PRIMARY SOURCES

"An Adamless Eden." Lost in Womyn's Space. July 11, 2011. Accessed March 2, 2015.

This newspaper cartoon details the public’s view on Mary Walker’s idea to start a women’s colony on her own farm. She wished for it to be a place to train young women on homemaking and farm life. This colony for women only proves Walker’s radical feminist beliefs and adds as an example of her outspoken personality.

Cooke, Sarah. "Letter to Mary Walker from Sarah Cooke." A Female Civil War Surgeon: How Dr. Mary Is Remarkable. Doctor or Doctress?: Explore American History through the Eyes of Women Physicians. October 19, 1866. Accessed February 25, 2015.

Sarah Cooke, the author of this letter, is writing to Dr. Walker to convey her support for the dress reform movement. Dr. Walker is not only famous for being the only female surgeon during the American Civil War, she was also an outspoken advocate for women’s dress reform. Letters such as this one lets the reader know how other individuals reacted to Walker and her efforts.

Dornbush, George. "Letter to Mary Walker from George Dornbusch." A Female Civil War Surgeon: How Dr. Mary Is Remarkable. Doctor or Doctress?: Explore American History through the Eyes of Women Physicians. December 8, 1866. Accessed February 11, 2014.

Through this letter of correspondence to Dr. Walker from George Dornbusch, one understands the opinions of her supporters. Dornbusch approves of her work regarding women's dress reform. She was not only a leader as the only female surgeon in the American Civil war, but also in women’s rights. This letter helps the reader consider the viewpoints of the general public.

"Dr. Mary Edwards Walker, Full-length Portrait, Standing, Facing Left." Library of Congress. Accessed March 9, 2015.

Mary Walker is standing and wearing her “Bloomers.” Wearing this attire is an early example of her as an iconoclast. She led the way for women to dress freely and comfortably, not restrained by a traditional dress. The photograph clarifies Walker’s dress reform work and shows her beliefs through her clothing.

"Dr. Mary Walker in Durham." A Female Civil War Surgeon: How Dr. Mary Is Remarkable. Doctor or Doctress?: Explore American History through the Eyes of Women Physicians. March 29, 1867. Accessed February 9, 2014.

An analysis of a lecture by Mary E. Walker, her capture and her imprisonment by the Confederate Army during the Civil War are provided in this newspaper article. One was able to interpret how a journalist viewed her words and actions. This woman’s public

identity and outspoken nature instigated strong reactions in all she met. Evidence of Walker's unique style and fearless personality adds to her legacy.

"Dr. Walker." Welcome to the Town of Oswego Website. Accessed March 11, 2015.

Mary Edwards Walker was born and died in Oswego, New York. The Oswego Town Hall placed a statue outside of their building commemorating Mary Edwards Walker and her accomplishments in life. This source would help a person understand the importance of Mary Edwards Walker and her impact on the citizens of not only Oswego, but America.

"How Dr. Mary Is Remarkable." A Female Civil War Surgeon: How Dr. Mary Is Remarkable. Doctor or Doctress?: Explore American History through the Eyes of Women Physicians. September 23, 1889. Accessed February 10, 2014.

This newspaper article describes Dr. Mary Walker's actions and career during the Civil War. The author has and dismissive and impatient attitude towards her ideas and character. Although many admired her work, several became hesitant to support her reform because of her outspoken personality. By examining this article, one will consider the perspective of her opposers.

"Invitation to Mary Walker's Farewell Lecture." A Female Civil War Surgeon: How Dr. Mary Is Remarkable. Doctor or Doctress?: Explore American History through the Eyes of Women Physicians. January 1, 1869. Accessed February 12, 2014.

Being an advocate for dress reform and women's rights, Dr. Walker often lectured. This flyer explains what Walker believed about the issue of dress reform and her reasons for the change. Since it is her last lecture in London, England she is conveying her final opinions on a female's freedom to dress. Her outspoken, firm perspective supports her leadership and adds to her legacy.

"Mary E. Walker, Female Medal of Honor Awardee, Full Text Citation." About North Georgia. November 11, 1865. Accessed February 10, 2014.

Along with the Medal of Honor, Dr. Mary Edwards Walker received a citation which describes the reasons for the award. It states how she loyally served as a contract surgeon, sacrificed her own health to care for the wounded and persisted through suffering while a Prisoner of War. This offers the reader with a description of her meritorious services at war and of the government’s positive stance on her deeds. A major component of Walker’s legacy includes the Congressional Medal of Honor.

"Mary E. Walker, M.D." Drexel University, College of Medicine, Archives & Special Collections. ca. January 1, 1871. Accessed February 25, 2015.

Drexel University’s collection provided a photograph of Mary Walker from around 1871. It showcases Mary Walker during a youthful period of her life and gives one a perspective on her appearance. This fearless leader’s signature and year of photo is written on the bottom margin of the photograph.

"Mary Edwards Walker, Part I." The Legacy Center. January 18, 2013. Accessed March 3, 2015.

This source contains several primary sources in which consist of mainly photographs of Mary Edwards Walker. The website consists mainly of her early life achievements along with a few major events towards her later years. Also included is how Walker’s everyday life was different from the average woman’s life during the Civil War era.

"Mary Edwards Walker." Civil War Doctor. Accessed March 2, 2015.

This website includes a large amount of information on the lifespan of Mary Edwards Walker. Many major events in Walker’s life are included such as being a surgeon and receiving the Medal of Honor. Along with the plentiful amount of information, there are also many pictures that support the information portrayed in Mary E. Walker’s life.

"Mary Walker Part II." The Legacy Center. March 4, 2013. Accessed March 2, 2015.

This website consists of the later years of Mary Edwards Walker’s life, including her death and some of her major accomplishments in her earlier life. Additionally, this source discusses several ways that Mary was different from any woman during the time of the Civil war. This website also includes how Mary left her mark in the world along with photographs that correlate with the information in the article.

"Mary Walker." Drexel University, College of Medicine, Archives & Special Collections. ca. January 1, 1910. Accessed March 9, 2015.

In 1910, Mary Walker was nearing the end of her memorable life on February 21, 1919. Mary is pictured as an older woman, with her hair cut short, wearing a blazer, eyeglasses and with her Medal of Honor on her chest. Her appearance in this image was an example of how other sources noted her drastic change to wearing full “men’s clothing.”

"Mary Walker." Drexel University, College of Medicine, Archives & Special Collections. ca. January 1, 1915. Accessed March 8, 2015.

Having been taken in the year 1915, Mary Walker expresses herself in a solemn position and with age. This was the second source used to prove that she wore complete men’s attire in her later life. The picture was also taken in Washington, which proves her involvement in social affairs. Her leadership, even towards the end of her life, was evident within the nation’s capital.

"Mary Walker's Medical Degree." A Female Civil War Surgeon: How Dr. Mary Is Remarkable. Doctor or Doctress?: Explore American History through the Eyes of Women Physicians. circa 1931. Accessed March 1, 2015.

Mary Edwards Walker graduated from Syracuse Medical College as the only woman in her class. Her degree shows Mary Walker’s leadership during the Civil War era, being a female doctor which used to be very uncommon. This is proof that she completed a feat that several men could not do, let alone women and shows her medical qualifications.

Mosley, Eli. "Eli Mosley to Mary Walker." Drexel University, College of Medicine, Archives & Special Collections. January 1, 1867. Accessed October 20, 2014.

This letter proves Mary Edwards Walker's leadership and how she was a strong advocate for women physicians. She worked to improve the treatment of women patients by male doctors. Although many others were not supportive of her work in women’s rights, this leader continued with her campaigning for women to get better chances in a field predominantly occupied by men.

O’Neall. "Congressional Record. 50th Congress, 1st Session. House of Representatives, Report No. 640, Mary Walker, MD." Drexel University, College of Medicine, Archives & Special Collections. February 21, 1888. Accessed October 11, 2014. Congress issued this report which states the history of Walker’s war efforts. It provided information from her time serving in hospitals during the war, to her imprisonment by the Confederate Army, until her activism after the war. Congress’s appreciation of her service is evident and foreshadows her future significance. Dr. Mary E. Walker’s most distinguished achievement, receiving the Medal of Honor, was given in honor of her work and sacrifices during the Civil War.

"On the Home Front: Civil War Fashions and Domestic Life." Exhibit. Accessed February 24, 2015.

Typical attire for a female was very restricting and Walker noted it was hazardous to a woman’s health. This example from Kent University shows the average daily dress of a female during the Civil War era. Walker led the fight to liberate women through the clothes they donned.

Sprigs, Rosa. "Letter to Dr. Mary Walker from Rosa Sprig." A Female Civil War Surgeon: How Dr. Mary Is Remarkable. Doctor or Doctress?: Explore American History through the Eyes of Women Physicians. February 12, 1870. Accessed February 12, 2014.

Rosa Sprig, a British admirer, is writing to Mary Walker to advise that she should alter her appearance and nature. The reason for Sprigs advising Walker is that since she dressed in a masculine manner, people did not take her seriously. Sprig was also

informing Mary of how her unacceptable actions have tarnished her own reputation back in England. This contributes to the public stance on Dr. Mary Edwards Walker’s ideas and motives.

"The Service of Medal of Honor Recipient Dr. Mary Edwards Walker, 1864." The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History. September 23, 1864. Accessed February 7, 2015.

This primary source is a letter written by Mary Edwards Walker to Colonel Hardie after she had come back from the war in 1964. This letter is showing how Mary Edwards Walker is requesting a rank in the army of major. Walker implores Inspector General James Hardie to discuss her rank with Lincoln. Her recognition and work as a Civil War Surgeon develops her legacy.

"The Sibyl, Vol 1 No. 17, 1857-03-01 :: Historical Society of Warwick." Hudson River Valley Heritage. March 1, 1857. Accessed March 12, 2015.

A periodical that Mary Edwards Walker contributed to with her dress reform ideas is The Sibyl. Mary Walker was so outspoken about her beliefs, that she took to writing about the need for change. Her early work writing for dress reform foreshadows her lecturing and writings after the war.

SECONDARY SOURCES

A Female Civil War Surgeon: "How Dr. Mary Is Remarkable" United States of America: Drexel Med Archives, 2014. Film.

Using a clip of this youtube video added to the website’s overall message. The video clip from Drexel University accurately described the life and accomplishments of Mary Edwards Walker. It showed the contrast between how there used to be very few female doctors, but because of pioneers like Walker, more are currently given the chance.

"Castle Thunder, Richmond." Castle Thunder, Richmond. August 19, 2012. Accessed March 2, 2015.

This website gives information on where Mary Edwards Walker was held prisoner of war. This source also provides several photographs of Castle Thunder, the area where Walker was being held as a prisoner of war. Also, this source quotes a letter that Walker wrote in the time she was being held in Castle Thunder.

"Castle Thunder: 1865." Shorpy.com. October 16, 2008. Accessed February 28, 2015.

The source mentions what type of conditions Castle Thunder had. The description of the design of Castle Thunder is also included. Along follows a picture of where Walker was held prisoner of war with a caption including what is seen in the picture.

"Changing the Face of Medicine Dr. Mary Edwards Walker." U.S National Library of Medicine. Accessed March 11, 2015.

Through this secondary source, a photograph and a quote were used in particular. Also, this website sponsored by the U.S. National Library of Medicine gave a lot of information on her life ranging from basic facts to her lifelong work. The website gave details from her leadership during the Civil War and of the importance of receiving the Medal of Honor.

Dowdey, Sarah, and Deblina Chakraborty. “Civil War Medicine: Mary Edwards Walker.” Stuff You Missed in History Class, HowStuffWorks, http://www.missedinhistory.com/podcasts/civil-war-medicine-mary-edwards-walker/

The website on Dr. Walker utilized many audio and video elements. This podcast was vital because it gave modern-day insight on Walker’s work from her childhood to legacy and was organized in its manner. By using the most beneficial portion, the section on her time as a Prisoner of War, the website’s Prisoner of War page had the clip of audio.

"Drexel University, College of Medicine, Archives & Special Collections." Drexel University, College of Medicine, Archives & Special Collections. Accessed February 27, 2015.

This website consists of a plethora of primary sources which include newspapers, letters to and from Walker, and photographs of Mary Edwards Walker throughout her lifetime. These sources give a viewpoint on how Walker felt through the letters that she sent. Also, the website provides newpaper articles of Walker, which helps let the researcher know how Mary was affecting people during the time of the Civil War era.

Feliz, Elyce. "Search Results for Mary Walker." The Civil War for the United States. November 21, 2013. Accessed March 11, 2015.

Numerous valuable primary sources such as photographs, newspaper articles, quotes and historical document excerpts were found in this website. Checking the information collected with other sources proved its reliability. The plethora of primary sources within this secondary source gave evidence of her leadership and proved why she is still remembered today.

Goldsmith, Bonnie Zucker. Dr. Mary Edwards Walker Civil War Surgeon and Medal of Honor Recipient. North Lankato, Minnesota: ABDO Publishing, 2010.

Goldsmith’s informational publication supports the conclusion through biographical information and for historical images. Through this book, her life story was described and new facts on Walker’s achievements were discovered. Her background was a stepping stone for her leadership of the future.

Joinson, Carla. Civil War Doctor: The Story of Mary Walker. Greensboro, N.C.: Morgan Reynolds Pub., 2007.

This biography provides numerous facts on the history of Dr. Mary Edwards Walker and it was helpful to confirm the validity of specific pieces of information. The author’s writing is well organized and offers background knowledge on the social customs of the nineteenth century. The book also analyzed in detail her accomplishments which were indispensable for her historical significance.

"Mary Edwards Walker - Brave Surgeon of the Civil War." Mary Edwards Walker - Brave Surgeon of the Civil War. Accessed March 1, 2015.

This source provides a thoroughly detailed explanation of Mary Edwards Walker’s lifetime such as what major accomplishments Walker has had. Also, included in this website is several photographs of Mary. To end the article, the last paragraph of the website mentions how Mary Edwards Walker’s leadership still lives on in her legacy.

"Mary Edwards Walker 1832-1919 Congressional Medal of Honor Women in Military Service." American Civil War. January 1, 2014. Accessed March 4, 2015.

Mary Edwards Walker lived an eventful life, which this secondary source captured exquisitely. It supplied several primary source images and gave in depth background on Dr. Walker. The site also organized her life accomplishments in a neat manner to aid the reader.

Mikaelian, Allen. Medal of Honor Profile of America's Military Heroes from the Civil War to the Present. New York: Bill Adler Books, 2002.

The non-fiction source supports Dr.Walker's legacy by highlighting one of her achievements: earning a Medal of Honor. Receiving this honor made her the only woman to achieve the medal even today. This book also gave valuable information from her service in the Civil War as a surgeon and of her efforts to receive recognition afterwards. Walker’s endeavors are vital to her overall significance.

Poynter, Lida. "A Busy Woman." A Busy Woman. January 1, 1946. Accessed October 11, 2014.

By using an older, unpublished biography of Mary Edwards Walker written in 1946, one could verify if the information collected, had changed over the decades. This source repeated the main feats of Walker, and portrayed her as a “Busy Woman,” whose reform influenced society. Many examples of her as a social leader were given, which explains her legacy.

Sheafer, Silvia Anne. "Mary Edwards Walker." In Women in America's Wars, 29-37. Springfield, N.J., U.S.A.: Enslow Publishers, 1996.

This book, written by Silvia Sheafer, explains a brief summary of the life of Mary Edwards Walker. Some topics discussed in the book were her early and later life along with several of her achievements. A few of her achievements include obtaining the Medal of Honor and being one of the first women to dress in men's attire.

United States. National Park Service. "Person (U.S. National Park Service)." National Parks Service. February 10, 2015. Accessed March 1, 2015.

This secondary source consists mainly of Walker’s achievements in her later life. Another topic that was covered was what roles Walker played during the Civil War. Another topic introduced in this website is how Mary Edwards Walker still leaves her mark in the world today.

Walker, Dale L. Mary Edwards Walker: Above and beyond. New York: Forge, 2005.

The novel by Dale Walker thoroughly explains the lifetime of Mary Edwards Walker. It mostly focuses on her accomplishments such as receiving the Medal of Honor and

wearing masculine attire. This piece of literature provided numerous details from her childhood to her adulthood. Also, it includes how her leadership and legacy still lives on today.

Women Veterans' Inspiring True Stories. United States of America: Make the Connection, 2013. Film.

This video was a clear example of how activists for women to have larger military roles paved the way for today’s females. Research concluded that Dr. Mary’s work as a female surgeon in the Civil War, inspires many military veterans today and is a part of her legacy. Due to the leadership of Walker and other pioneers, women today have the chance to be leaders in the military.

Zeinert, Karen. "Caring for the Wounded." In <i>Those Courageous Women of the Civil War</i>, 47-49, 60. Brookfield: Millbrook Press, 1998.

Caring for the Wounded gave information on many renowned women and Mary Edwards Walker was one of the great reformers. The conclusion was supported since this book provided examples of Walker’s service before and after the Civil War. Her accomplishments in working for women’s rights and dress reform were also given. This adds to one’s understanding of her personality, character and aspirations.