ANNEX A · 2018-09-04 · ANNEX A: ALCORN COUNTY MEMA District 2 Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan...

ANNEX A ALCORN COUNTY

MEMA District 2 Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan FINAL

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This annex includes jurisdiction-specific information for Alcorn County and its participating municipalities. It consists of the following five subsections:

A.1 Alcorn County Community Profile

A.2 Alcorn County Risk Assessment

A.3 Alcorn County Vulnerability Assessment

A.4 Alcorn County Capability Assessment

A.5 Alcorn County Mitigation Strategy

A.1 ALCORN COUNTY COMMUNITY PROFILE

A.1.1 Geography and the Environment Alcorn County is located in north eastern Mississippi. It comprises three towns, one village, and one city, City of Corinth, Town of Farmington, Town of Glen, Village of Kossuth, Town of Rienzi, as well as many small unincorporated communities. An orientation map is provided as Figure A.1. The county is within the rolling foothills of the Appalachian Mountains suppling diverse recreational and cultural activities. The total area of the county is 401 square miles, 1 square mile of which is water area. Summer temperatures in the county range from highs of about 90 degrees Fahrenheit (˚F) to lows in the upper 60s. Winter temperatures range from highs in the low to mid 50s to lows around 30˚F. Average annual rainfall is approximately 57 inches, with the wettest months being November, December, and May.

ANNEX A: ALCORN COUNTY


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FIGURE A.1: ALCORN COUNTY ORIENTATION MAP

A.1.2 Population and Demographics According to the 2010 Census, Alcorn County has a population of 37,057 people. The county has seen an increase in population between 2000 and 2010, and the population density is 93 people per square mile. Population counts from the US Census Bureau for 1990, 2000, and 2010 for the county and participating jurisdictions are presented in Table A.1.

TABLE A.1: POPULATION COUNTS FOR ALCORN COUNTY

Jurisdiction 1990 Census Population

2000 Census Population

2010 Census Population

% Change 2000-2010

Alcorn County 31,722 34,558 37,057 7.2%

Corinth 11,820 14,054 14,573 3.7%

Farmington -- 1,810 2,188 20.9%

Glen -- 286 412 44.1%

Kossuth -- 170 209 22.9%

Rienzi -- 330 317 -3.9%

Source: United States Census Bureau



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Based on the 2010 Census, the median age of residents of Alcorn County is 39.2 years. The racial characteristics of the county are presented in Table A.2. Whites make up the majority of the population in the county, accounting for 85 percent of the population.

TABLE A.2: DEMOGRAPHICS OF ALCORN COUNTY

Jurisdiction White, Percent (2010)

Black or African

American, Percent (2010)

American Indian or Alaska Native, Percent (2010)

Asian, Percent (2010)

Native Hawaiian or Other

Pacific Islander, Percent (2010)

Other Race,

Percent (2010)

Two or More Races,

percent (2010)

Persons of Hispanic Origin, Percent (2010)*

Alcorn County 85.4% 11.4% 0.2% 0.3% 0.0% 1.6% 1.0% 2.7%

Corinth 71.4% 23.2% 0.2% 0.5% 0.0% 3.2% 1.4% 5.3%

Farmington 96.1% 1.8% 0.4% 0.4% 0.0% 0.0% 1.3% 0.3%

Glen 97.1% 0.2% 0.0% 0.2% 0.0% 1.5% 1.0% 1.7%

Kossuth 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Rienzi 72.2% 27.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.6% 0.0%

*Hispanics may be of any race, so also are included in applicable race categories Source: United States Census Bureau

A.1.3 Housing According to the 2010 US Census, there are 17,077 housing units in Alcorn County, the majority of which are single family homes or mobile homes. Housing information for the county and five municipalities is presented in Table A.3. As shown in the table, two of incorporated town and city have similar percentages of seasonal housing units compared to the unincorporated county while three of the incorporated towns and village have slightly higher percentages.

TABLE A.3: HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS OF ALCORN COUNTY

Jurisdiction Housing Units

(2000) Housing Units

(2010) Seasonal Units, Percent (2010)

Median Home Value (2009-2013)

Alcorn County 15,818 17,077 0.7% $84,300

Corinth 7,058 7,149 0.4% $95,200

Farmington 746 966 1.1% $84,800

Glen 133 178 0.6% $106,300

Kossuth 77 85 1.2% $95,000

Rienzi 147 151 2.6% $34,200




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A.1.4 Infrastructure TRANSPORTATION In Alcorn County, U.S. Route 45 provides access to the north and south. U.S. Route 72, which crosses east and west, travels through Corinth City. State Highway 2 that starts at U.S. Route 45 in Corinth and ends at the Tennessee state line. The Roscoe Turner Airport is located southwest of Corinth City and provides limited local service. The closest international airport is in Memphis, approximately 100 miles away from the county. Multiple freight rail lines operate within Alcorn County. Norfolk Southern and Kansas City Southern travel throughout the county. Redmont Railway Rail connects Corinth City with Red Bay, Alabama. Business and industries rely on and are severed by these lines with the convenience of a marshaling yard in Corinth City.

UTILITIES Electrical power in Alcorn County is provided by the Alcorn County Electric Power Association (ACE) and various localized power associations. Tombigbee Electric Power Association and City of Tupelo Light & Water Company provide electrical power in the county and municipalities. First Utility District-Hardin County also contribute to utility services. Tennessee Valley Authority does provide electrical power to areas within Alcorn County. Water and sewer service is provided to residents by Corinth Gas & Water Department, Corinth Sewer Department, Farmington Water Association, Kossuth Water Association, City of Rienzi, New Chandler Association, and Prentiss-Alcorn Water Association.

COMMUNITY FACILITIES There are a number of buildings and community facilities located throughout Alcorn County. According to the data collected for the vulnerability assessment (Section 6.4.1), there are 7 fire stations, 2 police stations, and 19 public school facilities located within the county. There is one hospital located in Alcorn County. Magnolia Regional Health Center is a 163-bed medical-surgical hospital located in Corinth City. State and regional parks, historic sites, trails, golf courses, wildlife areas, and a sportsplex provide recreational opportunities in Alcorn County as well as local entertainment. The sportsplex has an arena, interpretive center, bowling center, and skating rink also provide indoor alternative.

A.1.5 Land Use Many areas of Alcorn County are undeveloped or sparsely developed. There are several small incorporated municipalities located throughout the county, with a few larger hubs interspersed. These areas are where the county’s population is generally concentrated. The incorporated areas are also where many of the businesses, commercial uses, and institutional uses are located. Land uses in the balance of



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the county generally consist of rural residential development, agricultural uses, and recreational areas, although there are some notable exceptions in the larger municipalities. Local land use and associated regulations are further discussed in Section 7: Capability Assessment. The Alliance coordinates programs that promote economic development, community development, downtown development, tourism, and quality retirement living and providing valuable services to prospective and established business and residents.

A.1.6 Employment and Industry According to the U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey (ACS), in 2013, Alcorn County had an average annual employment of 16,760 workers and an average unemployment rate of 5.9 percent (compared to 6.4 percent for the state). In 2013, the Education services, and health care and social assistance 21.5 percent of the county’s workforce followed by Manufacturing industry (19.8%); Retail Trade (13.6%); and Arts, entertainment, and recreation, and accommodation and food services (9.0%). The average annual wage in 2013 for Alcorn County was $33,600 compared to $39,031 in the state of Mississippi.

A.2 ALCORN COUNTY RISK ASSESSMENT This subsection includes hazard profiles for each of the significant hazards identified in Section 4: Hazard Identification as they pertain to Alcorn County. Each hazard profile includes a description of the hazard’s location and extent, notable historical occurrences, and the probability of future occurrences. Additional information can be found in Section 5: Hazard Profiles.

A.2.1 Flood

LOCATION AND SPATIAL EXTENT There are areas in Alcorn County that are susceptible to flood events. Special flood hazard areas in the county were mapped using Geographic Information System (GIS) and FEMA Digital Flood Insurance Rate Maps (DFIRM).1 This includes Zone A (1-percent annual chance floodplain), Zone AE (1-percent annual chance floodplain with elevation), and Zone X500 (0.2-percent annual chance floodplain). According to GIS analysis, of the 400 square miles that make up Alcorn County, there are 73.3 square miles of land in zones A and AE (1-percent annual chance floodplain/100-year floodplain) and 0.4 square mile of land in zone X500 (0.2-percent annual chance floodplain/500-year floodplain). These flood zone values account for 18.4 percent of the total land area in Alcorn County. It is important to note that while FEMA digital flood data is recognized as best available data for planning purposes, it does not always reflect the most accurate and up-to-date flood risk. Flooding and flood-related losses often do occur outside of delineated special flood hazard areas. Figure A.2 illustrates the location and extent of currently mapped special flood hazard areas for Alcorn County based on best available FEMA Digital Flood Insurance Rate Map (DFIRM) data.

1 The county-level DFIRM data used for Alcorn County were updated in 2010.



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FIGURE A.2: SPECIAL FLOOD HAZARD AREAS IN ALCORN COUNTY

Source: Federal Emergency Management Agency

HISTORICAL OCCURRENCES Floods were at least partially responsible for five disaster declarations in Alcorn County in 1973, 1990, 1991, 2010, and 2011.2 Information from the National Climatic Data Center was used to ascertain additional historical flood events. The National Climatic Data Center reported a total of 33 events in Alcorn County since 1996.3 A summary of these events is presented in Table A.4. These events accounted for nearly $6.5 million (2015 dollars) in property damage and one fatality in the county.4 Specific information on flood events, including date, type of flooding, and deaths and injuries, can be found in Table A.5.

2A complete listing of historical disaster declarations can be found in Section 4: Hazard Identification. 3 These flood events are only inclusive of those reported by the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) from 1996 through April

2015. It is likely that additional occurrences have occurred and have gone unreported. As additional local data becomes available,

this hazard profile will be amended. 4 Adjusted dollar values were calculated based on the average Consumer Price Index for a given calendar year. This index value

has been calculated every year since 1913. For 2015, the June 2015 monthly index was used.



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TABLE A.4: SUMMARY OF FLOOD OCCURRENCES IN ALCORN COUNTY

Location Number of

Occurrences Deaths / Injuries

Property Damage (2015)

Corinth 20 0/0 $65,452

Farmington 0 0/0 $0

Glen 0 0/0 $0

Kossuth 1 0/0 $0

Rienzi 1 0/0 $0

Unincorporated Area 11 1/0 $6,404,200

ALCORN COUNTY TOTAL 33 1/0 $6,469,652

Source: National Climatic Data Center

TABLE A.5: HISTORICAL FLOOD EVENTS IN ALCORN COUNTY Location Date Type Deaths / Injuries Property Damage*

Corinth

CORINTH 10/28/1996 Flash Flood 0/0 $1,521




CORINTH 7/14/1998 Flood 0/0 $732

CORINTH 1/22/1999 Flood 0/0 $1,432

CORINTH 5/5/1999 Flood 0/0 $1,432








CORINTH 1/10/2008 Flash Flood 0/0 $0






Farmington

None Reported -- -- -- --

Glen


Kossuth

KOSSUTH 6/9/2014 Flash Flood 0/0 $0

Rienzi RIENZI 9/17/2009 Flash Flood 0/0 $0

Unincorporated Area COUNTYWIDE 10/13/2001 Flash Flood 0/0 $1,347,476

ALCORN (ZONE) 11/28/2001 Flood 0/0 $101,061



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Location Date Type Deaths / Injuries Property Damage*

COUNTYWIDE 1/23/2002 Flash Flood 0/0 $6,633

COUNTYWIDE 2/15/2004 Flash Flood 0/0 $1,263

CORINTH TURNER ARPT 11/14/2007 Flash Flood 0/0 $23,019

WENASOGA 5/1/2010 Flash Flood 0/0 $0

LONE PINE 5/2/2010 Flash Flood 1/0 $4,924,749

JONESTOWN 6/26/2010 Flash Flood 0/0 $0

THEO 8/18/2010 Flash Flood 0/0 $0

CORINTH TURNER ARPT 4/27/2011 Flash Flood 0/0 $0

GIFT 5/25/2011 Flash Flood 0/0 $0

*Property damage is reported in 2015 dollars; all damage may not have been reported. Source: National Climatic Data Center

HISTORICAL SUMMARY OF INSURED FLOOD LOSSES According to FEMA flood insurance policy records as of June 2015, there have been 49 flood losses reported in Alcorn County through the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) since 1978, totaling almost $4.2 million in claims payments. A summary of these figures for the county is provided in Table A.6. It should be emphasized that these numbers include only those losses to structures that were insured through the NFIP policies, and for losses in which claims were sought and received. It is likely that many additional instances of flood loss in Alcorn County were either uninsured, denied claims payment, or not reported.

TABLE A.6: SUMMARY OF INSURED FLOOD LOSSES IN ALCORN COUNTY Location Flood Losses Claims Payments

Corinth 43 $4,039,493

Farmington* -- --

Glen* -- --

Kossuth* -- --

Rienzi 0 $0

Unincorporated Area 6 $141,541

ALCORN COUNTY TOTAL 49 $4,181,034 *These communities do not participate in the National Flood Insurance Program. Therefore, no values are reported. Source: Federal Emergency Management Agency, National Flood Insurance Program

REPETITIVE LOSS PROPERTIES According to the Mississippi Emergency Management Agency, there are 7 non-mitigated repetitive loss properties located in Alcorn County, which accounted for 14 losses and almost $1.9 million in claims payments under the NFIP. The average claim amount for these properties is $132,294. Of the seven properties, two are single family and five are non-residential. Without mitigation, these properties will likely continue to experience flood losses. Table A.7 presents detailed information on repetitive loss properties and NFIP claims and policies for Alcorn County.



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TABLE A.7: REPETITIVE LOSS PROPERTIES IN ALCORN COUNTY

Location Number of Properties

Types of Properties

Number of Losses

Building Payments

Content Payments

Total Payments

Average Payment

Corinth 7

2 single family; 5

non-residential 14 $1,427,135 $424,985 $1,852,120 $132,294

Farmington* -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Glen* -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Kossuth* -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Rienzi 0 -- 0 $0 $0 $0 $0

Unincorporated Area 0 -- 0 $0 $0 $0 $0

ALCORN COUNTY TOTAL

7 14 $1,427,135 $424,985 $1,852,120 $132,294

*These communities do not participate in the National Flood Insurance Program. Therefore, no values are reported. Source: National Flood Insurance Program

PROBABILITY OF FUTURE OCCURRENCES Flood events will remain a threat in Alcorn County, and the probability of future occurrences will remain likely (between 50 and 100 percent annual probability). The participating jurisdictions and unincorporated areas have risk to flooding, though not all areas will experience flood. The probability of future flood events based on magnitude and according to best available data is illustrated in the figure above, which indicates those areas susceptible to the 1-percent annual chance flood (100-year floodplain) and the 0.2-percent annual chance flood (500-year floodplain). It can be inferred from the floodplain location maps, previous occurrences, and repetitive loss properties that risk varies throughout the county. For example, the City of Corinth has more floodplain and thus a higher risk of flood than the other municipalities. Flood is not the greatest hazard of concern but will continue to occur and cause damage. Therefore, mitigation actions may be warranted, particularly for repetitive loss properties.

A.2.2 Erosion

LOCATION AND SPATIAL EXTENT Erosion in Alcorn County is typically caused by flash flooding events. Unlike coastal areas, areas of concern for erosion in Alcorn County are primarily rivers and streams. Generally, vegetation helps to prevent erosion in the area, and it is not an extreme threat to the county. No areas of concern were reported by the hazard mitigation council.

HISTORICAL OCCURRENCES Several sources were vetted to identify areas of erosion in Alcorn County. This includes searching local newspapers, interviewing local officials, and reviewing previous hazard mitigation plans. No historical erosion occurrences were found in these sources.



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PROBABILITY OF FUTURE OCCURRENCES Erosion remains a natural, dynamic, and continuous process for Alcorn County, and it will continue to occur. The annual probability level assigned for erosion is likely (between 50 and 100 percent annually).

A.2.3 Dam and Levee Failure

LOCATION AND SPATIAL EXTENT According to the Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality, there is one high hazard dam in Alcorn County.5 Figure A.3 shows the location of this high hazard dam and it is also listed by name in Table A.8.

FIGURE A.3: ALCORN COUNTY HIGH HAZARD DAM LOCATIONS

Source: Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality

5 The list of high hazard dams obtained from the Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality was reviewed and amended

by local officials to the best of their knowledge.



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TABLE A.8: ALCORN COUNTY HIGH HAZARD DAMS Dam Name Hazard Potential

Alcorn County

TUSCUMBIA WS STR NUMBER 8 DAM High

Source: Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality

HISTORICAL OCCURRENCES There is no record of dam breaches in Alcorn County. However, several breach scenarios in the county could be catastrophic.

PROBABILITY OF FUTURE OCCURRENCES Given the current dam inventory and historic data, a dam breach is unlikely (less than 1 percent annual probability) in the future. However, as has been demonstrated in the past, regular monitoring is necessary to prevent these events.

A.2.4 Winter Storm and Freeze

LOCATION AND SPATIAL EXTENT Nearly the entire continental United States is susceptible to winter storm and freeze events. Some ice and winter storms may be large enough to affect several states, while others might affect limited, localized areas. The degree of exposure typically depends on the normal expected severity of local winter weather. Alcorn County is not accustomed to severe winter weather conditions and rarely receives severe winter weather, even during the winter months. Events tend to be mild in nature; however, even relatively small accumulations of snow, ice, or other wintery precipitation can lead to losses and damage due to the fact that these events are not commonplace. Given the atmospheric nature of the hazard, the entire county has uniform exposure to a winter storm.

HISTORICAL OCCURRENCES Winter weather has resulted in one disaster declaration in Alcorn County in 1994.6 According to the National Climatic Data Center, there have been a total of 29 recorded winter storm events in Alcorn County since 1994 (Table A.9).7 These events resulted in almost $18.6 million (2015 dollars) in damages.8 Detailed information on the recorded winter storm events can be found in Table A.10.

6 A complete listing of historical disaster declarations can be found in Section 4: Hazard Identification. 7 These ice and winter storm events are only inclusive of those reported by the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) from 1996

through April 2015. It is likely that additional winter storm conditions have affected Alcorn County. For example, although it is

not accounted for in the NCDC records, the February 1994 ice storm was added to these results since it was a major event that

impacted Alcorn County. The National Weather Service reported that the storm resulted in $481,453,441 (2015 dollars) in

damages across 26 counties in Mississippi; therefore, there was approximately $18,517,440 of damage in each impacted county. 8 Adjusted dollar values were calculated based on the average Consumer Price Index for a given calendar year. This index value




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TABLE A.9: SUMMARY OF WINTER STORM EVENTS IN ALCORN COUNTY

Location Number of



Alcorn County 29 0/0 $18,557,786


TABLE A.10: HISTORICAL WINTER STORM IMPACTS IN ALCORN COUNTY Location Date Type Deaths / Injuries Property Damage*

Corinth


Farmington


Glen


Kossuth


Rienzi


Unincorporated Area ALCORN COUNTY 2/9/1994 Ice Storm 0/0 $18,517,440

ALCORN (ZONE) 2/1/1996 Winter Storm 0/0 $30,419

ALCORN (ZONE) 1/15/1998 Winter Storm 0/0 $0

ALCORN (ZONE) 12/22/1998 Ice Storm 0/0 $7,320

ALCORN (ZONE) 1/27/2000 Heavy Snow 0/0 $0


ALCORN (ZONE) 2/6/2003 Heavy Snow 0/0 $1,297

ALCORN (ZONE) 2/15/2004 Heavy Snow 0/0 $126

ALCORN (ZONE) 2/18/2006 Winter Storm 0/0 $1,184

ALCORN (ZONE) 2/1/2007 Winter Weather 0/0 $0

ALCORN (ZONE) 4/6/2007 Frost/freeze 0/0 $0

ALCORN (ZONE) 4/7/2007 Frost/freeze 0/0 $0












ALCORN (ZONE) 1/15/2013 Ice Storm 0/0 $0






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Location Date Type Deaths / Injuries Property Damage*




There have been several severe winter weather events in Alcorn County. The text below describes two of the major events and associated impacts on the county. Similar impacts can be expected with severe winter weather. February 1994 A damaging ice storm with freezing rain accumulations of 3 to 6 inches occurred across north Mississippi from February 9-11. Most estimates calculate this storm as the worst on record since 1951 with damages occurring across parts of Arkansas, Tennessee, Alabama, Louisiana, and Texas, as well as 26 counties in Mississippi, which sustained damages of roughly $300 million. According to power companies, more than 200,000 homes were left without power at the height of the storm, and water provides estimate nearly 175,000 homes were without water during this time period. Agriculture also took an especially hard hit as nearly 5 percent of the state’s pecan trees were destroyed. 9 December 1998 Much of north Mississippi was hit with an ice storm. Most counties reported between 0.25 to 0.5 inches of ice on their roads with some locations in the southern part of the region reporting as much as 3 inches of ice. The ice caused numerous power outages and brought down many trees and power lines. Thousands of people in north Mississippi were without power, some for as long as one week. Christmas travel was severely hampered for several days with motorists stranded at airports, bus stations, and truck stops. Travel did not return to normal until after Christmas in some locations. Winter storms throughout the county have several negative externalities including hypothermia, cost of snow and debris cleanup, business and government service interruption, traffic accidents, and power outages. Furthermore, citizens may resort to using inappropriate heating devices that could to fire or an accumulation of toxic fumes.

PROBABILITY OF FUTURE OCCURRENCES Winter storm events will continue to occur in Alcorn County. Based on historical information, the probability is likely (between 50 and 100 percent annual probability).

9 Pfost, Russell L. Disastrous Mississippi Ice Storm of 1994. National Weather Service Forecast Office. Jackson, Mississippi.



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FIRE-RELATED HAZARDS

A.2.5 Drought / Heat Wave

LOCATION AND SPATIAL EXTENT Drought Drought typically covers a large area and cannot be confined to any geographic or political boundaries. Furthermore, it is assumed that Alcorn County would be uniformly exposed to drought, making the spatial extent potentially widespread. It is also notable that drought conditions typically do not cause significant damage to the built environment but may exacerbate wildfire conditions. Heat Wave Heat waves typically impact a large area and cannot be confined to any geographic or political boundaries.

HISTORICAL OCCURRENCES Drought According to the U.S. Drought Monitor, Alcorn County had drought levels (including abnormally dry) in 13 of the last 15 years (2000-2014). Table A.11 shows the most severe drought classification for each year, according to U.S. Drought Monitor classifications. It should be noted that the U.S. Drought Monitor also estimates what percentage of the county is in each classification of drought severity. For example, the most severe classification reported may be exceptional but a majority of the county may actually be in a less severe condition.

TABLE A. 11: HISTORICAL DROUGHT OCCURRENCES IN ALCORN COUNTY Abnormally Dry Moderate Drought Severe Drought Extreme Drought Exceptional Drought

Alcorn County

2000 EXCEPTIONAL

2001 SEVERE

2002 ABNORMAL

2003 NORMAL

2004 NORMAL

2005 MODERATE

2006 SEVERE

2007 EXCEPTIONAL

2008 MODERATE

2009 ABNORMAL

2010 MODERATE

2011 MODERATE

2012 MODERATE

2013 ABNORMAL

2014 MODERATE Source: United States Drought Monitor



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Some additional anecdotal information was provided from the National Climatic Data Center on droughts in Alcorn County. Summer 2007 – Drought conditions began in early April across portions of Northeast Mississippi and expanded to North Central Mississippi by the end of April. Drought conditions continued throughout the summer months through October and at times reached exceptional conditions. The drought impacted agricultural and hydrological interests of the area. Burn bans in some locations were issued due to the lack of rainfall. Heat Wave The National Climatic Data Center was used to determine historical heat wave occurrences in the county. August 2007 – A severe heat wave brought high temperatures near or above the 100 degree mark during most of the month of August. The unusually warm temperatures combined with high dew points produced heat index values of 105 degrees or greater during the heat wave. June/July/August 2010 – The combination of high humidity and above normal temperatures produced brutal heat indices of 105-120 degrees. July/August 2011 – The combination of the hot and humid conditions allowed heat indices to reach between 105 and 118 degrees during the afternoon hours. July 2012 – The combination of heat and humidity produced heat indices above 110 degrees.

PROBABILITY OF FUTURE OCCURRENCES Drought Based on historical occurrence information, it is assumed that Alcorn County has a probability level of likely (between 50 and 100 percent annual probability) for future drought events. However, the extent (or magnitude) of drought and the amount of geographic area covered by drought, varies with each year. Historic information indicates that there is a much lower probability for extreme, long-lasting drought conditions. Heat Wave Based on historical occurrence information, it is assumed that all of Alcorn County has a probability level of likely (between 50 and 100 percent annual probability) for future heat wave events.

A.2.6 Wildfire

LOCATION AND SPATIAL EXTENT The entire county is at risk to a wildfire occurrence. However, several factors such as drought conditions or high levels of fuel on the forest floor, may make a wildfire more likely. Furthermore, areas in the urban-wildland interface are particularly susceptible to fire hazard as populations abut formerly undeveloped areas. The Wildfire Ignition Density data shown in the figure below give an indication of historic location.



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HISTORICAL OCCURRENCES Figure A.4 shows the Wildfire Ignition Density in Alcorn County based on data from the Southern Wildfire Risk Assessment. This data is based on historical fire ignitions and the likelihood of a wildfire igniting in an area. Occurrence is derived by modeling historic wildfire ignition locations to create an average ignition rate map. This is measured in the number of fires per year per 1,000 acres.10

FIGURE A.4: WILDFIRE IGNITION DENSITY IN ALCORN COUNTY

Source: Southern Wildfire Risk Assessment

Based on data from the Mississippi Forestry Commission from 2005 to 2014, Alcorn County experiences an average of 36 wildfires annually which burn an average of 466 acres per year. The data indicates that most of these fires are small, averaging about 16 acres per fire. Table A.12 provides a summary of wildfire occurrences in Alcorn County and Table A.13 lists the number of reported wildfire occurrences in the county between the years 2005 and 2014.

TABLE A.12: SUMMARY TABLE OF ANNUAL WILDFIRE OCCURRENCES (2005 -2014)* Alcorn

10 Southern Wildfire Risk Assessment, 2014.



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County

Average Number of Fires per year 36.3

Average Number of Acres Burned per year 566.3

Average Number of Acres Burned per fire 15.6

*These values reflect averages over a 10 year period. Source: Mississippi Forestry Commission

TABLE A.13: HISTORICAL WILDFIRE OCCURRENCES IN ALCORN COUNTY Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Alcorn County

Number of Fires 52 45 82 24 29 27 31 27 15 31

Number of Acres Burned 547 1,184 1,339 143 386 245 782 384 101 552

Source: Mississippi Forestry Commission

PROBABILITY OF FUTURE OCCURRENCES Wildfire events will be an ongoing occurrence in Alcorn County. Figure A.5 shows that there is some probability a wildfire will occur throughout the county. However, the likelihood of wildfires increases during drought cycles and abnormally dry conditions. Fires are likely to stay small in size but could increase due to local climate and ground conditions. Dry, windy conditions with an accumulation of forest floor fuel (potentially due to ice storms or lack of fire) could create conditions for a large fire that spreads quickly. It should also be noted that some areas do vary somewhat in risk. For example, highly developed areas are less susceptible unless they are located near the urban-wildland boundary. The risk will also vary due to assets. Areas in the urban-wildland interface will have much more property at risk, resulting in increased vulnerability and need to mitigate compared to rural, mainly forested areas. The probability assigned to Alcorn County for future wildfire events is highly likely (100 percent annual probability).



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FIGURE A.5: BURN PROBABILITY IN ALCORN COUNTY

Source: Southern Wildfire Risk Assessment

GEOLOGIC HAZARDS

A.2.7 Earthquake

LOCATION AND SPATIAL EXTENT Figure A.6 shows the intensity level associated with Alcorn County, based on the national USGS map of peak acceleration with 10 percent probability of exceedance in 50 years. It is the probability that ground motion will reach a certain level during an earthquake. The data show peak horizontal ground acceleration (the fastest measured change in speed, for a particle at ground level that is moving horizontally due to an earthquake) with a 10 percent probability of exceedance in 50 years. The map was compiled by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Geologic Hazards Team, which conducts global investigations of earthquake, geomagnetic, and landslide hazards. According to this map, Alcorn County lies within an approximate zone of level “7” to “10” ground acceleration. This indicates that the county exists within an area of moderate seismic risk.



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FIGURE A.6: PEAK ACCELERATION WITH 10 PERCENT PROBABILITY OF EXCEEDANCE IN 50 YEARS

Source: United States Geological Survey, 2014



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HISTORICAL OCCURRENCES At least 12 earthquakes are known to have affected Alcorn County since 1886. The strongest of these measured a V on the Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) scale. Table A.14 provides a summary of earthquake events reported by the National Geophysical Data Center between 1638 and 1985. Table A.15 presents a detailed occurrence of each event including the date, distance for the epicenter, magnitude and Modified Mercalli Intensity (if known). 11

TABLE A.14: SUMMARY OF SEISMIC ACTIVITY IN ALCORN COUNTY

Location Number of

Occurrences Greatest MMI

Reported Richter Scale

Equivalent

Corinth 9 V < 4.8

Farmington 0 -- --

Glen 0 -- --

Kossuth 0 -- --

Rienzi 3 V < 4.8

Unincorporated Area 0 -- --

ALCORN COUNTY TOTAL 12 V (slightly strong) < 4.8

Source: National Geophysical Data Center

TABLE A.15: SIGNIFICANT SEISMIC EVENTS IN ALCORN COUNTY (1638 -1985) Location Date Epicentral Distance Magnitude MMI

Corinth

Corinth 9/1/1886 875.0 km Unknown II



Corinth 12/17/1931 312.0 km Unknown IV

Corinth 4/27/1954 435.0 km Unknown V

Corinth 1/25/1955 485.0 km Unknown III

Corinth 11/9/1968 741.0 km 5.3 IV

Corinth 11/17/1970 511.0 km 3.6 IV

Corinth 8/7/1981 511.0 km 4.0 IV

Farmington


Glen


Kossuth


Rienzi

Rienzi 11/17/1970 176.0 km 3.6 III

Rienzi 3/25/1976 199.0 km 4.9 V

Rienzi 2/5/1983 24.0 km 3.2 IV

11 Due to reporting mechanisms, not all earthquakes events were recorded during this time. Furthermore, some are missing data,

such as the epicenter location, due to a lack of widely used technology. In these instances, a value of “unknown” is reported.



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Location Date Epicentral Distance Magnitude MMI

Unincorporated Area


Source: National Geophysical Data Center

PROBABILITY OF FUTURE OCCURRENCES The probability of significant, damaging earthquake events affecting Alcorn County is unlikely. However, it is possible that future earthquakes resulting in light to moderate perceived shaking and damages ranging from none to very light will affect the county. The annual probability level for the county is estimated to be between 1 and 50 percent (possible).

A.2.8 Expansive Soils

LOCATION AND SPATIAL EXTENT Much of Alcorn County is located in an area where the soil is substantially clay, causing a shrink and swell effect depending on the current conditions. Indeed, much of the area underlain by calcareous clay which, when combined with sand and marl, is highly susceptible to expansion when wet and shrinking when dry.

Due to the amount of clay minerals present in Alcorn County, expansive soils present a threat to the county. Areas underlain by soils with swelling potential are shown in Figure A.7. The areas in red contain abundant clay having high swelling potential, the areas in blue are underlain with generally less than 50 percent clay having high swelling potential, the areas in green are underlain with generally less than 50 percent clay having slight to moderate swelling potential, and the areas in brown contain little or no swelling clays.



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FIGURE A.7: SWELLING CLAYS IN MISSISSIPPI

Source: United States Geological Survey

HISTORICAL OCCURRENCES Although there is a relatively substantial potential for expansive soils to impact the county, diligent records of past events have not been kept. Nevertheless, local officials have pointed to several localized incidents that have occurred in the region in the past and had impacts on infrastructure as well as individual homeowners. Exact locational information could not be provided in most cases, but this knowledge of historic events occurring is evidence that there is some cause for concern for future events.

PROBABILITY OF FUTURE OCCURRENCES Given the potential for future impacts based on mapping and past historical events, it is likely (between 50 and 100 percent annual probability) that future expansive soil events will occur.



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A.2.9 Landslide

LOCATION AND SPATIAL EXTENT Landslides occur along steep slopes when the pull of gravity can no longer be resisted (often due to heavy rain). Human development can also exacerbate risk by building on previously undevelopable steep slopes. Landslides are possible throughout Alcorn County, though the risk is relatively low. According to Figure A.8 below, the entire county falls under a low incidence area. This indicates that less than 1.5 percent of the area is involved in landsliding.

FIGURE A.8: LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY AND INCIDENCE MAP OF ALCORN COUNTY


HISTORICAL OCCURRENCES There is no extensive history of landslides in Alcorn County. Landslide events typically occur in isolated areas, but no major landslide events were reported.



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PROBABILITY OF FUTURE OCCURRENCES Based on historical information and the USGS susceptibility index, the probability of future landslide events is unlikely (less than 1 percent probability). The USGS data indicates that all areas in Alcorn County have a low incidence rate and low susceptibly to landsliding activity. Local conditions may become more favorable for landslides due to heavy rain, for example. This would increase the likelihood of occurrence. It should also be noted that some areas in Alcorn County have greater risk than others given factors such as steepness on slope and modification of slopes.

A.2.10 Land Subsidence / Sinkhole

LOCATION AND SPATIAL EXTENT According to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), subsidence affects an estimated 17,000 square miles in 45 states, including Mississippi. Salt and gypsum underlie about 35 to 40 percent of the United States, though in many areas they are buried at great depths. Figure A.9 shows the location of rock types associated with subsidence in the United States. It indicates that there are areas in the region underlain with karst from carbonate rock.

FIGURE A.9: MAP OF ROCK TYPES ASSOCIATED WITH SUBSIDENCE IN THE UNITED STATES


HISTORICAL OCCURRENCES Although there is no extensive history of land subsidence in Alcorn County, anecdotal evidence of isolated incidents have been reported. Local county officials have noted the impacts from these swings and changes in soil as roads and other infrastructure have experienced large cracks and breaks, causing stops in daily operations and significant costs to local, state, and federal budgets. Often the cost to repair this infrastructure can be in the range of millions of dollars depending on the degree of damage and necessity for quick repairs.



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PROBABILITY OF FUTURE OCCURRENCES The probability of future land subsidence events in the county is possible (between 1 and 50 percent annual probability). The potential for land subsidence may be impacted by local conditions such as heavy rain or extremely dry periods.

WIND-RELATED HAZARDS

A.2.11 Hurricane and Tropical Storm

LOCATION AND SPATIAL EXTENT Hurricanes and tropical storms threaten the entire Atlantic and Gulf seaboard of the United States. While coastal areas are most directly exposed to the brunt of landfalling storms, their impact is often felt hundreds of miles inland and they can affect Alcorn County. All areas in Alcorn County are equally susceptible to hurricane and tropical storms.

HISTORICAL OCCURRENCES According to the National Hurricane Center’s historical storm track records, 39 hurricane or tropical storm/depression tracks have passed within 75 miles of the MEMA District 2 Region since 1860.12 This includes: 1 Category 1 hurricane, 22 tropical storms, and 16 tropical depressions. A total of 21 tracks passed directly through the region as shown in as show in Figure A.10. These events were all tropical storm or tropical depression strength at the time they traversed the region. Table A.16 provides the date of occurrence, name (if applicable), maximum wind speed (as recorded within 75 miles of the MEMA District 2 Region) and category of the storm based on the Saffir-Simpson Scale for each event.

12 These storm track statistics include tropical depressions, tropical storms, and hurricanes. Lesser events may still cause

significant local impact in terms of rainfall and high winds.



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FIGURE A.10: HISTORICAL HURRICANE STORM TRACKS WITHIN 75 MILES OF THE MEMA DISTRICT 2 REGION

Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Hurricane Center

TABLE A.16: HISTORICAL STORM TRACKS WITHIN 75 MILES OF THE MEMA 2 DISTRICT REGION

(1850–2013)

Date of Occurrence Storm Name Maximum Wind

Speed (knots) Storm Category

10/3/1860 UNNAMED 40 Tropical Storm

7/13/1872 UNNAMED 30 Tropical Depression













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Date of Occurrence Storm Name Maximum Wind

Speed (knots) Storm Category













8/31/1950 BAKER 35 Tropical Storm

9/8/1950 EASY 25 Tropical Depression

6/28/1957 AUDREY 40 Tropical Storm

9/16/1960 ETHEL 30 Tropical Depression

8/18/1969 CAMILLE 50 Tropical Storm

7/12/1979 BOB 30 Tropical Depression

9/13/1979 FREDERIC 65 Category 1

8/16/1985 DANNY 30 Tropical Depression

8/27/1992 ANDREW 30 Tropical Depression

8/4/1995 ERIN 20 Tropical Depression

8/7/2001 BARRY 15 Tropical Depression

9/27/2002 ISIDORE 20 Tropical Depression

6/12/2005 ARLENE 25 Tropical Depression

7/11/2005 DENNIS 30 Tropical Depression

8/30/2005 KATRINA 50 Tropical Storm

Source: National Hurricane Center

Federal records indicate that one disaster declaration was made in 2005 (Hurricane Katrina) in Alcorn County.13 Hurricane and tropical storm events can cause substantial damage in the area due to high winds and flooding. Flooding and high winds from hurricanes and tropical storms can cause damage throughout the county. However, no anecdotes of storms that have impacted the county are available from NCDC.

PROBABILITY OF FUTURE OCCURRENCES Given the inland location of the county, it is more likely to be affected by remnants of hurricane and tropical storm systems (as opposed to a major hurricane) which may result in flooding or high winds. The probability of being impacted is less than coastal areas, but still remains a real threat to Alcorn County due to induced events like flooding. Based on historical evidence, the probability level of future occurrence is likely (between 50 and 100 percent annual probability). Given the regional nature of the

13 A complete listing of historical disaster declarations can be found in Section 4: Hazard Identification.



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hazard, all areas in the county are equally exposed to this hazard. However, when the county is impacted, the damage could be catastrophic, threatening lives and property throughout the planning area.

A.2.12 Thunderstorm (wind, hail, lightning)

LOCATION AND SPATIAL EXTENT Thunderstorm / High Wind A thunderstorm event is an atmospheric hazard, and thus has no geographic boundaries. It is typically a widespread event that can occur in all regions of the United States. However, thunderstorms are most common in the central and southern states because atmospheric conditions in those regions are favorable for generating these powerful storms. It is assumed that Alcorn County has uniform exposure to an event and the spatial extent of an impact could be large. Hailstorm Hailstorms frequently accompany thunderstorms, so their locations and spatial extents coincide. It is assumed that Alcorn County is uniformly exposed to severe thunderstorms; therefore, all areas of the county are equally exposed to hail which may be produced by such storms. Lightning Lightning occurs randomly, therefore it is impossible to predict where and with what frequency it will strike. It is assumed that all of Alcorn County is uniformly exposed to lightning.

HISTORICAL OCCURRENCES Thunderstorm / High Wind Severe storms were at least partially responsible for five disaster declarations in Alcorn County in 1990, 1991, 2001, 2010, and 2011.14 According to NCDC, there have been 112 reported thunderstorm and high wind events since 1968 in Alcorn County.15 These events caused almost $906,000 (2015 dollars) in damages.16 Table A.17 summarizes this information. Table A.18 presents detailed thunderstorm and high wind event reports including date, magnitude, and associated damages for each event.

TABLE A.17: SUMMARY OF THUNDERSTORM / HIGH WIND OCCURRENCES IN ALCORN COUNTY

Location Number of



Corinth 29 0/0 $315,538

Farmington 2 0/0 $36,601

Glen 1 0/0 $3,042

Kossuth 7 0/0 $80,446

Rienzi 0 0/0 $0

14A complete listing of historical disaster declarations can be found in Section 4: Hazard Identification. 15 These thunderstorm events are only inclusive of those reported by the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) from 1955

through April 2015 and these high wind events are only inclusive of those reported by NCDC from 1996 through April 2015. It is

likely that additional thunderstorm and high wind events have occurred in Alcorn County. As additional local data becomes

available, this hazard profile will be amended. 16 Adjusted dollar values were calculated based on the average Consumer Price Index for a given calendar year. This index value




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Location Number of



Unincorporated Area 73 0/0 $470,172

ALCORN COUNTY TOTAL 112 0/0 $905,799


TABLE A.18: HISTORICAL THUNDERSTORM / HIGH WIND OCCURRENCES IN ALCORN COUNTY

Location Date Type Magnitude† Deaths / Injuries

Property Damage*

Corinth

Corinth 5/10/1993 Thunderstorm Wind 0 kts. 0/0 $8,257

Corinth 6/26/1994 Thunderstorm Wind 0 kts. 0/0 $805

Corinth 7/13/1995 Thunderstorm Wind 0 kts. 0/0 $3,132

CORINTH 11/7/1996 Thunderstorm Wind -- 0/0 $760

CORINTH 6/27/1997 Thunderstorm Wind -- 0/0 $14,868






CORINTH 5/30/2004 Thunderstorm Wind 55 kts. EG 0/0 $18,950










CORINTH 5/6/2009 Thunderstorm Wind 50 kts. EG 0/0 $0







CORINTH 12/21/2013 Thunderstorm Wind 70 kts. MG 0/0 $0


Farmington FARMINGTON 7/10/1998 Thunderstorm Wind -- 0/0 $36,601

FARMINGTON 7/30/2012 Thunderstorm Wind 56 kts. MG 0/0 $0

Glen GLENS 5/28/1996 Thunderstorm Wind -- 0/0 $3,042

Kossuth

KOSSUTH 2/24/2001 Thunderstorm Wind -- 0/0 $6,737



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Property Damage*

KOSSUTH 7/4/2004 Thunderstorm Wind 55 kts. EG 0/0 $31,583




KOSSUTH 7/13/2009 Thunderstorm Wind 50 kts. EG 0/0 $0

KOSSUTH 8/4/2011 Thunderstorm Wind 50 kts. EG 0/0 $0

Rienzi

None Reported -- -- -- -- --

Unincorporated Area

ALCORN CO. 6/16/1968 Thunderstorm Wind 0 kts. 0/0 $0







































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Property Damage*




Walnut 6/29/1994 Thunderstorm Wind 0 kts. 0/0 $80,512

WENASOGA 2/21/1997 Thunderstorm Wind -- 0/0 $7,434

ALCORN (ZONE) 4/3/1998 High Wind -- 0/0 $1,464

COLLINSTOWN 4/8/1998 Thunderstorm Wind -- 0/0 $1,464

COUNTYWIDE 6/5/1998 Thunderstorm Wind -- 0/0 $29,281

WENASOGA 5/5/1999 Thunderstorm Wind -- 0/0 $35,810


HINKLE 10/24/2001 Thunderstorm Wind -- 0/0 $13,475

HINKLE 11/24/2001 Thunderstorm Wind -- 0/0 $26,950


ALCORN (ZONE) 2/3/2003 Strong Wind 40 kts. EG 0/0 $6,485

COUNTYWIDE 7/21/2003 Thunderstorm Wind 50 kts. EG 0/0 $12,969

COUNTYWIDE 7/22/2003 Thunderstorm Wind 70 kts. EG 0/0 $129,695

LONE PINE 5/9/2006 Thunderstorm Wind 50 kts. EG 0/0 $11,837

STRICKLAND 4/3/2007 Thunderstorm Wind 50 kts. EG 0/0 $2,302

ALCORN (ZONE) 1/29/2008 High Wind 50 kts. EG 0/0 $33,251


BIGGERSVILLE 5/10/2008 Thunderstorm Wind 50 kts. EG 0/0 $13,301

THEO 7/10/2008 Thunderstorm Wind 50 kts. EG 0/0 $2,217


CORINTH TURNER ARPT 4/2/2009 Thunderstorm Wind 50 kts. EG 0/0 $0

THEO 5/6/2009 Thunderstorm Wind 50 kts. EG 0/0 $0

WENASOGA 6/15/2009 Thunderstorm Wind 50 kts. EG 0/0 $0


CORINTH TURNER ARPT 8/15/2010 Thunderstorm Wind 50 kts. EG 0/0 $0

STRICKLAND 4/27/2011 Thunderstorm Wind 50 kts. EG 0/0 $0

BIGGERSVILLE 5/13/2011 Thunderstorm Wind 50 kts. EG 0/0 $0

GIFT 1/22/2012 Thunderstorm Wind 50 kts. EG 0/0 $0


LONE PINE 6/11/2012 Thunderstorm Wind 50 kts. EG 0/0 $0

HINKLE 12/21/2013 Thunderstorm Wind 50 kts. MG 0/0 $0

WENASOGA 6/7/2014 Thunderstorm Wind 50 kts. EG 0/0 $0

ALLENTOWN 6/9/2014 Thunderstorm Wind 50 kts. EG 0/0 $0

*Property damage is reported in 2015 dollars; all damage may not have been reported. †E = estimated; EG = estimated gust; ES = estimated sustained; MG = measured gust; MS = measured sustained Source: National Climatic Data Center



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Hailstorm According to the National Climatic Data Center, 72 recorded hailstorm events have affected Alcorn County since 1974.17 Table A.19 is a summary of the hail events in Alcorn County. Table A.20 provides detailed information about each event that occurred in the county. In all, hail occurrences resulted in approximately $44,000 (2015 dollars) in property damages.18 Hail ranged in diameter from 0.75 inches to 3.0 inches. It should be noted that hail is notorious for causing substantial damage to cars, roofs, and other areas of the built environment that may not be reported to the National Climatic Data Center. Therefore, it is likely that damages are greater than the reported value.

TABLE A.19: SUMMARY OF HAIL OCCURRENCES IN ALCORN COUNTY

Location Number of



Corinth 35 0/0 $22,091

Farmington 0 0/0 $0

Glen 4 0/0 $1,017

Kossuth 2 0/0 $126

Rienzi 6 0/0 $6,082


ALCORN COUNTY TOTAL 72 0/0 $43,550 Source: National Climatic Data Center

TABLE A.20: HISTORICAL HAIL OCCURRENCES IN ALCORN COUNTY Location Date Magnitude Deaths / Injuries Property Damage*

Corinth

Corinth 7/13/1995 0.88 in. 0/0 $313

CORINTH 4/22/1996 0.88 in. 0/0 $76

CORINTH 1/17/1999 0.88 in. 0/0 $143

CORINTH 6/3/1999 0.75 in. 0/0 $14

CORINTH 2/13/2000 0.75 in. 0/0 $14

CORINTH 2/24/2001 1.75 in. 0/0 $1,011

CORINTH 4/15/2001 0.75 in. 0/0 $13

CORINTH 7/23/2002 0.75 in. 0/0 $13

CORINTH 5/1/2003 0.88 in. 0/0 $65

CORINTH 5/17/2003 0.75 in. 0/0 $13

CORINTH 7/6/2004 1.75 in. 0/0 $947

CORINTH 3/22/2005 0.75 in. 0/0 $12

CORINTH 3/22/2005 1.00 in. 0/0 $122

CORINTH 3/22/2005 0.75 in. 0/0 $12

CORINTH 3/22/2005 0.75 in. 0/0 $12

CORINTH 5/19/2005 0.88 in. 0/0 $61

CORINTH 8/6/2005 0.88 in. 0/0 $61

CORINTH 3/9/2006 0.88 in. 0/0 $59

17 These hail events are only inclusive of those reported by the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) from 1955 through April

2015. It is likely that additional hail events have affected Alcorn County. As additional local data becomes available, this hazard

profile will be amended. 18 Adjusted dollar values were calculated based on the average Consumer Price Index for a given calendar year. This index value




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Location Date Magnitude Deaths / Injuries Property Damage*

CORINTH 5/9/2006 0.75 in. 0/0 $1,184

CORINTH 5/9/2006 0.75 in. 0/0 $1,184

CORINTH 7/31/2006 0.75 in. 0/0 $1,184

CORINTH 4/13/2007 0.75 in. 0/0 $1,151

CORINTH 12/28/2007 0.88 in. 0/0 $2,302

CORINTH 1/10/2008 2.75 in. 0/0 $11,084

CORINTH 4/10/2009 1.75 in. 0/0 $0

CORINTH 3/25/2010 0.88 in. 0/0 $0

CORINTH 4/20/2011 1.00 in. 0/0 $0

CORINTH 6/15/2011 1.00 in. 0/0 $0

CORINTH 1/17/2012 1.00 in. 0/0 $1,039

CORINTH 3/31/2012 1.00 in. 0/0 $0

CORINTH 3/31/2012 1.75 in. 0/0 $0

CORINTH 3/31/2012 1.00 in. 0/0 $0

CORINTH 6/3/2012 0.88 in. 0/0 $0

CORINTH 6/7/2014 1.75 in. 0/0 $0

CORINTH 6/7/2014 2.50 in. 0/0 $0

Farmington


Glen

GLENS 5/28/1996 0.75 in. 0/0 $15

GLENS 6/3/1999 0.75 in. 0/0 $29

GLENS 7/4/2001 0.75 in. 0/0 $13

GLENS 10/18/2004 1.75 in. 0/0 $960

Kossuth

KOSSUTH 10/18/2004 1.00 in. 0/0 $126

KOSSUTH 4/9/2015 0.75 in. 0/0 $0

Rienzi

Rienzi 3/20/1995 0.75 in. 0/0 $0

Rienzi 3/20/1995 0.75 in. 0/0 $0

RIENZI 5/28/1996 0.75 in. 0/0 $15

RIENZI 4/21/1997 0.75 in. 0/0 $149

RIENZI 4/7/2006 1.75 in. 0/0 $5,919

RIENZI 3/26/2011 0.88 in. 0/0 $0

Unincorporated Area

ALCORN CO. 5/3/1974 0.75 in. 0/0 $0

ALCORN CO. 3/22/1975 1.00 in. 0/0 $0

ALCORN CO. 7/15/1977 1.75 in. 0/0 $0

ALCORN CO. 9/13/1977 1.75 in. 0/0 $0

ALCORN CO. 6/29/1979 3.00 in. 0/0 $0

ALCORN CO. 6/16/1980 1.75 in. 0/0 $0

ALCORN CO. 5/27/1982 1.75 in. 0/0 $0

ALCORN CO. 4/21/1984 2.00 in. 0/0 $0

ALCORN CO. 4/18/1988 1.75 in. 0/0 $0

ALCORN CO. 5/20/1989 2.00 in. 0/0 $0

ALCORN CO. 5/12/1992 1.25 in. 0/0 $0



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Location Date Magnitude Deaths / Injuries Property Damage*

ALCORN CO. 6/18/1992 1.00 in. 0/0 $0

WENASOGA 4/19/1997 0.75 in. 0/0 $149

COLLINSTOWN 4/8/1998 1.75 in. 0/0 $1,098

HINKLE 5/9/2000 0.75 in. 0/0 $14

SEARCY TOWN 11/8/2000 1.00 in. 0/0 $277

JACINTO 7/14/2004 1.25 in. 0/0 $316

GIFT 5/9/2006 0.88 in. 0/0 $2,959

HINKLE 5/2/2008 0.88 in. 0/0 $1,663

THEO 7/10/2008 1.00 in. 0/0 $2,217

BIGGERSVILLE 8/2/2008 1.75 in. 0/0 $5,542

HIGHTOWN 5/1/2009 0.75 in. 0/0 $0

WENASOGA 6/15/2009 0.75 in. 0/0 $0

THEO 4/27/2011 0.75 in. 0/0 $0

JONESTOWN 3/31/2012 0.88 in. 0/0 $0


Lightning According to the National Climatic Data Center, there have been six recorded lightning events in Alcorn County since 1997.19 These events resulted in almost $105,000 (2015 dollars) in damages, as listed in summary Table A.21.20 Furthermore, lightning caused one injury in Alcorn County. Detailed information on historical lightning events can be found in Table A.22. It is certain that more than six events have impacted the county. Many of the reported events are those that cause damage, and it should be expected that damages are likely much higher for this hazard than what is reported.

TABLE A.21: SUMMARY OF LIGHTNING OCCURRENCES IN ALCORN COUNTY

Location Number of



Corinth 3 0/1 $19,271

Farmington 0 0/0 $0

Glen 1 0/0 $18,950

Kossuth 1 0/0 $61,095

Rienzi 0 0/0 $0


ALCORN COUNTY TOTAL 6 0/1 $104,858


19 These lightning events are only inclusive of those reported by the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) from 1996 through

April 2015. It is certain that additional lightning events have occurred in Alcorn County. As additional local data becomes

available, this hazard profile will be amended. 20 Adjusted dollar values were calculated based on the average Consumer Price Index for a given calendar year. This index value




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TABLE A.22: HISTORICAL LIGHTNING OCCURRENCES IN ALCORN COUNTY

Location Date Deaths / Injuries

Property Damage*

Details

Corinth CORINTH 5/27/1997 0/0 $7,434 A house was damaged by a fire started by lightning.

CORINTH 5/5/1999 0/1 $0 One man was injured when he was struck by lightning.

CORINTH 7/31/2006 0/0 $11,837

Lightning struck a shed and a barn in Corinth around 2 pm, starting fires to both buildings. The barns housed construction materials and equipment. Firemen were able to save the lower level of the barn.

Farmington


Glen

GLENS 10/11/2004 0/0 $18,950 A house was damaged by a fire started by lightning.

Kossuth

KOSSUTH 9/21/2005 0/0 $61,095 A church was destroyed by a fire started by lightning.

Rienzi


Unincorporated Area THEO 7/10/2008 0/0 $5,542 Lightning struck a building in Theo.


PROBABILITY OF FUTURE OCCURRENCES Thunderstorm / High Wind Given the high number of previous events, it is certain that thunderstorm events, including straight-line wind events, will occur in the future. This results in a probability level of highly likely (100 percent annual probability) for the entire county. Hailstorm Based on historical occurrence information, it is assumed that the probability of future hail occurrences is highly likely (100 percent annual probability). Since hail is an atmospheric hazard, it is assumed that Alcorn County has equal exposure to this hazard. It can be expected that future hail events will continue to cause minor damage to property and vehicles throughout the county. Lightning Although there was not a high number of historical lightning events reported in Alcorn County via NCDC data, it is a regular occurrence accompanied by thunderstorms. In fact, lightning events will assuredly happen on an annual basis, though not all events will cause damage. According to Vaisala’s U.S. National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN), Alcorn County is located in an area of the country that experienced an average of 6 to 8 lightning flashes per square kilometer per year between 1997 and 2010. Therefore, the probability of future events is highly likely (100 percent annual probability). It can be expected that future lightning events will continue to threaten life and cause minor property damages throughout the county.



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A.2.13 Tornado

LOCATION AND SPATIAL EXTENT Tornadoes occur throughout the state of Mississippi, and thus in Alcorn County. Tornadoes typically impact a relatively small area, but damage may be extensive. Event locations are completely random and it is not possible to predict specific areas that are more susceptible to tornado strikes over time. Therefore, it is assumed that Alcorn County is uniformly exposed to this hazard. With that in mind, Figure A.11 shows tornado track data for many of the major tornado events that have impacted the county. While no definitive pattern emerges from this data, some areas that have been impacted in the past may be potentially more susceptible in the future.

FIGURE A.11: HISTORICAL TORNADO TRACKS IN ALCORN COUNTY

Source: National Weather Service Storm Prediction Center



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HISTORICAL OCCURRENCES Tornadoes were at least partially responsible for six disaster declarations in Alcorn County in 1973, 1990, 1991, 2001, 2010, and 2011.21 According to the National Climatic Data Center, there have been a total of 19 recorded tornado events in Alcorn County since 1953 (Table A.23), resulting in over $21.9 million (2015 dollars) in property damages.22 23 In addition, 4 fatalities and 91 injuries were reported. The magnitude of these tornadoes ranges from F0 to F4 and EF0 to EF1 in intensity, although an EF5 event is possible. Detailed information on historic tornado events can be found in Table A.24.

TABLE A.23: SUMMARY OF TORNADO OCCURRENCES IN ALCORN COUNTY

Location Number of



Corinth 2 0/0 $108,727

Farmington 0 0/0 $0

Glen 0 0/0 $0

Kossuth 0 0/0 $0

Rienzi 2 0/0 $133,800

Unincorporated Area 15 4/91 $21,675,054

ALCORN COUNTY TOTAL 19 4/91 $21,917,581


TABLE A.24: HISTORICAL TORNADO IMPACTS IN ALCORN COUNTY

Location Date Magnitude Deaths / Injuries

Property Damage*

Details

Corinth

CORINTH 1/22/1999 F1 0/0 $107,430

The tornado started on the south side of Corinth and moved northeast. Thirty-one business and several homes were damaged. A metal building was heavily damaged. Some large trees were knocked down.

CORINTH 5/5/2003 F0 0/0 $1,297 A tornado briefly touched down near Corinth producing little damage.

Farmington


Glen


Kossuth


Rienzi

21 A complete listing of historical disaster declarations can be found in Section 4: Hazard Identification. 22 These tornado events are only inclusive of those reported by the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) from 1950 through

April 2015. It is likely that additional tornadoes have occurred in Alcorn County. As additional local data becomes available, this

hazard profile will be amended. 23 Adjusted dollar values were calculated based on the average Consumer Price Index for a given calendar year. This index value




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Property Damage*

Details

RIENZI 5/2/2008 EF1 0/0 $27,710

A tornado tracked from Northwest Prentiss County into Alcorn county near the town of Rienzi. In Alcorn county one house had roof damage while another house suffered siding damage and a couple of columns had to be replaced. Numerous trees were also knocked down. The tornado lifted about 2 miles east-northeast of Rienzi.

RIENZI 4/27/2011 EF0 0/0 $106,090

A weak tornado briefly touched down along Highway 356, east of Rienzi, and moved northeast. Minor damage occurred to a few homes. Several trees were knocked down as well. The tornado lifted near County Road 430.

Unincorporated Area

ALCORN CO. 5/4/1953 F2 0/0 $223,444 --

ALCORN CO. 4/28/1954 F1 0/0 $22,178 --

ALCORN CO. 4/28/1954 -- 0/0 $22,178 --

ALCORN CO. 2/17/1956 F1 0/0 $0 --

ALCORN CO. 3/17/1965 F2 0/0 $189,395 --

ALCORN CO. 11/10/1966 F3 0/4 $1,841,343

Small tornado near Corinth destroyed two homes and a house trailer and damaged power lines, trees, and several other homes. Four people received minor injuries.

ALCORN CO. 4/19/1970 F4 4/78 $15,376,160 --

ALCORN CO. 5/24/1971 F3 0/5 $1,473,074

A tenant house was leveled on second dip and contents strewn for hundreds of yards into a nearby cotton field; 5 or 6 occupants, age 29 to 68 years, received multiple abrasions, lacerations and bruises. Uninjured man reported one man pinned under timber from house and shoe blown off foot but it was still tied to foot, and 2 persons were blown out into field. A 2-ton truck as overturned and blown 50 yards, 2 other automobiles damage; 2 barns, including a newly constructed farrowing barn, were destroyed; other farm equipment and 2 barns were damaged; several roofs damaged at nearby houses. Newspaper headline, "Damage Tops $50,000." Civil Defense Director reported length of damage path as 1/4 mile at Wheeler Grove and width 100 yards. The tornado skipped to 5 NE Corinth (lat. 35.0 ⁰N, long. 88.4⁰ W) where there was a momentary touchdown on Highway 354 near the Shiloh Road intersection; tree blown across highway and power lines downed.

ALCORN CO. 5/27/1973 F1 0/0 $134,368 A tornado touched down briefly and destroyed one barn and uprooted building.

ALCORN CO. 11/27/1973 F2 0/0 $1,343,682 --

ALCORN CO. 4/8/1980 F2 0/0 $724,023 --

ALCORN CO. 5/20/1989 F0 0/0 $0 A tornado touched down briefly, but caused no damage.

ALCORN CO. 6/12/1989 F1 0/0 $48,113 --



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Property Damage*

Details

KENDRICK 2/18/2000 F0 0/0 $0 A tornado briefly touched down producing little damage.

LONE PINE 2/5/2008 EF1 0/4 $277,096

The tornado touched down in the community of Union Center about four miles west of the town of Theo. Much of the damaged occurred along County Road 654A. Six mobile homes were hit with two destroyed and two heavily damaged. Four injuries occurred in the mobile home that was destroyed. Several vehicles and a RV was tossed about as well. Numerous trees were knocked down in the vicinity. The tornado then tracked northeast across U.S. Highway 72 and struck three houses near Chapman's Restaurant. The Bethlehem Baptist Church sustained roof damage and the nearby cemetery was damaged. The tornado was rated EF-1 with wind speeds estimated around 100 mph and a width of 100 yards.


From April 25 to 28, 2011, the largest tornado outbreak ever recorded affected the Southern, Midwestern, and Northeastern U.S., leaving catastrophic destruction in its wake, especially across the states of Alabama and Mississippi. During this outbreak, one EF0 tornado was reported in Alcorn County on April 27, 2011. This tornado resulted in over $106,000 (2015 dollars) in property damages.

PROBABILITY OF FUTURE OCCURRENCES According to historical information, tornado events pose a significant threat to Alcorn County. The probability of future tornado occurrences affecting Alcorn County is likely (between 50 and 100 percent annual probability).

A.2.14 Hazardous Materials Incidents

LOCATION AND SPATIAL EXTENT Alcorn County has three TRI sites. These sites are shown in Figure A.12.



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FIGURE A.12: TOXIC RELEASE INVENTORY (TRI) SITES IN ALCORN COUNTY

Source: Environmental Protection Agency

In additional to “fixed” hazardous materials locations, hazardous materials may also impact the county via roadways and rail. Many roads in the county are subject to hazardous materials transport and all roads that permit hazardous material transport are considered potentially at risk to an incident.

HISTORICAL OCCURRENCES There have been a total of 37 recorded HAZMAT incidents in Alcorn County since 1971 (Table A.25). These events resulted in over $17,000 (2015 dollars) in property damage.24 Table A.26 presents detailed information on historic HAZMAT incidents in Alcorn County as reported by the U.S. Department of Transportation Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA).

TABLE A.25: SUMMARY OF HAZMAT INCIDENTS IN ALCORN COUNTY

Location Number of



Corinth 35 0/0 $17,240

24 Adjusted dollar values were calculated based on the average Consumer Price Index for a given calendar year. This index value




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Location Number of



Farmington 0 0/0 $0

Glen 0 0/0 $0

Kossuth 1 0/0 $0

Rienzi 1 0/0 $0

Unincorporated Area 0 0/0 $0

ALCORN COUNTY TOTAL 37 0/0 $17,240 Source: United States Department of Transportation Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration

TABLE A.26: HAZMAT INCIDENTS IN ALCORN COUNTY Report

Number Date City Mode

Serious Incident?

Fatalities/ Injuries

Damages ($)*

Quantity Released

Corinth

I-1974070385 1/25/1974 CORINTH Highway No 0/0 $0 0

I-1978061926 6/4/1978 CORINTH Highway No 0/0 $0 66 LGA



I-1985030080 1/30/1985 CORINTH Rail No 0/0 $0 0

I-1986020110 2/4/1986 CORINTH Rail No 0/0 $0 50 LGA

I-1987030171 1/31/1987 CORINTH Rail Yes 0/0 $0 4,000 LGA

I-1987030171 1/31/1987 CORINTH Rail Yes 0/0 $0 20,983.5 LGA

I-1987030171 1/31/1987 CORINTH Rail Yes 0/0 $0 22,318.75 LGA



I-1987090375 8/15/1987 CORINTH Highway Yes 0/0 $0 200 LGA



I-1990060630 6/5/1990 CORINTH Highway No 0/0 $183 5 LGA SLB

I-1990100295 9/12/1990 CORINTH Rail Yes 0/0 $5,016 40,100 LGA

I-1990100490 10/3/1990 CORINTH Rail No 0/0 $0 0.5 LGA



I-1996010406 12/19/1995 CORINTH Highway No 0/0 $5 0.0625 LGA













I-2006050266 4/6/2006 CORINTH Highway No 0/0 $1,776 3 LGA



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Report Number

Date City Mode Serious

Incident? Fatalities/

Injuries Damages

($)* Quantity Released

I-2010080344 8/12/2010 CORINTH Air No 0/0 $0 0

E-2012070212 6/9/2012 CORINTH Highway Yes 0/0 $9,458 120 LGA

Farmington None Reported -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Glen

None Reported -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Kossuth I-1971040096 3/19/1971 KOSSUTH Highway No 0/0 $0 0

Rienzi

I-1984120225 11/30/1984 RIENZI Highway Yes 0/0 $0 334 LGA

Unincorporated Area

None Reported -- -- -- -- -- -- --

*Property damage is reported in 2015 dollars; all damage may not have been reported. Source: United States Department of Transportation Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration

PROBABILITY OF FUTURE OCCURRENCES Given the location of three toxic release inventory sites in Alcorn County and prior roadway, railway, and air incidents, it is likely (between 50 and 100 percent annual probability) that a hazardous material incident may occur in the county. County and town officials are mindful of this possibility and take precautions to prevent such an event from occurring. Furthermore, there are detailed plans in place to respond to an occurrence.

A.2.15 Pipelines

LOCATION AND SPATIAL EXTENT Pipeline impacts can vary when it comes to people and the environment, ranging from personal injuries such as inhalation of toxins to ecological damage and water contamination. Pipeline incidents can affect local and regional economies resulting in potential shortages and/or increases in energy costs. A vulnerability assessment of pipeline impacts greatly depends on various factors such as location, severity of incident, environmental factors, proximity to waterways, and infrastructure operation. However, as mentioned above, due to the unavailability of precise location data for pipelines across the county, a thorough analysis of pipeline incidents was not carried out in this plan. Figure A.13 illustrates the location of several types of pipeline infrastructure including gas transmission lines, hazardous liquid lines, liquefied natural gas (LNG) plants, and breakout tanks in Alcorn County.



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FIGURE A.13: PIPELINES IN ALCORN COUNTY

Source: United States Department of Transportation Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration

HISTORICAL OCCURRENCES Pipeline accidents can originate in a number of different ways. According to the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA), some of the most prominent causes of pipeline accidents include: corrosion, excavation damage, incorrect operation, material/weld/equipment failure, natural force damage, and other outside force damage.25 Table A.27 and Table A.28 describe incidents caused by natural forces for liquid and gas pipelines throughout the United States from 2004 to 2013. Although these tables only include incidents that resulted from natural causes, the percentage values reflect the percent based on incidents of all types, not just those from natural causes.

25 United States Department of Transportation Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, 2015. Hazard Mitigation

Planning: Practices for Land Use Planning and Development near Pipelines.



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TABLE A.27: HAZARDOUS LIQUID PIPELINE INCIDENTS CAUSED BY NATURAL FORCES (2004-2013)

Reported Cause of Incident

# of Incidents

% of all Incidents

Fatalities Injuries Property Damage

% of Property Damage from All Incidents &

Causes Temperature 54 1.5% 0 0 $9,087,167 0.3%

Unspecified Natural Force Damage

35 0.9% 0 0 $326,397 0.0%

Heavy Rains/Floods 31 0.8% 0 0 $205,421,552 8.2%

High Winds 30 0.8% 0 0 $244,985,232 9.8%

Lightning 20 0.5% 0 0 $42,889,182 1.7%

Earth Movement 19 0.5% 0 0 $62,829,034 2.5%

Other Natural Force Damage

4 0.1% 0 0 $581,732 0.0%

Sub Total 193 5.3% 0 0 $566,120,296 22.7%

Source: United States Department of Transportation Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, 2015. Hazard Mitigation Planning: Practices for Land Use Planning and Development near Pipelines.

TABLE A.28: HAZARDOUS GAS PIPELINE INCIDENTS CAUSED BY NATURAL FORCES (2004-2013)

Reported Cause of Incident

# of Incidents

% of all Incidents

Fatalities Injuries Property Damage

% of Property Damage from All Incidents &

Causes Heavy Rains/Floods 90 7.7% 0 0 $280,235,208 20.5%

Earth Movement 23 1.9% 0 0 $13,424,896 0.9%

Lightning 17 1.4% 0 0 $1,901,676 0.1%

High Winds 14 1.2% 0 0 $108,472,981 7.9%

Temperature 10 0.8% 0 0 $752,059 0.0%

Other Natural Force Damage

5 0.4% 0 0 $4,840,820 0.3%

Sub Total 159 13.6% 0 0 $409,627,640 30.0%

Source: United States Department of Transportation Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, 2015. Hazard Mitigation Planning: Practices for Land Use Planning and Development near Pipelines.

PROBABILITY OF FUTURE OCCURRENCES Given that there have been some occurrences of pipeline incidents in the United States, the probability of future occurrences in Alcorn County is possible (between 1 and 50 percent annual probability).



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A.2.16 Water Supply / System Failure

LOCATION AND SPATIAL EXTENT This type of hazard could occur anywhere that water supply lines run which encompasses many areas of the county. Most of the incorporated jurisdictions have many water supply lines running throughout their jurisdictional boundaries, so the extent of this type of hazard is large.

HISTORICAL OCCURRENCES Although there have not been any major instances of water supply system failure in the county, there have been some small scale incidents and it should be noted that there have been many drought incidents (recorded in an earlier section) which would have similar impacts in terms of supply shortage, although these impacts would be much easier to recognize in advance of serious issues than the impacts from a system failure.

PROBABILITY OF FUTURE OCCURRENCES Based on the limited number of incidents of water supply failure that have occurred historically, the likelihood of this hazard is considered possible (between 1 and 50 percent annual probability).

A.2.17 Active Shooter

LOCATION AND SPATIAL EXTENT The exact location and spatial extent of an active shooter could be throughout the county, though there is a higher likelihood this type of event will occur in a public place with relatively high volumes of people present.

HISTORICAL OCCURRENCES Although there have not been any active shooter incidents to make national news within Alcorn County, there have been some incidents around the state of Mississippi that indicate this type of incident could occur within the county. Most recently in August of 2015, a suspect was taken in to custody on the Mississippi State University campus in Starkville.26 There were no fatalities or injuries, but this incident reveals that there is some threat to local universities and schools of an active shooter and this type of event would be difficult to predict.

PROBABILITY OF FUTURE OCCURRENCES Although there have not been any major active shooter incidents in the county, there have been some incidents in other areas of the United States. Therefore the likelihood of this type of incident is considered possible (between 1 and 50 percent annual probability).

26 Mosendz, Polly. Suspect in Custody After Active Shooter Incident Reported at Mississippi State University. Newsweek.

http://www.newsweek.com/report-active-shooter-mississippi-state-university-campus-366246



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A.2.18 Civil Unrest

LOCATION AND SPATIAL EXTENT Civil disturbance or unrest can occur in any location in the county but is more likely to take place in or near prominent locations such as government buildings or significant landmarks.

HISTORICAL OCCURRENCES In Alcorn County, there have not been any major instances of civil unrest in many years, though it should be noted that the constantly changing political and social climate is difficult to predict and often changes occur rapidly and without much warning. This has happened in other areas of the country and local officials have had to respond quickly to these types of incidents.

PROBABILITY OF FUTURE OCCURRENCES Civil unrest has occurred occasionally within the county, although there have not been any major incidents in the past several years so the likelihood of this type of incident is considered possible (between 1 and 50 percent annual probability).

A.2.19 Cyberterrorism

LOCATION AND SPATIAL EXTENT Cyber-attacks could occur anywhere within Alcorn County and, indeed, could originate from outside of the county while still having an impact on it.

HISTORICAL OCCURRENCES There have not been any large-scale cyber-terrorism attempts or attacks in county, but there have been attacks in other areas of the United States including recent attacks on the banking institutions such as JP Morgan in late 2015.

PROBABILITY OF FUTURE OCCURRENCES Cyberterrorism has generally not occurred within Alcorn County historically, but the issue is becoming much larger and incidents that occur outside of the county may still have impacts inside of it. Therefore, likelihood of this type of incident is considered possible (between 1 and 50 percent annual probability).

A.2.20 Human Trafficking

LOCATION AND SPATIAL EXTENT While unfortunate, human trafficking is likely happening throughout the county and there is no definitive boundary to define the areas in which it is most likely to occur.



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HISTORICAL OCCURRENCES There have been many incidents of human trafficking in the state, though this type of incident occurs in a covert manner and so many incidents are not reported and the problem is much larger than most people understand.

PROBABILITY OF FUTURE OCCURRENCES Although it is difficult to account for and to determine because it is covert by nature, this type of incident occurs often and the future threat to the county is considered to remain likely (between 50 and 100 percent annual probability).

A.2.21 Pandemic

LOCATION AND SPATIAL EXTENT Pandemics are global in nature. However, they may start anywhere. Alcorn County chose to analyze this hazard given the agriculture in the area and potential for this kind of event to occur in any location at any time. All populations should be considered at risk to pandemic. Buildings and infrastructure are not directly impacted by the virus/pathogen but could be indirectly impacted if people are not able to operate and maintain them due to illness. Many buildings may be shutdown, at least temporarily, as a result. Employers may initiate work from home procedures for non-essential workers in order to help stop infection. Commerce activities, and thus the economy, may suffer greatly during this time.

HISTORICAL OCCURRENCES Several pandemics have been reported throughout history. A short history of the flu/Spanish Flu was collected from The Historical Text Archive and is described below. 27 The first known pandemic dates back to 430 B.C. with the Plague of Athens. It reportedly killed a quarter of the population over four years due to typhoid fever. In 165-180 A.D., the Antonine Plague killed nearly 5 million people. Next, the Plague of Justinian (the first bubonic plague pandemic) occurred from 541 to 566. It killed 10,000 people a day at its peak and resulted in a 50 percent drop in Europe’s population. Since the 1500s, influenza pandemics have occurred about three times every century or roughly every 10-50 years. The Black Death devastated European populations in the 14th century. Nearly a third of the population (20-30 million) was killed over six years. From 1817 to present, seven Cholera Pandemics have impacted to the world and killed millions. Perhaps most severe, was the Third Cholera Pandemic (1852-1959) which started in China. Isolated cases can still be found in the Western U.S. today. There were three major pandemics in the 20th century (1918-1919, 1957-1958, and 1968-1969). The most infamous pandemic flu of the 20th century, however, was that of 1918-1919. Since the 1960s, there has only been one pandemic, the 2009 H1N1 influenza. The pandemics of the 20th and 21st centuries that impacted the United States are detailed below. 27 http://historicaltextarchive.com/sections.php?action=read&artid=773



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1918 Spanish Flu: This was the most devastating flu of the 20th century. This pandemic spread across the world in three waves between 1918 and 1919. It typically impacted areas for around twelve weeks and then would largely disappear. However, it would frequently reemerge several months later. Worldwide, approximately 50 million persons died and over a quarter of the population was infected. Nearly 675,000 people died in the United States. The illness came on suddenly and could cause death within a few hours. The virus impacted those aged 15 to 35 especially hard. The movement of troops during World War I is thought to have facilitated the spread of the virus. In Mississippi, state officials noted that "epidemics have been reported from a number of places in the State," on October 4th, 1918. By the 18th, twenty-six localities reported 1,934 cases (the real number of cases was likely much higher). West Point, Mississippi was hit especially hard and quarantine was established. Throughout the state, African Americans were impacted at a greater rate than white populations. This is thought to be partly caused from a shortage of caretakers. It is estimated that over 6,000 people died in Mississippi, though that number may be much higher as death records were not widely recorded. 1957 Asian Flu: It is estimated that the Asian Flu caused 2 million deaths worldwide. Approximately 70,000 deaths were in the U.S. However, the proportion of people impacted was substantially higher than that of the Spanish Flu. This flu was characterized as having much milder effects than the Spanish Flu and greater survivability. Similar to other pandemics, this pandemic has two waves. Elderly and infant populations were more likely to succumb to death. This flu is thought to have originated from a genetic mutation of a bird virus. 1968 Hong Kong Flu: The Hong Kong Flu is thought to have caused one million deaths worldwide. It was milder than both the Asian and Spanish influenza viruses. It was similar to the Asian Flu, which may have provided some immunity to the virus. It had the most severe impact on elderly populations. 2009 H1N1 Influenza: This flu was derived from human, swine, and avian virus strains. It was initially reported in Mexico in April 2009. On April 26, the U.S. government declared H1N1 a public health emergency. A vaccine was developed and over 80 million were vaccinated which helped minimize the impacts. The virus had mild impacts on most of the population but did cause death (usually from viral pneumonia) in high risk populations such as pregnant women, obese persons, indigenous people, and those with chronic respiratory, cardiac, neurological, or immunity conditions. Worldwide, it is estimated that 43 million to 89 million people contracted H1N1 between April 2009 and April 2010, and between 8,870 and 18,300 H1N1 cases resulted in death. In addition to the pandemics above, there have been several cases of pandemic threats, some of which reached epidemic levels. They were contained before spreading globally. Examples include Smallpox, Polio, Tuberculosis, Malaria, AIDS, SARS and Yellow Fever. Advances in medicine and technology have been instrumental in containing the spread of viruses in recent history. It is notable that no birds have been infected with Avian Flu in North and South America.

PROBABILITY OF FUTURE OCCURRENCES Based on historical occurrence information, it is assumed that all of Alcorn County has a probability level of unlikely (less than 1 percent annual probability) for future pandemics events. While pandemic can have devastating impacts, they are relatively rare.



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The Mississippi State Department of Health maintains a state pandemic plan which can be found here: http://www.msdh.state.ms.us/msdhsite/index.cfm/44,1136,122,154,pdf/SNSPlan.pdf

A.2.22 Terror Threat

LOCATION AND SPATIAL EXTENT A terror threat could potentially occur at any location in the county. However, the very definition of a terrorist event indicates that it is most likely to be targeted at a critical or symbolic resource/location/event. Ensuring and protecting the continuity of critical infrastructure and key resources (CIKR) of the United States is essential to the Nation’s security, public health and safety, economic vitality, and way of life. CIKR includes physical and/or virtual systems or assets that, if damaged, would have a detrimental impact on national security, including large-scale human casualties, property destruction, economic disruption, and significant damage to morale and public confidence. Table A.29 lists the U.S. Department of Homeland Security’s (DHS) identified main critical infrastructure sectors.

TABLE A.29: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS Agriculture and Food

Banking and Finance

Chemical

Commercial Facilities

Communications

Critical Manufacturing

Dams

Defense Industrial Base

Emergency Services

Energy

Government Facilities

Healthcare and Public Health

Information Technology

National Monuments and Icons

Nuclear Reactors, Materials, and Waste

Postal and Shipping

Transportation Systems

Water

HISTORICAL OCCURRENCES Perhaps the most notable terrorist incident in recent memory was the attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon on September 11, 2001. These events resulted in more than an estimated 3,000 deaths and caused destruction of many buildings including both of the World Trade Center buildings. Prior to this, in 1995, the bombing of the federal office building in Oklahoma City was one of the most devastating attacks on U.S. soil, causing more than 150 deaths and damage to more than 200 buildings. Although there have been no recorded incidents of a major terror attack occurring in the county, there have been several instances where attacks were thwarted or discovered in advance. These kinds of events are indicative of the fact that future terror threats could impact the county. Additionally, it is possible that locally-targeted terrorist incidents could occur in the future and there are several facilities/events in the county that could be potential targets.

http://www.msdh.state.ms.us/msdhsite/index.cfm/44,1136,122,154,pdf/SNSPlan.pdf



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PROBABILITY OF FUTURE OCCURRENCES The county has had no recorded major terrorist events. However, given the historic attempts to carry out attacks that were thwarted and the existence of government complexes, notable structures, and significant landmarks, there is a possibility that a terrorist incident might occur. Due to few recorded incidents against the county, the probability of future occurrences of a terrorist attack is unlikely (less than 1 percent annual probability).

A.2.23 Conclusions on Hazard Risk The hazard profiles presented in this subsection were developed using best available data and result in what may be considered principally a qualitative assessment as recommended by FEMA in its “How-to” guidance document titled Understanding Your Risks: Identifying Hazards and Estimating Losses (FEMA Publication 386-2). It relies heavily on historical and anecdotal data, stakeholder input, and professional and experienced judgment regarding observed and/or anticipated hazard impacts. It also carefully considers the findings in other relevant plans, studies, and technical reports.

HAZARD EXTENT Table A.30 describes the extent of each natural hazard identified for Alcorn County. The extent of a hazard is defined as its severity or magnitude, as it relates to the planning area.

TABLE A.30: EXTENT OF ALCORN COUNTY HAZARDS Flood-related Hazards

Flood

Flood extent can be measured by the amount of land and property in the floodplain as well as flood height and velocity. The amount of land in the floodplain accounts for 18.4 percent of the total land area in Alcorn County. Flood depth and velocity are recorded via United States Geological Survey stream gages throughout the region. While a gage does not exist for each participating jurisdiction, there is one at or near many areas. The greatest peak discharge recorded for the county was at the Tuscumbia River Canal near Corinth in 1973. Water reached a discharge of 30,300 cubic feet per second and the stream gage height was recorded at 15.72 feet.

Erosion The extent of erosion can be defined by the measurable rate of erosion that occurs. There are no erosion rate records located in Alcorn County.

Dam and Levee Failure Dam Failure extent is defined using the Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality criteria (Table 5.7). One dam is classified as high-hazard in Alcorn County.

Winter Storm and Freeze

The extent of winter storms can be measured by the amount of snowfall received (in inches). Official long term snow records are not kept for any areas in Alcorn County. However, the greatest snowfall reported in Meridian (south of the county) was 14.0 inches in 1963.



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Fire-related Hazards

Drought / Heat Wave

Drought extent is defined by the U.S. Drought Monitor Classifications which include Abnormally Dry, Moderate Drought, Severe Drought, Extreme Drought, and Exceptional Drought. According to the U.S. Drought Monitor Classifications, the most severe drought condition is Exceptional. Alcorn County has received this ranking twice over the 15-year reporting period. The extent of extreme heat can be measured by the record high temperature recorded. Official long term temperature records are not kept for any areas in Alcorn County. However, the highest recorded temperature in Greenwood (southwest of the county) was 106°F in 2007 and in Meridian (south of the county) was 107°F in 1980.

Wildfire

Wildfire data was provided by the Mississippi Forestry Commission and is reported annually by county from 2005-2014. The greatest number of fires to occur in Alcorn County in any year 82 in 2007. The greatest number of acres to burn in the county in a single year occurred in 2007 when 1,339 acres were burned. Although this data lists the extent that has occurred, larger and more frequent wildfires are possible throughout the county.

Geologic Hazards

Earthquake

Earthquake extent can be measured by the Richter Scale (Table 5.16), the Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) scale (Table 5.17), and the distance of the epicenter from Alcorn County. According to data provided by the National Geophysical Data Center, the greatest earthquake to impact the county was reported in Rienzi with a MMI of V (slightly strong), a correlating Richter Scale measurement of approximately 4.9, and 199 km away from the epicenter.

Expansive Soils

Expansive Soils can have large scale impacts depending on the nature of the soil and the soil conditions (wet vs. dry). Expansive soil extent is difficult to quantify, but it is possible that the volume of soil could increase by as much as 50% saturation.

Landslide

As noted above in the landslide profile, there is no extensive history of landslides in Alcorn County and landslide events typically occur in isolated areas. This provides a challenge when trying to determine an accurate extent for the landslide hazard. However, when using USGS landslide susceptibility index, extent can be measured with incidence, which is low throughout the county. There is also low susceptibility throughout the county.

Land Subsidence / Sinkhole

The extent of land subsidence can be defined by the measurable rate of subsidence that occurs. There are no subsidence rate records located in Alcorn County nor is there any significant historical record of events. The largest potential event might be as a large as 10,000 cubic yards.

Wind-related Hazards

Hurricane and Tropical Storm

Hurricane extent is defined by the Saffir-Simpson Scale which classifies hurricanes into Category 1 through Category 5 (Table 5.20). The greatest classification of hurricane to traverse directly through Alcorn County was Hurricane Audrey which carried tropical force winds of 35 knots upon arrival in the county.



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Thunderstorm / Hail / Lightning

Thunderstorm extent is defined by the number of thunder events and wind speeds reported. According to a 65-year history from the National Climatic Data Center, the strongest recorded wind event in Alcorn County was last reported on December 21, 2013 at 70 knots (approximately 81 mph). It should be noted that future events may exceed these historical occurrences. Hail extent can be defined by the size of the hail stone. The largest hail stone reported in Alcorn County was 3.0 inches (reported on June 29, 1979). It should be noted that future events may exceed this. According to the Vaisala’s flash density map (Figure 5.26), Alcorn County is located in an area that experiences 6 to 8 lightning flashes per square kilometer per year. It should be noted that future lightning occurrences may exceed these figures.

Tornado

Tornado hazard extent is measured by tornado occurrences in the US provided by FEMA (Figure 5.27) as well as the Fujita/Enhanced Fujita Scale (Tables 5.28 and 5.29). The greatest magnitude reported in Alcorn County was an F4 (reported on April 19, 1970).

Other Hazards

Hazardous Materials Incident

According to USDOT PHMSA, the largest hazardous materials incident reported in the Alcorn County was 40,100 SLB released on the railway (reported on September 12, 1990). It should be noted that larger events are possible.

Pipelines

A pipeline failure could be caused in several different ways. If an explosion or fire were the cause of the incident, the impacts might include fatalities or injuries as well as loss of a fuel source and damage to personal property. However, the impacts could also be less fatal in which case the more immediate effects might be down time for services and significant price hikes for consumers.

Water Supply / System Failure

There are many impacts that would occur as a result of water system failure. Among other impacts, residents might lose water supply, medical equipment and operations may not be able to be carried out, and access to clean water will be limited for business operations. These failures could potentially leave many homes and businesses without water service.

Active Shooter The potential impacts of an active shooter might be that there are fatalities or significant injuries to members of the public. Additionally, there would likely be a negative impact on the community emotionally.

Civil Unrest

Often one of the greatest impacts from civil unrest is collateral damage to people and property. During civil unrest, property can be destroyed or stolen and citizens can be injured due to violence that erupts. First responders may also be targeted and many times are more likely to be injured as a result of civil unrest than the average citizen.

Cyberterrorism

While there is seldom physical damage inflicted from a cyberterrorism event, the effects of such an event are often damaging in other ways. For example, theft, denial of service attacks, and dissemination of misinformation can all result from a cyberterror event. Moreover, these events are often aimed at shutting down IT systems which can result in loss of productivity and damage to IT infrastructure.

Human Trafficking

There is a significant emotional and physical toll on victims of human trafficking and this extends to their families and communities as well. This can cause long-term impacts on communities that are affected and has an overall negative impact on our culture.



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Pandemic The extent of a pandemic impacting the county is difficult to estimate. It could result in thousands of deaths and extreme disruption of commerce and everyday life.

Terror Threat Although there is a low probability of one these events, if one were to take place, the magnitude of the event could range on the scale of critical damage with many fatalities and injuries to the population.

PRIORITY RISK INDEX RESULTS In order to draw some meaningful planning conclusions on hazard risk for Alcorn County, the results of the hazard profiling process were used to generate countywide hazard classifications according to a “Priority Risk Index” (PRI). More information on the PRI and how it was calculated can be found in Section 5.25.2. Table A.31 summarizes the degree of risk assigned to each category for all initially identified hazards based on the application of the PRI. Assigned risk levels were based on the detailed hazard profiles developed for this subsection, as well as input from the Regional Hazard Mitigation Council. The results were then used in calculating PRI values and making final determinations for the risk assessment.

TABLE A.31: SUMMARY OF PRI RESULTS FOR ALCORN COUNTY

Hazard

Category/Degree of Risk

Probability Impact Spatial Extent Warning Time Duration PRI

Score

Flood-related Hazards

Flood Likely Limited Moderate 6 to 12 hours Less than 24 hours 2.6

Erosion Likely Minor Moderate More than 24 hours More than 1 week 2.3

Dam Failure and Levee Failure Unlikely Critical Small Less than 6 hours Less than 6 hours 2.1

Winter Storm and Freeze Likely Limited Moderate More than 24 hours Less than 1 week 2.5


Drought / Heat Wave Likely Minor Large More than 24 hours More than 1 week 2.5

Wildfire Highly Likely Minor Small Less than 6 hours Less than 1 week 2.6

Geologic Hazards

Earthquake Possible Critical Large Less than 6 hours Less than 6 hours 2.8

Expansive Soils Likely Minor Small More than 24 hours More than 1 week 2.1

Landslide Unlikely Minor Small Less than 6 hours Less than 6 hours 1.5

Land Subsidence / Sinkhole Possible Minor Small Less than 6 hours More than 1 week 2.1


Hurricane and Tropical Storm Possible Limited Large More than 24 hours Less than 24 hours 2.3

Thunderstorm Wind / High Wind Highly Likely Critical Moderate 6 to 12 hours Less than 6 hours 3.1

Hailstorm Highly Likely Limited Moderate 6 to 12 hours Less than 6 hours 2.8

Lightning Highly Likely Limited Small 6 to 12 hours Less than 6 hours 2.6

Tornado Likely Catastrophic Small Less than 6 hours Less than 6 hours 3.0



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Hazard

Category/Degree of Risk

Probability Impact Spatial Extent Warning Time Duration PRI

Score

Other Hazards

Hazardous Materials Incident Likely Critical Small Less than 6 hours Less than 24 hours 2.8

Pipelines Possible Critical Small Less than 6 hours Less than 24 hours 2.5

Water Supply / System Failure Possible Limited Moderate Less than 6 hours Less than 24 hours 2.4

Active Shooter Possible Critical Negligible Less than 6 hours Less than 24 hours 2.3

Civil Unrest Possible Minor Small Less than 6 hours Less than 24 hours 1.9

Cyberterrorism Possible Limited Negligible Less than 6 hours Less than 24 hours 2.0

Human Trafficking Likely Limited Negligible Less than 6 hours Less than 24 hours 2.3

Pandemic Unlikely Limited Large More than 24 hours More than 1 week 2.2

Terror Threat Unlikely Critical Small Less than 6 hours Less than 1 week 2.3

A.2.24 Final Determinations on Hazard Risk The conclusions drawn from the hazard profiling process for Alcorn County, including the PRI results and input from the Regional Hazard Mitigation Council, resulted in the classification of risk for each identified hazard according to three categories: High Risk, Moderate Risk, and Low Risk (Table A.32). For purposes of these classifications, risk is expressed in relative terms according to the estimated impact that a hazard will have on human life and property throughout all of Alcorn County. A more quantitative analysis to estimate potential dollar losses for each hazard has been performed separately, and is described in Section 6: Vulnerability Assessment and below in Section A.3. It should be noted that although some hazards are classified below as posing low risk, their occurrence of varying or unprecedented magnitudes is still possible in some cases and their assigned classification will continue to be evaluated during future plan updates.



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TABLE A.32: CONCLUSIONS ON HAZARD RISK FOR ALCORN COUNTY

A.3 ALCORN COUNTY VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT This subsection identifies and quantifies the vulnerability of Alcorn County to the significant hazards previously identified. This includes identifying and characterizing an inventory of assets in the county and assessing the potential impact and expected amount of damages caused to these assets by each identified hazard event. More information on the methodology and data sources used to conduct this assessment can be found in Section 6: Vulnerability Assessment.

A.3.1 Asset Inventory Table A.33 lists the estimated number of improved properties and the total value of improvements for Alcorn County and its participating jurisdictions (study area of vulnerability assessment). Because digital parcel data was not available, data obtained from Hazus-MH 2.2 inventory was utilized to complete the analysis.

HIGH RISK

Thunderstorm Wind / High Wind

Tornado

Earthquake

Hazardous Materials Incident

Hailstorm

MODERATE RISK

Flood

Wildfire

Lightning


Pipelines

Drought / Heat Wave

Water Supply / System Failure

LOW RISK

Hurricane and Tropical Storm

Erosion

Terror Threat

Active Shooter

Human Trafficking

Pandemic

Expansive Soils

Land Subsidence / Sinkhole

Dam and Levee Failure

Cyberterrorism

Civil Unrest

Landslide



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TABLE A.33: IMPROVED PROPERTY IN ALCORN COUNTY

Location Counts of Improved

Property Total Value of Improvements

Corinth 6,506 $1,554,537,000

Farmington 136 $18,447,000

Glen 79 $11,984,000

Kossuth 12 $1,529,000

Rienzi 41 $7,227,000

Unincorporated Area 10,471 $1,676,285,000

ALCORN COUNTY TOTAL 17,245 $3,270,009,000

Source: Hazus-MH 2.2 Table A.34 lists the fire stations, police stations, emergency operations centers (EOCs), hospitals, and schools located in Alcorn County according to Hazus-MH Version 2.2. In addition, Figure A.14 shows the locations of critical facilities in Alcorn County. Table A.46, at the end of this subsection, shows a complete list of the critical facilities by name, as well as the hazards that affect each facility. As noted previously, this list is not all-inclusive and only includes information provided through Hazus.

TABLE A.34: CRITICAL FACILITY INVENTORY IN ALCORN COUNTY

Location Fire

Stations Police

Stations Hospitals EOC Schools

Corinth 1 2 1 0 9

Farmington 1 0 0 0 0

Glen 0 0 0 0 0

Kossuth 1 0 0 0 3

Rienzi 0 0 0 0 1

Unincorporated Area 4 0 0 0 6

ALCORN COUNTY TOTAL 7 2 1 0 19

Source: Hazus-MH 2.2



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FIGURE A.14: CRITICAL FACILITY LOCATIONS IN ALCORN COUNTY


A.3.2 Social Vulnerability In addition to identifying those assets potentially at risk to identified hazards, it is important to identify and assess those particular segments of the resident population in Alcorn County that are potentially at risk to these hazards. Table A.35 lists the population by jurisdiction according to U.S. Census 2010 population estimates. The total population in Alcorn County according to Census data is 37,057 persons. Additional population estimates are presented above in Section A.1.

TABLE A.35: TOTAL POPULATION IN ALCORN COUNTY Location Total 2010 Population

Corinth 14,573

Farmington 2,186

Glen 412

Kossuth 209

Rienzi 317



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Location Total 2010 Population

Unincorporated Area 19,360

ALCORN COUNTY TOTAL 37,057

Source: United States Census 2010

In addition, Figure A.15 illustrates the population density per square kilometer by census tract as it was reported by the U.S. Census Bureau in 2010.

FIGURE A.15: POPULATION DENSITY IN ALCORN COUNTY

Source: United States Census Bureau, 2010

A.3.3 Development Trends and Changes in Vulnerability Since the previous county hazard mitigation plan was approved (in 2012), Alcorn County has experienced limited growth and development. Table A.36 shows the number of building units constructed since 2010 according to the U.S. Census American Community Survey.



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TABLE A.36: BUILDING COUNTS FOR ALCORN COUNTY

Jurisdiction Total Housing Units (2013)

Units Built 2010 or later

% Building Stock Built Post-2010

Corinth 7,381 41 0.6%

Farmington 984 0 0.0%

Glen 181 1 0.6%

Kossuth 75 0 0.0%

Rienzi 202 0 0.0%

Unincorporated Area 8,236 177 2.1%

ALCORN COUNTY TOTAL 17,059 219 0.8%


Table A.37 shows population growth estimates for the county from 2010 to 2014 based on the U.S. Census Annual Estimates of Resident Population.

TABLE A.37: POPULATION GROWTH FOR ALCORN COUNTY

Jurisdiction Population Estimates (as of July 1) % Change

2010-2014 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Corinth 14,594 14,818 14,825 14,867 14,865 1.9%

Farmington 2,189 2,186 2,180 2,190 2,192 0.1%

Glen 412 412 410 411 411 -0.2%

Kossuth 209 209 208 209 209 0.0%

Rienzi 317 317 315 316 316 -0.3%

Unincorporated Area 19,390 19,361 19,299 19,371 19,387 0.0%

ALCORN COUNTY TOTAL 37,111 37,303 37,237 37,364 37,380 0.7%


Based on the data above, there has been a low rate of residential development and population growth in the county since 2010, and a couple of municipalities have actually experienced slight population declines. However, the unincorporated area of the county has experienced a slightly higher rate of development compared to the rest of the county, resulting in an increased number of structures that are vulnerable to the potential impacts of the identified hazards. Additionally, there was a slightly higher rate of population growth in the City of Corinth. Since the population has increased in this jurisdiction, there are now greater numbers of people exposed to the identified hazards. Therefore, development and population growth have impacted the county’s vulnerability since the previous local hazard mitigation plan was approved and there has been a slight increase in the overall vulnerability. It is also important to note that as development increases in the future, greater populations and more structures and infrastructure will be exposed to potential hazards if development occurs in the floodplains, moderate landside susceptibility areas, high wildfire risk areas, or primary and secondary TRI site buffers.

A.3.4 Vulnerability Assessment Results

As noted in Section 6: Vulnerability Assessment, only hazards with a specific geographic boundary, available modeling tool, or sufficient historical data allow for further analysis. Those results, specific to



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Alcorn County, are presented here. All other hazards are assumed to impact the entire planning region (drought / heat wave; thunderstorm—wind, hail, lightning; tornado; and winter storm and freeze) or, due to lack of data, analysis would not lead to credible results (dam and levee failure, erosion, landslide / land subsidence, pipelines, water supply / system failure, active shooter, civil unrest, cyberterrorism, and human trafficking). The total county exposure, and thus risk, was presented in Table A.33. The hazards to be further analyzed in this subsection include: flood, wildfire, earthquake, hurricane and tropical storm winds, and hazardous materials incident. The annualized loss estimate for all hazards is presented near the end of this subsection in Table A.45.

FLOOD Historical evidence indicates that Alcorn County is susceptible to flood events. A total of 33 flood events have been reported by the National Climatic Data Center resulting in $6.5 million (2015 dollars) in property damage as well as one fatality. On an annualized level, these damages amounted to $460,888 for Alcorn County. In order to assess flood risk, a GIS-based analysis was used to estimate exposure to flood events using Digital Flood Insurance Rate Map (DFIRM) data in combination with improved property records for the county. The determination of value at-risk (exposure) was calculated using GIS analysis by summing the values for improved properties that were located within an identified floodplain. Due to a lack of digital parcel data, it was determined that an analysis using the inventory from Hazus-MH 2.2 would be used, though it should be noted that the data will merely be an estimation and may not reflect actual counts or values located in the floodplain. Indeed, in almost all cases, this analysis likely overestimates the amount of property at risk. Table A.38 presents the potential at-risk property. Both the number of parcels and the approximate value are presented.

TABLE A.38: ESTIMATED EXPOSURE OF PROPERTY TO THE FLOOD HAZARD28

Location 1.0-percent ACF 0.2-percent ACF

Approx. Number of Improvements

Approx. Improved Value



Corinth 1,759 $452,641,000 1,757 $444,656,000

Farmington 0 $0 0 $0

Glen 22 $2,510,000 0 $0

Kossuth 10 $1,241,000 0 $0

Rienzi 16 $2,293,000 0 $0

Unincorporated Area 7,130 $1,098,065,000 157 $32,805,000

ALCORN COUNTY TOTAL 8,937 $1,556,750,000 1,914 $477,461,000

Source: Federal Emergency Management Agency DFIRM and Hazus MH 2.2 Data

Social Vulnerability Figure A.16 is presented to gain a better understanding of at-risk population by evaluating census tract level population data against mapped floodplains. There are areas of concern in several of the population

28 As noted in Section 6.4, no building-specific data, such as building footprints, was available to determine buildings at risk. As

a result of this data limitation, at risk Census block building counts and values of the structures were used.



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centers. Indeed, nearly every incorporated municipality is potentially at risk of being impacted by flooding in some areas of its jurisdiction. Therefore, further investigation in these areas may be warranted.

FIGURE A.16 : POPULATION DENSITY NEAR FLOODPLAINS

Source: Federal Emergency Management Agency DFIRM, United States Census 2010

Critical Facilities The critical facility analysis revealed that there is one facility located in the floodplain. (Please note, as previously indicated, this analysis does not consider building elevation, which may negate risk.) This facility is a police station located in the 1.0 percent annual chance flood zone. A list of specific critical facilities and their associated risk can be found in Table A.46 at the end of this subsection. In conclusion, a flood has the potential to impact many existing and future buildings, facilities, and populations in Alcorn County, though some areas are at a higher risk than others. All types of structures in a floodplain are at-risk, though elevated structures will have a reduced risk. Such site-specific vulnerability determinations are outside the scope of this assessment but will be considered during future plan updates. Furthermore, areas subject to repetitive flooding should be analyzed for potential mitigation actions.



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WILDFIRE Although historical evidence indicates that Alcorn County is susceptible to wildfire events, there are few reports of damage. Therefore, it is difficult to calculate a reliable annualized loss figure. Annualized loss is considered negligible though it should be noted that a single event could result in significant damages throughout the county. To estimate exposure to wildfire, building data was obtained from Hazus-MH 2.2 which includes information that has been aggregated at the Census block level and which has been deemed useful for analyzing wildfire vulnerability. However, it should be noted that the accuracy of Hazus data is somewhat lower than that of parcel data. For the critical facility analysis, areas of concern were intersected with critical facility locations. Figure A.17 shows the Wildland Urban Interface Risk Index (WUIRI) data, which is a data layer that shows a rating of the potential impact of a wildfire on people and their homes. The key input, Wildland Urban Interface (WUI), reflects housing density (houses per acre) consistent with Federal Register National standards. The location of people living in the WUI and rural areas is key information for defining potential wildfire impacts to people and homes. Initially provided as raster data, it was converted to a polygon to allow for analysis. The Wildland Urban Interface Risk Index data ranges from 0 to -9 with lower values being most severe (as noted previously, this is only a measure of relative risk). Figure A.18 shows the areas of analysis where any grid cell is less than -5. Areas with a value below -5 were chosen to be displayed as areas of risk because this showed the upper echelon of the scale and the areas at highest risk. Table A.39 shows the results of the analysis.



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FIGURE A.17: WUI RISK INDEX AREAS IN ALCORN COUNTY

Source: Southern Wildfire Risk Assessment Data



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FIGURE A.18: WILDFIRE RISK AREAS IN ALCORN COUNTY

Source: Southern Wildfire Risk Assessment Data

TABLE A.39: EXPOSURE OF IMPROVED PROPERTY29 TO WILDFIRE RISK AREAS

Location Wildfire Risk



Corinth 1,650 $416,933,000

Farmington 10 $1,804,000

Glen 76 $11,744,000

Kossuth 0 $0

Rienzi 0 $0

Unincorporated Area 9,313 $1,424,739,000

ALCORN COUNTY 11,049 $1,855,220,000

Source: Southern Wildfire Risk Assessment and Hazus-MH 2.2

29 Parcel/Building Footprint data was not available for Alcorn County. Therefore, building counts and values were pulled from

Hazus-MH at the Census Block level and approximate improved value was calculated.



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Social Vulnerability Given some level of susceptibility across the entire county, it is assumed that the total population is at risk to the wildfire hazard. Determining the exact number of people in certain wildfire zones is difficult with existing data and could be misleading. Critical Facilities The critical facility analysis revealed that there is one critical facility located in wildfire areas of concern, a school. It should be noted, that several factors could impact the spread of a wildfire putting all facilities at risk. A list of specific critical facilities and their associated risk can be found in Table A.46 at the end of this subsection. In conclusion, a wildfire event has the potential to impact many existing and future buildings, critical facilities, and populations in Alcorn County.

EARTHQUAKE As the Hazus-MH model suggests below, and historical occurrences confirm, any earthquake activity in the area is likely to inflict minor damage to the county. Hazus-MH 2.2 estimates a total annualized loss of $459,000 which includes buildings, contents, and inventory throughout the county. For the earthquake hazard vulnerability assessment, a probabilistic scenario was created to estimate the average annualized loss30 for the county. The results of the analysis are generated at the Census Tract level within Hazus-MH and then aggregated to the county level. Since the scenario is annualized, no building counts are provided. Losses reported included losses due to structure failure, building loss, contents damage, and inventory loss. They do not include losses to business interruption, lost income, or relocation. Table A.40 summarizes the findings with results rounded to the nearest thousand.

TABLE A.40: AVERAGE ANNUALIZED LOSS ESTIMATIONS FOR EARTHQUAKE HAZARD

Location Structural Damage

Non-Structural Damage

Contents Damage

Inventory Loss

Total Annualized Loss

Alcorn County $88,000 $260,000 $105,000 $6,000 $459,000


Social Vulnerability It can be assumed that all existing future populations are at risk to the earthquake hazard.

Critical Facilities The Hazus-MH probabilistic analysis indicated that no critical facilities would sustain measurable damage in an earthquake event. However, all critical facilities should be considered at-risk to minor damage, should an event occur. Specific vulnerabilities for these assets will be greatly dependent on their individual design and the mitigation measures in place, where appropriate. Such site-specific vulnerability determinations are outside the scope of this assessment but will be considered during future plan updates.

30 Annualized Loss is defined by Hazus-MH as the expected value of loss in any one year.



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In conclusion, an earthquake has the potential to impact all existing and future buildings, facilities, and populations in Alcorn County. The Hazus-MH scenario indicates that minimal to moderate damage is expected from an earthquake occurrence. While Alcorn County may not experience a large earthquake (the greatest on record is a magnitude V MMI), localized damage is possible with an occurrence. A list of specific critical facilities and their associated risk can be found in Table A.46 at the end of this subsection.

HURRICANE AND TROPICAL STORM Historical evidence indicates that Alcorn County has some risk to the hurricane and tropical storm hazard. There has been one disaster declaration due to hurricanes (Hurricane Katrina). Several tracks have come near or traversed through the county, as shown and discussed in Section A.2.9. Hazus-MH 2.2 estimates a total annualized loss of $83,000 which includes buildings, contents, and inventory throughout the county. Hurricanes and tropical storms can cause damage through numerous additional hazards such as flooding, erosion, tornadoes, and high winds, thus it is difficult to estimate total potential losses from these cumulative effects. The current Hazus-MH hurricane model only analyzes hurricane winds and is not capable of modeling and estimating cumulative losses from all hazards associated with hurricanes; therefore only hurricane winds are analyzed in this section. It can be assumed that all existing and future buildings and populations are at risk to the hurricane and tropical storm hazard. Hazus-MH 2.2 was used to determine average annualized losses31 for the county as shown below in Table A.41. Only losses to buildings, inventory, and contents are included in the results.

TABLE A.41: ANNUALIZED LOSS ESTIMATIONS FOR HURRICANE WIND HAZARD

Location Building Damage Contents Damage Inventory Loss Total Annualized

Loss

Alcorn County $55,000 $27,000 $0 $83,000


Social Vulnerability Given equal susceptibility across the county, it is assumed that the total population, both current and future, is at risk to the hurricane and tropical storm hazard. Critical Facilities Given equal vulnerability across Alcorn County, all critical facilities are considered to be at risk. Some buildings may perform better than others in the face of such an event due to construction and age, among other factors. Determining individual building response is beyond the scope of this plan. However, this plan will consider mitigation action for especially vulnerable structures and/or critical facilities to mitigate against the effects of the hurricane hazard. A list of specific critical facilities can be found in Table A.46 at the end of this subsection. In conclusion, a hurricane event has the potential to impact many existing and future buildings, critical facilities, and populations in Alcorn County.

31 Annualized Loss is defined by Hazus-MH as the expected value of loss in any one year.



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HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INCIDENT Historical evidence indicates that Alcorn County is susceptible to hazardous materials events. A total of 37 HAZMAT incidents have been reported by the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, resulting in $17,240 (2015 dollars) in property damage. On an annualized level, these damages amount to $420 for the county. Most hazardous materials incidents that occur are contained and suppressed before destroying any property or threatening lives. However, they can have a significant negative impact. Such events can cause multiple deaths, completely shut down facilities for 30 days or more, and cause more than 50 percent of affected properties to be destroyed or suffer major damage. In a hazardous materials incident, solid, liquid, and/or gaseous contaminants may be released from fixed or mobile containers. Weather conditions will directly affect how the hazard develops. Certain chemicals may travel through the air or water, affecting a much larger area than the point of the incidence itself. Non-compliance with fire and building codes, as well as failure to maintain existing fire and containment features, can substantially increase the damage from a hazardous materials release. The duration of a hazardous materials incident can range from hours to days. Warning time is minimal to none. In order to conduct the vulnerability assessment for this hazard, GIS intersection analysis was used for fixed and mobile areas and building footprints/parcels.32 In both scenarios, two sizes of buffers—0.5-mile and 1.0-mile—were used. These areas are assumed to represent the different levels of effect: immediate (primary) and secondary. Primary and secondary impact zones were selected based on guidance from the PHMSA Emergency Response Guidebook. For the fixed site analysis, geo-referenced TRI sites in the region, along with buffers, were used for analysis as shown in Figure A.19. For the mobile analysis, the major roads (Interstate highway, U.S. highway, and State highway) and railroads, where hazardous materials are primarily transported that could adversely impact people and buildings, were used for the GIS buffer analysis. Figure A.20 shows the areas used for mobile toxic release buffer analysis. The results indicate the approximate number of improved properties and improved value, as shown in Table A.42 (fixed sites), Table A.43 (mobile road sites), and Table A.44 (mobile railroad sites).33

32 This type of analysis will likely yield inflated results (generally higher than what is actually reported after an actual event). 33 Note that improved properties included in the 1.0-mile analysis are also included in the 0.5-mile analysis.



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FIGURE A.19 : TRI SITES WITH BUFFERS IN ALCORN COUNTY

Source: Environmental Protection Agency

TABLE A.42: EXPOSURE OF IMPROVED PROPERTY34 TO HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (FIXED SITES) 0.5-mile buffer zone 1.0-mile buffer zone

Location Approx. Number of Improvements




Corinth 60 $25,593,000 1,081 $292,648,000

Farmington 0 0 0 0

Glen 0 0 0 0

Kossuth 0 0 0 0

Rienzi 0 0 0 0

Unincorporated Area 183 $59,229,000 384 $94,539,000

ALCORN COUNTY TOTAL 243 $84,822,000 1,465 $387,187,000

Source: Environmental Protection Agency and Hazus-MH 2.2





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FIGURE A.20 : MOBILE HAZMAT BUFFERS IN ALCORN COUNTY

TABLE A.43: EXPOSURE OF IMPROVED PROPERTY35 TO HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SPILL (MOBILE ANALYSIS - ROAD)

0.5-mile buffer zone 1.0-mile buffer zone

Location Approx.

Number of Improvements


Approx. Number of

Improvements


Corinth 2,520 $668,636,000 4,118 $1,065,978,000


Glen 54 $9,277,000 79 $11,984,000

Kossuth 12 $1,529,000 12 $1,529,000

Rienzi 0 $0 0 $0

Unincorporated Area 4,017 $658,243,000 5,164 $827,830,000

ALCORN COUNTY TOTAL 6,603 $1,337,685,000 9,373 $1,907,321,000






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TABLE A.44: EXPOSURE OF IMPROVED PROPERTY36 TO HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SPILL (MOBILE ANALYSIS - RAILROAD)

0.5-mile buffer 1.0-mile buffer

Location

Approx. Number of Improved Properties

Approx. Improved

Value

Approx. Number of Improved Properties

Approx. Improved

Value

Corinth 4,657 $1,049,164,000 5,884 $1,372,177,000


Glen 79 $11,984,000 79 $11,984,000

Kossuth 0 $0 0 $0

Rienzi 41 $7,227,000 41 $7,227,000

Unincorporated Area 3,531 $571,428,000 4,764 $767,147,000

ALCORN COUNTY TOTAL 8,308 $1,639,803,000 10,768 $2,158,535,000 Source: Hazus-MH 2.2

Social Vulnerability Given high susceptibility across the entire county, it is assumed that the total population is at risk to a hazardous materials incident. It should be noted that areas of population concentration may be at an elevated risk due to a greater burden to evacuate population quickly. Critical Facilities Fixed Site Analysis: The critical facility analysis for fixed TRI sites revealed that there are two facilities located in a HAZMAT risk zone. This includes one police station and one school. Neither of the facilities are located within the primary impact zone. A list of specific critical facilities and their associated risk can be found in Table A.46 at the end of this subsection. Mobile Analysis: The critical facility analysis for transportation corridors in Alcorn County revealed that there are 17 critical facilities located in the primary and secondary road HAZMAT buffer areas. This includes 3 fire stations, 1 hospital, 2 police stations, and 11 schools. Of these, 12 facilities are located within the primary impact zone. For the rail line buffer areas, there are a total of 15 critical facilities located in primary and secondary buffer areas, including 2 fire stations, 1 hospital, 2 police stations, and 10 schools. Of these, 12 facilities are located within the primary buffer area. A list of specific critical facilities and their associated risk can be found in Table A.46 at the end of this subsection. In conclusion, a hazardous material incident has the potential to impact many existing and future buildings, critical facilities, and populations in Alcorn County. Those areas in a primary buffer are at the highest risk, though all areas carry some vulnerability due to variations in conditions that could alter the





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impact area (i.e., direction and speed of wind, volume of release, etc.). Further, incidents from neighboring counties could also impact the county and participating jurisdictions.

CONCLUSIONS ON HAZARD VULNERABILITY Table A.45 presents a summary of annualized loss for each hazard in Alcorn County. Due to the reporting of hazard damages primarily at the county level, it was difficult to determine an accurate annualized loss estimate for each municipality. Therefore, an annualized loss was determined through the damage reported through historical occurrences at the county level. These values should be used as an additional planning tool or measure risk for determining hazard mitigation strategies throughout the county.

TABLE A.45: ANNUALIZED LOSS FOR ALCORN COUNTY

Event Alcorn County

Flood-related Hazards

Flood $460,888

Erosion Negligible

Dam and Levee Failure Negligible

Winter Storm & Freeze $883,704


Drought / Heat Wave Negligible

Wildfire Negligible

Geologic Hazards

Earthquake $459,000

Expansive Soils Negligible

Landslide Negligible

Land Subsidence / Sinkhole Negligible


Hurricane & Tropical Storm $83,000

Thunderstorm / High Wind $32,406

Hail $1,821

Lightning $9,695

Tornado $375,507

Other Hazards

HAZMAT Incident $420

Pipelines Negligible

Water Supply / System Failure Negligible

Active Shooter Negligible

Civil Unrest Negligible

Cyberterrorism Negligible

Human Trafficking Negligible



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Event Alcorn County

Pandemic Negligible

Terror Threat Negligible

*In this table, the term “Negligible” is used to indicate that no records of dollar losses for the particular hazard were recorded. This could be the case either because there were no events that caused dollar damage or because documentation of that particular type of event is not well kept.

As noted previously, all existing and future buildings and populations (including critical facilities) are vulnerable to atmospheric hazards including drought / heat wave, hurricane and tropical storm, thunderstorm (wind, hail, lightning), tornado, and winter storm and freeze. In addition, all buildings and populations are vulnerable to all of the man-made and technological hazards identified above. Some buildings may be more vulnerable to these hazards based on locations, construction, and building type. Table A.46 shows the critical facilities vulnerable to additional hazards analyzed in this subsection. The table lists those assets that are determined to be exposed to each of the identified hazards (marked with an “X”).



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TABLE A.46: AT-RISK CRITICAL FACILITIES IN ALCORN COUNTY

FLOOD-RELATED FIRE-

RELATED GEOLOGIC WIND-RELATED OTHER

Flo

od

– 1

00

yr

Flo

od

– 5

00

yr

Ero

sio

n

Dam

an

d L

eve

e

Failu

re37

Win

ter

Sto

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nd

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eze

D

rou

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/ H

eat

Wav

e

Wild

fire

Eart

hq

uak

e

Exp

ansi

ve S

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Lan

dsl

ide

– M

od

Lan

dsl

ide

– H

igh

Lan

d S

ub

sid

en

ce /

Sin

kho

le

Hu

rric

ane

an

d

Tro

pic

al S

torm

Th

un

de

rsto

rm

(win

d, h

ail,

ligh

tnin

g)

Torn

ado

Fixe

d H

AZM

AT –

0.5

mile

Fixe

d H

AZM

AT –

1.0

mile

M

ob

ile H

AZM

AT –

0.5

mile

(ro

ad)

Mo

bile

HA

ZMA

T –

1.0

mile

(ro

ad)

Mo

bile

HA

ZMA

T –

0.5

mile

(ra

il)

Mo

bile

HA

ZMA

T –

1.0

mile

(ra

il)

Pip

elin

es

Wat

er

Sup

ply

/

Syst

em

Fai

lure

Act

ive

Sh

oo

ter

Civ

il U

nre

st

Cyb

ert

erro

rism

Hu

man

Tra

ffic

kin

g

Pan

de

mic

Terr

or

Thre

at

FACILITY NAME FACILITY

TYPE

Alcorn County

Corinth Fire Department Fire Station

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

Farmington Fire & Rescue

Fire Station

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

Glen Volunteer Fire Department

Fire Station

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

Jacinto Volunteer Fire Department

Fire Station


Kossuth Volunteer Fire Department

Fire Station


Town Of Rienzi Volunteer Fire Department

Fire Station


Union Center/Theo Vfd Fire Station

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

Magnolia Regional Health Ctr Hospital


Alcorn County Sheriff Dept

Police Station

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

Corinth Police Dept Police Station


Alcorn Alternative School School X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

37 As noted previously, these facilities could be at risk to dam failure if located in an inundation area. Data was not available to conduct such an analysis. There was no local

knowledge of these facilities being at risk to dam failure. As additional data becomes available, more in-depth analysis will be conducted.



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FLOOD-RELATED FIRE-


Flo

od

– 1

00

yr

Flo

od

– 5

00

yr

Ero

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Dam

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Failu

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Wild

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Exp

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ve S

oils

Lan

dsl

ide

– M

od

Lan

dsl

ide

– H

igh

Lan

d S

ub

sid

en

ce /

Sin

kho

le

Hu

rric

ane

an

d

Tro

pic

al S

torm

Th

un

de

rsto

rm

(win

d, h

ail,

ligh

tnin

g)

Torn

ado

Fixe

d H

AZM

AT –

0.5

mile

Fixe

d H

AZM

AT –

1.0

mile

M

ob

ile H

AZM

AT –

0.5

mile

(ro

ad)

Mo

bile

HA

ZMA

T –

1.0

mile

(ro

ad)

Mo

bile

HA

ZMA

T –

0.5

mile

(ra

il)

Mo

bile

HA

ZMA

T –

1.0

mile

(ra

il)

Pip

elin

es

Wat

er

Sup

ply

/

Syst

em

Fai

lure

Act

ive

Sh

oo

ter

Civ

il U

nre

st

Cyb

ert

erro

rism

Hu

man

Tra

ffic

kin

g

Pan

de

mic

Terr

or

Thre

at


TYPE

Alcorn Central Elementary School School


Alcorn Central High School School


Alcorn Central Middle School School


Alcorn Co Voc Complex School X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

Biggersville Elementary School X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

Biggersville High School School X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

Corinth High School School X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

Corinth Jr High School School X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

Corinth SDA School School X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

East Corinth Elementary School School


Glendale Elementary School School

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

Kossuth Elementary School School


Kossuth High School School X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

Kossuth Middle School School X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

Rienzi Elementary School School X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X





A:76

FLOOD-RELATED FIRE-


Flo

od

– 1

00

yr

Flo

od

– 5

00

yr

Ero

sio

n

Dam

an

d L

eve

e

Failu

re39

Win

ter

Sto

rm a

nd

Fre

eze

D

rou

ght

/ H

eat

Wav

e

Wild

fire

Eart

hq

uak

e

Exp

ansi

ve S

oils

Lan

dsl

ide

– M

od

Lan

dsl

ide

– H

igh

Lan

d S

ub

sid

en

ce /

Sin

kho

le

Hu

rric

ane

an

d

Tro

pic

al S

torm

Th

un

de

rsto

rm

(win

d, h

ail,

ligh

tnin

g)

Torn

ado

Fixe

d H

AZM

AT –

0.5

mile

Fixe

d H

AZM

AT –

1.0

mile

M

ob

ile H

AZM

AT –

0.5

mile

(ro

ad)

Mo

bile

HA

ZMA

T –

1.0

mile

(ro

ad)

Mo

bile

HA

ZMA

T –

0.5

mile

(ra

il)

Mo

bile

HA

ZMA

T –

1.0

mile

(ra

il)

Pip

elin

es

Wat

er

Sup

ply

/

Syst

em

Fai

lure

Act

ive

Sh

oo

ter

Civ

il U

nre

st

Cyb

ert

erro

rism

Hu

man

Tra

ffic

kin

g

Pan

de

mic

Terr

or

Thre

at


TYPE

South Corinth Elem School School

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

West Corinth Elementary School School


Wheeler Grove Learning Center School






A:77

A.4 ALCORN COUNTY CAPABILITY ASSESSMENT This subsection discusses the capability of Alcorn County to implement hazard mitigation activities. More information on the purpose and methodology used to conduct the assessment can be found in Section 7: Capability Assessment.

A.4.1 Planning and Regulatory Capability Table A.47 provides a summary of the relevant local plans, ordinances, and programs already in place or under development for Alcorn County. A checkmark () indicates that the given item is currently in place and being implemented. An asterisk (*) indicates that the given item is currently being developed for future implementation. Each of these local plans, ordinances, and programs should be considered available mechanisms for incorporating the requirements of the MEMA District 2 Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan.

TABLE A.47: RELEVANT PLANS, ORDINANCES, AND PROGRAMS

Pla

nn

ing

Too

l/R

egu

lato

ry T

oo

l

Haz

ard

Mit

igat

ion

Pla

n

Co

mp

reh

ensi

ve L

and

Use

Pla

n

Flo

od

pla

in M

anag

emen

t P

lan

Op

en S

pac

e M

anag

em

ent

Pla

n (

Par

ks &

Rec

/Gre

enw

ay P

lan

Sto

rmw

ater

Man

age

men

t

Pla

n/O

rdin

ance

Nat

ura

l Res

ou

rce

Pro

tect

ion

Pla

n

Flo

od

Res

po

nse

Pla

n

Emer

gen

cy O

per

atio

ns

Pla

n

Co

nti

nu

ity

of

Op

erat

ion

s P

lan

Evac

uat

ion

Pla

n

Dis

aste

r R

eco

very

Pla

n

Cap

ital

Imp

rove

men

ts P

lan

Eco

no

mic

Dev

elo

pm

ent

Pla

n

His

tori

c P

rese

rvat

ion

Pla

n

Flo

od

Dam

age

Pre

ven

tio

n O

rdin

ance

Zon

ing

Ord

inan

ce

Sub

div

isio

n O

rdin

ance

Un

ifie

d D

evel

op

men

t O

rdin

ance

Po

st-D

isas

ter

Red

evel

op

men

t O

rdin

ance

Bu

ildin

g C

od

e

Fire

Co

de

Nat

ion

al F

loo

d In

sura

nce

Pro

gram

(N

FIP

)

NFI

P C

om

mu

nit

y R

atin

g Sy

ste

m

ALCORN COUNTY

Corinth

Farmington

Glen

Kossuth

Rienzi

A more detailed discussion on the county’s planning and regulatory capabilities follows.



A:78

EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT Hazard Mitigation Plan Alcorn County has previously adopted a hazard mitigation plan. The City of Corinth, Town of Farmington, Town of Glen, Village of Kossuth, and Town of Rienzi were also included in this plan. Emergency Operations Plan Alcorn County maintains an emergency operations plan through its Emergency Management Agency. The City of Corinth, Town of Farmington, Town of Glen, Village of Kossuth, and Town of Rienzi are each covered by this plan.

GENERAL PLANNING Zoning Ordinance Alcorn County does not have a zoning ordinance in place. However, the City of Corinth has adopted a zoning ordinance. Subdivision Ordinance Alcorn County does not have a subdivision ordinance in place. However, the City of Corinth has adopted subdivision regulations. Building Codes, Permitting, and Inspections The City of Corinth is the only jurisdiction in Alcorn County that has adopted a building code.

FLOODPLAIN MANAGEMENT Table A.48 provides NFIP policy and claim information for each participating jurisdiction in Alcorn County.

TABLE A.48: NFIP POLICY AND CLAIM INFORMATION

Jurisdiction

Date Joined NFIP

Current Effective Map

Date

NFIP Policies in Force

Insurance in Force

Closed Claims

Total Payments to

Date

ALCORN COUNTY† 02/27/92 09/17/10 20 $4,512,700 6 $141,541

Corinth 03/16/81 09/17/10 100 $30,130,300 43 $4,039,493

Farmington* -- -- -- -- -- --

Glen* -- -- -- -- -- --

Kossuth* -- -- -- -- -- --

Rienzi 09/17/10 09/17/10(M) 0 $0 0 $0

†Includes unincorporated areas of county only *Community does not participate in the NFIP (M) – No Elevation Determined, All Zone A, C and X Source: NFIP Community Status information as of 8/17/2015; NFIP claims and policy information as of 6/30/2015



A:79

Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance All communities participating in the NFIP are required to adopt a local flood damage prevention ordinance. Alcorn County, the City of Corinth, and the Town of Rienzi all participate in the NFIP and have adopted flood damage prevention ordinances.

A.4.2 Administrative and Technical Capability Table A.49 provides a summary of the capability assessment results for Alcorn County with regard to relevant staff and personnel resources. A checkmark () indicates the presence of a staff member(s) in that jurisdiction with the specified knowledge or skill.

TABLE A.49: RELEVANT STAFF / PERSONNEL RESOURCES

Staf

f /

Pe

rso

nn

el R

eso

urc

e

Pla

nn

ers

wit

h k

no

wle

dge

of

lan

d

dev

elo

pm

ent/

lan

d m

anag

emen

t p

ract

ices

Engi

nee

rs o

r p

rofe

ssio

nal

s tr

ain

ed in

con

stru

ctio

n p

ract

ice

s re

late

d t

o b

uild

ings

and

/or

infr

astr

uct

ure

Pla

nn

ers

or

engi

ne

ers

wit

h a

n

un

der

stan

din

g o

f n

atu

ral a

nd

/or

hu

man

-

cau

sed

haz

ard

s

Emer

gen

cy M

anag

er

Flo

od

pla

in M

anag

er

Lan

d S

urv

eyo

rs

Scie

nti

sts

fam

iliar

wit

h t

he

haz

ard

s o

f th

e

com

mu

nit

y

Staf

f w

ith

ed

uca

tio

n o

r ex

per

tise

to

asse

ss t

he

com

mu

nit

y’s

vuln

erab

ility

to

haz

ard

s

Per

son

nel

ski

lled

in G

IS a

nd

/or

Haz

us

Res

ou

rce

dev

elo

pm

ent

staf

f o

r gr

ant

wri

ters

ALCORN COUNTY

Corinth

Farmington

Glen

Kossuth

Rienzi

Credit for having a floodplain manager was given to those jurisdictions that have a flood damage prevention ordinance, and therefore an appointed floodplain administrator, regardless of whether the appointee was dedicated solely to floodplain management. Credit was given for having a scientist familiar with the hazards of the community if a jurisdiction has a Cooperative Extension Service or Soil and Water Conservation Department. Credit was also given for having staff with education or expertise to assess the community’s vulnerability to hazards if a staff member from the jurisdiction was a participant on the existing hazard mitigation plan’s planning committee.



A:80

A.4.3 Fiscal Capability Table A.50 provides a summary of the results for Alcorn County with regard to relevant fiscal resources. A checkmark () indicates that the given fiscal resource is locally available for hazard mitigation purposes (including match funds for state and federal mitigation grant funds) according to the previous county hazard mitigation plan.

TABLE A.50: RELEVANT FISCAL RESOURCES

Fisc

al T

oo

l / R

eso

urc

e

Cap

ital

Imp

rove

men

t P

rogr

amm

ing

Co

mm

un

ity

Dev

elo

pm

ent

Blo

ck

Gra

nts

(C

DB

G)

Spec

ial P

urp

ose

Tax

es

(or

taxi

ng

dis

tric

ts)

Gas

/Ele

ctri

c U

tilit

y Fe

es

Wat

er/S

ew

er

Fees

Sto

rmw

ater

Uti

lity

Fee

s

Dev

elo

pm

ent

Imp

act

Fees

Gen

eral

Ob

ligat

ion

, Rev

en

ue,

an

d/o

r

Spec

ial T

ax B

on

ds

Par

tner

ing

Arr

ange

men

ts o

r

Inte

rgo

vern

men

tal A

gree

men

ts

Oth

er: o

ther

sta

te a

nd

Fed

eral

fun

din

g so

urc

es

ALCORN COUNTY

Corinth

Farmington

Glen

Kossuth

Rienzi

A.4.4 Political Capability During the months immediately following a disaster, local public opinion in Alcorn County is more likely to shift in support of hazard mitigation efforts.

A.4.5 Conclusions on Local Capability Table A.51 shows the results of the capability assessment using the designed scoring methodology described in Section 7: Capability Assessment. The capability score is based solely on the information found in existing hazard mitigation plans and readily available on the jurisdictions’ government websites. According to the assessment, the average local capability score for the county and its jurisdictions is 14.8, which falls into the limited capability ranking.



A:81

TABLE A.51: CAPABILITY ASSESSMENT RESULTS

Jurisdiction Overall Capability

Score Overall Capability

Rating

ALCORN COUNTY 22 Moderate

Corinth 24 Moderate

Farmington 9 Limited

Glen 9 Limited

Kossuth 9 Limited

Rienzi 16 Limited

A.5 ALCORN COUNTY MITIGATION STRATEGY This subsection provides the blueprint for Alcorn County to follow in order to become less vulnerable to its identified hazards. It is based on general consensus of the Regional Hazard Mitigation Council and the findings and conclusions of the capability assessment and risk assessment. Additional Information can be found in Section 8: Mitigation Strategy and Section 9: Mitigation Action Plan.

A.5.1 Mitigation Goals Alcorn County developed six mitigation goals in coordination with the other participating MEMA District 2 Region jurisdictions. The regional mitigation goals are presented in Table A.52.

TABLE A.52: MEMA DISTRICT 2 REGIONAL MITIGATION GOALS Goal

Goal #1 Reduce the loss of life and injury from natural and man-made hazards.

Goal #2 Reduce the damage and loss of existing and future property, buildings, infrastructure, and critical facilities from natural and man-made hazards.

Goal #3 Reduce economic losses from natural and man-made hazards, including response and recovery costs and disruption of economic activity.

Goal #4 Reduce the destruction of natural, historical, and cultural resources.

Goal #5 Increase public awareness and education of natural and man-made hazards.

Goal #6 Foster cooperation among the public and private sectors to promote effective hazard mitigation planning.



A:82

A.5.2 Mitigation Action Plan The mitigation actions proposed by Alcorn County, Corinth, Farmington, Glen, Kossuth, and Rienzi are listed in the following individual Mitigation Action Plans.



A:83

Alcorn County Mitigation Action Plan Action

# Description

Hazard(s) Addressed

Relative Priority

Lead Agency/ Department

Potential Funding Sources

Implementation Schedule

Implementation Status (2016)

Prevention

P-1

Earthquake hazards can be mitigated through land use planning. Local governments can develop and distribute guidelines that require developers to locate critical facilities and hazardous materials out of areas subject to significant seismic hazards.

Earthquake Low Alcorn County MEMA, FEMA,

Local 2020

The county is still working on adjusting its land use planning efforts to reduce development in high earthquake hazard areas. This will remain in the plan going forward.

P-2

Groundwater levels can be monitored in subsidence-prone areas.

Expansive Soils Moderate Alcorn County

EMA Local, MEMA,

FEMA 2020

Groundwater level monitoring has not taken place other than in the form of anecdotal observation from local officials. The county would like to make more of an effort to monitor groundwater levels going forward.

P-3

The goal is to remove/reduce fire hazards from rural areas in all counties within the NE MS Planning and Development District. The proposed actions include: control burning place fire lanes, educate the public on fire safety, train volunteers, purchase equipment enhancements, initiate/maintain a fire inspection/prevention program, and improve access.

Wildfire High Local Fire

Departments

Local, FEMA, State Forestry

Department 2018

The county, in conjunction with the PDD, has implemented a number of these strategies, especially those related to educating the public. However, the overall prevention program to reduce fires needs to be improved further and the county would like to continue to try to improve its program through more volunteer training and controlled burning in the future.



A:84

Action #

Description Hazard(s)

Addressed Relative Priority





P-4

Communities can pass ordinances to prioritize or control water use, particularly for emergency situations like firefighting.

Drought/Heat Wave

Moderate Alcorn County

EMA FEMA, MEMA,

Local 2020

Some ordinances have been passed that give the county power to control water use in emergencies, but there are still other water use control measures that might be taken. The county will evaluate these possibilities in the future and implement appropriately.

Property Protection

PP-1

The creek where the railroad crosses at U.S. Highway 72 is an area that catches debris in the old trestle. The plans are for the railroad to remove the old pilings to alleviate this problem. Also, downstream there is a bridge on County Road 402 with just a culvert that is not large enough to carry the water away fast enough. It is in the planning state to replace this with a span of bridge with wing walls.

Flood High Alcorn County

Local, MEMA, FEMA, Soil and

Water Conservation

Office

2016

To date, this project has not been implemented so the county will continue to work with other stakeholders going forward to try to implement.

PP-2

Public and private buildings can be designed with hail-resistant roof shingles or flashing to minimize damage.

Hail Low Alcorn County

EMA FEMA, Public and

private funds 2020

Some buildings in the county have more hail-resistant roofs, but there are many that are still susceptible and there needs to be more effort going forward to implement more resistant roofs.



A:85

Action #







PP-3

Surge protectors can be installed on critical electronic equipment. Lightning protection devices and methods, such as lightning rods and grounding, can be installed on the community’s communications infrastructure and other critical facilities.

Lightning Moderate Alcorn County

EMA FEMA 2019

Lightning protection and surge protection has been installed in many communications areas and in several critical facilities, but there is a definite need for additional surge protection infrastructure so the county will look to implement more infrastructure in the future.

Natural Resource Protection NRP-1

Structural Projects SP-1

Emergency Services

ES-1

Install ten (10) additional advanced warning systems throughout Alcorn County. The sirens will warn area residents and businesses of approaching storms in an attempt to reduce the damages and losses associated with high winds and tornados.

Tornado, High Winds

High Alcorn County

EMA Local, MEMA,

FEMA 2016

The county has not invested in additional warning systems, but this is a high priority need and will be carried out as soon as funds are available

ES-2

This strategy will address incident response activities at local plants and transportation systems. The proposed mitigation activities are: public education, training first responders, equipment, and studies of existing potential hazards.

Earthquake High Alcorn County

EMA Local, MEMA,

FEMA 2020

Some training of first responders and studies of potential hazards have been carried out, but this is an area that requires constant attention and improvement, so this action will be carried forward.



A:86

Action #







ES-3

Procure a mobile power supply (generator) that will enable Alcorn County Water Associations to have alternate power to help restore operations if severe winter weather disrupts usual power supply. (All generators to be shared by multiple associations.)


High Alcorn County

EMA Local, FEMA

2017 or as soon as funds are in place

Some generators have been secured and additional generators will be secured as soon as funds are available

ES-4

Procure a mobile power supply (generator) that will enable each municipality and Alcorn county government to have alternate power to help restore basic governmental operations if severe winter weather disrupts usual power supply.


High Alcorn County

EMA Local, FEMA

As soon as funds are in place

Some generators have been secured and additional generators will be secured as soon as funds are available.

ES-5

This strategy will address incident response activities at local plants and transportation systems located within the NEMPDD services area. The proposed mitigation activities are: public education, training of first responders, equipment, and studies of existing/potential hazards. Wildfire High

Alcorn County EMA

Local, FEMA 2020




A:87

Action #







Public Education and Awareness

PEA-1

This project is a countywide public education campaign on community hazards, mitigation safety, and emergencies.

Tornado, High Winds

High Alcorn County

EMA Local, MEMA,

FEMA 2016

Many efforts have been made to improve public education on hazard risk including involvement in the HMP development process and other outreach activities. However, this is a process that requires continual upkeep and implementation so it will remain an action going forward.

PEA-2

Encourage local newspapers and media outlets to run articles and information pieces regarding the dangers of high winds, tornadoes, flooding, hail, earthquake, expansive soils, winter storms, lightning, wildfire, drought, heat wave, and dam failures, and the positive impacts of various hazard mitigation actions associated with these events. The articles and information pieces will address existing and future buildings and infrastructure as well as other impacts.

All High Alcorn County

EMA

Alcorn County EMA, Local,

MEMA, FEMA 2020

Although there has been some effort to get local media to report on hazards and further educate the public, there remains much room for improvement. The county will continue to encourage media outlets to improve public education.

PEA-3

Provide literature, classes, and materials to the citizens of Alcorn County to better prepare them for potential hazardous events.

All High

Alcorn County EMA Chapter of

the American Red Cross

MEMA, FENA, Private/Public

Donations 2020

The county has done a good job of providing literature and materials to citizens, but would like to provide more in-person activities such as classes to further educate the public in the future.



A:88

Action #







PEA-4

Encourage local newspapers and media outlets to run articles and information pieces regarding the potential dangers of flooding and the positive impacts of various hazard mitigation actions associated with flood events. The articles and information pieces will address existing and future buildings and infrastructure as well as other potential impacts.


EMA Local, FEMA,

MEMA Deleted

Combined with PEA-2

PEA-5

Encourage local newspapers and media outlets to run articles and information pieces regarding the potential dangers of hail and the positive impacts of various hazard mitigation actions associated with hail events. The articles and information pieces will address existing and future buildings and infrastructure as well as other potential impacts.

Hail High Alcorn County

EMA Local, MEMA,

FEMA Deleted

Combined with PEA-2

PEA-6

Encourage local newspapers and media outlets to run articles and information pieces regarding the potential dangers of earthquakes and the positive impacts of various hazard mitigation actions associated with earthquake events. The articles and information pieces will address existing and future buildings and infrastructure as well as other potential impacts.


EMA Local, MEMA,

FEMA Deleted

Combined with PEA-2

PEA-7



EMA

MEMA, FEMA, Private and public

donations Deleted

Combined with PEA-3



A:89

Action #







PEA-8

Encourage local newspapers and media outlets to run articles and information pieces, promoting community awareness of subsidence risks and effects. The articles and information pieces will address existing and future buildings and infrastructure as well as other potential impacts.

Expansive Soils High Alcorn County

EMA Local, MEMA,

FEMA Deleted

Combined with PEA-2

PEA-9

Encourage local newspapers and media outlets to run articles and information pieces regarding the potential dangers of severe winter weather and the positive impacts of various hazard mitigation actions associated with winter events. The articles and information pieces will address existing and future buildings and infrastructure as well as other potential impacts.

Winter Storm and Free

High Alcorn County

EMA Local, MEMA,

FEMA Deleted

Combined with PEA-2

PEA-10

Encourage local newspapers and media outlets to run articles and information pieces regarding the potential dangers of lightning and the positive impacts of various hazard mitigation actions. The articles and information pieces will address existing and future buildings and infrastructure as well as other potential impacts.

Lightning High Alcorn County

EMA Local, MEMA,

FEMA Deleted

Combined with PEA-2

PEA-11


Wildfire High Alcorn County

EMA

FEMA, Private/public

donations Deleted

Combined with PEA-3



A:90

Action #







PEA-12

Encourage local newspapers and media outlets to run articles and information pieces regarding the potential dangers of wildfires and the positive impacts of various hazard mitigation actions associated with fire events. The articles and information pieces will address existing and future buildings and infrastructure as well as other potential impacts.


EMA Local, MEMA,

FEMA Deleted

Combined with PEA-2

PEA-13

Recommend that public information and outreach workshops on the FireWise program be scheduled and encourage participation in workshops presented by Forestry Commission for the benefit of elected officials, vulnerable residents, firefighters, and others.


EMA MEMA, FEMA,

Local 2020

Outreach workshops have been held but there is always a need to hold more workshops so this action will remain in the plan going forward.

PEA-14

Encourage local newspapers and media outlets to run articles and information pieces regarding the potential dangers of excessive heat and drought and the positive impacts of various hazard mitigation actions. The articles and information pieces will address existing and future buildings and infrastructure as well as other potential impacts.

Drought/Heat Wave

High Alcorn County

EMA Local, MEMA,

FEMA Deleted

Combined with PEA-2

PEA-15

Local governments can organize outreach to vulnerable populations during periods of extreme temperature, including establishing and promoting accessibly heating or cooling centers in the community. Drought/Heat

Wave Moderate

Alcorn County EMA

N/A 2020

The county has taken a number of steps to outreach to vulnerable populations during extreme heat events including providing community centers to cool off in. However, additional coordination is required to maintain this program so the action will remain in the plan.



A:91

Action #







PEA-16

Encourage local newspapers and media outlets to run articles and information pieces regarding the potential dangers of dam failures and the positive impacts of various hazard mitigation actions. The articles and information pieces will address existing and future buildings and infrastructure as well as other potential impacts.

Dam Failure High Alcorn County

EMA Local, MEMA,

FEMA Deleted

Combined with PEA-2

PEA-17

Emergency action plans are developed, exercised, and maintained by the individual dam owners. The MDEQ, Dam Safety Division is tasked to review the plans. Support of MDEQ in outreach to high hazard and significant hazard dam owners concerning the development of acceptable emergency action plans.

Dam Failure Moderate Alcorn County

EMA MEMA, FEMA,

Local 2020

Emergency action plans are developed, exercised, and maintained by the individual dam owners. The county will work with MDEQ to continue to help ensure dam owners have emergency action plans in place.



A:92

City of Corinth Mitigation Action Plan Action

# Description

Hazard(s) Addressed

Relative Priority





Prevention

P-1


Earthquake Low City of Corinth MEMA, FEMA,

Local 2020


P-2


Expansive Soils Moderate Alcorn County EMA, City of

Corinth

Local, MEMA, FEMA

2020


P-3



Departments


Department 2018




A:93

Action #







P-4


Drought/Heat Wave

Moderate Alcorn County EMA, City of

Corinth

FEMA, MEMA, Local

2020


Property Protection

PP-1

The City of Corinth has a major flooding problem in the Melody Park area on the west side. The area is a flood-prone area and FEMA is, at this time, trying to buy out the residents.

Flood High FEMA FEMA 2018

The properties in question have not all been addressed. There are still a number of properties that are flood prone and the city is continuing to look at ways to mitigate these properties.

PP-2

The creek where the railroad crosses at U.S. Highway 72 is an area that catches debris in the old trestle. The plans are for the railroad to remove the old pilings to alleviate this problem. Also, downstream there is a bridge on County Road 402 with just a culvert that is not large enough to carry the water away fast enough. It is in the planning state to replace this with a span of bridge with wing walls.


Local, MEMA, FEMA, Soil and

Water Conservation

Office

2016

To date, this project has not been implemented so the county will continue to work with other stakeholders going forward to try to implement.



A:94

Action #







PP-3


Hail Low Alcorn County EMA, City of

Corinth

FEMA, Public and private funds

2020


PP-4


Lightning Moderate Alcorn County EMA, City of

Corinth FEMA 2019




Emergency Services

ES-1


Tornado, High Winds

High Alcorn County EMA, City of

Corinth

Local, MEMA, FEMA

2016




A:95

Action #







ES-2


Earthquake High Alcorn County EMA, City of

Corinth

Local, MEMA, FEMA

2020


ES-3



High Alcorn County

EMA Local, FEMA



ES-4

Procure a mobile power supply (generator) that will enable the City of Corinth Gas and Water Department to have alternate power to help restore operations if severe winter weather disrupts usual power supply.


High City of Corinth Local, FEMA As soon as funds

are in place


ES-5

Procure a mobile power supply (generator) that will enable the City of Corinth to have alternate power to help restore basic governmental operations (including police, fire, and city fuel supply) if severe winter weather disrupts usual power supply.


High City of Corinth Local, FEMA As soon as funds

are in place




A:96

Action #







ES-6


Alcorn County EMA

Local, FEMA 2020



PEA-1


Tornado, High Winds


Corinth

Local, MEMA, FEMA

2016




A:97

Action #







PEA-2


All High Alcorn County EMA, City of

Corinth


MEMA, FEMA 2020


PEA-3


All High




Donations 2020


PEA-4


Flood High Alcorn County EMA, City of

Corinth

Local, FEMA, MEMA

Deleted

Combined with PEA-2



A:98

Action #







PEA-5


Hail High Alcorn County EMA, City of

Corinth

Local, MEMA, FEMA

Deleted

Combined with PEA-2

PEA-6


Earthquake High Alcorn County EMA, City of

Corinth

Local, MEMA, FEMA

Deleted

Combined with PEA-2

PEA-7



EMA


donations Deleted

Combined with PEA-3

PEA-8


Expansive Soils High Alcorn County EMA, City of

Corinth

Local, MEMA, FEMA

Deleted

Combined with PEA-2



A:99

Action #







PEA-9




Corinth

Local, MEMA, FEMA

Deleted

Combined with PEA-2

PEA-10


Lightning High Alcorn County EMA, City of

Corinth

Local, MEMA, FEMA

Deleted

Combined with PEA-2

PEA-11



EMA


donations Deleted

Combined with PEA-3

PEA-12


Wildfire High Alcorn County EMA, City of

Corinth

Local, MEMA, FEMA

Deleted

Combined with PEA-2



A:100

Action #







PEA-13



EMA MEMA, FEMA,

Local 2020


PEA-14


Drought/Heat Wave


Corinth

Local, MEMA, FEMA

Deleted

Combined with PEA-2

PEA-15


Wave Moderate

Alcorn County EMA, City of

Corinth N/A 2020


PEA-16


Dam Failure High Alcorn County EMA, City of

Corinth

Local, MEMA, FEMA

Deleted

Combined with PEA-2



A:101

Action #







PEA-17


Dam Failure Moderate Alcorn County EMA, City of

Corinth

MEMA, FEMA, Local

2020




A:102

Town of Farmington Mitigation Action Plan Action

# Description

Hazard(s) Addressed

Relative Priority





Prevention

P-1


Earthquake Low Town of

Farmington MEMA, FEMA,

Local 2020


P-2


Expansive Soils Moderate Alcorn County EMA, Town of

Farmington

Local, MEMA, FEMA

2020


P-3



Departments


Department 2018




A:103

Action #







P-4


Drought/Heat Wave

Moderate Alcorn County EMA, Town of

Farmington

FEMA, MEMA, Local

2020


Property Protection

PP-1


Hail Low Alcorn County EMA, Town of

Farmington


2020


PP-2


Lightning Moderate Alcorn County EMA, Town of

Farmington FEMA 2019






A:104

Action #







Emergency Services

ES-1


Tornado, High Winds

High Alcorn County EMA, Town of

Farmington

Local, MEMA, FEMA

2016


ES-2


Earthquake High Alcorn County EMA, Town of

Farmington

Local, MEMA, FEMA

2020


ES-3



High Alcorn County

EMA Local, FEMA



ES-4




Farmington Local, FEMA





A:105

Action #







ES-5


Alcorn County EMA

Local, FEMA 2020



PEA-1


Tornado, High Winds


Farmington

Local, MEMA, FEMA

2016




A:106

Action #







PEA-2


All High Alcorn County EMA, Town of

Farmington


MEMA, FEMA 2020


PEA-3


All High




Donations 2020


PEA-4


Flood High Alcorn County EMA, Town of

Farmington

Local, FEMA, MEMA

Deleted

Combined with PEA-2



A:107

Action #







PEA-5


Hail High Alcorn County EMA, Town of

Farmington

Local, MEMA, FEMA

Deleted

Combined with PEA-2

PEA-6



Farmington

Local, MEMA, FEMA

Deleted

Combined with PEA-2

PEA-7



EMA


donations Deleted

Combined with PEA-3

PEA-8


Expansive Soils High Alcorn County EMA, Town of

Farmington

Local, MEMA, FEMA

Deleted

Combined with PEA-2



A:108

Action #







PEA-9




Farmington

Local, MEMA, FEMA

Deleted

Combined with PEA-2

PEA-10


Lightning High Alcorn County EMA, Town of

Farmington

Local, MEMA, FEMA

Deleted

Combined with PEA-2

PEA-11



EMA


donations Deleted

Combined with PEA-3

PEA-12


Wildfire High Alcorn County EMA, Town of

Farmington

Local, MEMA, FEMA

Deleted

Combined with PEA-2



A:109

Action #







PEA-13



EMA MEMA, FEMA,

Local 2020


PEA-14


Drought/Heat Wave


Farmington

Local, MEMA, FEMA

Deleted

Combined with PEA-2

PEA-15


Wave Moderate

Alcorn County EMA, Town of

Farmington N/A 2020


PEA-16


Dam Failure High Alcorn County EMA, Town of

Farmington

Local, MEMA, FEMA

Deleted

Combined with PEA-2



A:110

Action #







PEA-17


Dam Failure Moderate Alcorn County EMA, Town of

Farmington

MEMA, FEMA, Local

2020




A:111

Town of Glen Mitigation Action Plan Action

# Description

Hazard(s) Addressed

Relative Priority





Prevention

P-1


Earthquake Low Town of Glen MEMA, FEMA,

Local 2020


P-2



Glen

Local, MEMA, FEMA

2020


P-3



Departments


Department 2018




A:112

Action #







P-4


Drought/Heat Wave


Glen

FEMA, MEMA, Local

2020


Property Protection

PP-1



Glen


2020


PP-2



Glen FEMA 2019






A:113

Action #







Emergency Services

ES-1


Tornado, High Winds


Glen

Local, MEMA, FEMA

2016


ES-2



Glen

Local, MEMA, FEMA

2020


ES-3



High Alcorn County

EMA Local, FEMA



ES-4




Glen Local, FEMA





A:114

Action #







ES-5


Alcorn County EMA

Local, FEMA 2020



PEA-1


Tornado, High Winds


Glen

Local, MEMA, FEMA

2016




A:115

Action #







PEA-2



Glen


MEMA, FEMA 2020


PEA-3


All High




Donations 2020


PEA-4



Glen

Local, FEMA, MEMA

Deleted

Combined with PEA-2



A:116

Action #







PEA-5



Glen

Local, MEMA, FEMA

Deleted

Combined with PEA-2

PEA-6



Glen

Local, MEMA, FEMA

Deleted

Combined with PEA-2

PEA-7



EMA


donations Deleted

Combined with PEA-3

PEA-8



Glen

Local, MEMA, FEMA

Deleted

Combined with PEA-2



A:117

Action #







PEA-9




Glen

Local, MEMA, FEMA

Deleted

Combined with PEA-2

PEA-10



Glen

Local, MEMA, FEMA

Deleted

Combined with PEA-2

PEA-11



EMA


donations Deleted

Combined with PEA-3

PEA-12



Glen

Local, MEMA, FEMA

Deleted

Combined with PEA-2



A:118

Action #







PEA-13



EMA MEMA, FEMA,

Local 2020


PEA-14


Drought/Heat Wave


Glen

Local, MEMA, FEMA

Deleted

Combined with PEA-2

PEA-15


Wave Moderate


Glen N/A 2020


PEA-16



Glen

Local, MEMA, FEMA

Deleted

Combined with PEA-2



A:119

Action #







PEA-17



Glen

MEMA, FEMA, Local

2020




A:120

Village of Kossuth Mitigation Action Plan Action

# Description

Hazard(s) Addressed

Relative Priority





Prevention

P-1


Earthquake Low Village of Kossuth

MEMA, FEMA, Local

2020


P-2


Expansive Soils Moderate Alcorn County EMA, Village of

Kossuth

Local, MEMA, FEMA

2020


P-3



Departments


Department 2018




A:121

Action #







P-4


Drought/Heat Wave

Moderate Alcorn County EMA, Village of

Kossuth

FEMA, MEMA, Local

2020


Property Protection

PP-1


Hail Low Alcorn County EMA, Village of

Kossuth


2020


PP-2


Lightning Moderate Alcorn County EMA, Village of

Kossuth FEMA 2019






A:122

Action #







Emergency Services

ES-1


Tornado, High Winds

High Alcorn County EMA, Village of

Kossuth

Local, MEMA, FEMA

2016


ES-2


Earthquake High Alcorn County EMA, Village of

Kossuth

Local, MEMA, FEMA

2020


ES-3



High Alcorn County

EMA Local, FEMA



ES-4




Kossuth Local, FEMA





A:123

Action #







ES-5


Alcorn County EMA

Local, FEMA 2020



PEA-1


Tornado, High Winds


Kossuth

Local, MEMA, FEMA

2016




A:124

Action #







PEA-2


All High Alcorn County EMA, Village of

Kossuth


MEMA, FEMA 2020


PEA-3


All High




Donations 2020


PEA-4


Flood High Alcorn County EMA, Village of

Kossuth

Local, FEMA, MEMA

Deleted

Combined with PEA-2



A:125

Action #







PEA-5


Hail High Alcorn County EMA, Village of

Kossuth

Local, MEMA, FEMA

Deleted

Combined with PEA-2

PEA-6


Earthquake High Alcorn County EMA, Village of

Kossuth

Local, MEMA, FEMA

Deleted

Combined with PEA-2

PEA-7



EMA


donations Deleted

Combined with PEA-3

PEA-8


Expansive Soils High Alcorn County EMA, Village of

Kossuth

Local, MEMA, FEMA

Deleted

Combined with PEA-2



A:126

Action #







PEA-9




Kossuth

Local, MEMA, FEMA

Deleted

Combined with PEA-2

PEA-10


Lightning High Alcorn County EMA, Village of

Kossuth

Local, MEMA, FEMA

Deleted

Combined with PEA-2

PEA-11



EMA


donations Deleted

Combined with PEA-3

PEA-12


Wildfire High Alcorn County EMA, Village of

Kossuth

Local, MEMA, FEMA

Deleted

Combined with PEA-2



A:127

Action #







PEA-13



EMA MEMA, FEMA,

Local 2020


PEA-14


Drought/Heat Wave


Kossuth

Local, MEMA, FEMA

Deleted

Combined with PEA-2

PEA-15


Wave Moderate

Alcorn County EMA, Village of

Kossuth N/A 2020


PEA-16


Dam Failure High Alcorn County EMA, Village of

Kossuth

Local, MEMA, FEMA

Deleted

Combined with PEA-2



A:128

Action #







PEA-17


Dam Failure Moderate Alcorn County EMA, Village of

Kossuth

MEMA, FEMA, Local

2020




A:129

Town of Rienzi Mitigation Action Plan Action

# Description

Hazard(s) Addressed

Relative Priority





Prevention

P-1


Earthquake Low Town of Rienzi MEMA, FEMA,

Local 2020


P-2



Rienzi

Local, MEMA, FEMA

2020


P-3



Departments


Department 2018




A:130

Action #







P-4


Drought/Heat Wave


Rienzi

FEMA, MEMA, Local

2020


Property Protection

PP-1



Rienzi


2020


PP-2



Rienzi FEMA 2019






A:131

Action #







Emergency Services

ES-1


Tornado, High Winds


Rienzi

Local, MEMA, FEMA

2016


ES-2



Rienzi

Local, MEMA, FEMA

2020


ES-3



High Alcorn County

EMA Local, FEMA



ES-4




Rienzi Local, FEMA





A:132

Action #







ES-5


Alcorn County EMA

Local, FEMA 2020



PEA-1


Tornado, High Winds


Rienzi

Local, MEMA, FEMA

2016




A:133

Action #







PEA-2



Rienzi


MEMA, FEMA 2020


PEA-3


All High




Donations 2020


PEA-4



Rienzi

Local, FEMA, MEMA

Deleted

Combined with PEA-2



A:134

Action #







PEA-5



Rienzi

Local, MEMA, FEMA

Deleted

Combined with PEA-2

PEA-6



Rienzi

Local, MEMA, FEMA

Deleted

Combined with PEA-2

PEA-7



EMA


donations Deleted

Combined with PEA-3

PEA-8



Rienzi

Local, MEMA, FEMA

Deleted

Combined with PEA-2



A:135

Action #







PEA-9




Rienzi

Local, MEMA, FEMA

Deleted

Combined with PEA-2

PEA-10



Rienzi

Local, MEMA, FEMA

Deleted

Combined with PEA-2

PEA-11



EMA


donations Deleted

Combined with PEA-3

PEA-12



Rienzi

Local, MEMA, FEMA

Deleted

Combined with PEA-2



A:136

Action #







PEA-13



EMA MEMA, FEMA,

Local 2020


PEA-14


Drought/Heat Wave


Rienzi

Local, MEMA, FEMA

Deleted

Combined with PEA-2

PEA-15


Wave Moderate


Rienzi N/A 2020


PEA-16



Rienzi

Local, MEMA, FEMA

Deleted

Combined with PEA-2



A:137

Action #







PEA-17



Rienzi

MEMA, FEMA, Local

2020


ANNEX A · 2018-09-04 · ANNEX A: ALCORN COUNTY MEMA District 2 Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan...

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Transcript of ANNEX A · 2018-09-04 · ANNEX A: ALCORN COUNTY MEMA District 2 Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan...