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/t/telnet.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/telnethl.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/syshlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/switches.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/substhlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/starthlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/sorthlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/smartdrv.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/shutdown.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/shift.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/sharehlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/setverhl.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/setlocal.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/intecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/sethlp.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/scanregh.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/software/scandisk.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/runas.htm


6/40

Details By Number

This section lists each of the 16 interrupt lines and provides a full description of what they

are, how they are normally used, and any special information that is relevant to them. The

general format for each section is as follows:

IRQ Number: The number of the IRQ from 0 to 15.

16-Bit Priority: Thepriority level of the interrupt. 1 is the highest and 15 is the

lowest.

Bus Line: Indicates whether or not this IRQ isavailable to expansion devices on the

system bus. This will say "8/16 bit" for an interrupt line available to all expansion

devices, "16 bit only" for a line available only to 16-bit cards, or "No" for an

interrupt used only by system devices.

Typical Default Use: Description of the device or function that normally uses this

IRQ in a regular modern PC.

Other Common Uses: This is a list of other devices that commonly either use this

IRQ or offer the use of this IRQ as one of their options. This list isn't exhaustivebecause there are a lot of oddball cards out there that may use unusual IRQs.

Description: A description of the interrupt and how it is used, along with any

relevant or interesting points about it or its history.

Conflicts: A discussion of the likelihood of conflicts with this IRQ and what are the

likely causes.

http://www.pcguide.com/ref/mbsys/res/irq/num.htm

What is an IRQ?

IRQ stands for Interrupt ReQuest, and

refers to special numbered channels that

are used by devices to get the processors

attention.

For example, when you press a key on

your keyboard it sends a signal to the

processor via an IRQ channel (usually

IRQ 1) to let it know that it needs to

process some data.

IRQ conflicts can occur when new

hardware is installed or reconfigured. For

example, it can cause problems if you

have your mouse on COM 1 (IRQ4) and a

modem on COM 3 (IRQ4), below is a list

of the default assignments for IRQ

channels in Windows XP.
http://www.pcguide.com/ref/mbsys/res/irq/func_Priority.htmhttp://www.pcguide.com/ref/mbsys/res/irq/func_Priority.htmhttp://www.pcguide.com/ref/mbsys/res/irq/func_Priority.htmhttp://www.pcguide.com/ref/mbsys/res/irq/func_Bus.htmhttp://www.pcguide.com/ref/mbsys/res/irq/func_Bus.htmhttp://www.pcguide.com/ref/mbsys/res/irq/func_Bus.htmhttp://www.pcguide.com/ref/mbsys/res/irq/func_Bus.htmhttp://www.pcguide.com/ref/mbsys/res/irq/num.htmhttp://www.pcguide.com/ref/mbsys/res/irq/num.htmhttp://www.pcguide.com/ref/mbsys/res/irq/num.htmhttp://www.pcguide.com/ref/mbsys/res/irq/func_Bus.htmhttp://www.pcguide.com/ref/mbsys/res/irq/func_Bus.htmhttp://www.pcguide.com/ref/mbsys/res/irq/func_Priority.htm


7/40

Default ISA IRQ Assignments

IRQ 0 System Timer

IRQ 1 Keyboard

IRQ 2 Cascaded with IRQ 9

IRQ 3 Default COM2 and COM4

IRQ 4 Default COM1 and COM3

IRQ 5 LPT2

IRQ 6 Floppy Drive Controller

IRQ 7 LPT1

IRQ 8 Real Time Clock

IRQ 9 SEE 2

IRQ 10 Open

IRQ 11 Open

IRQ 12 PS/2 mouse or Open

IRQ 13 Math Coprocessor

IRQ 14 Primary Hard Drive controller

IRQ 15 Secondary Hard Drive controller

back to top| Copyright2001-2011 helpwithpcs.com

Viewing your current IRQ assignments

To view your current IRQ assignments you can open Device Manager.

1. Click on START, click on CONTROL PANEL.

2. Click on Performance and Maintenance.

3. Click on System.

4. Click on the Hardware tab.

5. Click the DEVICE MANAGER button.
http://www.helpwithpcs.com/upgrading/change-irq-settings.htm#tophttp://www.helpwithpcs.com/upgrading/change-irq-settings.htm#tophttp://www.helpwithpcs.com/privacypolicy.htm#copyrighthttp://www.helpwithpcs.com/privacypolicy.htm#copyrighthttp://www.helpwithpcs.com/privacypolicy.htm#copyrighthttp://www.helpwithpcs.com/tech-support-forum/index.phphttp://www.helpwithpcs.com/tech-support-forum/index.phphttp://www.helpwithpcs.com/tech-support-forum/index.phphttp://www.helpwithpcs.com/tech-support-forum/index.phphttp://www.helpwithpcs.com/privacypolicy.htm#copyrighthttp://www.helpwithpcs.com/upgrading/change-irq-settings.htm#top


8/40

Once you have Device Manager open, select VIEW from the toolbar menu, and

then click Resources by Type.

Double click on Interrupt Request (IRQ) as seen in fig 1.1 below:

The list that appears on your machine will vary depending on the hardware you

have.

If you are experiencing problems with a newly installed/configured piece of

hardware and the drivers are installed correctly, then check to see if it has its own

IRQ channel.

A female DE-15 output in a laptop computer.

Type Computer analog video connector

Production history

Designer IBMbased onD-subminiature

Designed 1987
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Business_Machineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Business_Machineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-subminiaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-subminiaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-subminiaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SVGA_port.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SVGA_port.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-subminiaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Business_Machines


9/40

Produced 1987 to present

Superseded by DVI(1999)

General specifications

Video signal RGB video signal plus option H and V sync

Pins 15

Connector DE-15

Data

Data signal ICdata channel forDDCinformation

Pin out

A female DE15 socket (videocard side).

Pin 1 RED Red video

Pin 2 GREEN Green video

Pin 3 BLUE Blue video
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Visual_Interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Visual_Interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C2%B2Chttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C2%B2Chttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Display_Data_Channelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Display_Data_Channelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Display_Data_Channelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DE15_Connector_Pinout.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Display_Data_Channelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C2%B2Chttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Visual_Interface


10/40

Pin 4 ID2/RES formerly Monitor ID bit 2,

reserved since E-DDC

Pin 5 GND Ground (HSync)

Pin 6 RED_RTN Red return

Pin 7 GREEN_RTN Green return

Pin 8 BLUE_RTN Blue return

Pin 9 KEY/PWR formerly key, now +5V DC

Pin 10 GND Ground (VSync, DDC)



Pin 12 ID1/SDA formerly Monitor ID bit 1,IC

data since DDC2

Pin 13 HSync Horizontal sync

Pin 14 VSync Vertical sync

Pin 15 ID3/SCL formerly Monitor ID bit 3,IC

clock since DDC2

The image and table detail the 15-pin VESA DDC2/E-DDC connector; the diagrams pin numbering is that

of a female connector functioning as thegraphics adapteroutput. In the male connector, this pin numbering

corresponds with themirror imageof the cables wire-and-solder side.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C2%B2Chttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C2%B2Chttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C2%B2Chttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C2%B2Chttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C2%B2Chttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C2%B2Chttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_adapterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_adapterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_adapterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirror_imagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirror_imagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirror_imagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirror_imagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_adapterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C2%B2Chttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C2%B2C


11/40

VGA connector (DE-15/HD-15)

A female DE-15 output in a laptop computer.

Type Computer analog video connector

Production history

Designer IBMbased onD-subminiature

Designed 1987

Produced 1987 to present

Superseded by DVI(1999)

General specifications

Video signal RGB video signal plus option H and V sync

Pins 15

Connector DE-15
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Business_Machineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Business_Machineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-subminiaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-subminiaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-subminiaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Visual_Interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Visual_Interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SVGA_port.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Visual_Interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-subminiaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Business_Machines


12/40

Data

Data signal ICdata channel forDDCinformation

Pin out

A female DE15 socket (videocard side).

Pin 1 RED Red video

Pin 2 GREEN Green video

Pin 3 BLUE Blue video



Pin 5 GND Ground (HSync)

Pin 6 RED_RTN Red return

Pin 7 GREEN_RTN Green return

Pin 8 BLUE_RTN Blue return

Pin 9 KEY/PWR formerly key, now +5V DC
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C2%B2Chttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C2%B2Chttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Display_Data_Channelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Display_Data_Channelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Display_Data_Channelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DE15_Connector_Pinout.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Display_Data_Channelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C2%B2C


13/40

Pin 10 GND Ground (VSync, DDC)



Pin 12 ID1/SDA formerly Monitor ID bit 1,ICdata

since DDC2

Pin 13 HSync Horizontal sync

Pin 14 VSync Vertical sync

Pin 15 ID3/SCL formerly Monitor ID bit 3,IC

clock since DDC2

The image and table detail the 15-pin VESA DDC2/E-DDC connector; the diagrams pin numbering is that

of a female connector functioning as thegraphics adapteroutput. In the male connector, this pin

numbering corresponds with themirror imageof the cables wire-and-solder side.

A VGA cable

AVideo Graphics Array(VGA) connector is a three-row 15-pinDE-15connector. The 15-pinVGA connector is found on many video cards, computer monitors, and somehigh definition

televisionsets. On laptop computers or other small devices, amini-VGAport is sometimes usedin place of the full-sized VGA connector.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C2%B2Chttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C2%B2Chttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C2%B2Chttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C2%B2Chttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C2%B2Chttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C2%B2Chttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_adapterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_adapterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_adapterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirror_imagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirror_imagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirror_imagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_Graphics_Arrayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_Graphics_Arrayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_Graphics_Arrayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-subminiaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-subminiaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-subminiaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_definition_televisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_definition_televisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_definition_televisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_definition_televisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mini-VGAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mini-VGAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mini-VGAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vga-cable.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vga-cable.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vga-cable.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vga-cable.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mini-VGAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_definition_televisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_definition_televisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-subminiaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_Graphics_Arrayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirror_imagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_adapterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C2%B2Chttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C2%B2C


14/40

DE-15 is also conventionally called RGB connector,D-sub15, mini sub D15, mini D15, DB-15,

HDB-15, HD-15 or HD15 (High Density, to distinguish it from the older and less flexibleDE-9connectorused on older VGA cards, which has the same shell size but only two rows of pins).

VGA connectors and cables carryanalogcomponentRGBHV (red, green, blue,horizontal sync,

vertical sync) video signals, andVESADisplay Data Channel(VESA DDC) data. In the originalversion of DE-15 pinout, one pin was keyed and 4 pins carriedMonitor ID bitswhich were

rarely used; VESA DDC redefined some of these pins and replaced the key pin with +5 V DCpower supply.

[edit] Cable quality

See also:RAMDAC

The same VGA cable can be used with a variety of supported VGA resolutions, ranging from

640400px @70 Hz (24 MHz ofsignal bandwidth) to 12801024px @85 Hz (160 MHz) and upto 20481536px @85 Hz (388 MHz). There are no standards defining the quality required for

each resolution, but higher-quality cables typically contain coaxial wiring and insulation whichmake them thicker. A quality cable should not suffer from signal crosstalk which occurs whenthe signals in one wire induce unwanted currents in adjacent wires,ghostingwhich occurs when

impedance mismatches cause signals to be reflected (note that ghosting with long cables may not

be the fault of the cable but may instead be caused by equipment with incorrect termination or by

use of passive splitters), and other signal degradation effects; shorter VGA cables are less likelyto introduce significant degradation. Some higher-end monitors and video cards featured 5

separateBNC connectorsforRGBHVsignal, allowing highest quality connection using five 75

ohmcoaxial cables.

. Attach the tape drive to the secondary IDE port.

Your server has one or two IDE ports. Each port can support up to two devices (on asingle IDE cable). A hard disc is usually attached to the primary IDE port, as shown inExample 1, unless the hard disc is SCSI. The Travan 40 should not be attached to anIDE port that is being used by a hard disc or a sound card. In this case, you mustuse the secondary IDE port for your tape drive.

If no devices or cables are attached to the secondary IDE port (as shown inExample 1), you will need to obtain a second IDE cable for your tape drive.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-subminiaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-subminiaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-subminiaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DE-9_connectorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DE-9_connectorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DE-9_connectorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DE-9_connectorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog_televisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog_televisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Component_videohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Component_videohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Component_videohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizontal_synchttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizontal_synchttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizontal_synchttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical_synchttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical_synchttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VESAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VESAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Display_Data_Channelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Display_Data_Channelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Display_Data_Channelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Display_Data_Channel#Physical_linkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Display_Data_Channel#Physical_linkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Display_Data_Channel#Physical_linkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=VGA_connector&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=VGA_connector&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=VGA_connector&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAMDAChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAMDAChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAMDAChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_bandwidthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_bandwidthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_bandwidthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghosting_(television)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghosting_(television)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghosting_(television)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BNC_connectorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BNC_connectorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BNC_connectorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGBHVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGBHVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGBHVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coaxial_cablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coaxial_cablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coaxial_cablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coaxial_cablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGBHVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BNC_connectorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghosting_(television)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_bandwidthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAMDAChttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=VGA_connector&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Display_Data_Channel#Physical_linkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Display_Data_Channelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VESAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical_synchttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizontal_synchttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Component_videohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog_televisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DE-9_connectorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DE-9_connectorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-subminiature


15/40

EXAMPLE 1: Existing server with two IDE ports (hard disc attached to the primary IDE port)

If a CD-ROM or other compatible device is attached to the secondary IDE port

(as shown in Example 2) you can install the tape drive on the same cable as theCD-ROM.

EXAMPLE 2: Existing server with two IDE ports (ATAPI devices on both primary and secondary

IDE Ports)

2. Set the master/slave jumpers

Make sure that the master/slave jumper on the tape drive is configured for "cableselect." See the figure below for master/slave jumper settings. If there is another device,such as a CD-ROM, attached to the same cable, that device should also be configuredfor "cable select."


16/40

3. Mount the drive.

Slide the drive into an unused 5 1/2-inch drive bay until the bezel is flush with the frontof the server. The Drive-activity light/Eject button should be on the upper left, as shownbelow. Secure the drive using four mounting screws. Do not overtighten the screws.

4. Attach your tape drive to the secondary IDE port.

Are any other devices attached to your secondary IDE port?


17/40

If you already have a CD-ROM or other device attached to your secondary IDE port,attach the tape drive to the middle connector on the IDE cable, as shown below.

NOTE: Do not attach your tape drive to a cable that is already being used by a hard

disc or a sound card.

If no other devices are attached to your secondary IDE port, use a new 40-pin IDE cableto attach the tape drive to the secondary IDE port, as shown below.

In either case, make sure that pin 1 on the tape drive (located next to the powerconnector) is connected to pin 1 on the IDE cable and on the IDE port connector. Pin 1on the IDE cable is indicated by a stripe on the edge of the cable.


18/40

5. Connect the power cable.

Connect a 4-pin power cable to the back of the tape drive (see figure below). If all thepower cables in your server are being used by other devices, you can purchase a Y-shaped power-cable splitter from your computer dealer.

6. Check all cables in your server system.

Make sure that no cables have loosened during the installation. Make sure that allcables are routed so that they will not bind or become crimped when you replace thecover of your server.

7. Reinstall your server cover.

Your new tape drive is ready for use. See your software manual for instructions onbacking up data.

System configuration notes

Installing Windows device drivers

Commercial backup applications provide all necessary device driver support. However,

if you intend to use native Windows operating system backup applications or theincluded diagnostic software, you need to install the device drivers supplied on the DellPowerVault 100T Travan 40 Tape Drive User's Manual and Drivers CD.

NOTE: Native backup applications do not include software compression, so your Travan 40

drive's maximum capacity will be limited to 20GB.


19/40

Microsoft Windows 2000:

1. Make sure that you are logged on to the host server with Administrator privileges.

2. Insert the Dell PowerVault 100T Travan 40 Tape Drive User's Guide and Drivers CD intothe CD-ROM drive on the host server.3. Right-click the My Computer icon on the Windows desktop, click Manage, then double-

click Device Manager.4. The PowerVault 100T Travan 40 drive should be listed under the "? Other Devices" item

as "Seagate STT3401A."5. Right-click the Seagate STT3401A listing and click Properties.6. Click the Reinstall Driver button.7. When the Upgrade Device Driver Wizard appears, click the Next button.8. Select Search for a suitable driver for my device and then click the Next button.9. Click on Specify a Location.10. At the prompt Copy manufacturer's files from:, type d:\Drivers\W2K, replacing d: with

the drive letter for the CD-ROM drive, and click the OK button. The driver will be copiedto the system.

11. Click the Finish button.12. Close the Device Properties dialog box.13. The drive now appears in Device Manager under "Tape Drives" and is ready to use.

Linux users

To use this IDE tape drive with a supported Dell server running Red Hat Linux 7.1 or7.2, you must add the following lines to the /etc/rc.d/rc.local file:

insmod ide-scsi

hdparm -d0 /dev/hdx

mt -f /dev/st0 stoptions no-blklimits

(In the text above, x is the assigned drive letter for the tape drive.)

NOTE: IDE tape drives installed in systems running Red Hat Linux 7.1 or 7.2 must use the

ide-scsi driver module and can be accessed as /dev/st0.


20/40

Serial ATA (SATA)

From top to bottom, SATA Certification Logo, SATA cable,

and two first-generation (1.5 Gbit/s) SATA dataconnectors on amotherboard.

Year created 2003

Supersedes Parallel ATA(PATA)

Capacity 1.5, 3.0, 6.0 Gbit/s

Style Serial

Hotplugging interface Yes[1]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motherboardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motherboardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motherboardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_ATAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_ATAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#cite_note-linux-ata-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#cite_note-linux-ata-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#cite_note-linux-ata-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SATA_ports.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Serial_ATA.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SATA_ports.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Serial_ATA.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#cite_note-linux-ata-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_ATAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motherboard


21/40

External interface Yes (eSATA)

Serial ATA (SATA or Serial Advanced Technology Attachment) is acomputer businterface

for connectinghost bus adapterstomass storage devicessuch ashard disk drivesandopticaldrives. Serial ATA was designed to replace the olderATA (AT Attachment)standard (alsoknown asEIDE), offering several advantages over the olderparallel ATA(PATA) interface:

reduced cable-bulk and cost (7 conductors versus 40), nativehot swapping, fasterdata transfer

through higher signalling rates, and more efficient transfer through an (optional) I/O queuing

protocol.

SATA host-adapters and devices communicate via a high-speedserialcable over two pairs of

conductors. In contrast, parallel ATA (theredesignationfor the legacy ATA specifications) useda 16-bit wide data bus with many additional support and control signals, all operating at much

lower frequency. To ensure backward compatibility with legacy ATA software and applications,

SATA uses the same basic ATA and ATAPI command-set as legacy ATA devices.

As of 2009, SATA has replaced parallel ATA in most shipping consumer desktop and laptop

computers, and is expected to eventually replace PATA in embedded applications where spaceand cost are important factors. SATA's market share in the desktop PC market was 99% in

2008.[2]

PATA remains widely used in industrial and embedded applications that use

CompactFlashstorage, though even here, the nextCFaststorage standard will be based onSATA.[3][4]

Contents

[hide]

1 Specification bodies

2 Features

o 2.1 Hotplug

o 2.2 Advanced Host Controller Interface

3 Revisions

o 3.1 SATA revision 1.0 (SATA 1.5 Gbit/s)

o 3.2 SATA revision 2.0 (SATA 3 Gbit/s)

o 3.3 SATA revision 3.0 (SATA 6 Gbit/s)

o 3.4 SATA revision 3.1

o 3.5 Terminology

4 Cables, connectors, and portso 4.1 Data connector

o 4.2 Power connectors

4.2.1 Standard connector

4.2.2 Slimline connector

4.2.3 Micro connector

o 4.3 eSATA

4.3.1 eSATAp
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#eSATAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#eSATAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#eSATAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_bushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_bushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_bushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Host_adapterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Host_adapterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Host_adapterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_storage_devicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_storage_devicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_storage_devicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_disk_drivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_disk_drivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_disk_drivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_drivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_drivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_drivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_drivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AT_Attachmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AT_Attachmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AT_Attachmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EIDEhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EIDEhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EIDEhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_ATAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_ATAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_ATAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_swappinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_swappinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_swappinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_transferhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_transferhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_transferhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_communicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_communicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_communicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retronymhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retronymhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retronymhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CompactFlashhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CompactFlashhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CompactFlash#CFasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CompactFlash#CFasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CompactFlash#CFasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Specification_bodieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Specification_bodieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Featureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Featureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Hotplughttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Hotplughttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Advanced_Host_Controller_Interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Advanced_Host_Controller_Interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Revisionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Revisionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#SATA_revision_1.0_.28SATA_1.5_Gbit.2Fs.29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#SATA_revision_1.0_.28SATA_1.5_Gbit.2Fs.29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#SATA_revision_2.0_.28SATA_3_Gbit.2Fs.29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#SATA_revision_2.0_.28SATA_3_Gbit.2Fs.29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#SATA_revision_3.0_.28SATA_6_Gbit.2Fs.29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#SATA_revision_3.0_.28SATA_6_Gbit.2Fs.29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#SATA_revision_3.1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#SATA_revision_3.1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Terminologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Terminologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Cables.2C_connectors.2C_and_portshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Cables.2C_connectors.2C_and_portshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Data_connectorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Data_connectorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Power_connectorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Power_connectorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Standard_connectorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Standard_connectorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Slimline_connectorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Slimline_connectorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Micro_connectorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Micro_connectorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#eSATAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#eSATAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#eSATAphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#eSATAphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#eSATAphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#eSATAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Micro_connectorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Slimline_connectorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Standard_connectorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Power_connectorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Data_connectorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Cables.2C_connectors.2C_and_portshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Terminologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#SATA_revision_3.1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#SATA_revision_3.0_.28SATA_6_Gbit.2Fs.29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#SATA_revision_2.0_.28SATA_3_Gbit.2Fs.29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#SATA_revision_1.0_.28SATA_1.5_Gbit.2Fs.29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Revisionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Advanced_Host_Controller_Interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Hotplughttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Featureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Specification_bodieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CompactFlash#CFasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CompactFlashhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retronymhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_communicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_transferhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_swappinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_ATAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EIDEhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AT_Attachmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_drivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_drivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_disk_drivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_storage_devicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Host_adapterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_bushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#eSATA


22/40

4.3.2 Pre-standard implementations

o 4.4 mSATA

5 Protocol

o 5.1 Physical layer

o 5.2 Link layer

o 5.3 Transport layer 6 Topology

7 Backward and forward compatibility

o 7.1 SATA and PATA

o 7.2 SATA 1.5 Gbit/s and SATA 3 Gbit/s

8 Comparison to other interfaces

o 8.1 SATA and SCSI

o 8.2 Comparison with other buses

9 Development tools

10 See also

11 Notes and references

12 External links

[edit] Specification bodies

Serial ATA industry compatibility specifications originate from The Serial ATA International

Organization (aka. SATA-IO, serialata.org). The SATA-IO group collaboratively creates,

reviews, ratifies, and publishes the interoperability specifications, the test cases, and plug-fests.

As with many other industry compatibility standards, the SATA content ownership is transferredto other industry bodies: primarily theINCITST13subcommitteeATA, the INCITST10

subcommittee (SCSI); a subgroup of T10 responsible forSerial Attached SCSI(SAS). The

complete specification from SATA-IO.[5]

The remainder of this article will try to use theterminology and specifications of SATA-IO.

[edit] Features

[edit] Hotplug

The Serial ATA Spec includes logic for SATA devicehotplugging. Devices and motherboards

that meet the interoperability specification are capable of hot plugging.

[edit] Advanced Host Controller Interface

Advanced Host Controller Interface (AHCI)is an open host controller interface published and

used by Intel, which has become a de facto standard. It allows the use of advanced features ofSATA such ashotplugandnative command queuing(NCQ). If AHCI is not enabled by themotherboard and chipset, SATA controllers typically operate in "IDE emulation" mode, which

does not allow features of devices to be accessed if the ATA/IDE standard does not support

them.

Windows device drivers that are labeled as SATA are often running in IDE emulation mode

unless they explicitly state that they are AHCI mode, inRAIDmode, or a mode provided by a
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Pre-standard_implementationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Pre-standard_implementationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#mSATAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#mSATAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Protocolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Protocolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Physical_layerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Physical_layerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Link_layerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Link_layerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Transport_layerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Transport_layerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Topologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Topologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Backward_and_forward_compatibilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Backward_and_forward_compatibilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#SATA_and_PATAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#SATA_and_PATAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#SATA_1.5_Gbit.2Fs_and_SATA_3_Gbit.2Fshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#SATA_1.5_Gbit.2Fs_and_SATA_3_Gbit.2Fshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Comparison_to_other_interfaceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Comparison_to_other_interfaceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#SATA_and_SCSIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#SATA_and_SCSIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Comparison_with_other_buseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Comparison_with_other_buseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Development_toolshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Development_toolshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#See_alsohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#See_alsohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Notes_and_referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Notes_and_referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#External_linkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#External_linkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serial_ATA&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serial_ATA&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serial_ATA&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INCITShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INCITShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T13_subcommitteehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T13_subcommitteehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T13_subcommitteehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T10_subcommitteehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T10_subcommitteehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T10_subcommitteehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCSIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCSIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCSIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_Attached_SCSIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_Attached_SCSIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_Attached_SCSIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serial_ATA&action=edit&section=2http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serial_ATA&action=edit&section=2http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serial_ATA&action=edit&section=2http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serial_ATA&action=edit&section=3http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serial_ATA&action=edit&section=3http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serial_ATA&action=edit&section=3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotplughttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotplughttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotplughttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serial_ATA&action=edit&section=4http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serial_ATA&action=edit&section=4http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serial_ATA&action=edit&section=4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Host_Controller_Interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Host_Controller_Interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotplughttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotplughttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotplughttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_command_queuinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_command_queuinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_command_queuinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAIDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAIDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAIDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAIDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_command_queuinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotplughttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Host_Controller_Interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serial_ATA&action=edit&section=4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotplughttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serial_ATA&action=edit&section=3http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serial_ATA&action=edit&section=2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_Attached_SCSIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCSIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T10_subcommitteehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T13_subcommitteehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INCITShttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serial_ATA&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#External_linkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Notes_and_referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#See_alsohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Development_toolshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Comparison_with_other_buseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#SATA_and_SCSIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Comparison_to_other_interfaceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#SATA_1.5_Gbit.2Fs_and_SATA_3_Gbit.2Fshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#SATA_and_PATAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Backward_and_forward_compatibilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Topologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Transport_layerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Link_layerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Physical_layerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Protocolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#mSATAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA#Pre-standard_implementations


23/40

proprietary driver and command set that was designed to allow access to SATA's advanced

features before AHCI became popular. Modern versions ofMicrosoft Windows,FreeBSD,Linuxwith version 2.6.19 onward,[6]as well asSolarisandOpenSolarisinclude support for AHCI, but

older OSs such asWindows XPdo not. Even in those instances a proprietary driver may have

been created for a specific chipset, such asIntel's.[7]

[edit] Revisions

[edit] SATA revision 1.0 (SATA 1.5 Gbit/s)

First-generation SATA interfaces, now known as SATA 1.5 Gbit/s, communicate at a rate of

1.5 Gbit/s. Taking8b/10b encodingoverhead into account, they have an actual uncoded transfer

rate of 1.2 Gbit/s (150 MB/s). The theoretical burst throughput of SATA 1.5 Gbit/s is similar to

that ofPATA/133, but newer SATA devices offer enhancements such as NCQ, which improveperformance in a multitasking environment.

During the initial period after SATA 1.5 Gbit/s finalization, adapter and drive manufacturersused a "bridge chip" to convert existing PATA designs for use with the SATA interface.[citationneeded] Bridged drives have a SATA connector, may include either or both kinds of power

connectors, and, in general, perform identically to their PATA equivalents. Most lack support forsome SATA-specific features such as NCQ. Native SATA products quickly eclipsed bridged

products with the introduction of the second generation of SATA drives.[citation needed]

As of April 2010 mechanicalhard disk drivescan transfer data at up to 157 MB/s,[8]which is

beyond the capabilities of the older PATA/133 specification and also exceeds a SATA 1.5 Gbit/s

link.

[edit] SATA revision 2.0 (SATA 3 Gbit/s)

Second generation SATA interfaces running at 3.0 Gbit/s are shipping in high volume as of

2010, and prevalent in all[citation needed] SATA disk drives and the majority of PC and server

chipsets. With a native transfer rate of 3.0 Gbit/s, and taking8b/10b encodinginto account, themaximum uncoded transfer rate is 2.4 Gbit/s (300 MB/s). The theoretical burst throughput of

SATA 3.0 Gbit/s is roughly double that of SATA revision 1. In addition, SATA devices offer

enhancements such asnative command queuingthat improve performance in a multitaskingenvironment.

All SATA data cables meeting the SATA spec are rated for 3.0 Gbit/s and will handle current

mechanical drives without any loss of sustained and burst data transfer performance. However,high-performance flash drives are approaching SATA 3 Gbit/s transfer rate, and this is being

add

ansi sarathy

Documents

Transcript of ansi sarathy