ANNEX A – LIST OF INSTITUTIONS AND PERSONS CONSULTED...
Transcript of ANNEX A – LIST OF INSTITUTIONS AND PERSONS CONSULTED...
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ANNEX A – LIST OF INSTITUTIONS AND PERSONS CONSULTED
DURING ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD SURVEY
Institutions:
Department of Antiquities, Jordan (DoAJ)
Israel Antiquities Authority
Palestine Department of Antiquities
American Center of Oriental Research (ACOR)
Council for British Research in the Levant (CBRL)
Friends of Archaeology (Jordan)
Individuals:
Dr. Russell Adams (McMaster University)
Dr. Uzi Avner
Dr. Piotr Bienkowski
Prof. Geoffrey Clarke (University of Chicago)
Jihad Darwish (Department of Antiquities Jordan)
Dr. Benjamin Dolinka
Dr. Zbigniew Fiema (University of Helsinki)
Dr. George Findlater (Edinburgh University)
Sausan al-Fakhry (Department of Antiquities Jordan)
Dr. Bill Finlayson (CBRL)
Dr. Tali Gini (Israel Antiquities Authority)
Dr. Joseph A. Greene (Semitic Museum, Harvard University)
Dr. Rafael Greenberg (Tel Aviv University)
Prof. Donald O. Henry (University of Tulsa)
Tawfiq Huneiti (Department of Antiquities Jordan)
Adi Keinan (University College, London)
Dr. Burton MacDonald (Francis Xavier University, Nova Scotia)
Sate Masadeh (Department of Antiquities Jordan)
Dr. Carol Palmer (CBRL)
Prof. S. Thomas Parker (North Carolina State University)
Yuval Peleg (Israel Antiquities Authority)
Dr. Stephen Savage (Arizona State University)
Dr. Andrew M. Smith II (Dowling College, Oakdale)
Dr. Chris Tuttle (ACOR)
Dr. Yuval Yekutieli (Ben Gurion University, Beersheba)
Jamal Safi (Department of Antiquities Jordan)
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ANNEX B - ARCHAEOLOGICAL CHANCE FIND PROCEDURES
This annex sets out suggested procedures to be included in the construction
contractors’ environmental management plans.
The Jordanian Antiquities Law states (in article 21) that the state is the owner
of all antiquities in the Kingdom, both immovable and movable and (in article
15a) that any chance finds should be reported to the DoA or Public Security
Centre within ten days (see Section 4). In practice, this is likely to cause delays
and therefore, according to general ideas of best practice, the following system
is proposed.
For the seawater pipeline option a watching brief is suggested, in co-operation
with the Department of Antiquities, whereby two trained archaeologists are
attached to the construction team for the duration of all ground disturbance
activities during construction work. One archaeologist should survey the land
for the presence of sites with the engineering survey team that is laying out
the line, work camp, dump sites and factory site; and one archaeologist should
watch the bulldozers and earth-moving machines when they are actually
cutting the trenches. The reason for watching the trenching is that there is the
possibility of buried sites in many places, and the reason for having a trained
archaeologist is that it is difficult for a lay-person to recognise archaeological
remains.
For the seawater tunnel options and the hydroelectical and desalination plant sites a
watching brief is suggested as above. However, prior to any construction, an
archaeologist has to survey the exact portal and canal work sites, construction
camp sites, dump sites and new access roads and mitigate any sites found, as
set out below. As above, the archaeologists should be watching when any
bulldozers and earth-moving machines are actually disturbing the ground.
The smooth working of a watching brief assumes co-operation between the
archaeologist and the Contractor, who should inform the archaeologist of the
exact area where ground-breaking will take place. This allows the
archaeologist to walk over the land prior to ground disturbance, and again to
watch as the soil is removed down to natural subsoil or bedrock. Additionally,
the machine drivers and other workers involved in soil-distrubing activities
should be asked to stop and report any features that they encounter to the
archaeologist and the resident engineer.
Inspection by competent authorities (such as, in Jordan, the regional Inspector
of Antiquities of the DoAJ) should occur every month to ensure that the
contractor is abiding by the limits set by the archaeologist.
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Procedure upon discovery
The objective of the watching briefs is to record all archaeological features
brought to light through ground disturbance activities.
If any site is located, then work must be suspended in the area affected by the
discovery and, if there is no archaeologist present, it must be reported
immediately to the archaeologist attached to the project and, in all cases to the
resident engineer. Work must be suspended for a distance around the site that
is deemed safe by both the archaeologists (for archaeological reasons) and the
engineers (for technical reasons).
The archaeologist must make a rapid assessement of the site or find to
determine its importance. Based on this assessement the approriate strategy
can be implemented. The Department of Antiquities should be informed
immediately if a site deemed to be significant is found. For significant sites,
avoidance by relocating the project element is always the preferred option, but
if it is not possible to avoid the site and fence off the area then the
archaeologists must be given an agreed amount of time and back-up
personnel to undertake a rescue excavation immediately. Sites of minor
significance (such as isolated or unclear features, and isolated finds) should be
recorded immediately by the archaeologist, thus causing a minimum
disruption to the work schedule of the Contractor. The results of all
archaeological work must be reported to the Department of Antiquities, once
completed.
If an archaeologist is present during all phases of the construction, whether it
is a pipeline, or a construction site, then any sites, or chance finds, will be dealt
with quickly and appropriately, in agreement with the Department of
Antiquities, thus saving both time and money. Additionally, the presence of
an archaeologist on the work site should help to keep the work team informed
about the importance of protecting this valuable resource, and thus diminish
the likelihood of theft of, or damage to sites or objects found.
Example Paragraphs for the Construction Contract
If the Contractor discovers archeological sites, historical sites, remains and objects, including graveyards and/or individual graves during excavation or construction, the Contractor shall: (a) Stop the construction activities in the area of the chance find. (b) Delineate the discovered site or area. (c) Secure the site to prevent any damage or loss of removable objects. In cases of removable antiquities or sensitive remains, a night guard shall be present until the responsible local authorities and the Department of Archeology and Museums and the responsible Ministry take over.
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(d) Notify the supervisory Engineer who in turn will notify the responsible local authorities and the Department of Archeology and Museums and the responsible Ministry immediately (less than 24 hours). (e) Contact the responsible local authorities and the Department of Archeology and Museums and the responsible Ministry who would be in charge of protecting and preserving the site before deciding on the proper procedures to be carried out. This would require a preliminary evaluation of the findings to be performed by the archeologists of the Department of Archeology and Museums and the responsible Ministry (within 72 hours). The significance and importance of the findings should be assessed according to the various criteria relevant to cultural heritage, including the aesthetic, historic, scientific or research, social and economic values. (f) Ensure that decisions on how to handle the finding be taken by the responsible authorities and the Department of Archeology and Museums and the responsible Ministry. This could include changes in the layout (such as when the finding is an irremovable remain of cultural or archeological importance) conservation, preservation, restoration and salvage. (g) Implementation for the authority decision concerning the management of the finding shall be communicated in writing by the Department of Archeology and Museums and the responsible Ministry ; and (h) Construction work will resume only after authorization is given by the responsible local authorities and the Department of Archeology and Museums and the responsible Ministry/department concerning the safeguard of the heritage.