Animal Tissues What are tissues? Groups of cells with common structure and function. 1.Epithelial...

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Bioenergetics Food contains the energy that keeps animals alive. What do our bodies do with food?

Transcript of Animal Tissues What are tissues? Groups of cells with common structure and function. 1.Epithelial...

Page 1: Animal Tissues What are tissues? Groups of cells with common structure and function. 1.Epithelial TissuesEpithelial Tissues 2.Connective TissueConnective.

Bioenergetics• Food contains the energy that keeps ani

mals alive.– What do our bodies do with food?

Page 2: Animal Tissues What are tissues? Groups of cells with common structure and function. 1.Epithelial TissuesEpithelial Tissues 2.Connective TissueConnective.

Metabolic Rate

• Metabolic rate = total energy an animal uses per unit time

• BMR = basal metabolic rate of resting endothermic animal– Human adult males: 1600-1800 kcal/day– Human adult females: 1300-1500 kcal/day

• SMR= standard metabolic rate of ectotherm at a specific temperature

Page 3: Animal Tissues What are tissues? Groups of cells with common structure and function. 1.Epithelial TissuesEpithelial Tissues 2.Connective TissueConnective.

Bioenergetics• Metabolic rate = total energy an animal uses per

unit time• Endothermic animals are warmed by metabolism,

must work to keep body temp. constant– Birds, mammals– High energy expenditure– Capable of intense, long duration activity over wide range

of temps.

• Ectothermic animals warm themselves by absorbing heat from their environment– Fish, amphibians, reptiles, invertebrates– Lower energy expenditure– Not capable of endurance– When cold, cannot act quickly

Page 4: Animal Tissues What are tissues? Groups of cells with common structure and function. 1.Epithelial TissuesEpithelial Tissues 2.Connective TissueConnective.
Page 5: Animal Tissues What are tissues? Groups of cells with common structure and function. 1.Epithelial TissuesEpithelial Tissues 2.Connective TissueConnective.
Page 6: Animal Tissues What are tissues? Groups of cells with common structure and function. 1.Epithelial TissuesEpithelial Tissues 2.Connective TissueConnective.

Size and Metabolic Rate

• Amount of energy that it takes to maintain each gram of body weight is inversely related to body size– Ex. Each gram of mouse requires 20X as

many calories as a gram of elephant• Use proportionately more oxygen• Has higher breathing rate, blood volume, heart

rate, and eats proportionately more food

• WHY??

Page 7: Animal Tissues What are tissues? Groups of cells with common structure and function. 1.Epithelial TissuesEpithelial Tissues 2.Connective TissueConnective.

• Greater SA:volume in small animals, causes greater loss of heat. (maybe)– Fails to explain the inverse relationship in

ectotherms, which do not use energy to maintain body temp

Page 8: Animal Tissues What are tissues? Groups of cells with common structure and function. 1.Epithelial TissuesEpithelial Tissues 2.Connective TissueConnective.

Thermoregulation

• Countercurrent heat exchangers

• Nonshivering thermogenesis: hormones cause mitochondria to shift their metabolic production from ATP to heat– Can happen throughout the body, but

brown fat areas (in neck and between shoulders) specialize in this

• Torpor and hibernation

Page 9: Animal Tissues What are tissues? Groups of cells with common structure and function. 1.Epithelial TissuesEpithelial Tissues 2.Connective TissueConnective.

Body Plans

• Single celled organisms have entire surface area in contact with environment

• Simple multicellular organisms keep flat body plan with thin cells

• Larger more complex animals fold their internal surfaces to keep exchange with environment.

Page 10: Animal Tissues What are tissues? Groups of cells with common structure and function. 1.Epithelial TissuesEpithelial Tissues 2.Connective TissueConnective.

Homeostasis

• Interstitial fluid = internal fluid found between body cells

• Homeostasis = maintaining a steady state

• Feedback circuits help maintain homeostasis

Page 11: Animal Tissues What are tissues? Groups of cells with common structure and function. 1.Epithelial TissuesEpithelial Tissues 2.Connective TissueConnective.

Covers outside of

body and lines organs and

cavities.

Notice how structure fits

function.

Page 12: Animal Tissues What are tissues? Groups of cells with common structure and function. 1.Epithelial TissuesEpithelial Tissues 2.Connective TissueConnective.

Made of collagen, non-elastic does not tear easily

Page 13: Animal Tissues What are tissues? Groups of cells with common structure and function. 1.Epithelial TissuesEpithelial Tissues 2.Connective TissueConnective.
Page 14: Animal Tissues What are tissues? Groups of cells with common structure and function. 1.Epithelial TissuesEpithelial Tissues 2.Connective TissueConnective.
Page 15: Animal Tissues What are tissues? Groups of cells with common structure and function. 1.Epithelial TissuesEpithelial Tissues 2.Connective TissueConnective.
Page 16: Animal Tissues What are tissues? Groups of cells with common structure and function. 1.Epithelial TissuesEpithelial Tissues 2.Connective TissueConnective.
Page 17: Animal Tissues What are tissues? Groups of cells with common structure and function. 1.Epithelial TissuesEpithelial Tissues 2.Connective TissueConnective.
Page 18: Animal Tissues What are tissues? Groups of cells with common structure and function. 1.Epithelial TissuesEpithelial Tissues 2.Connective TissueConnective.
Page 19: Animal Tissues What are tissues? Groups of cells with common structure and function. 1.Epithelial TissuesEpithelial Tissues 2.Connective TissueConnective.
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