Computer animation

Submitted to:-

Mr. Balraj singh grewal

Contents• Computer animation• Explanation• History • Methods of animating virtual characters• Creating characters and objects on a

computer• Computer animation development

equipment• Modeling human faces• Future

Computer animation

• Computer animation is the process used for generating animated images by using computer graphics. The more general term computer generated imagery encompasses both static scenes and dynamic images, while computer animation only refers to moving images.

• Modern computer animation usually uses 3D computer graphics.

How to create

Explanation

• To trick the eye and brain into thinking they are seeing a smoothly moving object, the pictures should be drawn at around 12 frames per second or faster (a frame is one complete image). With rates above 70 frames/s no improvement in realism or smoothness is perceivable due to the way the eye and brain process images

History

• One of the earliest steps in the history of computer animation was the 1973 movie Westworld, a science-fiction film about a society in which robots live and work among humans, though the first use of 3D Wireframe imagery was in its sequel, future world  (1976), which featured a computer-generated hand and face created by then University of Utah graduate students Edwin Catmull and Fred Parke.

Methods of animating virtual characters

• In most 3D computer animation systems, an animator creates a simplified representation of a character's anatomy, analogous to a skeleton or stick figure. The position of each segment of the skeletal model is defined by animation variables, or Avatars. In human and animal characters, many parts of the skeletal model correspond to actual bones, but skeletal animation is also used to animate other things, such as facial features

Creating characters and objects on a computer

• 3D computer animation combines 3D models of objects and programmed or hand "keyframed" movement. Models are constructed out of geometrical vertices, faces, and edges in a 3D coordinate system. Objects are sculpted much like real clay or plaster, working from general forms to specific details with various sculpting tools.

Computer animation development equipment

• Computer animation can be created with a computer and animation software. Some impressive animation can be achieved even with basic programs, the rendering can take a lot of time on an ordinary home computer.

Modeling human faces

• The modeling of human facial features is both one of the most challenging and sought after elements in computer-generated imagery. Computer facial animation is a highly complex field where models typically include a very large number of animation variables.

Future

• One open challenge in computer animation is a photorealistic animation of humans.

• Currently, most computer-animated movies show animal characters (A Bug's Life, Finding Nemo,  Ice Age, Over the Hedge, Open Season, Rio), fantasy characters (Monsters Inc., Shrek, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles 4, Monsters vs. Aliens), anthropomorphic machines (Cars, WALL-E, Robots) or cartoon-like humans (The Incredibles,  Up).

• the movie Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within is often cited as the first computer-generated movie to attempt to show realistic-looking humans

Movies

• CGI short films have been produced as independent animation since 1976, though the popularity of computer animation skyrocketed during the modern era of U.S. animation. The first completely computer-generated television series was ReBoot, in 1994, and the first completely computer-generated animated movie was Toy Story(1995).

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