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ANNUAL PROGRAMME OF RESAERCH WORK

FOR THE YEAR

2015-16

OF

BIOCHEMISTRY SECTION

POST HARVEST RESEARCH CENTRE

FAISALABAD


Introduction

This section conducts research relating to nutritional quality evaluation of

promising lines / varieties of grain crops, fruits, vegetables and fodder crops, utilization

of agro-industrial wastes as plant nutrient source and soil improver for enhancing

productivity of crops, effect of fertilization on quality of crops and soil health for

improving plant nutrition and also determining toxicants/anti-nutritional factors in

different crops. In addition analytical facility for the quality assessment of

products/varieties of crop specialists, industry and farmers is carried out as per their

requirements.

During the year 2015-16 research will be carried out on nutritional quality of

aloevera, alfalfa, maize, rice, canola, rye grass, apple, peach, pomegranate, citrus and

pearl millet. Effect of fertilization on quality of wheat, guava, lentil, okra an maize

fodder, free fatty acid contents of seed cotton and its effect on germination, preservation /

silage of pearl millet fodder, effect of storage length on aflatoxin content of cereals,

antioxidant potential of citrus fruit, impact of saline water on quality of sorghum fodder

and standardization of bio diesel and bio ethanol production techniques.

Staff position

S. No. Name of Post Filled Vacant Total

1 Agricultural Chemist (Bio) 1 - 1

2 Assistant Agriculture Chemist 1 - 1

3 Assistant Research Officer 4 1 5

Break up of experiments

i. New = 08

ii. Ongoing = 14

iii. Total = 22


CONTENTS

Sr.

No.

Title Page No.

1 Chemical composition of aloevera with respect to seasonal variation. 1

2 Effect of cutting interval on crude protein, fiber content and dry

matter yield of alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) 2

3 Effect of different biostimulants on the quality of wheat and rice. 3

4 Quality comparison of hybrid vs synthetic varieties of maize, rice

and canola. 4

5 Effect of irrigation frequencies and its time of application on HCN

level in sorghum. 5

6 Effect of storage length on free fatty acid contents and germination

of cotton seed. 6

7 Comparison of nutritional quality of enriched silage and fresh fodder

of bajra (pearl millet). 7

8 Assessment of antioxidant potential of different fruits. 8

9 Quality comparison of different apple varieties grown in Punjab 9

10 Effect of potassium on nutritional quality and yield of wheat. 12

11 Nutritional quality evaluation of different varieties of peach. 14

12 Nutritional quality evaluation of different varieties of ryegrass. 16

13 Nutritional quality evaluation of different varieties of pomegranate

under climatic conditions of Faisalabad. 18

14 Effect of alone and combined application of organic and inorganic

manures on the production and nutritional quality of guava. 20

15 Nutritional quality evaluation of pearl millet fodder varieties/lines. 22

16 Improving the nutritional quality and yield of lentil by the use of

potassium. 24

17 Impact of saline water on nutritional quality and yield of sorghum

fodder. 26

18 Standardization of biodiesel production method in castor bean on

small/ laboratory scale. 28

19 Standardization of bio ethanol production technique at small scale.

29

20 Temporal changes in aflatoxin content of cereal grains affected by

storage length. 30

21 Nutritional quality evaluation of organically and inorganically grown

okra. 32

22 Effect of farm yard manure alone and in combination with NP

fertilizer on quality of maize fodder 34

23 Advisory service 35

1

TITLE-1 EFFECT OF CUTTING INTERVAL ON CRUDE PROTEIN,

FIBER CONTENT AND DRY MATTER YIELD OF

ALFALFA.

OBJECTIVES

Alfalfa is a perennial fodder. This study is therefore planned to

investigate the effect of stage of cutting interval on its quality.

RESEARCH

WORKERS

Maryam Sarfraz, Nisar Ahmad and Umar Farooq

DURATION 2015-18

LOCATION Biochemistry Section, PHRC, AARI, Faisalabad in collaboration

with Agronomy (Forage Production) section AARI, Faisalabad.

TREATMENTS Stage of Cuttings

T1 Continuous cuttings after every 20 days



METHODOLOGY The experiment will be sown in 30 cm apart rows during first week

of October with recommended fertilizer dose (NPK 22-115-00 kg

ha-1) with plot size 3m X 6m in RCBD with 4 replications. All

agronomic practices will be kept uniform .Seed rate will be 10-12

kg/ha. First cut will be taken 30 days after sowing in all the

treatments/ plots while remaining cuttings will be taken according to

the plan. Samples from each cutting will be collected for analysis of

crude protein, total crude protein, crude fat, total minerals, fiber

content and NFE.

PREVIOUS YEAR,S

RESULTS

New experiment

2

TITLE-2 EFFECT OF IRRIGATION FREQUENCIES AND ITS TIME

OF APPLICATION ON HCN LEVEL IN SORGHUM

OBJECTIVES Sorghum is a rabi fodder. It is opined that drought increases HCN

level in this crop. This study is therefore planned to determine the

effective irrigation interval and its time of application to minimize

HCN level in sorghum

RESEARCH

WORKERS

Muhammad Arfan-ul-Haq, Nisar Ahmad and Umar Farooq

DURATION 2015-18


with Agronomy (Forage Production) Section, AARI, Faisalabad.

TREATMENTS

T1 = 1 irrigation at 20 days after sowing



T4 = 1 irrigation at 20 days after sowing+ 1 irrigation at 30 days

after sowing


after sowing


after sowing


after sowing+ 1 irrigation at 40 days after sowing

METHODOLOGY The experiment will be sown in 30 cm apart rows during first

week of June with recommended fertilizer dose having plot size 6

m x 10 m using RCBD with three replications. All agronomic

practices will be kept uniform. Data regarding HCN level and

green fodder yield will be recorded. Samples will be analyzed for

dry matter, crude protein, mineral matter and crude fiber.

PREVIOUS YEAR,S

RESULTS

New experiment

3

TITLE-3 EFFECT OF DIFFERENT BIOSTIMULANTS ON THE

QUALITY OF WHEAT AND RICE

OBJECTIVES Biostimulant is a substance that is neither a plant nutrient nor a

pesticide, but has a positive impact on plant health. Progressive

farmers are using this to increase the yield and growth of rice and

wheat. This study is therefore planned to see the effect of

biostimulants on quality of wheat and rice.

RESEARCH

WORKERS


DURATION 2015-18


with Soil Bacteriology Section, AARI, Faisalabad.

TREATMENTS Biostimulant Dose Application method

1 Factop Rice= 3ml/kg Seed treatment

All Cropgro Wheat =1.5ml/kg //

2 Prim GR: Wheat & Rice =5kg/acre Soil application

3 Canal Water: Wheat & Rice =9L/acre Soil application

4 BM Plus: Wheat & Rice=2 ml/1kg Seed treatment

5 Basanti: Wheat & Rice=10kg/acre Soil application

6 Sea Maxx: Wheat& Rice=300-500 Foliar application

ml/ acre

METHODOLOGY A Pot study will be conducted at Biochemistry Section, AARI,

Faisalabad on rice and wheat according to CRD with three

replications. Six bio stimulants will be collected from Soil

Bacteriology Section and applied to see the effect on the yield and

quality of rice and wheat.

Recommended dose of PK will be applied at the time of sowing

while N in two splits. At the time of harvesting grain and paddy

samples will be collected, dried, ground and analyzed for dry

matter, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, ash, phosphorous and

NFE.

PREVIOUS YEAR,S

RESULTS

New experiment

4

TITLE-4 QUALLITY COMPARISON OF HYBRID VS SYNTHETIC

VARIETIES OF MAIZE, RICE AND CANOLA.

OBJECTIVES Progressive farmers of our country are usually growing hybrids

due to high yield and income. A school of thought criticizes

hybrids due to low nutritional quality. Keeping in view, a study is

planned to compare the quality of hybrids and synthetic varieties

of maize, rice and canola.

RESEARCH

WORKERS


DURATION 2015-18

LOCATION Biochemistry Section, PHRC, AARI, Faisalabad.

TREATMENTS Va T1 Maize Synthetic Hybrid

Malka 2015 FH- 949

MMRI- Yusafwala FH- 810

MMRI- Yellow FH- 1036

Sahiwal- 2002 FH- 922

Agaiti- 2002 FH- 988

FH- 1231

T2 Rice Super Basmati Malkarani-1

Basmati-2000 Malkarani-2

Shaheen Basmati Sallar

T3 Canola Punjab Sarsoon Hayola 401

Faisal Canola Faisalabad Hybrid

METHODOLOGY Samples of maize, rice and canola will be collected from Maize

Research Station, AARI, Faisalabad, Rice Research Institute,

Kala Shah Kaku and Oil Seed Research Institute, Faisalabad.

Three replications of each sample will be analyzed. Samples will

be dried, ground and analyzed for moisture, crude protein, crude

fiber, crude fat, ash, phosphorous and NFE.

PREVIOUS YEAR,S

RESULTS

New experiment

5

TITLE-5

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ALOE VERA WITH

RESPECT TO SEASONAL VARIATION.

OBJECTIVES The Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis miller) plant has been known and

used for centuries for health, beauty and medicinal properties. The

Egyptians called Aloe “the plant of immortality.” Keeping in view the

importance of aloe vera present study is planned to evaluate the

quality of the leaves of Aloe vera.

RESEARCH

WORKERS

Hafsa Zafar, Nisar Ahmad and Umar Farooq

DURATION 2015-18


TREATMENTS Sampling Time

1. January

2. April

3. July

4. October

METHODOLOGY Five samples of two varieties of Aloe vera will be collected from pots

at an interval of three months starting from January, 2016 and

analyzed using CRD for quality parameters.

Fresh plant leaves will be used to determine gel (%), peel (%) and

fresh gel will be used to record pH, Vitamin C and TSS. Plant leaves

will be cut into slices and oven dried plant sample will be used to

record data regarding Dry matter, Crude protein, Crude fat, Ash,

Crude fiber, NFE, Potassium, Sodium, Phosphorus, Calcium, Copper,

Zinc and Iron.

PREVIOUS YEAR,S

RESULTS

New experiment

6

TITLE-6 EFFECT OF STORAGE LENGTH ON FREE FATTY ACID

CONTENTS AND GERMINATION OF COTTON SEED

OBJECTIVES To determine the proper storage period for better germination of

cotton seed and get maximum yield as yield depends directly on

seed germination rate, and also to study the correlation between

free fatty acid contents, seed germination and storage length.

RESEARCH

WORKERS


DURATION 2015-18

LOCATION Biochemistry Section, PHRC, AARI, Faisalabad

TREATMENTS

Varieties:

1- MNH-886

2- FH-942

3- FH-142

4- Lalazar

Storage Length:

1- Three months

2- Six months

3- Nine months

4- Twelve months

METHODOLOGY Seed of the above mentioned varieties will be collected / sown

during normal season. Seed will be stored at room temperature and

analyzed for free fatty acids. Germination will also be tested after

each storage period using CRD with three replications.

PREVIOUS YEAR,S

RESULTS

New experiment

7

TITLE-7 COMPARISON OF NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF

ENRICHED SILAGE AND FRESH FODDER OF BAJRA

(PEARL MILLET)

OBJECTIVES Silage is considered the better way to conserve forage crops. A

forage crop can be cut early and only has 23% dry matter to be

ensiled successfully. Silage can be produced both in cold and

cloudy weather. Fermentation in silage reduces harmful nitrates

accumulated in plants during droughts and in over fertilized

crops. Keeping in view of the importance of silage this trial was

planned to compare the nutritional quality of silage prepared

using different enrichment materials and fresh bajra fodder

RESEARCH

WORKERS


DURATION 2015-18

LOCATION Biochemistry Section, PHRC, AARI, Faisalabad

TREATMENTS 1- Fresh fodder

2- Silage prepared without any additive

3- Silage prepared with 1 % molasses as additive

4- Silage prepared with 2 % molasses as additive

5- Silage prepared with 1 % urea

6- Silage prepared with 1 % molasses + 1 % urea

METHODOLOGY Bajra will be sown during June-July using recommended

agronomic practices. On maturity, fresh fodder samples will be

analyzed as such, and also silage of these samples will be

prepared using above mentioned treatment plan in small pits

randomized using complete block design with three replications.

Samples will be analyzed for dry matter, crude protein, crude

fiber, mineral mater and crude fat.

PREVIOUS YEAR’S

REULTS

New experiment

8

TITLE- 8 ASSESSMENT OF ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF

DIFFERENT FRUITS.

OBJECTIVES

Antioxidant compounds in food play an important role as a

health protecting factor. Scientific evidence suggests that

antioxidants reduce the risk for chronic diseases including

cancer and heart disease (Gorinstein et.al., 2004). That is why

the present study is planned to determine the antioxidants

potential of citrus fruit during this year.

RESEARCH

WORKERS

Hafsa Zafar, Muhammad Zaighum Mushtaq, Nisar Ahmad and

Umar Farooq

DURATION Continuous

LOCATION Biochemistry Section AARI, Faisalabad.

TREATMENTS

1. Kinnow

2. Lemon

3. Musambi

4. Grape fruit

METHODOLOGY Five fruit samples (5 fruit/sample and three fruit per replication)

will be collected from local market. Fresh juice of the samples

will be extracted and used for determination of Vitamin- C, pH,

TSS, acidity and total antioxidants. Total phenol contents will be

determined from oven dried, ground plant sample.

PREVIOUS YEAR,S

RESULTS

New experiment

9

TITLE-9 QUALITY COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT APPLE

VARIETIES GROWN IN PUNJAB

OBJECTIVES Apple constitutes an important part of human diet as they are a source

of sugars, acids and iron. Therefore different varieties of apples will be

evaluated for different quality parameters.

RESEARCH

WORKERS


DURATION 2014-17

LOCATION Biochemistry Section PHRC, AARI, Faisalabad in collaboration with

Hill Fruit Research Stations, Murree.

TREATMENTS

T1 KingRed Delicious

T2 Golden Delicious

T3 Jona Gold

T4 Kandhari

T5 Red Golden

T6 Star king Delicious

T7 Golden Russet

T8 Ida Red

T9 Sky spur

T10 Nugget

T11 Red Chief

T12 Spartin

T13 Gala must R

METHODOLOGY 1 Kg sample of thirteen different varieties of apple will be collected

from Hill Fruit Research Station, Murree during the month of

September according to RCBD with three replications. After recording

fresh weight, pulp %, Juice %, Peel %, Firmness and Moisture. Juice

will be extracted and analyzed for ascorbic acid, malic acid, acidity,

pH, TSS, reducing sugar, total and non reducing sugar and iron.

PREVIOUS

YEAR,S

RESULTS

Page-10

10

PHSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF APPLE:

Treatment Seed

(%)

Malic

Acid

(%)

Reducing

sugar

(%)

Total

Sugars

(%)

Non-

reducing

sugar (%)

Vitamin-C

(mg/100ml)

Nuggets 6.99bcd 0.31gh 6.31c 10.26c 3.75abc 2.78c

Gala Must 8.37a 0.50abc 6.22cd 9.98cd 3.56bcd 3.70bc

Jona glod 8.38a 0.52ab 6.93b 9.42e 2.37e 5.56a

Starking Delicious 4.60e 0.54a 4.97gh 8.13g 3.00de 2.78c

Red Golden 7.63ab 0.39ef 5.74de 9.21e 3.29cd 2.78c

Spartin 7.94ab 0.40de 6.43bc 9.93d 3.32cd 4.63ab

king red delicious 5.89d 0.47bc 6.31c 10.62b 4.10ab 5.56a

Sky spur 6.31cd 0.32gh 5.14fgh 9.11ef 3.77abc 3.70bc

Golden delicious 7.30abc 0.34fg 5.58ef 9.26e 3.49bcd 4.63ab

Golden Russet 7.18bc 0.45cd 4.81h 8.87f 3.86abc 5.56a

Kandhari 6.40cd 0.27h 7.51a 11.23a 3.53bcd 5.56a

Red chief 6.39cd 0.53a 5.34efg 9.87d 4.30a 5.56a

CV 9.84 8.08 5.14 1.96 11.02 21.99

LCD 1.16 0.05 0.52 0.32 0.65 1.64

11

Treatment Firmness

(kg)

pH Acidity

(%)

Fresh

weight

(g/fruit)

TSS Peel+Pulp

(%)

Juice

(%)

Nuggets 5.90c 5.07e 0.52ghi 141.0b 132.a 35.2ab 41.1de

Gala Must 6.94b 6.25a 0.83d 120.1cd 11.d 36.6ab 43.5bcd

Jona glod 7.68a 5.66b 0.53gh 115.1cd 10.5ef 39.1a 21.2a

Starking

Delicious

5.76c 5.41bcde 0.49hi 144.5b 11.1d 36.8ab 50.5a

Red Golden 5.59ab 5.57bcd 0.75e 91.8f 10.1gd 40.5a 51.0a

Spartin 7.81a 5.56bcd 0.94c 121.5c 10h 31.4b 48.0abc

king red delicious 4.60d 5.50bcd 0.67f 137.1b 12.9a 21.8c 41.8cde

Sky spur 5.38c 5.65bc 0.46i 120.5de 10.7e 38.0a 50.1a

Golden delicious 7.31ab 5.28cde 1.02b 145.4b 10.7e 40.8a 36.7c

Golden Russet 7.63ab 5.65bc 0.79de 100.8ef 10.3fg 37.9a 49.4ab

Kandhari 2.52f 5.29bcde 1.18a 96.8f 12.2b 16.9c 52.5a

Red chief 3.67c 5.20de 0.57g 154.9a 11.4c 35.7ab 35.7e

CV 7.21 4.04 4.59 5.21 1.40 10.16 8.31

LCD 0.74 0.37 0.057 10.89 0.26 5.89 8.48

Conclusion

It is concluded that acidity (1.18%), juice % (52.5%), reducing sugar (7.51%),

total sugar (11.23%) and vitamin C (5.56 mg/100ml) were found better in Kandhari while

maximum fresh weight (154.9g/fruit), malic acid (0.53%) and reducing sugar (4.30%) was

found in red chief.

12

TITLE-10 EFFECT OF POTASSIUM ON NUTRITIONAL QUALITY AND

YIELD OF WHEAT

OBJECTIVES Potassium has key role in improving quality and yield of wheat and

other crops as well. Our farming community is not applying potassium

to the wheat. This study is therefore planned to see the effect of

potassium on nutritional quality and yield of wheat.

RESEARCH

WORKERS

Muhammad Zaighum Mushtaq, Nisar Ahmad and Umar Farooq

DURATION 2014-17

LOCATION

Biochemistry Section AARI, Faisalabad.

TREATMENTS

Treatments Fertilizer kg ha-1

T1 NP (120-90)

T2 NP (120-90) + K (40)

T3 NP (120-90) + K (60)

T4 NP (120-90) + K (80)

T5 NP (120-90) + K (100)

METHODOLOGY Crop will be sown at farm area of Biochemistry Section AARI,

Faisalabad by opting necessary agronomic practices during the month

of October-November by following RCBD with three replications. Full

dose of phosphorus and potassium will be applied at the time of

sowing while nitrogen will be applied two splits. Data regarding

physical parameters will be recorded at the time of harvesting. Grain

samples will be collected from each plot, dried, ground and analyze for

dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, ash, Phosphorous, K,

calcium & NFE.

PREVIOUS

YEAR,S

RESULTS

Page-13

13

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF WHEAT

Treatments Total

Biomass

(t ha-1)

Grain

Yield

(t ha-1)

Dry

matter

(%)

Ash

(%)

Crude

fat

(%)

NP (120-90) 11.35 a 4.98 b 94.86 1.18 b 2.33 b

NP (120-90) + K (40) 11.70 b 5.48 ab 94.41 1.25 ab 2.48 ab

NP (120-90) + K (60) 12.53 ab 5.40 ab 94.76 1.32 ab 2.53 ab

NP (120-90) + K (80) 12.68 ab 5.77 ab 94.83 1.35 ab 2.57 ab

NP (120-90) + K (100) 13.57 a 6.22 a 94.61 1.42 a 2.73 a

CV (%) 7.22 10.07

NS

7.13 7.13

LSD 1.681 1.056 0.175 0.175

Treatments Crude Protein

(%)

Calcium

(%)

Potassium

(%)

Phosphorus

(%)

NP (120-90) 11.43 b 0.013 c 0.98 b 0.195

NP (120-90) + K (40) 11.73 ab 0.016 bc 1.01 b 0.198

NP (120-90) + K (60) 12.37 ab 0.018 ab 1.05 ab 0.201

NP (120-90) + K (80) 12.54 ab 0.022 a 1.00 b 0.208

NP (120-90) + K (100) 12.92 a 0.023 a 1.14 a 0.210

CV (%) 6.27 9.15 5.61

NS LSD 1.439 0.004 0.029

Conclusion

Potassium application @ 100 kg ha-1 along with standard dose of NP produced

maximum total biomass (13.57 t ha-1), grain yield (6.22 t ha-1), ash (1.42 %), crude protein

(12.92 %), crude fat (2.73 %), potassium (1.14 %) and calcium (0.023 %).

14

TITLE-11 NUTRITIONAL QUALITY EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT

VARIETIES OF PEACH.

OBJECTIVES Peach (Prunus Persica) fruit is a drupe which is low in calories and

contains no saturated fats. They are rich in numerous health promoting

compounds, minerals and vitamins. Therefore different varieties of

peach will be analyzed for quality parameters.

RESEARCH

WORKERS


DURATION 2014-17

LOCATION Biochemistry Section, PHRC, AARI, Faisalabad in collaboration with

Hill Fruit Research Station, Murree.

TREATMENTS Varieties

T1 Nectarine

T2 Florida King

T3 Spring Crest

T4 Peach 8

T5 Peach 3

T6 Maria Delicizia

T7 Early Grand

T8 A 699

METHODOLOGY Samples of eight varieties of peach will be collected from Hill Fruit

Research Station, Murree during the month of June according to RCBD

with three replications. Data regarding fresh fruit weight, fruit diameter,

dry matter, moisture, juice %, peel %, seed %, vitamin-C, reducing

sugars, non-reducing sugars, total invert sugars, TSS, pH and acidity and

firmness of fruit will be recorded whereas oven dried samples will be

ground and analyzed for fiber, phosphorus, potassium and iron.

PREVIOUS YEAR,S

RESULTS

Page -15

15

Physicochemical analysis of Peach:

Conclusion

Considering Fresh weight (116.7), diameter (61.7 mm), Dry matter (14 %), Pulp

(77.6 %), Total Invert Sugar (7.3) and Reducing Sugar (5.1 %) Florida King is found better.

Treatments

Fresh

Weight

(g/fruit)

Diameter

(mm)

Dry matter

(%)

Pulp (%) Stone

(%) Peel (%) pH

Florida King 116.7 a 61.7 a 14.0 a 77.6 a 6.1 c 16.3 b 4.70 c

Early Grand 100.8 b 56.0 b 12.5 b 75.5 a 7.6 b 16.9 b 4.85 ab

A-669 53.4 b 42.4 c 12.08 b 70.1 b 10.2 a 19.7 a 4.89 a

Maria Delicizia 92.4 c 54.0 b 11.58 b 76.0 a 6.8 bc 17.2 b 4.74 bc

C.V 10.94 5.59 5.82 4.21 16.23 13.33 2.94

LSD 9.01 2.72 1.37 2.85 1.13 2.12 0.128

Treatments Reducing

Sugar (%)

Total Invert

Sugar

(%)

Non Reducing

Sugar

(%)

TSS (%) Firmness

(kg)

Florida King 5.1 a

7.3 a 2.7 a 10.2 ab 1.7 bc

Early Grand 4.1 b

6.7 b 0.6 c 11.0 a 1.3 c

A-669 4.4 b

5.0 d 2.5 a 9.9 b 2.0 b

Maria Delicizia 2.8 c 5.6 c 2.1 b

9.5 b

4.9 a

C.V 4.22 2.8 7.39 11.12 19.40

LSD 0.33 0.33 0.28 1.02 0.435

16


VARIETIES OF RYEGRASS.

OBJECTIVES Ryegrass is a very useful multicut un-conventional fodder of winter

season. Its growth also continues in swear cold and frost. It is resistant

to salinity to some extent. It is rich in protein and dry matter as

compare to other rabi fodders. Animals eat it happily both in fresh and

dry form. It is also suitable for mixed cropping with Oat, Berseem and

Lucerne. Its hay is also useful equally.

RESEARCH

WORKERS


DURATION 2013-16

LOCATION Biochemistry Section AARI, Faisalabad

TREATMENTS Varieties/Lines

1) RG1

2) Fantastic

3) Marshal

METHODOLOGY Rye grass varieties will be sown at farm area of Biochemistry Section

AARI, Faisalabad during the month of October following RCBD with

three replications. Fresh fodder yield will be recorded at the time of

each cutting. Samples from each variety will be collected, dried,

ground and analyzed for dry matter ,crude protein, crude fiber, crude

fat, ash, phosphorous, calcium and NFE

PREVIOUS

YEAR,S

RESULTS

Page-17

17

Chemical composition of Rye Grass Cutting-I

Treatment Fresh

Fodder

Yield

(t ha-1)

Dry matter

(%)

Ash (%) Crude fat

(%)

Crude

Protein

(%)

Marshal 23.35 14.41 11.62 2.76 15.10

Fantastic 38.88 12.37 11.78 2.95 15.58

RG-1 33.72 13.49 11.38 2.51 14.67

Chemical composition of Rye Grass Cutting-II

Treatment Fresh

Fodder

Yield

(t ha-1)

Dry matter

(%)

Ash (%) Crude fat

(%)

Crude

Protein

(%)

Marshal 19.77 14.53 12.10 2.50 14.37

Fantastic 26.13 12.17 11.34 2.68 14.87

RG-1 26.10 13.43 11.78 2.30 14.28

Conclusion

Maximum fresh fodder yield (38.88 t/ha), crude protein (15.58 %), and crude

fat (2.95%), were found in fantastic in cutting I. Similar trend was also found in cutting II

18


VARIETIES OF POMEGRANATE UNDER CLIMATIC

CONDITIONS OF FAISALABAD

OBJECTIVES

Pomegranate is among the most popular, nutritionally rich fruit with

unique flavor, taste, health promoting characteristics and is often called

as “Super fruit”. Therefore present study is planned to check the

quality of pomegranate under climatic conditions of Faisalabad.

RESEARCH

WORKERS


DURATION 2013-16


TREATMENTS Varieties

T1 NARC-1

T2 NARC-2

T3 Sultan

T4 Kandhari

T5 Tarnab Gulabi

METHODOLOGY Samples of five varieties of Pomegranate will be collected from

Horticultural Farm, Faisalabad during the month of august according to

RCBD with three replications. After recording fresh weight and

diameter juice will be extracted and analyzed for Juice %, peel %,

seed % vitamin-C, reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar, total invert

sugar, TSS, pH and acidity

PREVIOUS

YEAR,S

RESULTS

Page- 19

19

Physicochemical analysis of Pomegranate:

Treatments

Fresh

Weight

(g/fruit) Juice (%)

Peel

(%)

Seed +

Pulp

(%) pH

Acidity

(%)

Tarnab

Gulabi 143.8 d 31.7 b 34.5 c 33.8 b 3.3 b 1.63 b

NARC-1 221.9 a 33.4 a 37.7 ab 28.9 c 3.2 bc 1.70 a

NARC-2 199.6 b 28.0 c 35.7 bc 36.3 b 3.5 a 1.65 b

Kandhari 159.6 c 17.0 d 39.2 a 43.7 a 3.2 c 1.16 c

Sultan 187.7 b 32.3 ab 37.2 c 30.4 c 3.5 a 0.78 d

C.V 5.58 3.05 5.24 5.95 1.90 1.29

LSD 15.7 1.308 2.913 3.10 0.115 0.0325

Treatments

Reducing

Sugar (%)

Total Sugar

(%)

Non Reducing

Sugar

(%)

TSS (%) Vitamin C

(mg/100mL)

Tarnab Gulabi 10.72 c 16.40 b 5.40 a

17.5b

12.5 ab

NARC-1 11.75 b 14.10 d 2.23 c 15.4d 12.5 ab

NARC-2 9.90 c 13.42 d 3.34 b 14.6e 9.8 c

Kandhari 12.19 b 15.03 c 2.70 bc 16.4c 12.8 a

Sultan 16.02 a 18.88 a 2.72 bc 19.8a 11.75 b

C.V 4.04 2.77 13.21 0.56 4.80

LSD 0.892 0.784 0.7881 0.169 1.037

Conclusion

Considering, total sugar contents (18.9 %) Juice (32.3 %) TSS (19.8 %) performance of

Sultan was found better. Fresh Weight (221.9g) was found better in NARC-1.

20

TITLE-14 EFFECT OF ALONE AND COMBINED APPLICATION OF

ORGANIC AND INORGANIC MANURES ON THE

PRODUCTION AND NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF GUAVA

OBJECTIVES

To find out the optimum dose of individual and combined application

of organic and inorganic manures on quality of guava.

RESEARCH

WORKERS


DURATION 2013-16

LOCATION In collaboration with Horticultural Research Institute, AARI,

Faisalabad.

TREATMENTS

T1 = NPK 100% (1000g, 500g, 500g) / tree

T2 = NPK 100% (1000g, 500g, 500g) + FYM (40 kg/plant)

T3 = NPK 75% (750g, 375g, 375g) + FYM 25% (10 kg/plant)



METHODOLOGY This trial will be conducted at farm area of Horticultural Research

Institute, AARI, Faisalabad using RCBD with three replications. Farm

yard manure will be applied in the month of December. Full dose of

Phosphorous and Potassium and half dose of nitrogen will be applied

in the month of February and remaining half dose of nitrogen in the

month of august. Winter fruit will be collected and data regarding

yield /plant, fruit weight, fruit size, no. of fruits/plant and Firmness of

fruit will be recorded. Samples will be analyzed for vitamin-C,

reducing, non reducing and total sugars, TSS, pH on fresh basis.

Samples will be dried, ground and analyzed for dry matter and crude

protein.

PREVIOUS

YEAR,S

RESULTS

Page -21

21

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GUAVA

Treatments Dry matter

(%)

Crude protein

(%)

vitamin C

(mg/100g)

Reducing

sugars (%)

T1 12.12c 9.83b 193.6b 4.18s

T2 12.65bc 11.3a 207.9a 5.78a

T3 13.33ab 9.04c 176.3c 3.92c

T4 14.04a 8.54c 157.2d 3.72c

T5 13.60a 8.02d 150.4e 3.47d

CV 3.70 2.84 1.87 2.89

LSD 0.915 0.501 6.224 0.230

Treatments Total sugars

(%)

Non reducing

sugars (%)

Mineral

matter (%)

pH

T1 5.77b 1.50b 0.927b 5.63ab

T2 8.02a 2.12a 1.107a 5.43b

T3 5.27c 1.28bc 0.843b 5.87a

T4 4.92cd 1.14c 0.724c 5.77a

T5 4.67d 1.14c 0.640c 5.83a

CV 3.72 8.82 7.29 2.54

LSD 0.401 0.239 0.116 0.273

Conclusion:

Treatment T2 where full dose of NPK and farmyard manure were applied gave

maximum crude protein (11.3 %), vitamin-c (207.9 mg/100g), reducing sugars (5.78 %), total

sugars (8.02 %), non reducing sugars (2.12 %) and mineral matter (1.107 %).

22

TITLE-15 NUTRITIONAL QUALITY EVALUATION OF PEARL

MILLET FODDER VARIETIES / LINES

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the yield and nutritional quality of varieties / promising

lines of pearl millet fodder being evolved by the Fodder Section,

AARI, Faisalabad.

RESEARCH

WORKERS


DURATION 2013-16

LOCATION Biochemistry Section AARI, Faisalabad in collaboration with Fodder

Section AARI, Faisalabad.

TREATMENTS Varieties/Lines

1) Sargodha Bajra 2011

2) BS-2000

3) FB-794

4) FB-812

5) FB-822

6) MB-87

7) F-786

METHODOLOGY Samples of pearl millet varieties / lines will be collected from Fodder

section, AARI Faisalabad according to RCBD with three replications

at 50% heading stage. Samples will be dried, ground and analyzed for

dry matter ,crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, ash, phosphorous,

calcium and NFE

PREVIOUS

YEAR,S

RESULTS

Page-23

23

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF PEARL MILLET FODDER

Treatments Dry matter

(%)

Ash

(%)

Crude fat

(%)

Crude

protein

(%)

Sargodha Bajra

2011 25.91 b 12.03 a 2.19 a 9.48 a

BS-2000 28.39 a 10.27 cd 1.59 c 8.87 ab

FB-794 25.14 b 10.12 cde 1.79 bc 7.90 c

FB-812 28.75 a 9.43 e 1.54 c 7.85 c

FB-822 25.72 b 9.58 de 1.98 ab 8.25 bc

MB-87 23.34 c 11.11 b 1.63 c 8.72 b

F-786 21.27 d 10.47 bc 1.55 c 7.76 c

CV (%) 2.77 4.05 9.40 4.63

LSD 1.257 0.752 0.288 0.692

Treatments Phosphorous

(%)

Calcium

(%)

Crude fiber

(%)

NFE

(%)

Sargodha Bajra

2011 0.217ab 0.087 bc 36.20 40.10 c

BS-2000 0.202 ab 0.095 ab 37.47 41.81 bc

FB-794 0.155 d 0.097 ab 37.59 42.59 abc

FB-812 0.230 a 0.099 a 36.52 44.66 a

FB-822 0.167 cd 0.093 ab 36.70 43.49 ab

MB-87 0.200 ab 0.080 c 36.06 42.48 abc

F-786 0.192 ab 0.093 ab 35.78 44.44 a

CV (%) 8.81 6.88

NS

3.44

LSD 0.030 0.009 2.617

Conclusion

Sargodha Bajra 2011 was found better due to higher ash (12.03 %), crude fat

(2.19 %) and crude protein (9.48 %). However maximum dry matter (28.75%), phosphorus

(0.230 %) calcium (0.099 %) and NFE (44.66 %) was found in FB-812.

24

TITLE-16 IMPROVING THE NUTRITIONAL QUALITY AND YIELD OF

LENTIL BY THE USE OF POTASSIUM

OBJECTIVES To improve the nutritional quality and yield of lentil by the use of

potassium. Our farming community is not applying potassium to the

pulses. Potassium has key role in improving quality and yield of lentil.

Pulses are poor man meat as they are rich in protein and other nutrients

essential for proper body functioning.

RESEARCH

WORKERS


DURATION 2013-16

LOCATION Biochemistry Section AARI, Faisalabad in collaboration with Pulses

Research Institute Faisalabad.

TREATMENTS

Treatments Fertilizer kg ha-1

T1 NP (25-60)

T2 NP (25-60) + K (30)

T3 NP (25-60) + K (45)

T4 NP (25-60) + K (60)

T5 NP (25-60) + K (75)

METHODOLOGY Crop will be sown at farm area of Pulses Research Institute Faisalabad

by opting necessary agronomic practices during the month of October

by following RCBD with three replications. Treatments will be applied

at the time of sowing. Data regarding physical parameters (Grain yield)

will be recorded at the time of harvesting. Grain samples will be

collected from each plot, dried, ground and analyze for dry matter,

crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, ash, Phosphorous, calcium &

NFE.

PREVIOUS

YEAR,S

RESULTS

Page-25

25

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF LENTIL

Treatments Grain Yield

(t ha-1)

Dry matter

(%)

Ash

(%)

Crude fat

(%)

NP (25-60) 1.27 b 97.95 1.60 b 3.91 c

NP (25-60) + K (30) 1.34 ab 97.99 1.63 ab 4.03 bc

NP (25-60) + K (45) 1.45 ab 98.21 1.66 ab 4.16 abc

NP (25-60) + K (60) 1.48 a 98.22 1.74 ab 4.26 abc

NP (25-60) + K (75) 1.46 ab 98.33 1.83 a 4.28 a

CV (%) 7.64

NS

7.04 3.28

LSD 0.201 0.224 0.254

Treatments Crude

Protein

(%)

Calcium

(%)

Potassium

(%)

Phosphorus

(%)

NP (25-60) 21.12 c 0.040 b 1.49 b 0.277 a

NP (25-60) + K (30) 21.26 bc 0.042 b 1.65 ab 0.297 ab

NP (25-60) + K (45) 21.99 abc 0.043 b 1.68 ab 0.303 ab

NP (25-60) + K (60) 2295 abc 0.047 ab 1.74 ab 0.309 a

NP (25-60) + K (75) 23.57 a 0.053 a 1.84 a 0.318 a

CV (%) 4.19 8.91 8.18 4.82

LSD 1.750 0.007 0.258 0.027

Conclusion

Potassium application @ 75 kg ha-1 along with standard dose of N 25 kg ha-1

and P 60 kg ha-1 gave higher ash (1.83 %), crude fat (4.28 %) crude protein (23.57 %),

potassium (1.84 %) phosphorus (0.318 %) and calcium (0.053 %). However Potassium

application @60 kg ha-1 produced maximum grain yield (1.48 ton ha-1)

26

TITLE-17 IMPACT OF SALINE WATER ON NUTRITIONAL QUALITY

AND YIELD OF SORGHUM FODDER

OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of saline water application on nutritional

quality and yield of sorghum fodder.

RESEARCH

WORKERS


DURATION 2013-2016

LOCATION Biochemistry Section AARI, Faisalabad in collaboration with Soil

Salinity Research Institute Pindi Bhattian.

TREATMENTS

Treatments Water quality

T1 Canal Water

T2 ECiw 4.0 dSm-1

T3 ECiw 6.0 dSm-1

T4 ECiw 8.0 dSm-1

T5 ECiw 10.0 dSm-1

METHODOLOGY Medium texture normal soil will be selected, brought in bulk and filled

in cemented lysimeter (6 x 4 x 3 ft) at Soil Salinity Research Institute

Pindi Bhattian. Irrigation water salinity will be developed with

quadratic equation using NaCl, Na2SO4, CaCl2 and MgSO4 keeping

SAR within safe limit ≤15. Crop will be sown by following CRD with

three replications. Data regarding Fresh fodder yield will be recorded

at the time of harvesting. Samples will be collected from each

replication, dried, ground and analyzed for dry matter, crude protein,

crude fiber, crude fat, ash, Phosphorous, calcium and NFE.

PREVIOUS

YEAR,S

RESULTS

Page-27

27

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SORGHUM FODDER

Treatments Fresh fodder

yield

(t ha-1)

Dry

matter

(%)

Ash

(%)

Crude fat

(%)

Crude

Protein

(%)

Canal Water 58.61 a 16.02 c 8.59 b 3.07 a 9.92 a

ECiw 4.0 dSm-1 58.40 a 17.71 bc 9.27 b 3.05 a 9.86 a

ECiw 6.0 dSm-1

56.50 a 18.39 abc 8.43 b 2.93 b 8.46 b

ECiw 8.0 dSm-1

54.07 b 20.42 ab 8.88 b 2.36 b 8.37 b

ECiw 10.0 dSm-1

49.20 c 21.77 a 11.45 a 2.29 b 8.14 b

CV (%) 5.02 10.24 8.82 8.40 5.87

LSD 2.117 3.638 1.547 0.433 0.988

Treatments Phosphorus

(%)

Calcium

(%)

Crude fiber

(%)

NFE

(%)

Canal Water 0.154 a 0.089 a 28.34 50.09

ECiw 4.0 dSm-1 0.146 a 0.085 a 28.71 49.11

ECiw 6.0 dSm-1

0.118 b 0.081 ab 27.58 52.60

ECiw 8.0 dSm-1

0.116 b 0.081 ab 29.72 50.67

ECiw 10.0 dSm-1

0.110 b 0.076 b 28.71 49.41

CV (%) 8.86 5.31

NS

NS LSD 0.021 0.007

Conclusion

Canal water produced maximum fresh fodder yield (58.61 t ha-1), crude fat

(3.07 %) crude protein (9.92 %), phosphorus (0.154 %) and calcium (0.089 %) while

maximum dry matter (21.77 %) and ash (11.45 %) was found in T5 where ECiw 10.0 dSm-1

water was applied.

28

TITLE-18 STANDARDIZATION OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION

METHOD IN CASTOR BEAN ON SMALL/LABORATORY

SCALE

OBJECTIVES

Biodiesel refers to vegetable oil or animal fat-based diesel fuel

consisting of long-chain alkyl (methyl, ethyl, or propyl) esters.

Biodiesel is typically made by chemically reacting lipids (e.g.,

vegetable oil, animal fat) with an alcohol producing fatty acid esters.

Biodiesel helps reduction in emissions of sulfur dioxide, soot

emissions, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons. It is important to note

that vegetables oils are usually composed of several fatty acids, thus

the properties of oil will be a mixture of the properties of the fatty

acids it contains and the biodiesel made from the oil will also exhibit a

mixture of these properties. So, production of biodiesel and its

standardization is an imperative step as an environment friendly

technique.

RESEARCH

WORKERS


DURATION 2013-15


TREATMENTS T1= Oil:Methanol= 1:6 (1.6% KOH)

T2= Oil: Methanol= 1:9 (1.6% KOH)

T3= Oil:Methanol= 1:6 (1.6% NaOH)

METHODOLOGY Amount of free fatty acids will be determined in oil. Different reagents

like methanol, Sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide and vegetable oils will

be utilized in different ratios at different temperatures. Castor oil will

be used for the production of bio diesel. After standardization of bio

diesel production method, Biodiesel will be analyzed for Free fatty

acids, Percent recovery of Bio diesel, density, pH, viscosity, moisture,

Boiling point, Flashpoint and Economics of bio diesel Production.

Technique will be developed to produce bio diesel on small scale using

CRD with three replications.

PREVIOUS

YEAR,S

RESULTS

Analysis in progress

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_fuel

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkyl

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methyl

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethyl_group

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propyl

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipids

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetable_oil

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatty_acid_ester

29

TITLE-19 STANDARDIZATION OF BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION

TECHNIQUE AT SMALL SCALE

OBJECTIVES

A biofuel is a fuel that uses energy from a carbon fixation. These fuels

are produced from living organisms. Examples of this carbon fixation

are plants and micro algae. These fuels are made from a biomass

conversion. Biomass refers to living organisms, plants or plant-derived

materials. This biomass can be converted to energy in three different

ways: thermal conversion, chemical conversion, and biochemical

conversion. This biomass conversion’s can be in solid, liquid, or gas

form.

Bioethanol is a form of biochemical conversion that can be produced

from agricultural feedstocks. It can be made from very common crops

such as sugar cane, potato, and corn.

RESEARCH

WORKERS


DURATION 2013-15


TREATMENTS The following processes of bioethanol production will be standardized

at lab scale;

i) Fermentation (Plastic bucket, Pitcher, Earthen pot)

ii) Distillation (Soxhlet, Copper wire, self made)

iii) Dehydration (Azeotropic & extractive distillation)

METHODOLOGY A technique will be developed to produce bio ethanol on lab scale

(small scale) using local lab equipments and inputs following CRD

with three replications. Different techniques of fermentation,

distillation and dehydration will be standardized at small / lab scale.

Initially technique will be standardized for Sugarcane (Gur) and then

for corn, sweet potato and starchy material of plants. Percent recovery

of bio ethanol will be recorded. Bio ethanol will be analyzed for

density, viscosity, boiling point, pH, purity, and absorbance.

Economics of produce will also be calculated.

PREVIOUS

YEAR,S

RESULTS

Fermentation is in progress.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_fixation

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Living_organisms

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_fixation

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plants

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microalgae

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomass


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plants



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feedstock

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crops

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar_cane

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potato

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corn

30

TITLE-20 TEMPORAL CHANGES IN AFLATOXIN CONTENT OF

CEREAL GRAINS AFFECTED BY STORAGE LENGTH

OBJECTIVES

Aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1 and G2) are a group of naturally occurring

compounds called mycotoxin, produced by certain moulds

growing on some food crops during production and storage.

Alfatoxin are produced by aspergillus flavus. They occur mainly

in ground nuts (peanuts) edible nuts, dried, figs, species and maize

product. This study is planned to find out the aflatoxin in rice and

corn at different storage interval.

RESEARCH

WORKERS

Maryam Sarfraz, Muhammad Zaighum Mushtaq, Nisar Ahmad

and Umar Farooq

DURATION Continuous


TREATMENTS T1 Control (At the first day of storage)

T2 After 90 days of storage




METHODOLOGY 10 kg corn and rice samples were collected and stored during the

months of November and December, 2012 at room temperature for

aflatoxin contents analysis. Samples were drawn after every ninety

days interval and analyzed for aflatoxin (B1, B2, G1 and G2).

Samples will be drawn from the same storage bulk and will be

analyzed for aflatoxin after every ninety days. Temperature and

humidity will be recorded at first week of every month.

Experiment will be continued till the contamination is found.

PREVIOUS

YEAR,S

RESULTS

Page- 31

31

AFLATOXIN CONTENT IN CEREAL GRAINS

Conclusion:

No aflatoxin content was found in rice / corn even after 720 days of storage.

Treatments Rice Corn

G1 G2 B1 B2 G1 G2 B1 B2

T3 (July)

(After 180

days storage)

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

T4

(November)

(After 270

days storage)

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

T5 (March)

(After 360

days storage

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

T6 (June)

(After 450

days storage

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

T7

(September)

(After 540

days storage

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

T8 (January)

(After 630

days storage

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

T9 (April)

(After 720

days storage

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

32

TITLE-21 NUTRITIONAL QUALITY EVALUATION OF

ORGANICALLY AND INORGANICALLY GROWN OKRA

OBJECTIVES

Organic farming is a production system which avoids or largely

excludes the use of synthetic and inorganic fertilizers, pesticides

and growth regulators. So this study is planned to give comparative

nutritional quality evaluation of organically and inorganically

grown crops.

RESEARCH

WORKERS


DURATION 2012-15


TREATMENTS T1. Inorganic (Okra grown using inorganic fertilizer @ 85-75-60

kg ha-1 NPK)

T2. Organic (Okra grown using Press mud on N-equivalent basis)

METHODOLOGY Crop will be sown at farm area of Biochemistry section using T test

with 9 replications. Chemical analysis of press mud will be carried

out for NPK. Press mud will be applied two months prior to sowing

while half dose of N and full dose of P & K will be applied at the

time of sowing. Remaining half dose of N will be applied at

flowering stage. Inorganic okra will be treated using different

synthetic chemicals e.g. fertilizer, pesticide etc. while no chemical

will be applied on organic okra. Samples will be collected, dried,

ground and analyzed for dry matter, crude fat, crude protein, crude

fiber, ash, Ca, P and K.

PREVIOUS

YEAR,S

RESULTS

Page-33

33

NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF OKRA

Conclusion:

Inorganic okra gave higher yield (13.15 %) and crude fat (0.374 %) while organic

okra gave higher dry matter (13.73%), ash (0.968%), crude protein (2.407%), K (2.09%), P

(1.548%) and Ca (0.693%).

Treatments Yield

(t/ha)

Dry

Matter

(%)

Crude

Fat

(%)

Ash

(%)

Crude

Protein

(%)

K (%) P (%) Ca (%)

Inorganic 13.15 11.95 0.374 0.964 2.136 1.71 1.445 0.558

Organic 7.61 13.73 0.295 0.968 2.407 2.09 1.548 0.693

α-value 0.0007 0.0006 0.0005 0.882 0.0256 0.143 0.0978 0.0149

34

TITLE-22 EFFECT OF FARM YARD MANURE ALONE AND IN

COMBINATION WITH NP FERTILIZER ON QUALITY OF

MAIZE FODDER

OBJECTIVES To find out the better combination of NP fertilizer and Farm yard

manure to get good quality biomass of maize fodder.

RESEARCH

WORKERS


DURATION 2013-16

LOCATION Biochemistry Section AARI, Faisalabad in collaboration with Fodder

Research Institute Sargodha.

TREATMENTS

Treatments FYM / Fertilizer

T1 Control

T2 NP 120-90 kg ha-1

T3 5 t ha-1 FYM

T4 10 t ha-1 FYM

T5 15 t ha-1 FYM

T6 1/2 NP + 5 t ha-1 FYM

T7 1/2 NP + 10 t ha-1 FYM

T8 1/2 NP + 15 t ha-1 FYM

METHODOLOGY Maize fodder will be sown at farm area of Fodder Research Institute

Sargodha during the month of July following RCBD with three

replications. Treatments will be applied at the time of sowing. Trial

will be harvested at 50% heading stage. Fresh fodder yield will be

recorded and samples from each plot will be collected, dried, ground

and analyzed for dry matter ,crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, ash,

Phosphorous, calcium and NFE

PREVIOUS

YEAR,S

RESULTS

Analysis is in progress.

35

ADVISORY SERVICE 2014-15

S.

No.

Source Name of

sample

No. of

samples

Analysis Detail

1 Guar Botanist RRI Bahawalpur Guar seed 30 Gum, Germ+ meal

husk, crude protein

2 Director Wheat Research Institute

Faisalabad

Wheat 30 Nitrogen

3 Director Horticultural Research

Institute Faisalabad

dates 05 TSS, pH

4 Director Post Harvest Research

Center Faisalabad

dates 04 Reducing ,Non

reducing & Total

sugars

5 Plant Physiologist ARI,Faisalabad

Tulsi 06 Crude fat

6 Director Post Harvest Research

Center Faisalabad

Maize 06 Crude protein,

moisture, crude fat.

7 Director Fodder Research

Institute Sargodha

Fodders 04 Dry matter, ash, crude

fat, crude protein

8 Director Rice Research Institute

Kala shah Kaku

Rice 08 crude protein, crude

fat.ash

9 Director Fodder Research

Institute Sargodha

Fodders 07 Crude fat, Crude

protein, ash

10 Director MMRI, Yousafwala Sorghum 02 Crude fat, moisture,

Ash, crude protein

11 Director Pulses Research Institute,

Faisalabad

Chickpea 20 Ash, crude fat, crude

protein, crude fiber

12 Director Pulses Research Institute,

Faisalabad

Mung bean 18 Crude fiber, crude

protein

13 Food Technologist PHRC,

Faisalabad

Methi 11 Crude protein

14 Food Technologist, PHRC,

Faisalabad

Cookies 12 Crude protein

Total 163

PUBLICATION: = 1

Effect of potassium and its time of application on the yield and quality of tomato.

Published in 2015. IJSRP , 9 (5).

36

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SORGHUM FODDER

Treatments Fresh fodder

yield

(t ha-1)

Dry

matter

(%)

Ash

(%)

Crude fat

(%)

Crude

Protein

(%)

Canal Water 62.59 22.10 8.36 4.77 9.95

ECiw 4.0 dSm-1 52.99 23.31 8.51 4.65 9.71

ECiw 6.0 dSm-1

50.69 24.52 8.52 4.49 8.72

ECiw 8.0 dSm-1

52.22 25.15 7.50 4.17 8.43

ECiw 10.0 dSm-1

44.54 27.81 7.77 4.09 8.38

CV (%)

LSD

Treatments Phosphorus

(%)

Calcium

(%)

Crude fiber

(%)

NFE

(%)

Canal Water 0.169 0.096 30.07 46.85

ECiw 4.0 dSm-1 0.159 0.084 29.14 47.98

ECiw 6.0 dSm-1

0.156 0.089 29.28 48.98

ECiw 8.0 dSm-1

0.154 0.086 28.93 50.98

ECiw 10.0 dSm-1

0.146 0.085 27.26 52.49

CV (%)

LSD

Conclusion

Canal water produced maximum fresh fodder yield (58.61 t ha-1), crude fat

(3.07 %) crude protein (9.92 %), phosphorus (0.154 %) and calcium (0.089 %) while

maximum dry matter (21.77 %) and ash (11.45 %) was found in T5 where ECiw 10.0 dSm-1

water was applied.

ANNUAL PROGRAMME OF RESAERCH WORK FOR THE YEAR 2015 … Chemistry Section Annual... · DURATION...

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