34石墨系碳材表面形貌(a)球狀Beads，(b)片狀Flakes，(c)纖維狀Fibers，(d)馬鈴薯狀Potatoes

Anode MaterialsAnode Materials

35

Effect of the carbon type on the discharge profileEffect of the carbon type on the discharge profile

Anode MaterialsAnode Materials

36

New Anode Material CandidateNew Anode Material Candidatess

~3μm

CS of cycled Si thin-film>70μm

CS of faded Si thin film

Li metal

SiO

Li2.6 Co0.4 N

Carbons

Graphite

Capacity / Ah/kg

0

1000

2000

3000

40003000200010000

Cap

acity

/ A

h/ c

m3

Li4.4 Sn

Li4.4 Si

LiC

LiSi

SnO

Source: Maxell Sep./2005

Si SnCost ($/kg) 54 80

Capacity(Ah/kg) 4200 980Sp. Cost ($/Ah) 0.013 0.082

Key issueMechanical degradation by

volume expansion(fracture & disconnection)

3730% higher capacity than current Li-ion battery

Item Spec/materialNominal Capacity(0.2C) ave.

910mAh3.15Wh

Rated Capacity(0.2C) mini.

865mAh3.00Wh

Anode Material Co-Sn-C Amorphous

Cathode material Li-CoO2,Li- (Ni,Co,Mn)O2

Energy densityVolumetric（Wh/ l)

478Wh/l

Internal Impedance 70mΩCycle performance(0.5C discharge)

60% @300cycles

Model：14430

SonySony--NexelionNexelion

38

30% higher capacity than current Li-ion battery

SonySony--NexelionNexelion

39

Hitachi Maxell to Launch Li-ion Battery Using Si-based Anode Material

Capacity +20%Charging time -30%

-粒徑為nm大小的矽分散于非結晶SiO（氧化矽）內的“奈米

矽複合體＂，而非結晶SiO可緩和矽的膨脹及縮小程度。-利用碳覆蓋SiO的粒子表面，以提高導電性，然後與原來的

負極材料—石墨混合起來利用。

Hitachi MaxellHitachi Maxell

http://techon.nikkeibp.co.jp/english/NEWS_EN/20100426/182184/http://techon.nikkeibp.co.jp/article/NEWS/20090714/172963/?SS=imgview&FD=1312636522

40

SILX® Technology-Mitsui

Data source: Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co., Ltd. Japan

SILX® TechnologyConsists of unique network structure utilizing Silicon and CopperProvides significant improvement over proposed technologies

the nano‐designed surface copper can stabilize the electrode1. giving conductivity to each silicon particle, 2. preventing Si particles from isolation and keeping the bette

conductivity through whole electrode even after cycling.

41

SILX® Technology-Mitsui

Data source: Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co., Ltd. Japan

Capacity density1000Ah/l at charged state (SILX)Energy density 3300mAh, +690 Wh/L (cylindrical 18650)Rate performance+88% at ‐20oC, +65% at ‐30oC at 1CCycle life +80% at 500cycles (Coin 2032)

42

LiCoO2 /Li4 Ti5 O12傳統鋰離子電池

負極表面無鈍化膜形成SEI: Solid Electrolyte Interphase

阻抗低 (電池內阻低)穩定性高無鈍化膜分解熱產生

LiCoO2 /C

Anode Material-Li4 Ti5 O12

43

ToshibaToshiba--SCiBSCiB

Excellent Safety(超高安全性)-任何操作情況下

不爆炸、不燃燒

Long Life(超長使用壽命)

-電池充放電循環壽命可達5000次以上

High Power(超高放電功率)

-功率密度達到超高電容等級(>5000W/kg)

Rapid Charging(超快速充電)

-5分鐘可充飽電池(>90%)

Cryogenic Operation

(超低操作溫度)-可在-30℃下操作

SCiB (Super Charge ion Battery)

44

Desirable Properties Impact on Battery•High ionic conductivity•Wide electrochemical window

•High thermal stability•High chemical stability with battery components

•Forming favorable solid-electrolyte-interface layer on anode/cathode

•Low vapor pressure and lowmelting temperature

•Non-toxic and environmentally friendly

•Low cost

•High ionic conductivity•Wide electrochemical window

•High thermal stability•High chemical stability with battery components

•Forming favorable solid-electrolyte-interface layer on anode/cathode

•Low vapor pressure and lowmelting temperature

•Non-toxic and environmentally friendly

•Low cost

•High power•Long battery life

- Long calendar life- Long cycle life

•High cycling efficiency•Wide temperature

application range•High safety•Low battery cost

•High power•Long battery life

- Long calendar life- Long cycle life

•High cycling efficiency•Wide temperature

application range•High safety•Low battery cost

ElectrolytesElectrolytes

45

Solvent•Binary solvent:-EC/DMC-EC/DEC

•Ternary solvent -EC/DMC/EMC-EC/DEC/EMC

•Binary solvent:-EC/DMC-EC/DEC

•Ternary solvent -EC/DMC/EMC-EC/DEC/EMC

Salt

•LiPF6

•LiBF4

•LiN(CF3 SO3 )2

•LiPF6

•LiBF4

•LiN(CF3 SO3 )2

Electrolyte

•Conductivity:>10-3 (Ωcm)-1

•Voltage window:0-4.8V (vs. Li)

•Conductivity:>10-3 (Ωcm)-1

•Voltage window:0-4.8V (vs. Li)

Current StateCurrent State--ofof--thethe--art Electrolyte in Lithiumart Electrolyte in Lithium--ion Batteriesion Batteries

ElectrolytesElectrolytes

46

Characteristics of Organic SolventsCharacteristics of Organic Solvents

ElectrolytesElectrolytes

47

Characteristics of SaltsCharacteristics of Salts

ElectrolytesElectrolytes

48

Conductivity (in Conductivity (in mSmS/cm) of 1M LiPF/cm) of 1M LiPF66 solutions in various solventssolutions in various solvents

ElectrolytesElectrolytes

49

Conductivity (in Conductivity (in mSmS/cm) of 1M LiPF/cm) of 1M LiPF66 solutions in ternary solvent mixturessolutions in ternary solvent mixtures

ElectrolytesElectrolytes

50

Functions of SeparatorFunctions of SeparatorSeparate anode and cathodeRetain electrolyte for ionic condition Separate anode and cathodeRetain electrolyte for ionic condition

SeparatorsSeparators

51

•Maintain Solution Conductivity-High permeability -High wetability-Minimal thickness

•Stable in Battery Environment-Chemical stability -Mechanical stability -Thermal stability

•Safety-Optimal melting point -Non-toxic and environmental friendly

•Low cost

•Maintain Solution Conductivity-High permeability -High wetability-Minimal thickness

•Stable in Battery Environment-Chemical stability -Mechanical stability -Thermal stability

•Safety-Optimal melting point -Non-toxic and environmental friendly

•Low cost

Separator FunctionalitySeparator Functionality

SeparatorsSeparators

52

Common Separator Membrane Materials•Polypropylene (PP)•Polyethylene (PE)•PP/PE/PP

•Polypropylene (PP)•Polyethylene (PE)•PP/PE/PP

Current State-of-the-art Separator in Lithium-ion Batteries

PP and PE have chemical and physical properties well Suited for Li-ion batteries

•Maintains solution conductivity, σ

>10-3 S/cm•Unreactive to carbonate solvents and Li electrolyte salts •High thermal stability, >120°C•Mechanically durability at < 50μm•Pore size < 5μm

•Maintains solution conductivity, σ

>10-3 S/cm•Unreactive to carbonate solvents and Li electrolyte salts •High thermal stability, >120°C•Mechanically durability at < 50μm•Pore size < 5μm

SeparatorsSeparators

53

Binder

Commercial binderPVDF : Poly Vinylidene FluorideSBR : Styrene Butadiene RubberCMC: Carboxyl Methyl Cellulose

C C

H H

H

( )n C

H

C

H

C

H H

C

H

H

( )m

SBR

PVDF

54

Battery Manufacturing ProcessBattery Manufacturing Process

Cathode

Anode

active material +binder +solvent

Coating

Mixing

Paste

active material +binder +solvent

Mixing

Paste

Electrode ElectrodePressing

Slitting

Separator

Windingor

Stacking

Jerry rollor stack

Electrode ElectrodePressing

Slitting

Coating

Jerry rollor stack in can

Electrolyte filling

CellSealing

Cell

Formation

Electrode Assembly

Positive electrodecurrent collector

(+) Solid electrode

Solid Polymer Electrolyte

Negative electrodecurrent collector

(-) Solid electrode

Al foil

Cu foil

55

Electrode AssemblyElectrode Assembly

(+)

(-)

(+) (-)

WindingWinding

StackingStacking+Winding+Winding

Separator

AnodeCathode

StackingStacking

56

Cell DesignCell Design

Cylindrical type Prismatic type Laminated type

57

360V, 16kWhCell Module Pack4 Cells 22 Modules (88 cells)

Speed: 80 mph (130 km/h) Range: 100 mi (160 km)

Speed: 125 mph (200 km/h) Range: 236 mi (378 km)

Small Format vs. Large Format CellSmall Format vs. Large Format Cell

11 Modules (6831 cells)621 Cells

50 Ah

2 Ah

58

High Power

Higher capacity

18650 Cell Developments18650 Cell Developments

>2.6 Ah~ 1C discharging rate

2.0Ah-2.2Ah2-5C discharging rate

10C discharging rate

High Energy

High Pow

er

59

EV Cell DevelopmentsEV Cell Developments

60

EV Battery DevelopmentsEV Battery Developments

AESC: Automotive Energy Supply Corporation (NEC+Nissan)

61

Battery Management System Battery Management System Development TrendDevelopment Trend

ProtectionPCM(protection circuit modules)

BSU

ProtectionPCM(protection circuit modules)

BSU

InformationLimited information

Simplex communication

InformationLimited information

Simplex communication

InformationProcessed multi-information

Duplex communication(CANBus protocol)

InformationProcessed multi-information

Duplex communication(CANBus protocol)

PCM

Smart Battery

BMS(Battery Management

System)

Application3C products

EV products

http://www.shopping.hp.com/can/handhelds/handhelds/1/storefronts;jsessionid=Fb11vnEbXL1m5ZixG1GUv1pzpfmyVymcPVeUzm2ISFIpJi9He1pp!-23571563http://techon.nikkeibp.co.jp/article/NEWS/20080123/146098/http://www.autobloggreen.com/photos/ultra-motor-a2b/974069/http://green.autoblog.com/gallery/2008-chevrolet-equinox-fuel-cell

62

Battery Management System Battery Management System

Mechanical & Electronic Integration(機電整合)•communication interface (溝通介面)•power interface (電氣介面)•high voltage Connectors (高電壓接頭)

Cell & cell assembly (電芯及電芯組裝)•cell selection and grouping (電芯選用及群組)•cell array & cell holder design (電芯串並聯排列)•cell connection & welding (電芯焊接連接)

Thermal management (散熱管理)•air or liquid cooling (氣體或液體冷卻)•thermal radiation material design (散熱材料設計)

System electronics (電氣系統)•battery management system (電池管理系統)•software & firmware control (軟體及韌體監控)•electrical circuit (電子線路)

63

LIB Technology Status/PotentialLIB Technology Status/Potential

64

Future Research AreaFuture Research Area

65

電池性能在不同應用產品的最佳化電池性能在不同應用產品的最佳化

能量

Energy

功率/動力

Power

耐久性/使用壽命Durability

安全性

Safety

成本

Cost

循環壽命

Cycle Life

對的材料Right material

對的電池設計Right cell design

對的應用Right application

Trade-off relationship in various battery performances

LIB Design for Different ApplicationsLIB Design for Different Applications

66

Thank you for kind attention!!Thank you for kind attention!!謝謝聆聽！！謝謝聆聽！！ 歡迎指教！！歡迎指教！！

SafetySafetyReliabilityReliability

EfficiencyEfficiencyIntelligentIntelligentEnergy system solution

投影片編號 34投影片編號 35New Anode Material Candidates投影片編號 37投影片編號 38投影片編號 39SILX® Technology-MitsuiSILX® Technology-Mitsui投影片編號 42投影片編號 43投影片編號 44投影片編號 45Electrolytes投影片編號 47投影片編號 48投影片編號 49投影片編號 50投影片編號 51投影片編號 52投影片編號 53Battery Manufacturing ProcessElectrode Assembly投影片編號 56投影片編號 57投影片編號 58EV Cell DevelopmentsEV Battery Developments投影片編號 61投影片編號 62LIB Technology Status/PotentialFuture Research AreaLIB Design for Different Applications投影片編號 66