FISH HEART

REPTILE HEART

HUMAN HEART

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE HEART STRUCTURE OF FISH, REPTILE, AND HUMAN

FISH

4 chambers arrange in series

- 2 primary and 2 auxillary

- 1 atria / 1 ventricle

- contract in sequence

REPTILE

5 chambered heart- 2 atria and 3

interconnected ventricular compartments.

- cavum venosum -leads to systemic aortas

- cavum pulmonale -leads to pulmonary artery

-cavum arteriosum -cavity at base of pulmonary vein

HUMAN

4 chambers

- 2 atria and 2 ventricles separated by intraventricular septum.

SIMILARITIES BETWEEN HEART OF FISH, REPTILE, AND HUMAN

Myogenic

-cardiomyocytes produce spontaneous rhytmic depolarizations

-do not require nerve signal

Cardiomyocytes are electrically coupled via gap junctions to ensure coordinated contractions

-action potential passes directly from cell to cell

Pacemaker

-characterized by a lack of a resting membrane potential

-cell with fastest intrinsic rhythm

-in the sinus venosus in fish

-in the right atrium of the vertebrates

-sinoatrial (SA) node

FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD CELLS (HEMATOCYTE)

Transport oxygen bound to hemoglobin molecules and also transport small amount of carbon dioxide.

Form a protective, movable army that help defend the body against damage by bacteria, viruses, parasites, and tumor cells.

Allergic response and attack parasites.

-Kill parasitic warms.

-Increase during allergy attacks (might phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes and inactivate some inflammatory chemicals

Needed for normal blood clotting

-initiate clotting cascade by clinging to broken area (help to control blood loss from broken blood vessels).

Attack infections, virus, and early stage cancer

-part of immune system

(B lymphocytes : produce antibodies)

(T lymphocytes : involved in graph rejection, fighting tumors and viruses, and activating B lymphocytes)