Blueberry IPM in Florida Oscar E. Liburd, PhD Associate Professor
Announcements - UF Entomology & Nematology...
Transcript of Announcements - UF Entomology & Nematology...
Announcements
We have covered:
Pest & beneficial ID – know sight ID, damaging stage, direct or indirect injury, hosts
Sampling techniques – know active/attractive vs. passive, types of traps & pests they trap
EIL calculation – know how to calculate
Cultural control – know examples, how they work
Basic stats – know the significance of the P-value, null & alternative hypotheses, and types of analysis
Experimental designs – be able to design an experiment given experimental info
Alternatives to Pesticides – know examples and what insects they target
****KNOW THESE TOPICS FOR YOUR EXAM****
Important Dates
Final Homework from today due Tues. July 26
OPEN LAB: Tues. July 26 during regular lab period
Group Presentation: Thurs. July 28
10-15 min + 5 min for questions
Lab Practical: Tues. Aug 2, start 9:30 am (1.5 h)
Final Exam: Thurs. Aug 4
PESTICIDE LABELS & SPRAYER
CALIBRATION
PMA 4570/6228
Lab 8
July 21 2016
Pesticide Labels
Signal word Directions
a.i.
Hazards
and Safety
“Pesticides are toxic substances that are intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or
mitigating pests (such as insects, plant diseases, rodents and weeds), or any other substance
used as a plant growth regulators, defoliants, or desiccants”
General information
on pesticide labels
This information is required
on all pesticide labels
Review pages 252-253 in
your book
Label information will be
numbered according to this
figure in the following slides
Signal Word (#8)
KEEP OUT OF REACH
OF CHILDREN
CAUTION
Signal Word
Toxicity
Category Acute Oral Acute Dermal
Acute
Inhalation Primary eye irritation Primary skin irritation
Contains
≥ 4 %
methanol
DANGER I ≤ 50
mg/kg* ≤ 200 mg/kg* ≤ 0.05 mg/L*
Corrosive (irreversible
destruction of ocular tissue) or
corneal involvement or irritation
persisting for more than 21 days
Corrosive (tissue
destruction into the
dermis and/or scarring)
yes
WARNING II > 50 - 500
mg/kg
> 200 - 2000
mg/kg
> 0.05 - 0.5
mg/L
Corneal involvement or other
eye irritation clearing in 8 - 21
days
Severe irritation at 72
hours (severe erythema
or edema)
no
CAUTION III
> 500 -
5000
mg/kg
> 2000 - 5000
mg/kg > 0.5 - 2 mg/L
Corneal involvement or other
eye irritation clearing in 7 days
or less
Moderate irritation at 72
hours (moderate
erythema)
no
none
required** IV
> 5000
mg/kg > 5000 mg/kg > 2 mg/L
Minimal effects clearing in < 24
hours
Mild or slight irritation at
72 hours (no irritation or
slight erythema)
no
*The word POISON and the skull-and-crossbones symbol must appear near the word DANGER
**Manufactures may use CAUTION signal word and category III labeling if desired
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
ehs.uky.edu/classes/ hazcomm/hazcomtrain.html
PPE is listed under the
‘Precautionary
Statements’ section of
the label (#9)
Can also be called
‘Warning’ or ‘Caution
Statements’
REI and PHI
“It is a violation of Federal Law to use this
product in a manner inconsistent with its
labeling”
Restricted Entry Interval (REI) – Period of time after pesticide is
applied when no one can enter the sprayed area without proper
PPE.
• Found in the ‘Directions for Use’ section (#11)
Pre-harvest Interval (PHI) – The pesticide cannot be sprayed
within this amount of time before harvest
• Usually found with the crops/pests information
Formulations
Formulation
Wettable Powders (50WP)
Emulsifiable Concentrates (2EC)
Granules (15G)
Solutions (2S)
Dusts (D)
Flowables (2F)
If dry the number indicates % a.i.
If liquid the number indicates pounds a.i. per gallon
Usually found as a suffix in the
brand name (#2)
Examples
Vendex® 50WP
Cruiser Maxx™
Acramite® 50 WS
Assail® 70WP
http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/label/
If you need more information about labels you can go to EPA website: http://www.epa.gov/pesticides.
If you are looking for the labels or the MSDS for the products go to:
http://www.cdms.net/manuf/manuf.asp or go to the manufacturers web site.
Formulation – consists of the active ingredient (a.i) and inert, inactive
ingredients. Table 5-15, pg. 129
Adjuvants
Materials added to a pesticide formulation to
enhance its performance, customize the site-specific
needs, or compensate for local conditions
Examples:
Humectants
Stickers
Drift control agents
Acidifiers/buffers
Chapter 5, pages 141-142
SPRAYER CALIBRATION
Main components of a sprayer
Tank
Nozzle/boom
Pump
Strainer
Agitator
Pressure regulator
Pressure gauge
Hose
Credits: Tifton UGA.edu.
Types of Sprayers
Air blast
or Air
assist UKAg Extension
www.pestcontrolsupplies.com/
Tempo.htm
www.northerntool.com/webapp/wcs/stores/ser
vlet/product_6970_200312599_200312599
High boy
Aerial sprayer
Nozzles
Many types for different uses and crops
flat-fan, even-flat, solid cone, adjustable, flood
Angle of a nozzle and the height at which it is held from the
ground/plant determines spray width and pattern (effective
swath width (ESW))
Use different sprayers/nozzles for insecticides and herbicides
effective swath width
Sprayer calibration
Calibration tells you:
How much is spraying from the nozzles (flow rate)
How fast your equipment is going (speed)
Many grower sprayers are calibrated at 50-100 gallons/acre
Calibrated periodically to ensure equipment is operating properly
Effective pest control depends on proper application of the pesticide so applying the right amount is important
too much (toxicity to crops, non-target, beneficial insects)
too little – not sufficient control is achieved
cost – time and money
Factors affecting spray output
Pressure
Speed – person
walking, tractor
Nozzle size - rate of
discharge
**Sprayer calibration is done using only water
Steps to Applying a Pesticide
1. Calibrating Your Equipment
2. Calculating Pesticide Amount
3. Calculating Water Volume
Step 1: Calibrating Your Equipment
1. Mark off the area to be used in calibration
2. Record the time taken to spray the calibration area – only when spraying
(using only water). Calculate distance traveled per unit time (speed)
3. Collect in a graduated container and measure the output from the sprayer
per unit time (flow rate)
finish Start
Your calibration area does not have to be
the same area that you plan to spray. It
just needs to be a known area
Example: Calibrating Your Equipment
1. Mark your calibration area = 1000 sqft
2. Time to spray the area = 50 s to cover 1000 sqft
• Distance traveled = 200 ft
• Speed = 200 ft/50 s = 4 ft/s
3. How much water came out = 0.75 gal
• Flow rate = 0.75 gal/50 s = 0.015 gal/s
Application rate = 0.75 gallons per 1000 sqft
OR
(43,560 sqft/acre x 0.75 gal/1000 sqft) gallons/acre
= 32.67 gallons/acre
5 ft (spray width)
100 ft
Step 2: Calculating Pesticide Amount
1. Determine your area to be sprayed
2. Determine the recommended application rate
• Found on the pesticide label
3. Determine the amount of pesticide needed for
your application area
Example: Calculating Pesticide Amount
1. Determine your area
100 ft x (5 ft x 4) = 2000 sqft
2000 sqrt / 43,560 sqft = 0.046 acres
(treatment area in acres)
2. Pesticide: Malathion 5EC
Rate for potato leafhopper on beans:
2 pints/acre (application rate)
3. How much pesticide for your area?
2 pints/acre x 0.046 acres = 0.092 pints of Malathion 5EC
473 ml/pint x 0.092 pints = 43.4 ml of Malathion 5EC for 2000 sqft (pesticide amount)
5 ft
100 ft
1 acre = 43,560 ft2
5 ft 5 ft 5 ft
Step 3: Calculating Your Water Volume
1. Determine the distance you have to travel to cover
your spray area
Based on your spray width
2. Determine the time to cover your spray area
3. Calculate your water volume
Example: Calculating Your Water Volume
1. Determine travel distance
100 ft x 4 = 400 ft
2. Speed = 4 ft/s (from calibration)
400 ft / (4 ft/s) = 100 s (travel time)
3. Flow Rate (sprayer output) = 0.015 gallon/s (from calibration)
0.015 gal/s x 100 s = 1.5 gal
1.5 gal x 3.785 L/gal = 5.7 L (water volume)
5 ft
100 ft
1 gallon = 3.785 L
Pesticide Calculation Results
To treat 2000 ft2 with Malathion 5EC you need:
If your tank holds 2 L, you would need to fill 3.2 times
to cover your area
43.4 ml Malathion 5EC
in
5.7 L water
How much active ingredient (a.i.) are you
applying??
1. Determine the a.i. in your pesticide
Malation 5EC means 5 pounds a.i./gallon
5 lb/gal x 453.59 g/lb x 1/3785 gal/mL = 0.60 g ai/mL (metric)
2. How much a.i are you applying?
Pesticide applied: 43.4 ml (from step 2)
43.4 mL x 0.60 g ai/mL = 26.0 g a.i.
EC (emulsifiable
concentrate) is a
liquid
What if your pesticide has a solid
formulation? How do you calculate a.i.?
1. Determine the a.i. in your pesticide
Grandevo is a powder
a.i. is 30% of the formula
2. How much a.i are you applying?
Pesticide applied (example): 62.6 g
62.6 g x 0.30 ai = 18.8 g a.i.
Use the percent a.i. from
the label to calculate the
a.i. you are applying
Sprayer calibration
Properly calibrated equipment is required for effective use of pesticides
Factors that affect effectiveness of pesticide application
Temperature
Rain
Soil type
Type of equipment
Application rate
Thoroughly rinse the spray tank after use
Past, present…….future???
Then Now
Wisconsin Historical
Images
DDT application
on Elm tree
Future ..…..robots
http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/Feb09/robotic.sprayer.jo.html
Robotics tractors and sprayers – autonomous vehicles
Useful Unit Conversions
1 gallon = 128 fl oz (fluid ounces)
1gallon = 3785.3 ml
1 fluid ounce = 29.6 ml
1 pint = 473 ml
1 pound = 453.6 grams (0.4536 kg)
1 ounce (dry) = 28.35 grams
1 acre = 43,560 ft2
1 acre = 0.4 hectares
FINAL Homework
Insecticide Labels and Calibration handout
Worth 11 points
DUE Tues, July 26 at beginning of class