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For the resin used in varnishes, seeHymenaea courbaril.Anime(Japanese:?,[anime](listen)), also informallyromanizedasanim, is a term used to refer toJapaneseanimated productionsfeaturing hand-drawn or computer animation. The word is the abbreviated pronunciation of "animation" in Japanese, where this term references all animation.[1]The meaning of the word anime can vary slightly, definitions include animation from Japan or, alternatively, a Japanese-disseminated animationstyleoften characterized by colorful graphics, vibrant characters and fantastic themes.[2][3]Arguably, the stylization approach to the meaning may open up the possibility of anime produced in countries other than Japan.[4][5][6]For simplicity, many Westerners strictly view anime as an animation product from Japan.[3]Some scholars suggest defining anime as specifically or quintessentially Japanese may be related to a new form oforientalism.[7]The earliest commercial Japanese animation dates to 1917, and production of anime works in Japan has since continued to increase steadily. The characteristic anime art style emerged in the 1960s with the works ofOsamu Tezukaand spread internationally in the late twentieth century, developing a large domestic and international audience. Anime is distributed theatrically, by television broadcasts, directly to home media, and over the internet. It is classified into numerous genres targeting diverse broad and niche audiences.Anime is a diverse art form with distinctive production methods and techniques that have been adapted over time in response to emergent technologies. The production of anime focuses less on the animation of movement and more on the realism of settings as well as the use of camera effects, including panning, zooming, and angle shots. Diverse art styles are used and character proportions and features can be quite varied, including characteristically large emotive or realistically sized eyes.The anime industry consists of over 430 production studios including major names likeStudio Ghibli,Gainax, andToei Animation. Despite comprising only a fraction of Japan's domestic film market, anime makes up a majority of JapaneseDVDsales. It has also seen international success after the rise of English-dubbedprogramming. This rise in international popularly has resulted in non-Japanese productions using the anime art style, but these works are usually described asanime-influenced animationrather than anime proper.Contents[hide] 1Definition and usage 2Format 3History 4Genres 5Attributes 5.1Animation technique 5.2Characters 5.3Music 6Industry 6.1Awards 7Influence on world culture 7.1Fan response 7.2Anime style 8See also 9References 10External linksDefinition and usageAnime is an art form, specifically animation, that includes allgenresfound in cinema, but it can be mistakenly classified as a genre.[8]:7InJapanese, the termanimerefers to all forms of animation from around the world.[1][9]InEnglish,animeis more restrictively used to denote a "Japanese-style animated film or television entertainment" or as "a style of animation created in Japan".[2][10]The etymology of the wordanimeis disputed. The English term "animation" is written in Japanesekatakanaas (animshon, pronounced[animeo])[3]and is(anime) in its shortened form.[3]Some sources claim thatanimederives from the French term for animationdessin anim,[11][12]but others believe this to be a myth derived from the French popularity of the medium in the late 1970s and 1980s.[3]In English,animewhen used as a commonnounnormally functions as amass noun. (For example: "Do you watch anime?" or "How much anime have you collected?")[13]Prior to the widespread use ofanime, the termJapanimationwas prevalent throughout the 1970s and 1980s. In the mid-1980s, the termanimebegan to supplantJapanimation.[11][14]In general, the term now only appears in period works where it is used to distinguish and identify Japanese animation.[14]In 1987,Hayao Miyazakistated that he despised the truncated wordanimebecause to him it represented the desolation of the Japanese animation industry. He equated the desolation with animators lacking motivation and mass-produced, overly expressive products which rely on fixed iconography for facial expressions and protracted and exaggerated action scenes but lack depth and sophistication because they do not attempt to convey emotion or thought.[15]