Animal Survival
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Transcript of Animal Survival
Animal SurvivalAnimal SurvivalAnimal SurvivalAnimal Survival
Water and WasteWater and Waste
• G1: Identify the ways in which a mammal gains and loses water
Water Gain• Food• Drink• Chemical
Reactions*
Water Loss• Urine (Urea in
water)
• Faeces• Sweat• Breathing
*Respiration = how the body releases energy from food.Oxygen + Food Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy
• The kidneys make sure that the amount of water gain equals the amount of water loss
Water Balance
Water In = Water Out
• G2: State that the kidneys are the main organs for regulating the water content in a mammal.
This is called OSMOREGULATION
• G3: Identify the position and state the functions of the kidney, renal arteries, renal veins, ureter and bladder.
water regulate/control
Name Function
Kidney Filter blood. Remove excess water and urea
Renal Arteries
Supply blood to the kidneys
Renal Vein
Take filtered blood away from the kidneys
Ureter Take urine (urea and water) from the kidneys to the bladder
Bladder Stores urine until it is passed out of the body
G4: State that the kidneys work by filtration of blood and reabsorption of useful materials such as glucose.
G5: State that urea is a waste product removed in the urine.
• FILTRATION
• As blood flows through the kidneys, a lot of water and most of the substances dissolved in the plasma are filtered out. This includes urea, glucose, amino acids and salt.
• RE-ABSORPTION
• Many of these substances are needed by the body, so are RE-ABSORBED back into the blood.
• Urea and just the right amount of water that the body needs to lose are NOT re-absorbed. They pass out of the kidneys, down to the bladder and are excreted in the urine
C1: Explain the process of urine production using a simple diagram of the nephron.
Glomerulus
Bowman’s capsule
Kidney
tubuleCapillaries
Collecting Tube
Part of Nephron Function
Glomerulus Blood is filtered and collects in the Bowman’s Capsule
Kidney Tubule Useful substances are re-absorbed (eg, glucose, amino acids) and pass back into the capillaries.
Collecting Duct Final re-absorption of water occurs here. The amount re-absorbed is controlled by ADH (anti-diuretic hormone).
C2: State the source of urea in the body and describe how urea is transported to the kidneys.
• Urea is a poisonous nitrogenous (contains nitrogen) waste. It is made in the liver when surplus amino acids are broken down.
Amino Acids Glycogen + UreaUseful carbohydrate stored in the liverUrea passes into the bloodstream
and is transported to the kidneys where it is removed from the blood.
New term …… diuretic• A diuretic is a substance which causes an
increase in the production of urine.
• Opposite terms• eg, clockwise/anti-clockwise• social/anti-social• anti-viral
Don’t copy this!!!!!!!
Diuretic• A diuretic is a substance which causes an
increase in the production of urine.
Anti-diuretic• An anti-diuretic will reduce the
production of urine.
C3: Explain the role of ADH (anti-diuretic hormone) in the regulation of water balance
• Anti-diuretic hormone = decrease production of urine
• Anti-diuretic hormone is released by the pituitary gland (part of the brain).
• Body can either produce lots of ADH or a little ADH
• Lots of ADH = less urine
Releases little ADH
• Scenario 1: Drank too much water
Blood too diluteDrink
too much
Low volume of water reabsorbed by kidney
Large volume dilute urine to bladder
Water conc. in blood normalWater conc. in blood normal
Releases lots ADH
• Scenario 2: Body has lost too much water
Blood too concentrated
sweating
High volume of water reabsorbed by kidney
Small volume concentrated urine to
bladder
Water conc. in blood normalWater conc. in blood normal
G6: Explain the implications of damage to the kidneys by accidents or disease
• People can live with only one kidney, but if both kidneys become damaged, urea will build up and will eventually cause death if not treated.
• Treatment• Dialysis (kidney machine)• Kidney Transplant
C4: Describe the benefits and limitations of replacement and “artificial” kidneys.
C4: Describe the benefits and limitations of replacement and “artificial” kidneys.
Page 50 Biology Booklet
Complete pages 43-51
Textbook 130-137Read/Revise/Take Notes/Answer Questions
Last page of booklet – past paper questions/book
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