Anna Williams Scottish Senior Research Fellow and Honorary Consultant Neurologist
Anna Williams Scottish Senior Research Fellow and Honorary Consultant Neurologist MS and Update on...
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![Page 1: Anna Williams Scottish Senior Research Fellow and Honorary Consultant Neurologist MS and Update on research.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551bbbd5550346b9588b4726/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Anna WilliamsScottish Senior Research Fellow and Honorary
Consultant Neurologist
MS and Update on research
![Page 2: Anna Williams Scottish Senior Research Fellow and Honorary Consultant Neurologist MS and Update on research.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551bbbd5550346b9588b4726/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine
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Project Base - Edinburgh
No 9, BioincubatorMRC Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine230 Researchers
Queen’s Medical Research Institute650 ResearchersDrug Discovery Core
Clinical ResearchImaging Centre
Royal Infirmary870 beds
Medical School250 Researchers
Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic – 1700 MS patients. 1/500 in Scotland
Clinical Research FacilityMHRA Accredited Phase 1 Unit
MRC hub for Stem cell niche - £5.6 million
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![Page 5: Anna Williams Scottish Senior Research Fellow and Honorary Consultant Neurologist MS and Update on research.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551bbbd5550346b9588b4726/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
What causes MS?Young 1 in 500 in Scotland2F:1M
Genetics Family - 5%, Twin studies – 30% MZMac/McGenes – HLA DR2, IL7R,IL2R+
Immune/autoimmune – HLA DR2, periventricular plaques
Latitude Guernsey 87/105 populationOrkney287/105 populationVitamin D
Post-infective EBV, chlamydia, coxsackie, canine distemper virus, HHV6
Radon/ organophosphates/ whiplash/mercury fillings etc
![Page 6: Anna Williams Scottish Senior Research Fellow and Honorary Consultant Neurologist MS and Update on research.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551bbbd5550346b9588b4726/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells to remyelinateNeural protection
Immune attackWhat is MS?
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There is an unmet need in MS therapy
Anti-inflammatory drugs Neuroprotective therapies
Inflammation neurodegeneration
RelapsesProgression
disa
bilit
y
time
βIFN, Fingolimod, Natalizumab
Teriflunomide, Fumarate, Alemtuzumab
7
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Demyelination
Axondegeneration
Remyelination
(inefficient)
Neuroprotective strategies
Promote axon survival
as in MND, AD, stroke etc.
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stem cell
stem cellSELF-RENEWAL(copying)
specialised celle.g. muscle cell, nerve cell
DIFFERENTIATION(specialising) grow
repair renew
A stem cell can self-renew or differentiate
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Blastocyst
Inner cell mass
Throughout lifeCell from the body
Genetically reprogrammed
Pluripotent cell
Add varying factors to
differentiate into any cell type
Embryonic stem cells
Tissue stem cells Embryonic stem cells Induced pluripotent stem cells
Add varying factors to
differentiate into any cell type
Liver stem cells make liver cells
Brain stem cells make brain cells
etc
Different types of stem cells
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What is a stem cell?
Mesenchymal stem
cell
Pluripotent (embryonic) stem cell
Neural stem cell
Gut stem cell
Bone
Blood stem cell
Cardiac stem cell
Nerve Oligodendrocyte
Skin stem cell
Fat
Cartilage
?
Immunecell
Induced pluripotent stem cell
Skincell
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Recruitment Maturation
Demyelination Remyelination
OPC(Tissue
stem cell)
What is required for remyelination?
Anti- Lingo 1 absRXRg~10 other targets in rodent
ChemorepellentSema3A and its
receptor neuropilin 1
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Stem cell transplant problems
Multiple lesions
New lesions
Some lesions repair themselves
How do we get stem cells in?
Can they migrate?
Where do we get them from?
How will they know what connections to make?
Danger – operations, drugs, infection, tumours
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How do we get stem cells in?
One lesion
No new lesions
Very little repair
Can they migrate?
Where do we get them from?
How will they know what connections to make?
Danger – operations, drugs, infection, tumours
Spinal cord injury – better bet
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STEM CELLS FOR HOPE
Stem cell tourismPut ‘stem cell’ and ‘MS’ into Google – get almost 13 million hits
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Researchers Highlight Warning Signs On Adult Stem Cell Treatments
Stem Cell Fraud: A 60 Minutes investigation
‘Stem cell tourism’ growing trendPanel decries overseas clinics that provide treatments devoid of scientific validity
Stem cell hype and the dangers of stem cell “tourism”
Stem cells in Texas: Cowboy culture
STEM CELL TOURISM: SEEKING TREATMENT ON THE INTERNET AND PAYING FOR IT WITH YOUR LIFE
Desperate patients warned to avoid stem cell tourism abroad over unproven 'miracle' claims
Counter culture