AnS 214 Exam 2 Review
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Transcript of AnS 214 Exam 2 Review
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AnS 214Exam 2 Review
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Nervous System Muscles CV Diagrams Misc.
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Nervous System - 10
• Name the three functions of the nervous system
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Nervous System – 10
• Collect sensory input• Integrate sensory input• Produce motor outputs
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Nervous System - 20
• What are cell bodies called in the PNS and CNS?
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Nervous System – 20
• CNS – Nuclei• PNS – Ganglia
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Nervous System - 30
• What type of cell forms the blood-brain-barrier?
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Nervous System – 30
• Astrocytes
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Nervous System - 40
• Myelination is formed by what types of cell in the PNS and CNS?
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Nervous System – 40
• CNS – Oligodendrocytes• PNS – Schwann cells
• Bonus question (10 points) : How many nerves are does each cell type cover?
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Nervous System - 50
• Describe an EPSP from the generation of an action potential to the post synaptic neuron. Name one type of synaptic relationship that generally causes EPSPs.
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Nervous System – 50
• Cell depolarizes, Na+ moves in• Reaches threshold• Generates action potential at axon hillock• Moves towards presynaptic axon terminal• Synaptic vesicles bind to axon terminal and release
neurotransmitter• Bind to receptors on postsynaptic neuron• Excite post-synaptic neuron to open chemically gated
channels• Axodendritic
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Muscles - 10
• What are three characteristics of skeletal muscle?
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Muscles – 10
• Voluntary• Striated• Attached to bones
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Muscles - 20
• Mammalian muscles cell grow by ______________ prenatally and ______________ after birth.
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Muscles – 20
• Hyperplasia• Hypertrophy
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Muscles - 30
• What makes up the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
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Muscles – 30
• Transverse(T) tubules• 2 terminal cisternae
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Muscles - 40
• What are the three subunits of troponin and what do they do?
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Muscles – 40
• TNt – interacts with tropomyosin• TNi – inhibits Ca bindign• TNc – binds Ca+2
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Muscles - 50
• Describe the length-tension relationship and provide examples of what the sarcomere looks like at the extremes.
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Muscles – 50
• The amount of tension generated depends on the muscles length before stimulation
• Overly contracted: thick filaments too close to z-disc to contract any more
• Too stretched: Very little overlap, cannot produce enough force to contract
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CV - 10
• Cardiac Output = ?
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CV – 10
• Stroke volume X Heart Rate
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CV - 20
• What percent of cells in the heart have automaticity?
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Answer 3 – 20
• 100%
• Bonus Question (10points) : How many actually exhibit automaticity?
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CV - 30
• Name three abnormal heart conditions
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CV – 30
• Angina• Myocardial infarction• Arrhythmia• Fibrillation• Defective Av node• Defective SA node• Premature ventricular contraction
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CV - 40
• Define diastole and systole
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CV – 40
• Diastole : ventricular relaxation• Systole : ventricular contraction
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CV - 50
• Trace an electrical signal through the heart starting at the SA node
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CV – 50
• SA node – fastest depolarization• AV node – connect atria and ventricle• AV bundle/bundle of His• Right and left bundle branches – in septum, go
towards apex of heart• Purkinje fibers – ventricular walls
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Diagrams - 10
• Draw an action potential. Include Na+ and K+ permeability.
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Diagrams – 10
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Diagrams - 20
• Label the waves.
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Diagrams – 20
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Diagrams - 30
• Label the parts of a myofilament.
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Diagrams – 30
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Diagrams - 40
• Draw and label a neuron.
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Diagrams – 40
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Diagrams - 50
• Draw the triad and show the movement of an action potential and calcium ions.
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Diagrams – 50
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Misc. - 10
• What is your favorite example Dr. Selsby has given in class?
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Misc. – 10
• Textbook experiment
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Misc. - 20
• What is a “pearl necklace” in the muscle system?
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Misc. – 20
• Troponin and tropomyosin
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Misc. - 30
• What is follistatin?
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Misc. – 30
• Myostatin inhibitor = bigger muscles
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Misc. - 40
• Name the three types of motor neurons
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Misc. – 40
• Sensory• Interneurons• Motor
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Misc. - 50
• Draw the four stages of the cross bridge cycle.
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Misc. – 50